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自动化专业英语（第2版）一、引言随着科技的不断进步和全球化的发展，自动化技术已经成为现代工业和日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。
自动化专业英语作为自动化领域的重要工具，对于从事该领域工作的专业人士来说，掌握它显得尤为重要。
本教材旨在帮助自动化专业的学生和从业者提高英语水平，更好地适应国际化的工作环境。
二、教材结构1. 自动化基础英语：包括自动化领域的基本词汇、短语和句型，以及自动化原理和技术的介绍。
2. 自动化专业文献阅读：精选自动化领域的英文文献，帮助学生提高阅读理解能力，了解最新的研究成果和技术发展。
3. 自动化专业写作：教授自动化专业英语写作的基本技巧，包括报告、论文、专利申请等文体的写作方法。
4. 自动化专业口语：提供模拟的自动化专业场景，帮助学生提高口语表达能力和跨文化交际能力。
5. 自动化专业听力：精选自动化领域的英文听力材料，帮助学生提高听力理解能力，了解行业动态和专家观点。
三、教学方法本教材采用多样化的教学方法，包括课堂讲解、小组讨论、角色扮演、模拟实验等，旨在提高学生的学习兴趣和参与度。
同时，教材还配有丰富的练习题和案例，帮助学生巩固所学知识，提高实际应用能力。
四、适用对象本教材适用于自动化专业的学生、从业者以及对该领域感兴趣的人员。
无论您是初学者还是有一定基础的学习者，都可以通过本教材提高英语水平，更好地适应自动化领域的工作需求。
五、学习目标通过学习本教材，学生和从业者应能够：1. 掌握自动化领域的基本词汇、短语和句型。
2. 理解自动化原理和技术，了解最新的研究成果和技术发展。
4. 提高口语表达能力和跨文化交际能力，能够与国外同行进行有效沟通。
5. 提高听力理解能力，了解行业动态和专家观点。
本教材旨在帮助自动化专业的学生和从业者提高英语水平，更好地适应国际化的工作环境。
通过学习本教材，学生和从业者将能够掌握自动化领域的基本词汇、短语和句型，理解自动化原理和技术，提高英语写作、口语和听力能力，为未来的职业发展打下坚实的基础。
PART 1Electrical and Electronic Engineering BasicsUNIT 1A Electrical Networks - ————————- —- 3B Three-phase CircuitsUNIT 2A The Operational Amplifier ——- —- ——————5B TransistorsUNIT 3A Logical Variables and Flip-flop - ————- - ——- 8B Binary Number SystemUNIT 4A Power Semiconductor Devices ——————————11B Power Electronic ConvertersUNIT 5A Types of DC Motors ——- - ————————-15B Closed-loop Control of DC DriversUNIT 6A AC Machines ——————————- - - - -19B Induction Motor DriveUNIT 7A Electric Power System —- ——————————22B Power System AutomationPART 2Control TheoryUNIT 1A The World of Control - —- - - —- - - ———27B The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation - ——- —29UNIT 2A Stability and the Time Response —- ———————30B Steady State—- - ——- ——————————- 31UNIT 3A The Root Locus ———- ———- - ————32B The Frequency Response Methods: Nyquist Diagrams —————33UNIT 4A The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Piots —————34B Nonlinear Control System 37UNIT 5 A Introduction to Modern Control Theory 38B State Equations 40UNIT 6 A Controllability，Observability，and StabilityB Optimum Control SystemsUNIT 7 A Conventional and Intelligent ControlB Artificial Neural NetworkPART 3 Computer Control TechnologyUNIT 1 A Computer Structure and Function 42B Fundamentals of Computer and Networks 43UNIT 2 A Interfaces to External Signals and Devices 44B The Applications of Computers 46UNIT 3 A PLC OverviewB PACs for Industrial Control，the Future of ControlUNIT 4 A Fundamentals of Single—chip Microcomputer 49B Understanding DSP and Its UsesUNIT 5 A A First Look at Embedded SystemsB Embedded Systems DesignPART 4 Process ControlUNIT 1 A A Process Control System 50B Fundamentals of Process Control 52UNIT 2 A Sensors and Transmitters 53B Final Control Elements and ControllersUNIT 3 A P Controllers and PI ControllersB PID Controllers and Other ControllersUNIT 4 A Indicating InstrumentsB Control PanelsPART 5 Control Based on Network and InformationUNIT 1 A Automation Networking Application AreasB Evolution of Control System ArchitectureUNIT 2 A Fundamental Issues in Networked Control SystemsB Stability of NCSs with Network—induced DelayUNIT 3 A Fundamentals of the Database SystemB Virtual Manufacturing—A Growing Trend in AutomationUNIT 4 A Concepts of Computer Integrated ManufacturingB Enterprise Resources Planning and BeyondPART 6 Synthetic Applications of Automatic TechnologyUNIT 1 A Recent Advances and Future Trends in Electrical Machine DriversB System Evolution in Intelligent BuildingsUNIT 2 A Industrial RobotB A General Introduction to Pattern RecognitionUNIT 3 A Renewable EnergyB Electric VehiclesUNIT 1A 电路电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器、电感器和电容器等元件组成。
architecture n. 体系结构artillery shell 炮弹conveyor n. 传送带flip-flop n. 触发器geothermal adj. 地热的off-peak adj. 非高峰的Ohm n. 欧姆wye n. Y形联结，星形联结，三通character recognition 文字识别pattern recognition 模式识别abound v. 大量存在accelerate v. 加速access v. 存取，接近accessory n. 附件accommodate v. 容纳，使适应acoustic adj. 听觉的acoustic sensor 声传感器，声敏元件acronym n. 首字母缩写词active adj. 主动的，有源的active network 有源网络actuator n. 执行器ad hoc 尤其，特定地address n. 寻址address generators 地址发生器adjoint n., adj. 伴随（的），共轭（的）admissible adj. 可采纳的，允许的advent n. 出现aerodynamic adj. 空气动力学的aerodynamics n. 空气动力学，气体力学aesthetically adv. 美术地，美学地aforementioned adj. 上述的，前面提到的agility n. 灵活，便捷agility n. 灵活，便捷AI 人工智能air gap 气隙airgap = air gap 气隙air-to-close (AC) adj. 