道路路桥工程中英文对照外文翻译文献

道路路桥工程中英文对照外文翻译文献

Asphalt Mixtures: ns。Theory。and Principles

1.ns

XXX industry。XXX。The most common n of asphalt is in

the n of XXX "flexible" XXX them from those made with Portland

cement。XXX

2.XXX

XXX the use of aggregates。XXX。sand。or gravel。and a

binder。XXX for the pavement。XXX。The quality of the

asphalt XXX to the performance of the pavement。as it must be

able to XXX。

3.Principles

XXX。with each layer XXX layers typically include a

subgrade。a sub-base。a base course。and a surface course。The

subgrade is the natural soil or rock upon which the pavement is

built。while the sub-base and base courses provide nal support for

the pavement。The surface course is the layer that comes into

direct contact with traffic and is XXX。

In n。the use of XXX.

The n of flexible pavement can be subdivided into high and

low types。XXX on the use of solid or liquid asphalt products。Low-type pavements XXX。XXX。the n process for most low-type pavements is similar。XXX to the roadbed before mixing to

form the pavement.

High-type asphalt pavements。on the other hand。are made

using XXX。

Figure 1 XXX 2 depicts XXX。

Note: The original text had no XXX.) XXX and heavy traffic。They are tailored to the specific

XXX。

XXX (usually in the 85 to 100 XXX size: coarse aggregates。fine aggregates。XXX will delve into these groups in more detail。

Each component of the asphalt mixture has a specific role。and the mix XXX ns。it'XXX and failure.

A XXX。it must be stable and resistant to permanent

displacement under load。There are three types of XXX。two of

which are XXX。XXX。it can also lead to pavement failure。On

the other hand。XXX。

Note: I have corrected the XXX.)

XXX。the design should aim to XXX。making a dry and

firm base XXX.

For safe and controlled movement of fast-moving vehicles。the tire-XXX。XXX。The design process should be utilized to

select the best XXX. XXX construct sound pavements。materials and methods

must be chosen through the use of time-tested tests and ns。as

well as engineering judgments。along with a design method.

XXX XXX is to be cost-effective。However。determining

the true level of cost-effectiveness is not a direct process。as it can

only be XXX。if XXX。durability。and safety。with an

adequate safety factor。then it is likely that the best interests of

cost-XXX.

When it comes to creating a dense mixture。it is important to

note that not all XXX。XXX "well graded" aggregates should be

used。This means that the fine aggregate XXX characteristics。but also XXX coarse aggregate can result in a harsh and hard-to-work mix。while an excess of mineral filler can make the mix

XXX.

XXX: XXX。as it has a significant influence on the success

of the pavement。Design methods aim to XXX aggregates.

In terms of mix design principles。it is XXX。density。and

strength characteristics of the pavement。Well-graded aggregates

should be used to achieve a dense mixture。and the XXX should

also be taken into account。as an XXX。a successful mix design

will result in a pavement that is both strong and easy to manage.

XXX。When the mix is lightly compacted。it results in a

higher voids volume。lower density。and XXX。n is regulated

using a specific XXX the number of blows and energy per blow。In the field。controlling n and air voids is more challenging。XXX。XXX mix。It is not mon for density to vary by several

percent.

Note: XXX were made to the original text。except for XXX.)

XXX of the mix design problem。as it impacts all the

essential characteristics of a successful pavement。XXX。skid

resistance。durability。XXX of asphalt content。and we will

delve into these tests in a future chapter。For now。let us XXX。unit weight。and air voids.

In Figure 4.we see the XXXXXX and unit weight of the

pavement XXX content up to a certain point。after which they

plateau or decrease。Conversely。the air-void content XXX.

It is XXX on the type of aggregate used。Therefore。it XXX

content for the mix design。nally。the type of pavement and the

expected traffic volume and load should also be taken into account

when XXX.

In n。asphalt content plays a critical role in the mix design of

pavements。affecting stability。skid resistance。durability。XXX the type of pavement and expected traffic volume and load.

XXX aggregate。degree of n。and type of asphalt cement。XXX increase until it XXX。after which it will decrease with

XXX。XXX。and only a general pattern can be predicted before

testing.

Similarly。the unit weight of asphalt will vary in the same

pattern as the XXX variables are controlled。It will reach its