中医英语翻译标准化原则研究

1136　环球中医药2016年9月第9卷第9期　Global Traditional Chinese Medicine,September 2016,Vol.9,No.9Clarity and Grace)[6]的基础上,针对欧洲委员会的文件起草和翻译活动,编写了手册以指导欧盟内的文件写作与翻译㊂手册包括10个Hints 以及Online EU draft aids,从文本角度介绍篇章结构㊁句子㊁语态以及用词等要求,其中Hint2:Focus on the reader;Hint 6:Cut out excess noun;Hint8:Prefer active verbs to passive 等章节从新的角度诠释了文本翻译,也从一个全新的角度解读中医翻译㊂2　用英文写作的原则指导中医翻译理想的译文,应看不出翻译的痕迹,就像用母语直接写出来的那样㊂也就是说,应当把翻译看成一种写作的方式,只不过译者表达的不是自己的思想,而是他人的思想㊂既然翻译也是一种写作方式,那么所有的写作原则都应适用于翻译[7]㊂读者阅读中医文献的目的往往不是词㊁句,而是阅读整部文献,因此从语篇角度规约文本的写作原则,同样适用于中医翻译㊂2.1　读者为本手册中Hint 2:Focus on the reader,强调以读者为本㊂手册写到: always bear in mind the people you’re writing for:not your committee,your boss,or the reviser of your translation,but the end users.”任何译者在翻译或写作之前,首先要考虑读者是谁,并根据读者的需求,采取适合读者需求的写作或翻译策略,也就是译者应有 受众意识”㊂中医文献的受众大致分为三类:(1)海外中医从业者;(2)中医爱好者,对中医有一定的了解,但很有限;(3)潜在的中医受众㊂第一类人员,主要为海外中国医师和华侨,外国人主要是系统学习过中医的人员,母语为中文或精通中文;第二㊁三类人是中医受众的主要部分,其母语是英语,这一部分人群也是中医翻译的主要目标人群㊂中医是融合了文学㊁哲学等多种中国文化元素的人文医学㊂在当前形势下,中医除本身的医学功能外,还是 中国文化的先行者”,肩负着传播中国文化的任务㊂怎样翻译中医文献,特别是中国文化负载词与中医特有的概念,一直是翻译研究与争论的焦点㊂中医翻译策略讨论的焦点主要集中在 归化”与 异化”两方面㊂ 归化”:以目的语为依归㊂把中医特有概念以及中国文化元素尽量变为西方的东西,使读者能够接受,缺陷是弱化了中国文化; 异化”: 以我为准”[8],传达中医以及中国文化精髓,对于没有对等词的中医特有概念,多采用音译,译文生硬,较难吸引潜在的读者㊂对中医翻译而言,翻译策略不是简单的 归化”与 异化”,而是以读者能够读懂㊁接受的方式传达中医文化㊂译文应以修补改善西方普通大众读者对中国传统文化知之甚少的 缺点”为出发点,根据受众和相关制约因素,有针对性地巧妙设计译文话语,在满足受众预期的同时,给予他们新的预期,用他们容易接受的方式,向他们展示中国文化的精华[9],是一个双赢的过程㊂如: 气”译语的形成过程㊂→chi→air→refined substance→vital energy →material force→etherqi”气”指构成人体并维持人体生命活动的精微物质,是道家 气”概念在医学领域中的应用,属于中医文化独有的概念㊂学者们(极有可能是早期进入中国的西医学者)最初在介绍这个概念时,由于无法找到对应语,只得采用音译chi ,作为一种保全异质文化的译法㊂虽然译者主观上想全面传达 气”的概念,但当时世界对中医知之甚少,也缺乏系统的研究,对于没有中医背景的读者,无法从这个译语上了解其所蕴含的丰富意义,达到中西医交通的目的,因此逐渐被淘汰㊂取而代之的是另一译语air,虽然这个译语并不准确,但对于国外读者,比chi 容易理解㊂随着中医影响逐渐扩大,人们开始关注中医,研究 气”并逐步改善译语,refined substance 侧重 精微物质”;但 气”所包含的意义不止这些㊂随后出现vital energy,译语侧重核心概念 气机”,较之前几个译语有了较大改善,但 气”与自然的关系尚未得到很好的体现;随后出现ether 以及其他侧重宇宙万物的译语,最终形成了能为读者普遍接受的音译qi,在受众接受的条件下,较完整地传达了中医文化概念㊂气”的译语最初与现在都是音译(chi →qi),有时也用Qi㊂从最初不能接受音译到音译成为固定译语之间是一个异化→归化→异化的过程㊂最初音译chi,由于受到当时社会环境的限制以及缺少中医氛围的影响,读者不能理解译语所传达的意义,译语被淘汰㊂之后采用的都是 归化”译法,阐述了 气”的特质,有些译语并不准确,但读者凭借它对中医进一步了解,之后对译语不断选择修正,直至相对精准以致 异化”的过程㊂读者在这个过程中逐步加深对中医的理解,满足了其心理预期,译者也实现了传达中医文化的目的㊂从 气”的译文演变过程可以看出不考虑跨文化因素以及读者的认知情况,直接采取 异化”策略,译语显得生硬㊁可读性差,不能起到交流的作用,最终被取代㊂对异质文化的接受,是读者对异质文化有认同,并在一定理解的基础之上实现的㊂费孝通教授指出: 今天不同文明之间交流的一个关键,是努力了解 他人’的语言㊁传统,做到设身处地地用当地人的眼光来看待周围的事物 这本身就是对 异文化’的尊重和对 异文化’开放的心态㊂”[11]读者为本”的根本目的在于实现并促使受众接受中华文化,改变自己原来的看法㊁态度或行为㊂为了完成这一根本任务,译者有必要采取各种有效的说服手段㊂中医文化的传播是一个渐进的过程,需要译者精心设计,了解如何针对特定受众调整自己的话语以达到翻译目的,采用受众容易接受的方式积极加以引导,扩大受众视域,达到双赢㊂2.2　使用动词,减少多余名词,使句子简洁手册Hint 6:Cut out excess noun verb forms arelivelier 中写到: Verbs are more direct and less abstract than nouns.”