气关的air-to-open (AO) adj. 气开的albeit conj. 虽然algebraic equation 代数方程alignment n. 组合all-electric range 全电动行驶里程alleviate v. 减轻，缓和allowance for finish 加工余量alloy n. 合金alnico n. 铝镍钴合金，铝镍钴永磁合金aloft adv. 高高地alphanumeric adj. 字母数字混合的alternative n. 可供选择的办法altitude n. 海拔aluminum n. 铝amortisseur n. 阻尼器amplifier n. 放大器amplify v. 放大amplitude n. 振幅anthropomorphically adv. 拟人地anti-alias filter 抗混叠滤波器APICS = American Production andInventory Control Society 美国生产与库存管理学会apparatus n. 一套仪器，装置approach n. 途径，方法；研究aptness n. 恰当arbitrary adj. 任意的arbitrary adj. 任意的architecture n. 架构archive v. 存档argument n. 辐角，相位arithmetic-logic unit 算术逻辑部件armature n. 电枢，衔铁，加固arrival angle 入射角arrival point 汇合点artificial intelligence 人工智能ASIC = Application SpecificIntegrated Circuit 特定用途集成电路assembly n. 装置，构件assembly line 装配生产线assumption n. 假设asymmetric adj. 不对称的asymptote n. 渐进线asymptotically stable 渐近稳定asynchronous adj. 异步的asynchronous adj. 异步的at rest 处于平衡状态at the most 至多attached adj. 附加的attain v. 达到，实现attenuate v. 减弱attenuation n. 衰减attitude n. 姿态audio adj. 音频的auto-isolation n. 自动隔离autonomous adj. 自治的autonomous adj.自治的，自激的auto-restoration n. 自动恢复供电auto-sectionalizing n. 自动分段auxiliary material 辅助材料axon n. 轴突backlash n. 齿隙游移bandwidth n. 带宽bar code scanner 条码扫描仪baud n. 波特become adept in 熟练bench mark 基准点bias n. 偏压bi-directional adj. 双向的binary adj. 二进制的binary-coded adj. 二进制编码的biomass n. 生物质biopsy n. 活体检查bipolar adj. 双向的BJT 双极结型晶体管blackout n. （大区域的）停电BLDM 无刷直流电动机block diagram algebra 方块图计算（代数）1 / 11boiler n. 汽锅，锅炉Boolean algebra 布尔代数boost chopper 升压式变压器bound v. 限制bracket v. 加括号break frequency 转折频率breakaway point 分离点breakdown n. 击穿，雪崩breakover n. 导通brush n. 电刷buck chopper 降压式变压器building automation 楼宇自动化building automation 楼宇自动化building blocks 积木bulky adj. 庞大的，笨重的bus-compatible adj. 总线兼容的bypass n. 旁路；v. 设旁路by-product n. 副产品CAD = Computer-aided Design 计算机辅助设计CAE = Computer-aided Engineering 计算机辅助工程cage n. 笼子，笼形calibrate v. 校准calibration n. 校准，标度calibration n. 校准，标度calibration n. 校准，检查CAM = Computer-aided Manufacturing 计算机辅助制造can n. 密封外壳CAN 控制器局域网，一种现场总线capacitor n. 电容器carbohydrate n. 碳水化合物carrier n. 载波，载体cascade n., v. 串联；adj. 串联的Cellular telephones 蜂窝电话census n. 人口统计central processing unit (CPU) 中央处理器ceramic adj. 陶瓷的chain n. 串channel n. 信道character recognition 文字识别characteristic adj. 特性(的)；n. 特性曲线characteristic equation 特征方程chlorophyll n. 叶绿素chopper n. 斩波器christen v. 命名为christen v. 命名为CIM = Computer IntegratedManufacturing 计算机集成制造circuit breaker 断路器circuitry n. 电路circumstance n. 状况，环境clamp v. 箝位，定位clock-driven adj. 时钟驱动的clock-driven adj. 时钟驱动的closed-loop n. 闭环close-knit adj. 紧密的close-knit adj. 紧密的CNC = Computer NumericalControl 计算机数字控制cockpit n. 坐舱coefficient n. 系数coil n. 绕组，线圈；v. 盘绕coincide v. 一致combustible adj. 易燃的，可燃的combustion n. 燃烧commercial off the shelf (COTS)商业现货commercially adv. 工业地，商业地commissioning n. 试车，试运转commissioning n. 试车，试运转commit v. 保证common logarithm 常对数commutator n. 换向器，整流器complement v. 补充，求补complex adj. 复数的；n. 复数compound-wound DC motor 复励直流电动机comprehensive adj. 综合（性）的comprehensive adj. 综合（性）的comprise v. 包含computer simulation 计算机仿真concentrated coil 集中绕组conduction n. 导电，传导configuration n. 构造，结构configuration n. 轮廓，格局confine v. 限制（在……范围内）conjugate adj. 共轭的conjunction n. 结合conjunction n. 联合consecutive adj. 连续的console n. 控制台constancy n. 恒定constant matrix 常数矩阵constant-speed adj. 恒速的constitute v. 构造，组织constraint n. 强迫，约束constraint n. 约束条件consuming adj. 控制的continuity n. 连续性continuum n. 连续contour n. 轮廓，外形contradiction n. 矛盾control panel 控制盘controllabillity n. 能控性control-oriented adj. 面向控制的converge v. 汇合converge v. 集中，汇聚，收敛converter n. 逆变器，整流器converter n. 转换器，换流器，变流器conveyor n. 传送带，传送机convolution n. 卷积coordinate n. 坐标，同等的人或物copper-clad n. 镀铜core n. 铁心corresponding adj. 相应的cost-effective adj. 性能价格比2 / 11（高）的coulomb friction 库仑摩擦counterclockwise adj. 逆时针的counterpart n. 对应物，配对物criteria n. 标准criteria n. 判据critically damped 临界阻尼CRM = Customer Relationship Management 客户关系管理crossover frequency 穿越频率CRT 阴极射线管crust n. 外壳crystal n. 晶体CSMA/BA 载波侦听多路访问/位仲裁CSMA/BA 载波侦听多路访问/位仲裁CSMA/CD 载波侦听多路访问/冲突检测CSMA/CD 载波侦听多路访问/冲突检测culmination n. 顶点，极点cumbersome adj. 麻烦的cumulative adj. 累积的curbside n. 路边current-fed inverter 电流源型逆变器custom adj. 定制的cycloconverter n. 交–交变频器cycloconverter n. 周波变换器cylindrical adj. 圆柱形的damp v. 阻尼，减幅，衰减damper winding 阻尼绕组damping n. 阻尼；adj. 阻尼的data acquisition 数据采集data encryption 数字加密data filtering 数字滤波data fusion 数据融合data logging 数据记录dead substation transfer 故障变电站转移deadband n. 