毕业论文外文翻译--电子商务与旅游业(外文原文+中文翻译)

中英文对照外文翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)附件1：外文翻译译文网上购物的自由、控制和乐趣网上购物的消费者数量和网上购物的数额正在上升；费雷斯特研究公司估计，今年互联网销售额是去年的20亿倍以上。

相比之下，美国去年的整体零售销售额达13万亿美元。

因此，目前电子商务的销售额仅占零售销售额的1%左右。

专家和学者闷得争执消费者网上消费的百分比的可能上限。

网上消费上限将超过其他直接营销的15%，或者如费雷斯特研究公司所建议的，到2010年占许多零售采购产品类别的1/3.最终，在何种程度上满足购物目标导向和有经验的消费者需求将影响消费者会选择花在每个环境中的美元金额。

虽然许多作家都在鼓吹在线媒体提供交互性和个性化的体验的独特功能，例如，很少有系统的集中于网上购物者真正需要什么，以及为什么他们把网上购物放在第一位清楚的了解什么激发消费者网上购物可以并应告知战略、技术和市场营销的决定，以及网站设计。

那么，什么激发网上购物？在离线的环境中营销人员认识到，消费者不同的消费方式取决于他们用于搜索的动机是否主要是体验（因为好玩）还是目标导向（因为效率高）。

我们的网上客户的研究表明，这两种动机同样可以推广到在线环境。

体验行为特别可能发生在消费者有一个持续的爱好型的兴趣类别中。

收藏家和爱好者享受“惊险的狩猎”一样收藏各种收藏品。

同样，有时间保证和欲望刺激可以引起更多的体验购物行为。

学者们还发现，更高的娱乐性与体验行为比专注于目标的购物引起更积极的情绪、更大的网上购物满意度和更高可能性的购物冲动行为。

目标导向或功利购物已被各种营销学者描述为任务导向的，高效的，合理的和蓄意的。

因此，专注于目标的购物是以交易为导向，希望快速购买他们想要的东西而无需焦急。

零售消费者将功力购买描述为“工作”和评估其努力的成功的条款通常与工作表现相关词汇联系起来，如“成功”“完成”。

重要的是，市场调查公司发现，2/3到4/5的互联网买家从事特定产品的狭义在线搜索。

Impact of E-commerce on Tourism in ChinaI．The development of Chinese tourismFrom the sustained and rapid developing of Chinese tourism, the international tourism industry has been generally optimistic about the Chinese market, and predicted that China will be the most popular tourist destination in the 21st century. In a market economy, the demand is the most important resource, demand is the biggest advantage. In China, the demands for inbound tourism, domestic tourism and outbound tourism are heating up, it has become the world's highest growth rate for years.Especially for recent years, the growth of world economy, and the economic recovery in Southeast Asia, has greatly encouraged the rising of international tourism demand. Meanwhile, as the main tourist economy and an important force in stimulating domestic demand, the domestic tourism has showed up a huge marketing potential in the past two years. It can be expected in the next 20 years, China's economic development will further accelerate the people's living standard, and the tourism demand will continue to expand. Therefore, China, which is the world's first domestic tourism market, has the potential to achieve a world tourism power. It’s the time for China to seize opportunities, meet challenges, and use the high-technology to transform traditional tourism to a modern toursim.II．The analysis of the tourism industry value chain under e-commerce environment"E-commerce" is spread with the popularity of the Internet. Tourism is a labor-intensive and information technology-intensive industry.In the tourism market, n on-material goods as a trade-oriented tourism activities in the tourism market is not the driving force in the flow of material in the form of a commodity,but the transmission of information on tourism products caused by the flow of tourists. From this point of view, the core of tourism circulating is information. The introduction of tourism e-commerce has brought new opportunities for the development of tourism industry.E-commerce has been introduced to tourism industry just for a few years, but its momentum is verystrong.E-commerce has become new model for tourism trade in the information age. In 2002,global tourism e-commerce sales exceeded$ 63 billion,five consecutive years of more than350%growth rate. According to theWorld Tourism Organization expected in the next five years,tourism e-commerce will account for25% of all travel transactions, and tourism e-commerce in the proportion of e-commerce will reach20% to 25%.In China, tourism e-commerce website appeared in 1996, to the present, it has reached more than 5,000, among which, there are more than 300 professional travel sites, including three categories, regional sites, professional sites. Regional sites are mainly about local attractions, scenic beauty of the introduction, the overall strength is poor with less information, it’s difficult for them to guarantee their financial income. The professional sites mainly carry out professional travel agency business, including traditional travel agencies and professional web site e-commerce website. The former has CYTS network, CITS net. Comfort Travel also opened the first outbound tourism web site that provide the service for outbound tourism registration, passports, visas, border control, customs and other knowledge. The latter has Ctrip Travel Network, e long net, China travel net. E-commerce is the most important way for China's tourism industry to participate in international competitions. The National Tourism Administration attaches great attention on this.III．