强调在行文中使用动词,这里说的动词也包括非谓语动词㊂中医名词术语的翻译侧重使用名词以及名词短语,译语往往较长㊂如:在较为流行的几部汉英中医词典中, 辨证论治”和 八纲辨证”分别被译为determination of treatment based环球中医药2016年9月第9卷第9期　Global Traditional Chinese Medicine,September2016,Vol.9,No.91137on differentiation of syndromes和analysis and differentiation of pathologic conditions in accordance with eight principal syndromes,当这些术语用于句子以及文献翻译时易产生文本译语冗长㊁层次不清㊁译文歧义㊁文本可读性差等问题㊂英语动词的主要功能是担任谓语以构成句子㊂非谓语动词虽然不能担任谓语,但其具有动词的特点,例如及物动词后接宾语,并有各种时态语态等;名词是事物的名称,是静态词汇㊂当句子中名词成分过长时,句子没有层次,语意不清㊂因此在翻译中使用动词以及具有动词特征的非谓语动词可以突出句子结构层次,使句子各成分之间指代清楚,避免歧义,增加译文的可读性㊂手册给出了一些具体建议如: by the introduction of→by introducing;submit an application for→apply for等㊂下面请看两个例子㊂2.2.1　实例一　原文:在古代唯物论和辩证法思想的影响和指导下,通过长期的医疗实践,它(中医)逐步形成并发展成为独特的医学理论体系,为中国人民的保健事业和中华民族的繁衍昌盛做出了巨大的贡献[12]㊂原译:Under the influence and guidance of the ancient Chinese materialism and dialectics,and through long term medical practice,traditional Chinese medicine was gradually established and developed into a unique medical system and made great contributions to the healthcare course of the Chinese people and prosperity and development of the Chinese nation.改译:Influenced by classical Chinese materialism and dialectics and improved through long term medical practice, traditional Chinese medicine has eventually evolved into a medical system with unique theory,contributing a great deal to the healthcare of Chinese people and development of Chinese na⁃tion.注解:本句的变化主要通过把under the influence and guidance of和made great contributions短语转化为influenced by和contributing,并增加了improved,使得主句修饰成分由主句之外三个分词短语引导,因而变得更加清晰㊁有层次㊂2.2.2　实例二　原文:中医药学是以整体观念为主导思想,以脏腑经络的生理和病理为基础,以辨证论治为诊疗特点的医学理论体系[13]㊂原译:Traditional Chinese medicine is a medical system characterized by the concept of organic wholeness as its principal theory,the viscera and channels as its physiological and pathological basis,and treatment based on syndrome differentiation as its diagnostic and therapeutic features.(40 words)改译:The idea of organic wholeness plays a dominant role in traditional Chinese medicine,which,physiologically and path⁃ologically based on the states of the viscera and channels,is mainly characterized by treatment according to syndrome differ⁃entiation.