死区deadlock n. 死锁，僵局debugging n. 调试decay v. 衰减decibel n. 分贝decimal adj. 十进制的decode v. 解码，译码decompose v. 分解decouple v. 解耦，退耦decrement n. 减少量deduce v. 演绎de-facto adj. 事实上的，实际的deferment n. 延期，暂缓deflection n. 偏（离，差）delta n. 希腊字母（），三角形（物）demagnetization n. 去磁，退磁dendrite n. 树突denominator n. 分母departure angle 出射角dependent variable 应变量depict v. 描述deplete v. 耗尽，使衰竭derivation n. 导数derivation n. 起源，得来destabilize v. 使打破平衡，使不稳定destabilize v. 使打破平衡，使不稳定detector n. 探测器deteriorate v. 恶化，变坏determinant n. 行列式determinism n. 确定性deterministic adj. 确定的deterministic adj. 确定的detractor n. 批评者detrimental adj. 不利的develop v. 导出，引入development system 开发系统deviation n. 偏差diagnosis n. 诊断dial-out 拨叫dictate v. 命令，要求diesel n. 柴油机difference equation 差分方程differential adj. 差的，差别的differential adj. 微分的；n. 微分differential equation 微分方程differentiate v. 微分diode n. 二极管，半导体二极管direct memory access (DMA) 直接存储器访问discontinuity n. 不连续discrete adj. 离散的discrete adj. 离散的discrete adj. 离散的；分离的displace v. 转移display screen 显示屏disrupt v. 干扰，扰乱distortion n. 失真distributed adj. 分散的，分布的distributed parameter 分散参数distribution n. 分配，分布，配电disturbance n. 扰动disturbance n. 扰动disturbance n. 扰动，干扰diversification n. 多样化domain n. 域，领域dominate v. 支配，使服从dominating pole 主极点dope v. 掺入dry friction 干性摩擦dual adj. 双的，对偶的，孪生的dual slop 双积分duplex adj. 全双工的duty ratio 占空比，功率比dynamic response 动态响应dynamics n. 动力学dynamics n. 动态特性eigenvalue n. 特征根eigenvalue n. 特征值（eigen- 特征）elapse v. 经过3 / 11elastic adj. 有弹性的electric charge 电荷electrocardiogram n. 心电图electrochemical adj. 电化学的electrochemical adj. 电化学的electrochemical adj. 电气化学的electroencephalogram n. 脑电图electromechanical adj. 机电的，电机的electronic messages (mail) 电子信息，邮件electrooptical adj. 电光的eliminate v. 消除eliminate v. 消除，对消elongate v. 延长，拉长embark v. 从事，着手emf（electromotive force ) 电动势emitter n. 发射极emulation n. 竞争encircle v. 环绕enclose v. 围绕encoder n. 编码器encompass v. 包含encounter v. 遇到end effector 终端执行机构end-effectors n. 末端执行器ensuing adj. 相继的entail v., n. 负担，需要entry n. 入口equivalent adj. 等价的；n. 等价equivalent adj. 同等的，等效的；n. 同等，等效erasable adj. 可擦除的ERO = Enterprise Resourceoptimization 企业资源优化ERP = Enterprise ResourcesPlanning 企业资源计划estimation n. 预测，估计ethanol n. 乙醇evaluation n. 估计evaporate v. （使）蒸发，（使）变为气体even adj. 偶数的even multiple 偶数倍event-driven adj. 事件驱动的event-driven adj. 事件驱动的evolve v. 开展，进化，逐渐形成excitation n. 激励exploit v. 开发exponential adj. 指数的；n. 指数extreme adj. 极端的；n. 极端的事情/情况fabrication n. 构成，组成，制作facilitate v. 使容易，促进factor n. 因子；v. 分解因式factored adj. 可分解的factory floor 工厂车间fail-closed (FC) adj. 无信号则关的fail-open (FO) adj. 无信号则开的Faraday n. 法拉第fast Fourier transforms 快速傅里叶变换fault tolerant 容错fault tolerant 容错fault-tolerant adj. 容错的feedback n. 反馈ferromagnetic adj. 铁磁性的，铁磁体的fetch v., n. 取来fictitious adj. 假想的field n. 域，字段field winding n. 励磁绕组field-weakening n. 弱磁filter n. 滤波器filter v. 滤波filtering technique 滤波技术final value 终值firing angle 触发角flash converter 闪速转换器fleet n. 车队；adj. 快速的flextime n. 灵活定时上班制floating-point adj. 浮点的flux n. 磁通force commutated 强制换向force-commutation n. 强制换向forcing frequency 强制频率foregoing adj. 前面的，以上的formulation n. 公式化（表达）forward biased 正向偏置fouling n. 阻塞Fourier series 傅里叶级数fraction n. 分数，小数fractional adj. 分数的fractional adj. 小数的frame n. 机壳，机座framework n. 构架，结构freewheeling n. 单向传动fuel cell 燃料电池full-scall adj. 满量程的functionality n. 功能性fundamental n. 基本原理fusion n. 融合fuzzy adj. 模糊的fuzzy adj. 模糊的gain n. 增益galvanometer n. 电流计，安培计gate n. 门，门电路general form 一般形式generalize v. 概括，一般化，普及generalize v. 一般化，普及generator n. 发生器，发电机geologically adv. 地质学地，地质地geometry n. 几何学，几何形状geothermal adj. 地热的germanium n. 锗get around 回避，躲开globally stable 全局稳定gouge v. 挖graphic equalizer 图像均衡器greenhouse n. 温室grid n. 格子，网格gripper n. 抓手，夹持器4 / 11gross national product 国民生产总值ground source heat pump 地源热泵group control system 群控系统guarantee v., n. 保证，担保guidance system 引导（导航）系统habitat n. 栖息地，居留地hairline n. 游丝，细测量线Hamiltonian 哈密尔顿的handheld terminal 手持终端handheld terminal 手持终端handshaking n. 握手hardware n. 硬件hardwired adj. 电路的，硬件连线实现的hard-wired n. 硬接线harmonics n. 谐波harmonics n. 谐波harmonics n. 谐波harmonize v. 协调harness v. 利用harness v. 利用（河流、瀑布等）产生动力(尤指电力)harsh adj. 苛刻的harsh adj. 苛刻的hexadecimal adj. 十六进制的hierarchical adj. 分级的hierarchical adj. 分级的，分层的hierarchy v. 层次，级别hierarchy v. 层次，级别high end 高端Hilbert transforms n. 希尔伯特变换holding current 保持电流homogeneous solution 通解homomorphic processing 同态处理horizontally adv. 水平地horsepower n. 