(35words)注解:改译后的句子字数与原句字数相差不多,只是把 以脏腑经络的生理和病理为基础,以辨证论治为诊疗特点的医学理论体系”用动词体现,处理为一个定语从句,把原译中主句的修饰成分融入从句中,使原文在一个主句㊁一个从句中展开,层次清晰㊁意思简洁㊂李照国教授在论中医翻译时提出 中医翻译简洁性原则”,指出 中医用语的特点是简明扼要,将其翻译成英语或其他语言理应保持这一特点”[14]㊂中医翻译的基础 中医名词术语的翻译主要是将其译为名词以及名词词组,因此在篇章层面上,适当使用这些术语的动词及其变体是实现中医翻译简洁化的一种有效策略㊂使用动词,减少多余名词不仅有助于句子简洁㊁清晰,也在一定程度上简洁了文本,达到手册强调的Keep it short and simple原则,并为翻译词汇的选择提供了一种新的视角,也从另一个侧面印证了中医翻译的简洁性原则,对中医英语翻译具有较大启示作用㊂2.3　使用主动语态手册Hint8:Prefer active verbs to passive,提出在写作与翻译时多用主动语态㊂被动句虽然有突出主语的作用,但易造成句子结构失衡,影响理解㊂重要的一点是在某些场合下被动语态会有混淆㊁逃避责任,模糊概念之嫌,如:In decocting,the routine procedures were neglected,此句中,作者为了避免说出谁破坏了程序而使用了被动句㊂现代科技英语中,使用主动语态已形成一种趋势㊂主动语态可以明确动作的实施者,并在语篇中起到句式变化的作用,使文献具有一种 素雅之美”㊂‘美国医学协会编辑手册“(The American Medical Association Manual of Style)指出 In general,the active voice is preferred,except in instances in which the actor is unknown or the interest concerns what is acted on.”[15]㊂由于国内医学写作信息相对滞后,相当部分的英语语言学者仍认为被动语态的使用是医学英语的一个显著语言特征[16]㊂中医文献隶属医学范畴,中文的 意合”语言特质使中医翻译积极使用被动语态以彰显其医学属性㊂中医原文中经常出现的无主句等句式,一般都译为被动句,但事实上主动句也是可接受的㊂下面就以倪毛信和吴连胜㊁吴奇父子的两个‘黄帝内经“著名译本中‘素问㊃阴阳应象大论“里的一句话举例说明㊂2.3.1　实例一　原文:故物生谓之化,物极谓之变,阴阳不测谓之神,神用无方谓之圣㊂译文1(被动):The growth of all things is called the trans⁃formation,when the growth develops into its extreme stage,it is called the change,when the change of Yin and Yang becomes unanticipated,it is called divinity,when the property of the divinity is changing constantly,it is sacred[17].译文2(主动):Within the dynamic principles lies an intelligence that is difficult to know.The birth and growth of the myriad things we call hua.Growth to the extreme point we call bian.The mysteries of Yin and Yang are not graspable.We call this shen.To be able to grasp the underlying principles,and to1138　环球中医药2016年9月第9卷第9期　Global Traditional Chinese Medicine,September2016,Vol.9,No.9be capable of applying them flexibly is called sheng.This means sage or wise ones[18].注解:译文1按照中文句式主要采用被动句式,并按照排比关系展开,有较强的修辞韵味;译文2没有完全遵循中文句式而是将译文处理为主动句式㊂两个译文各有所长,接受度都很高㊂因此,中医翻译时,可根据需要把中文的特殊句式译为英文主动句式,丰富译文句式,提高译文可读性㊂Hadllidy的系统功能语法理论认为,主位(theme)是已知信息,通常是句首的主语,述位(rheme)是未知信息位于主位之后[19]㊂Mona Baker认为述位的语篇价值比主位更高,因为信息核心内容都在述位[20]㊂从这个意义上讲,采用主动句,可突出研究发现,使表达更加简练㊂强调使用主动语态,并不意味着不能使用被动语态㊂But you don’t have to avoid passives at all costs.They can be useful,for example when there’s no need to say who is responsible for the action because it’s obvious.而应根据译文需要灵活选择句式㊂请看下面的例子㊂2.3.2　实例二　原文:一难曰:十二经皆有动脉,独取寸口,以决五脏六腑死生吉凶之法,何谓也?译文:Question one:All the twelve meridians have their own corresponding arteries,why only cunkou is selected for diagnosing visceral diseases and making prognosis as well?