功率horsepower n. 马力，功率hot exchanger 热交换器housekeeping n. 常规事务hub height 塔杆高度humanoid robot 类人机器人Hurwitz criterion 赫尔维茨判据hybrid adj. 混合的hybrid adj. 混合的hybrid n. 混合hydraulic adj. 水力的，液压的hydraulic cylinder 液压缸hydro adj. 水电的hydroelectric adj. 水电的hydro-electric adj. 水力发电的hydrogen n. 氢hysteresis n. 滞回线I/O-mapped adj. 输入/输出映射的（单独编址）identification n. 辨识，识别identify v. 确认，识别，辨识identify oneself with (in) 参与，和……打成一片identity n. 一致性，等式IGBT 绝缘栅双极型晶体管IGCT 集成门极换向晶闸管igit n. 位数imaginary axis 虚轴immerse v. 沉浸，浸入imperfection n. 不完全，不足，缺点implement v. 实现implementation n. 实现，履行imply v. 包含improper integral 奇异（无理）积分impulse v. 冲激in series 串联inactive n. 不活动，停止incidentally adv. 偶然地incline to 倾向于incline to 倾向于incorporation n. 合并，结合increment n. 增量incur v. 招致indentation n. 缺口independent variable 自变量in-depth adv. 深入地induction machine 感应电机inductor n. 电感器infeasible adj. 不可行的infeasible adj. 不可行的infinitesimal adj. 无限小的inherent adj. 固有的inhibit v. 抑制initial condition 初始条件initial value 初值input device 输入设备insensitive adj. 不敏感的insofar as 到这样的程度，在……范围内instruction set 指令集instruction set 指令集instrument n. 仪器，工具instrument transformer 仪表（用）互感器integer n. 整数integral n. 积分integrate v. 积分integrated circuit 集成电路integro-differential equation 微积分方程interactive adj. 交互式的interchangeably adv. 可交换地interconnect v. 互相连接interdisciplinary adj. 跨学科的interface n. 界面interpret v. 解释，解析intersect v. 相交intersection n. 相交，逻辑乘法interval n. 间隔intrinsic adj. 固有的，体内的，本征intrinsic adj. 内在的5 / 11intrusive adj. 侵入的intuition n. 直觉intuitively adv. 直观地inventory n. 仓库管理inverse n. 反，逆，倒数inverse transform 反（逆）变换inverter n. 逆变器irrelevance n. 不相干，不切题irrespective adj. 不考虑的ISDN = Integrate Service Digital Network 综合业务数据网isocline n. 等倾线isolation transformer 隔离变压器isosceles adj. 等腰的IT = Information Technology 信息技术iterative adj. 重复的，反复的Jacobian matrix 雅戈比矩阵JIT = Just-in-time 即时(生产)jitter n. 抖（颤）动，颠簸jitter n. 抖（颤）动，颠簸justify v. 证明kernel n. 内核kinematics n. 运动学Kirchhoff’s first law 基尔霍夫第一定律knowledge-based adj. 基于知识的lag n. 滞后lag v., n. 延迟lagging n. 滞后lagging n. 滞后，迟滞Lagrangian 拉格朗日的laminated adj. 分层的，叠片的landslide n. 泥石流Laplace transformation 拉普拉斯变换latch v. 抓住，占有；n. 寄存器latching current 闭锁电流latent heat 潜伏热latticework n. 格子layout n. 布置，规划，设计，敷设lead n. 超前lead n. 导线lead n. 引线leading adj. 超前的leakage n. 漏leakage current 漏电流lease v. 出租least-significant bit (LSB) 最低有效位Liapunov 李亚普诺夫limit cycle 极限环line to line voltage 线电压linear vector space 线性矢量空间linearazation n. 线性化linearization n. 线性化linearization n. 线性化load flow 潮流load tap changer 负载抽头开关转换器local communication networks 局域网localization n. 定位locally stable 局域稳定location n. （存储）单元look-up table 查询表loop current 回路电流lumped adj. 集中的lumped adj. 集总的lumped adj. 集总的lumped parameter 集中参数machine tool 机床magnetic tape drive 磁带机magnitude n. 幅值mainstream n. 主流mammography n. 胸部透视mandatory adj. 命令的，强制的，托管的manipulate v. 处理manipulated variable 操纵量manipulator n. 操纵型机器人，机器手marshaled n. 整顿，配置marshaled n. 整顿，配置matrix n. 矩阵pl. matricesmatrix n. 模型，矩阵matrix algebra 矩阵代数MCT MOS控制晶闸管mechanical power 机械功率mechanism n. 机理（制），作用，原理mechanize v. 使机械化medium access control (MAC) 媒质访问控制medium access control (MAC) 媒质访问控制memory-mapped adj. 存储器映射的（统一编址）merit n. 优点；指标，准则mesh n. 网孔methanol n. 甲醇micro/nano robot 微/纳米机器人micro-manipulation n. 微操作millennium n. 一千年minimize v. （使）最小化minimum phase 最小相位mirror v. 镜像misinterpretation n. 曲解，误译misleading indication 导致错误的读数model n. 模型v. 建模modeling n. 建模moderate adj. 缓和的moderate adj. 缓和的modification n. 修正，修改modulating n. 调制modulating n. 调制monolithic adj. 单片的more or less 或多或少most-significant bit (MSB) 最高有效位moveable-pointer indicator 动针6 / 11式仪表moveable-scale indicator 动圈式仪表MRAC 模型参考自适应控制MRP = Material Requirements Planning 物料需求计划MRPⅡ= Manufacturing Resource Planning 制造资源计划multiplexer n. 多路器（开关）multiplication n. 复合性multiply v. 加倍，倍增multipoint indictor 多点式仪表multirange indictor 多量程式仪表multistage adj. 多级的，多步的multivariable adj. 多变量的multivariable n. 多变量mundane adj. 平凡的n-dimensional adj. n维的net n. 净值；adj. 净值的network n. 网络，电路network n. 网络，电路neural network 神经网络neuron n. 神经元neutral adj. 中性的；n. 中性线nitrogen n. 氮nonlinear adj. 非线性的nonsalient adj. 非凸起的，隐藏的notch n. 换相点，换级点nullify v. 无效numerator n. 分子numerical adj. 数值（字）的numerical adj. 数字的observability n. 能观性observable adj. 可观测的obsolete adj. 废弃的，淘汰的，过时的ochronous n. 同步的，等时的ochronous n. 同步的，等时的octal adj. 八进制的odd multiple 奇数倍offset n. 静差omit v. 省略on the order of 属于同类的，约为onboard adj. 随车携带的ongoing v. 使机械化ongoing v. 使机械化opcode n. 操作码opening n. 开度open-loop n. 开环operand n. 操作数operational mathematics 工程数学optimal control 最优控制optimal control 最优控制order n. 阶ordinary differential equation 常微分方程organism n. 生物体，有机体orifice n. 孔，口origin n. 原点originate v. 发生oscillation n. 振荡oscillatory adj. 振荡的outage n. 暂时停电outline n. 轮廓；v. 提出……的要点output device 输出设备overdamped adj. 过阻尼的overlap v., n. 重叠override v., n. 超过，压倒overshoot n. 超调overshoot n. 超调量overwhelming adj. 压倒一切的package n. 包parallel n. 类似parameter n. 参数partial differential equation 偏微分方程partial fraction expansion 部分分式展开式particular solution 特解passionate adj. 激烈的passive adj. 被动的，无源的passive network 无源网络patch v. 修补pattern recognition 模式识别peak time 峰值时间pedal n. 踏板performance criteria 性能指标performance index 性能指标periodic adj. 周期性的peripheral n. 外围设备，外设periphery n. 外围permanent-magnet DC motor 永磁直流电动机personnel n. 人员，职员phase n. 状态，相位phase controlled 相控的phase sequence 相序phase-lag n. 相位滞后phase-lead n. 相位超前phase-locked loops 锁相环phase-plane equation 相平面方程philosophy n. 原理，原则photosynthesis n. 光合作用photovoltaic adj. 光电的piecewise adj. 分段的piecewise continuous 分段连续piecewise continuous 分段连续piggy-back adj. 背负式的pilot n. 飞行员planning application 规划申请plant n. 机器，设备被控对象plot v. 绘图n. 曲线图pneumatic adj. 气动的pneumatic adj. 气动的pneumatic adj. 气动的polar plot 极坐标图polarity n. 极性polarity n. 极性pole-top n. 杆顶poll v. 登记，通信，定时询问polling n. 轮询pollutant n. 污染物质polymer n. 聚合物7 / 11polynomial n. 多项式porcelain adj. 瓷制的portability n. 轻便portrait n. 描述portrait n. 肖像，描写，型式positive definite 正定postindustrial adj. 后工业的potassium n. 钾potential n. (电)势power boost 功率助推装置power factor 功率因数power MOSFET 电力MOS场效应晶体管power plant 发电厂preact v.; n. 超前；提前修正量precursor n. 先驱predictable adj. 可断定的prediction n. 预测predominance n. 优势predominantly adv. 卓越地，突出地predominantly adv. 卓越地，突出地preloadable adj. 预载的preset adj. 事先调整的prevalent adj. 流行的prevent…from doing 使……不……primary storage (memory) 主存储器prime mover 原动机principal adj. 主要的private LAN 专用局域网probability theory 概率论procedure n. 程序，过程processor n. 处理器product n. 乘积proliferate v. 激增property n. 性质proponent n. 提倡者proportional to 与……成正比的propulsion n. 推进，推进力protocol n. 协议protocol n. 协议prototype n. 原型（机）proximity sensor 接近传感器PSDN 公共交换数据网Pulsate v. 脉动，跳动，振动pulse-width modulation 脉宽调制punctuation n. 标点符号pyrometric adj. 高温测量的quadrant n. 象限quadratic adj. 二次的；n. 二次方程quadratic adj. 二次方的quadrature encoder 正交编码器qualitatively adv. 定性地quasi adj. 近似的quench v. 熄灭queuing theory 排队论R & D = Research and Development研究与开发rack n. 架子，导轨radically adv. 完全地radioactive adj. 放射性的，有辐射能的radiologist n. 放射线专家radius n. 半径radix n. 权random adj. 随机的rated adj. 额定的，设计的，适用的rationale n. 理论，原理的阐述reachability n. 能达到性reactive organic gas 反应性有机气体real axis 实轴real estate 不动产real estate 不动产real-time adj. 实时的reboot n. 重新启动rechargeable adj. 可再充电的recloser n. 自动重合闸装置（开关）recognition n. 认识recovery n. 恢复rectification n. 整流rectifier n. 整流器recurrent adj. 再发生的，循环的redundancy n. 冗余redundancy n. 冗余regulatory control 调节控制relay n. 继电器relay n. 继电器relentlessly adv. 无情地，残酷地relevance n. 关联remainder n. 余数renewable adj. 可再生的represent v. 代表，表示，阐明representation n. 表示符号request n. 请求reserve capacity 储备功率reset rate 复位速率reset time 复位时间residential property 住宅物业resistance n. 阻抗resistor n. 电阻器resolution n. 分辨率resonance n. 共振，共鸣responsiveness n. 响应retrieval n. 取回，补偿，提取retrieve v. 检索retrofit v. 更新，改进retrospectively adv. 回顾地reusability n. 可用性reveal v. 显现，揭示reverse v., n. 反转；adj. 变换极性的reverse biased 反向偏置revolution n. 旋转rheostat n. 变阻器rigidity n. 严格rigorous adj. 严密的，精确的rim n. 边，轮缘8 / 11ripple n. 波纹，波动RISC = Reduction Instruction Set Computer 精简指令集计算机rise time 上升时间rms = root-mean-square 有效值，方均根robotics n. 机器人学，机器人技术root locus gain 根轨迹增益rotating-dial indicator 旋盘式仪表rotating-drum indicator 旋鼓式仪表rotor n. 转子Routh criterion 劳斯判据routines n. 程序rugged adj. 结实的，耐用的sabotage n. 破坏salient adj. 凸起的，突出的sample v. 采样sample-and-hold n. 采样保持sampled-data n. 采样数据saturation n. 饱和saturation n. 饱和saturation n. 饱和scalability n. 可测量性scalability n. 可测量性scalar adj. 数量的，标量的；n. 数量，标量scale n. 刻度schedule v. 调度scheme n. 方法，形式，示意图schottky diode 肖基特二极管SCM = Supply Chain Management供应链管理seamless adj. 无缝的secondary storage (memory) 辅助存储器secure adj. 可靠的，放心的，无虑的semicircle n. 半圆形semiconductor n. 半导体semigraphic adj. 半图解的semilog paper 半对数坐标（纸）sensor n. 传感器sensor n. 传感器series-wound DC motor 串励直流电动机servo n. 伺服servo control 伺服控制servo control system 伺服控制系统settling time 调节时间shared resource 共享资源shifting theorem 平移定理shunt-wound DC motor 并励直流电动机shutdown v. 