注解:本句 取”穴之人,人所共知,因此,采用被动语态则更为简洁㊂从语篇层面上看,在翻译中医句子时,有些句式可根据需要以主动语态译出,使文字简洁㊁清晰㊁表达有力㊂在医学文献中不单纯依赖于某一句型或语态格式,交替使用主动㊁被动语态以及其他句型,既能满足意义表达,又避免了频繁使用单元句型或语态,提升译文质量㊂3摇结语在理论层面通过对手册中主要观点的分析,可以看出手册同样对中医翻译具有指导意义㊂目前中医英译的相关研究主要集中在术语的翻译上,中医术语标准化的研究也集中在词和词组的翻译层面㊂手册从语篇角度审视译文的段落㊁句子以及词汇,并提出了一系列全新的概念如:使用动词;使用主动句式;用词具体㊁不要抽象等,为中医翻译的研究与术语标准的制定提供了一种新的参照㊂手册中的重要观点与中医翻译理论㊁跨文化交流理论与语言学相关理论相契合,在指导中医翻译上有一定学术价值㊂翻译是写作的一种形式,英文写作策略与翻译策略之间的关系应该是global与local的关系,从写作角度指导翻译侧重整体表达,而翻译策略更侧重具体词句,二者结合能够促进中医翻译质量的提高㊂中医翻译研究在实践层面较少具体的指导,因此手册的具体规定对中医翻译实践具有指导意义如:读者为本(reader first),制定了译文的最终走向;使用动词,减少多余名词(cut out excess noun)使译文简洁;使用主动语态可对科技英语中被动语态的使用有新的认识;用词要具体不要抽象,明确了选词的原则等㊂此外手册还对文本的长度㊁句子的字数等提出具体要求,对中医翻译实践有较强的指导作用,对中医药出口文件的制备也有重要参考价值㊂参考文献[1]　牛喘月.再论中医英语翻译的原则[J].中西医结合学报,2004,(3):235⁃238.[2]　世界卫生组织(西太平洋地区).WHO西太平洋地区传统医学名词术语国际标准[S].北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009.[3]　世界中医药学会联合会.中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.[4]　Directorate⁃general for translation,European commission.Fightthe Fog:How to Write Clearly[S].http://ec.europs.eu/translation,2010.[5]　Martin Cutts.The Plain English Guide[M].Oxford:OxfordUniversity Press,1996.[6]　Joseph M.Williams.Style:Toward Clarity and Grace[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1995. [7]　李长栓.非文学翻译[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2009:49⁃50.[8]　李贵生,张德福.宣传中华文化应 以我为准” 对‘对十二生肖汉英翻译的思考“一文的商榷[J].中国翻译,2011,(4):84⁃87.[9]　陈小慰.对外宣传翻译中的文化自觉与受众意识[J].中国翻译,2013,(2):95⁃100.[10]　王彬,叶小宝.中医典籍中 气”的源流与翻译探析[J].中国翻译,2014,(2):107⁃110.[11]　费孝通.费孝通论文化与文化自觉[M].北京:群言出版社,2005:533.[12]　李照国.中医常用语句英译探析(一)[J].中西医结合学报,2008,6(1):107⁃110.[13]　李照国,朱忠宝.中医英语翻译技巧训练[M].上海:上海中医药大学出版社,2002:28.[14]　牛喘月.再论中医英语翻译的原则[J].中西医结合学报,2004,2(3):235⁃238.[15]　American Medical Association.American Medical AssociationManual of Style(9th edition)[M].Baltimore:Williams&Wilkins,1998:191.[16]　赵娟,吴涛.中外医学论文中被动语态㊁主动语态使用的比较分析[J].中国科技期刊研究,2009,20(4):734⁃737. [17]　Ni Maoshing.The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Medicine[M].USA:Shambala Publications,1995:127.[18]　Wu Liansheng&Wu Qi.The Yellow Emperor’s Classic InternalMedicine[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,1997:26.[19]　Halliday.An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M].London:Edward Amold,1994:36.[20]　Baker M.In Other Words:A Course Book on Translation[M].London:Routledge,1992:125⁃131.(收稿日期:2015⁃11⁃21)(本文编辑:韩虹娟)。