关闭sign n. 符号significance n. 意义silicon n. 硅simplicity n. 简单simulation n. 仿真simultaneously adv. 同时地single-precision adj. 单精度的sinusoidal adj. 正弦的SIT 静态感应晶体管sketch v., n. （绘）草图，素描slew rate 转换速度slip n. 转差（率）slop n. 斜率slot n. 槽sluggish adj. 惰性的，缓慢的SMPS 开关电源snubber n. 缓冲器，减震器socket n. 插座socket n. 插座solar collector 太阳能集热器soma n. 体细胞sophisticated adj. 非常复杂、精密或尖端的sophisticated adj. 复杂精密的span n. 测量范围spatial adj. 空间的specification n. （复）规格spectrum n. （光）谱，领域，范围Speech recognition 语音识别spill n. 溢出split adj. 分离的spool v. 绕；n. 卷筒，线圈，阀柱spring n. 弹簧spur v. 刺激SQL 结构化查询语言square root extractor 开方器square-wave n. 方波stability n. 稳定性startup n. 启动state variable 状态变量state-controllable adj. 状态可控（制）的stationary adj. 静态的stator n. 定子status quo n. 现状steady-state n. 稳态steady-state 稳态step n. 阶跃（信号）step motor n. 步进电动机stepper motor 步进电动机stereotyped adj. 僵化的stereotyped adj. 僵化的stiff current source 恒流源stiff voltage source 恒压源stimulus n. 刺激，鼓励stochastic adj. 随机的stored program 存储程序straight-forward adj. 直截了当的，简单的strategic adj. 战略的strategy n. 方法strobe v. 选通，发选通脉冲subharmonics n. 次谐波suboptimal adj. 次优的subscript n. 下标，角注，索引9 / 11subsequent adj. 后序的substation n. 变电站substation load transfer 变电站负荷转移substitute n. 代替substitution n. 代替succeed v. 继……之后，接替successive approximation 逐次逼近superconductive adj. 超导的superimposed adj. 有层次的superimposed adj. 有层次的superposition n. 叠加superposition n. 叠加supersede v. 取代supervision n. 监督, 管理supervision n. 监视supplementary adj. 辅助的suppress v. 抑制susceptive adj. 对……敏感的；易受……影响的suspend v. 悬挂sustain v. 维持switched reluctance machine 开关磁阻电机symbolic adj. 符号的，记号的symmetrical adj. 对称的synapse n. 神经键synchronous condenser 同步调相机synchronous machine 同步电机synchronous speed 同步转速synthesis n. 综合system crash 系统崩溃tackle v. 处理tactile sensor 触觉传感器tangent adj. 切线的，正切的；n.切线，正切tectonic adj. 构造的，建筑的temperature drift 温度漂移temporal adj. 暂时的tenant n. 承租人terminal n. 终端terminal n. 终端（机）terminal n. 终端（机）terminology n. 术语terminology n. 术语学the theory of residues 余数定理theme n. 题目，主题，论文theoretically adv. 理论上thereof adv. 将它（们）thermocouple n. 热电偶thermodynamics n. 热力学thermostat n. 恒温器Thevenin impedance 戴维南电路等效阻抗threshold n. 门限，阈限，极限threshold n. 阈throttle v. 调节（阀门）throttle v. 调节(阀门)，用(阀门)调节thyratron n. 闸流管thyristor n. 晶闸管time-invariant adj. 时不变的time-of-day n. 日历时钟tip n. 顶端tolerant adj. 容许的，容忍的topology n. 拓扑topology n. 拓朴结构topology n. 拓朴结构touch sensor 接触传感器trade deficit 贸易赤字trade off 换取trail-and-error n. 试凑法trajectories n. 轨迹，弹道trajectory n. 轨迹trajectory n. 轨迹trajectory n. 轨迹trajectory n. 轨迹，轨道transducer n. 传感器transducer n. 传感器，变换器transfer function 传递函数transformer n. 变压器transient adj. 暂态的，瞬态的，过渡的transient response 暂态响应transistor n. 晶体管transmitter n. 热敏电阻transparency n. 透明transparency n. 透明transponder n. 发射机应答器transponder n. 发射机应答器transputer n. 晶片机trapezoidal adj. 梯形的tray n. 盘子trench n. 电缆沟triac n. 三端双向晶闸管triangular adj. 三角的turbine n. 涡轮turbine n. 涡轮turn n. 匝数tutorial adj. 指导性的ultimate adj. 临界的unauthorized adj. 未授权的, 未经批准的underdampted adj. 欠阻尼的undergo v. 经历underlying adj. 根本的uniform adj. 一致的uniform adj. 一致的unilateral Fourier integral 单边傅里叶积分unity feedback system 单位反馈系统unparalleled adj. 无比的，空前的upset n. 干扰uranium n. 铀utility n. 公用事业设备vague adj. 含糊的, 不清楚的valid adj. 有效力的valve n. 阀门V AR 静态无功功率variable adj. 变化的，可变的；n.变量10 / 11自动化专业英语教程(王宏文第2版)词汇表课件11 / 11 variable n. 变量variable-speed adj. 变速的variant adj. 不同的，替换的variational adj. 变化的，变种的vector n. 矢量vendor n. 卖主，供应商versus prep. ……对……vertically adv. 垂直地very large scale integrated circuits(VLSI) 超大规模集成电路via prep. 经由vice versa 反之亦然violently adv. 激烈地VIP = very important personvirtual reality 虚拟现实vista n. 展望volatile adj. 易变的volcano n. 火山voltage drop 电压降voltage-fed inverter 电压源型逆变器vortices n. vortex 的复数，旋转体（面）VRM 变磁阻电机VSS 变结构系统vulnerability n. 弱点vulnerability n. 弱点weight n. 权white paper 白皮书winding adj. 缠绕的；n. 线圈，绕组 wiring n. 配线 with respect to 相对于 word length 字长 workhorse n. 重载，重负荷 workstation n. 工作站 wound-rotor n. 绕线转子 XML 可扩展标记语言 yaw n. 偏航 yield v. 推导出，得出。
Closed-loop Control of DC Drivers 直流传动的闭环控制A basic scheme of closed-loop speed control system employing current limit control, also known as parallel current control, is shown in Fig.1-5b-1. ωm*sets the speed reference. A signal proportional to the motor speed is obtained from the speed is obtained from the sped sensor.应用限流控制，也称为并联电流控制的闭环速度控制系统的基本示意图如图1-5B-1所示。
ωm* 为速度参考值。
正比于电机速度的信号可从速度传感器获得。