基于中医术语规范化的中医英语教学探讨随着中医在国际上的普及和影响力的不断扩大，中医英语教学也逐渐成为热门话题。

然而，中医英语教学面临的一大难题是如何将中医的专业术语精准地翻译成英语。

这对于教师和学生来说都是一个巨大的挑战，因为中西医学理论基础存在很大的差异，很难直接对应。

因此，本文探讨基于中医术语规范化的中医英语教学方法，以提高中医英语的专业性和准确性。

一、规范中医术语翻译中医术语是中医学的基础，是理解和掌握中医学的关键。

因此，准确地翻译中医术语是中医英语教学的首要任务。

但是，由于中医术语的特殊性，翻译存在很大的误差和歧义。

为了规范中医术语的翻译，在中医英语教学中应该采用以下方法：（1）寻找官方术语，比较各种翻译中医术语的翻译多种多样，没有固定的标准。

因此，中医英语教学应该关注官方术语的使用。

在翻译中医术语时，教师和学生应该多方比较各种翻译，尤其是官方术语和学术界公认的术语，选择最准确、规范的翻译方式。

（2）建立中西医学对照表中西医学之间存在很大的理论差异，很多中医概念在西医学中找不到对应的术语。

因此，建立中西医学对照表是中医英语教学的一个必要步骤。

对照表可以将中医学的概念与西医学的概念进行对照，帮助教师和学生更好地理解中医学的概念和理论。

（3）避免音译或直接翻译中医术语的翻译不能简单地采用音译或直接翻译的方式，因为这种方式容易产生歧义和误导。

例如，“活血化瘀”翻译成“circulate blood and eliminate stasis ”，可能误导学生将中医概念简单地等同于西医术语。

正确的翻译应尽可能保留中医概念的文化内涵。

二、对学生实施中医英语教育传统上，中医学专业只注重中文的授课，而忽视了外语的培养。

然而，随着中医学的国际化趋势，学生必须具备中文和英文两种语言的能力。

因此，中医英语教育的实施对于学生的综合能力提升非常重要。

为了实现这一目标，中医英语教育应注意以下几点：（1）提高学生英语水平和专业能力中医英语教育应以提高学生英语水平和专业能力为目标。

第16卷 第2期 安 徽 中 医 学 院 学 报 V ol16 N o2 1997年 JOU RNA L OF A NHU I T CM CO LL EG E 1997中医英译中医英译中的问题、难点与原则陈家旭(北京中医药大学 北京 100029)关键词:中医英泽中图法分类号:H314.91 中医英译的意义中医药学是一个伟大的宝库,为世界医学的重要组成部分。

随着医药卫生的对外交流,中医药的神奇临床疗效和独特的理论体系已越来越引起国际上的重视,这方面的国际交流日趋频繁。

为了准确地将中医药学的理论、实践与科研成果介绍到国外,使国外学者能正确理解,促进国际学术交流,可以说,中医英译问题是中医药走向世界的桥梁。

因此,中医药的英译规范化问题已迫在眉睫。

据谭毅等1!统计,对1988~1990年美国∀医学文献索引#(Index Medicus,IM)收载∀中西医结合杂志#∃临床论著%的文献分析,被IM 收载率高达95.6%,作者认为这似与原文是否有英文摘要有关。

我国有关中医药、中西医结合的科研论文绝大多数在国内以中文形式发表,可见若有英文题录、摘要、关键词等,亦可被国外文献索引工具所收载,从而可以让世人了解我国中医药科研动态和水平。

此外,随着外国留学中医人数的逐年增多,为适应教育的需要也必须编写高质量英语版中医系列教材。

这项工作已经开展,但是否适合于教学或作参考书籍,还有待评估。

2 中医英译存在的问题目前,就笔者所见,国内所出版的中医药汉英、英汉词典有:谢竹藩等2!主编的∀汉英常用中医药词汇#,广州中医学院3!编写的∀汉英常用中医词汇#,1987年人民卫生出版社出版的∀汉英医学大词典#4!,王宝祥等5!主编的∀汉英双解实用中医词汇#,郑凤钦6!主编的∀汉英英汉中医大辞典#等。