The speed sensor output is filtered to remove the AC ripple and compared with the speed reference. The speed error is processed through a speed controller. The output of the speed controller Uc adjusts the rectifier firing angle a to make the actual speed close to the reference speed.速度传感器的输出滤除交流波，并与速度参考值比较，速度误差被速度控制器处理，速度控制器的输出uc 调整整流器的触发角α，以使实际的速度接近于参考速度。
The speed controller is usually a PI(proportional and integral ) controller and serves three purpose-stabilizes the drive and adjusts the damping ratio at the desired valued, makes the steady-statespeed-error close to zero by integral action, and filters out noise again due to the integral action.速度控制器通常是PI (比例积分)控制器，具有三种作用——稳定驱动，调整阻尼比到期望值；通过积分作用，使稳态速度误差接近于零；还是由于积分作用，可滤除噪音The drive employs current limit control, the purpose of which is to prevent the current from exceeding safe values. As long as Ia<Ix, where Ix is the maximum permissible value of Ia, the current control loop does not affect the drive operation.传动装置采用限流控制，其目的在于防止电流超出安全值。
《自动化专业英语教程》-王宏文主编-全文翻译PART 1 Electrical and Electronic Engineering BasicsUNIT 1 A Electrical Networks ————————————3B Three-phase CircuitsUNIT 2 A The Operational Amplifier ———————————5B TransistorsUNIT 3 A Logical Variables and Flip-flop ——————————8B Binary Number SystemUNIT 4 A Power Semiconductor Devices ——————————11B Power Electronic ConvertersUNIT 5 A Types of DC Motors —————————————15B Closed-loop Control of DC DriversUNIT 6 A AC Machines ———————————————19B Induction Motor DriveUNIT 7 A Electric Power System ————————————22B Power System AutomationPART 2 Control TheoryUNIT 1 A The World of Control ————————————27B The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation —————29UNIT 2 A Stability and the Time Response —————————30B Steady State—————————————————31UNIT 3 A The Root Locus —————————————32B The Frequency Response Methods: Nyquist Diagrams —————33UNIT 4 A The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Piots —————34B Nonlinear Control System 37UNIT 5 A Introduction to Modern Control Theory 38B State Equations 40UNIT 6 A Controllability, Observability, and StabilityB Optimum Control SystemsUNIT 7 A Conventional and Intelligent ControlB Artificial Neural NetworkPART 3 Computer Control TechnologyUNIT 1 A Computer Structure and Function 42B Fundamentals of Computer and Networks 43UNIT 2 A Interfaces to External Signals and Devices 44B The Applications of Computers 46UNIT 3 A PLC OverviewB PACs for Industrial Control, the Future of ControlUNIT 4 A Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer 49B Understanding DSP and Its UsesUNIT 5 A A First Look at Embedded SystemsB Embedded Systems DesignPART 4 Process ControlUNIT 1 A A Process Control System 50B Fundamentals of Process Control 52UNIT 2 A Sensors and Transmitters 53B Final Control Elements and ControllersUNIT 3 A P Controllers and PI ControllersB PID Controllers and Other ControllersUNIT 4 A Indicating InstrumentsB Control PanelsPART 5 Control Based on Network and InformationUNIT 1 A Automation Networking Application AreasB Evolution of Control System ArchitectureUNIT 2 A Fundamental Issues in Networked Control SystemsB Stability of NCSs with Network-induced DelayUNIT 3 A Fundamentals of the Database SystemB Virtual Manufacturing—A Growing Trend in Automation UNIT 4 A Concepts of Computer Integrated ManufacturingB Enterprise Resources Planning and BeyondPART 6 Synthetic Applications of Automatic TechnologyUNIT 1 A Recent Advances and Future Trends in Electrical Machine DriversB System Evolution in Intelligent BuildingsUNIT 2 A Industrial RobotB A General Introduction to Pattern RecognitionUNIT 3 A Renewable EnergyB Electric VehiclesUNIT 1A 电路电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器、电感器和电容器等元件组成。