各词典所收集的中医词条极不统一和不规范,英译问题就更大。

国内出版的中医英语工具书以∃汉英%形式居多。

郑凤钦6!认为尚有以下三大不足:&缺乏表达式样的多样性。

English translation of the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine AnalysisChinese medicine foreign exchange and business activities have become increasingly frequent, while the English translation of traditional Chinese medicine is Chinese Medicine with the rest of the world exchange a link. How to master Chinese translator English translation of the principles and techniques? What is English translation of the principles of traditional Chinese medic ine? English translation of this paper, analysis of practice in traditional Chinese medicine, try to put the principles of traditional Chinese medicine in English translation. According to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine in English translation, Chinese English translation should observe the following principles: loyalty (faithfulness), accurate (exactness), Unity (consistency). English translation of traditional Chinese medicine "a faithful, accurate and unified" principle, fundamentally speaking, is to adapt to the Chinese language and content specificity. The translation of the standard is basically reflects the transformation of Chinese-English language standards, to meet the standards for Chinese-English translation of the special needs. An English translation of traditional Chinese medicine, "faith" principle and application of traditional Chinese medicine in the English translation of "faithful" is rightly the original language of the express language of the translation. The "faithful" not demanding the same grammar and sentence structure, but requires Information on the connotation of the same weight. Literary Translation in the "similar" or "close" statement can not be set into the English translation of traditional Chinese medicine in the "faithful." Rely on information transmission are equal, that is, the information equivalent, rather than simply "semantic equivalence" [1]. See the following translation of "faithful" on the problem: the original: As the ferrite weak stomach, or blood loss Shangyin long illness, caused by Yinxue lack of cell pulse dystrophy. The original translation: The disease results from chronic splenogastric as2t henia, or yin2blood consumption by bleeding wit h chronic ill2ness, leading to insufficiency and failure to nourish t he uterinecollaterals. On the surface, yet fluent translation. In comparing the "true" principle, we find that the lack of a number of points: First, the original "Yinxue" The information in the translation as "yin2blood", actually "Yinxue" refers to the "blood", translation can not be "Yin" also translated them. "Yin2blood" is clearly the concept of repetition. The second, "Yinxue deficient" refers to blood deficiency, with the insufficiency of the translation misleading impression that there is substantial lack of human blood. In fact, "blood deficiency" does not necessarily the actual reduction of blood volume. Hemopenia can be used to translate the word. The sentence should be translated as follows: new translations: The disease results from chronic splenogastric as2t henia, or yin2consumption by bleeding wit h chronic illness, leading to hemopenia and failure to nourish t he uterine collater2als.2 English translation of traditional Chinese medicine "accurate" principle and application of Chinese English translation of "accurate" principle means: the translator that will convert the contents of the original language to the language translation process of the contents of selected words accurately express the concept of precise, complex and were referred to the right. Literary Translation often encountered exaggeration, metaphor, metonymy and other modification method, the concept of expression is not necessarily very accurate. English translation of traditional Chinese medicine involving the contents of the serious and specific, not the translator on the casual expression. With this principle as the core, you can regulate the current English translation of traditional Chinese medicine practice, some of the less "accurate" translation. Such as: Original: If the gasification dysfunction, will affect the qi, blood, body fluid metabolism, affecting digestion and absorption of dietary compounds affect the sweat, urine and feces excretion, and thus form a variety ofmetabolic disorders. The original translation: The disorder of qi activity can affec t themetabolism of qi, blood and body fluid, affect t he digestion andabsorption of food, and affect sweating, urination and defeca2tion, resulting in various metabolic diseases. Translation will appear in the original three " impact ", all translated, appeared stiff, does not meet the language used in English. To avoid these problems, according to the actual semantics of the original three synonyms were used to translate "impact", affect, impair, inhibit accurate expression of the concept of a complete solution to the problem. The sentence should be translated as follows: new translations: The disorder of qi activity can affect themetabolism of qi, blood and body fluid, impair t he digestion andabsorption of food, and inhibit t he excretion of sweat, urine andfeces, resulting in various metabolic diseases. Chinese English translation of "accurate" principle embodied in the choice of words on the first. And accurate selection of translation words is based on correct understanding of the original. More than just the choice of words from English dictionary to find the corresponding words only. It reflects the translators of the Chinese medicine knowledge and understanding of the depth of Chinese-English bilingual glossary. For example: Original: Semi-pin, one of the ancient practice of acupuncture, which is characterized as a shallow stab and was only half the normal depth, a needle quickly. Translation: "Half2needling" is one of the ancient needingmanipulations, characterized by shallow needling at only halft he usual dept h wit h quick wit hdrawal. Chinese term "acupuncture" in a different mix of English have different expressions. needling is a common translation, acupuncture, and puncture for the more formal concepts such as acupuncture (acupuncture), acupuncture body position (acupuncture pos2ture), acupuncture anesthesia (acupuncture anest hesia), acupuncture (acupuncturet herapy) and so on. This translation, according to the principle of an accurate choice of English words, choose the needling. Translation, only in accordance with its connotations of "accurate" choice of English words in order to ensure that information and concepts of the corresponding conversion. Sometimes, the original lacks accuracy, according to the translator if the original hard-translation, translation will inevitably lead to ambiguity. In this case, the translator also responsible for the verification of the original concept, to determine the original meaning of the task. English Translation of the many errors in traditional Chinese medicine seems to be caused by the original. Some of the original concept and expression does not give rise to misunderstanding the original readers, but the literal translation in the past may make the reader misunderstanding. Only to verify the original translator, accurate translation, translation will reduce the ambiguity. For example: Original: its symptoms of cold and heat exchanges, Xiong Xie bitter full, upset hi vomit quietly do not want to diet, mouth pain throat, dizziness, pulse string and so on. PRESIDENT: Its topical symptoms are alternative chills and fever, hypochondriac and t horacic stuffiness, irascibility, frequent hic2cups, depression, poor appetite, somatic bitterness, dry t hroat, blurred vision and a tense pulse. Text used the word "bitter Xiongxie Man" The term "hard over" to describe the extreme discomfort Xiongxie sense of fullness, vague concepts, translation using the stuffiness, general translation of this concept, so that the original fuzzy get an accurate translation. Chinese English translation of "accurate" principle, the main text and the translation is to provide an accurate flow of conceptual terms, but does not require the wording and Structure of the corresponding surface. To achieve translation of "accurate", the translator should be a solid way to learn Chinese and English language expertise. Similarly, a concept in a different language environment requires a different expression. Translator grasp the translation of "accurate" is just to the original text in translation smooth and appropriate. The general literature on Chinese-English translation, the translator often from an entry on theChinese-English dictionary effectively to find a few translations, a brief screening requirements can be selected. Traditional Chinese medicine is definitely not like the English translation of Chinese-English dictionary from the options that simple. The translator must be based on traditional Chinese medicine expertise to make a choice of English, some word equivalent on the surface actually is a big difference. Some English words, the translator that can translate a text for the concept, but the reader is asked not understand. Chinese English translation of the concept of more stringent limits, but also to the translator's knowledge of languages other than put a higher demand. Meet the need for a translator is only a general understanding of the English word, is far from the English translation of Chinese medicine practitioners, Chinese English translation must be consistent with the needs of English readers. The translator can make the right choice is the key not only to be familiar with traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese, but also be familiar with traditional Chinese medicine in English. 3 English translation of traditional Chinese medicine "unified" principle and the use of TCM English translation of "unity" principle, which is Chinese-English translation of terminology in the translation process at all times should maintain a unified, does not allow arbitrary transformations of the same terminology translation. Of course, Chinese English translation of the "unified" principle to some extent dependent on the concerted efforts of the translator as well as the general authority of department of uniform provisions. Some words in his popularity is often the initial cause trouble to the translators. In the end these words to what to say, really easy, so the translator had to demonstrate their individual had. Such as the Chinese term "triple burner" had been variously translated: triple energizer, tri2energizer, the Sanjiao, the warmers, the heaters and so on. Such non-uniform phenomenon, so that we spend much effort to understand the relevance of the various translations. The World Health Organization promulgated "acupuncture meridians of the International Standardization Program" will "triple burner" be translated as triple energizer, we should be internationally harmonized standards in accordance with this translation. With the "unification" of the translation, Chinese English translation could not be easier. At the same time, maintaining the unity of translation is also to facilitate readers in understanding and smoothly convey information. The principle of unity should be the English translation of traditional Chinese medicine and international bi-directional integration [2]. English translation of traditional Chinese medicine to maintain translation of the term "reunification" There are three ways: (1) with reference to international TCM English monographs and literature, such as the World Health Organization promulgated the "acupuncture meridians of the International Standardization Program" and so on, to keep Chinese English nouns Chinese-English translation of the term unity, international and stability. (2), the most authoritative reference to the new Chinese medicine Chinese-English dictionary. (3) The terms and expressions in English translation must be a long time that people use, the basic convention only after unification. Chinese-English translation of traditional Chinese medicine Chinese medicine is the most difficult terms and phrases properly translated into English, the translator must study harder, continue to read Chinese at home and abroad in English magazines, to grasp the translation movement. Professional Chinese-English Dictionary in English, traditional Chinese medicine field has a strength and authority of the translation has been convention, we should be consciously applied to our translation practice. Some translation is not perfect, but the translator for the time being follow these conventions translation. Because they followed the use of English translation of the long-standing, forming a fixed term, the best of their first with him. To introduce new, not a translator can call the shots, nor is it overnight, need long-term effort [3]. In short, thetransmission of information because of TCM English with the special nature of the existing principles and standards of the various translations is not very appropriate English translation of traditional Chinese medicine, the authors propose a "faithful (faithfulness), accurate (exactness), Unity (consisten2cy)" The English translation of the principles of traditional Chinese medicine, with a view to some standard English translation of Chinese medicine. This principle should be to return to English translation in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine to be tested. [References]1 Li Zhao-guo. TCM English translation techniques [M]. Beijing: People's Health Press, 1997.123.2 Lei Luo. Modern Chinese medicine Chinese-English translation skills [M]. Beijing: Chinese Ancient Books Publishing House, 2003. Chen Keji preamble.3 Xie Zhu-fan. With regard to the English translation of TCM terminology discussion [J]. Chinese Journal of Medicine, 2000,20 (9): 7062709中医英语翻译的原则分析中医药对外交流和商务活动日益频繁,而中医英译则是中国与世界其他国家中医药交流的一条纽带。