PART 1Electrical and Electronic Engineering BasicsUNIT 1A Electrical Networks ————————————3B Three-phase CircuitsUNIT 2A The Operational Amplifier ———————————5B TransistorsUNIT 3A Logical Variables and Flip-flop ——————————8B Binary Number SystemUNIT 4A Power Semiconductor Devices ——————————11B Power Electronic ConvertersUNIT 5A Types of DC Motors —————————————15B Closed-loop Control of DC DriversUNIT 6A AC Machines ———————————————19B Induction Motor DriveUNIT 7A Electric Power System ————————————22B Power System AutomationPART 2Control TheoryUNIT 1A The World of Control ————————————27B The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation —————29UNIT 2A Stability and the Time Response —————————30B Steady State—————————————————31UNIT 3A The Root Locus —————————————32B The Frequency Response Methods: Nyquist Diagrams —————33UNIT 4A The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Piots —————34B Nonlinear Control System 37UNIT 5 A Introduction to Modern Control Theory 38B State Equations 40UNIT 6 A Controllability, Observability, and StabilityB Optimum Control SystemsUNIT 7 A Conventional and Intelligent ControlB Artificial Neural NetworkPART 3 Computer Control TechnologyUNIT 1 A Computer Structure and Function 42B Fundamentals of Computer and Networks 43UNIT 2 A Interfaces to External Signals and Devices 44B The Applications of Computers 46UNIT 3 A PLC OverviewB PACs for Industrial Control, the Future of ControlUNIT 4 A Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer 49B Understanding DSP and Its UsesUNIT 5 A A First Look at Embedded SystemsB Embedded Systems DesignPART 4 Process ControlUNIT 1 A A Process Control System 50B Fundamentals of Process Control 52UNIT 2 A Sensors and Transmitters 53B Final Control Elements and ControllersUNIT 3 A P Controllers and PI ControllersB PID Controllers and Other ControllersUNIT 4 A Indicating InstrumentsB Control PanelsPART 5 Control Based on Network and InformationUNIT 1 A Automation Networking Application AreasB Evolution of Control System ArchitectureUNIT 2 A Fundamental Issues in Networked Control SystemsB Stability of NCSs with Network-induced DelayUNIT 3 A Fundamentals of the Database SystemB Virtual Manufacturing—A Growing Trend in AutomationUNIT 4 A Concepts of Computer Integrated ManufacturingB Enterprise Resources Planning and BeyondPART 6 Synthetic Applications of Automatic TechnologyUNIT 1 A Recent Advances and Future Trends in Electrical Machine DriversB System Evolution in Intelligent BuildingsUNIT 2 A Industrial RobotB A General Introduction to Pattern RecognitionUNIT 3 A Renewable EnergyB Electric VehiclesUNIT 1A 电路电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器、电感器和电容器等元件组成。
UNIT 1A 电路电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器、电感器和电容器等元件组成。
如果网络不包含能源，如电池或发电机,那么就被称作无源网络.换句话说，如果存在一个或多个能源,那么组合的结果为有源网络。
在研究电网络的特性时，我们感兴趣的是确定电路中的电压和电流。
因为网络由无源电路元件组成，所以必须首先定义这些元件的电特性.就电阻来说，电压—电流的关系由欧姆定律给出，欧姆定律指出：电阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。
在数学上表达为：u=iR （1-1A—1）式中 u=电压，伏特;i =电流,安培；R = 电阻，欧姆。
纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义，法拉第定律指出：电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率.因此可得到：U=Ldi/dt 式中 di/dt = 电流变化率，安培/秒； L = 感应系数，享利。
电容两端建立的电压正比于电容两极板上积累的电荷q .因为电荷的积累可表示为电荷增量dq的和或积分，因此得到的等式为 u= ，式中电容量C是与电压和电荷相关的比例常数。
由定义可知，电流等于电荷随时间的变化率，可表示为i = dq/dt。
因此电荷增量dq 等于电流乘以相应的时间增量，或dq = i dt，那么等式（1—1A—3) 可写为式中 C = 电容量，法拉.归纳式（1-1A—1)、（1—1A—2) 和 (1-1A-4)描述的三种无源电路元件如图1-1A—1所示。
注意，图中电流的参考方向为惯用的参考方向，因此流过每一个元件的电流与电压降的方向一致。
有源电气元件涉及将其它能量转换为电能，例如，电池中的电能来自其储存的化学能,发电机的电能是旋转电枢机械能转换的结果。
有源电气元件存在两种基本形式：电压源和电流源。
其理想状态为:电压源两端的电压恒定,与从电压源中流出的电流无关。
因为负载变化时电压基本恒定，所以上述电池和发电机被认为是电压源。
另一方面，电流源产生电流,电流的大小与电源连接的负载无关。
UNIT 3A Renewable EnergyA 可再生能源Introduction to Renewable Energy可再生能源简介The combustion of fossil fuels for the purpose of energy generation is a major contributor to climate change. The burning of coal, oil and gas generates carbon dioxide—one of the major greenhouse gases thought to cause global warming.为产生能源的矿物燃料的燃烧是气候发生变化的主要原因。
煤、油和气体燃烧产生的二氧化碳——引起全球变暖的主要导致温室效应的气体之一。
In order to tackle climate change and create a sustainable energy future we urgently need to reduce energy use, by adopting more efficient technologies, and to generate energy from renewable sources, which release much less, or no, carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.为了解决气候改变、找到一种将来使用的绿色能源，我们迫切需要采取更有效的技术降低能源使用，从可再生物质中产生能量，释放更少或不释放二氧化碳进入大气层。
Renewable energy technologies, (such as wind, wave, tidal, hydro, solar and biomass—the growing and burning of crops for energy generation) can provide “clean” carbon-free sources of energy, as an alternative to fossil fuels (gas/oil/coal), which traditionally dominate heating and electricity generation. (With the exception of Biomass energy, which does release carbon dioxide, but it is only returning to the atmosphere as much as wa s removed through photosynthesis during the plant’s lifetime.[1] 可再生能源技术，（诸如风、海浪、潮汐、水力发电和生物能——栽培和燃烧农作物而发能）可提供“清洁的”无碳能源，作为矿物燃料（气/油/煤）的替代物，它通常用于加热和发电。