Tourism and tourism E-commerceAs an advanced e-commerce trade, e-commerce consists of three parts: information consulting services system, currency payment system, logistics and distribution system, in short, that is: information, capital and logistics. Compared with other traditional industries, besides the huge amount of information service, high reliability, "online travel" has another advantage, it’s has very conven ient logistics and distribution.General travel sites just released some tourist information, not using the online electronic commerce, that’s why they have not achieved much breakthrough. From the second half of 1999, the travel e-commerce was officially activated, which was marked by a large number of IT professionals entering travel sites. At present, "CYTS Online" website officially opened as a large, traditional travel agency, which marks the China Youth Travel Service's travel e-commerce industry officially kicked off.The most powerful method for online travel agency, is the implementation of e-commerce, via the network platform, to beat the traditional tourism industry by information services, product sales, payment and settlement and other aspects (travelers can make a online booking, reservation, set group provide for tourist routes, etc.). This will not only greatly change the traditional tourism industry, reduce travel costs, but also quickly change the traditional concept of tourism, so that the "network" and "travel" can be displayed and promoted to the maximum values.IV．The status of the tourism e-commerce in China4.1 No enough tourism business websites, the low development of tourism e-commerce.At present, there are thousands of tourism websites, which can integrate the six elements of tourism-food, transportation, lodge,travelling, shopping, entertainment, but few of them can provide those personalized, technology, travelling services with special season requirements. Due to lack of the support of professional resources, even there are many tourist information sites, the professional tourism websites are still not enough, and the real tourism e-commerce sites are even less. Most of tourism websites stay with publishing simple tourist routes, tourist information, attractions,travel tips and other travel information, the information can’t be updated in time,not closely follow the market demands, can’t provide enough tourism information.As the tourism business websites do not attach to tourists demands, it is difficult to form a true sense of the tourism business, can’t attract many tourists. The tourism e-commerce in China started late, there are no much companies realize the importance of tourism e-commerce development, many companies are still watching and waiting. Few companies which are in the f orefront of e-commerce remain in the lower stage because the macro-environment is not mature, they can not achieve a real sense of online transactions, there is no real connect between network and the real life. So, they can not create a real tourism e-commerce.4.2Transaction security is still the major factor in the development of tourism e-commerceAs the rapid growth of the internet, tourism e-commerce has attracted wide attention, it is considered as one of the most promising new growth point in the IT industry. However,how to ensure the security of data transmission in an open network environment has become one of the most important factor to tourism e-commerce’s popularity. There were some online researches about t ourism e-commerce’ prospects, about the question that why not shop online, the vast majority of people are worried about hackers attacks resulting in loss of credit card information. Therefore,some people are worried about security issues and refuse to use tourism e-commerce.Security has become the biggest obstacle in the development of tourism e-commerce.V.The main problem in the development of tourism e-commerce in chinaThe reasons of restricting the development of tourism network in China are not only technical problems, but also the traditional tourism business environment and the socio-economic development.5.1Lack of CreditEspecially in the domestic B to C (that is, vendor to customer) tourism e-commerce, how’s trade credit of the tourism enterprise? Are they consistent between the internet commodity and the real tourism service? How’s the service quality? The re are even some problems with the credibility of the current television advertising, let alone the online travel products, the customers will be worried more.5.2The development of tourism e-commerce lack of confidence because laws and regulations are lagged behind.Because of e-commerce related laws and regulations lagging behind, the parties involved in transactions lack of self-discipline and strict oversight, the authenticity of the information can not be guaranteed.5.3The limitation of online payment become the constraint of the development of tourism e-commerce.Currently, online payment has not really solved, there are still a lot of payment models of "online trading, reality pay", which make it difficult for e-commerce break the constraints. No security of credit commitments, the parties involved in tourism e-commerce do not fully trust each other, it makes the tourism e-commerce development in large scales also too early.5.4Lack of compound talents make the current tourism e-commerce websites stay in a low level.The development of tourism e-commerce lacks of a large number of compound talents who know not only the technology but also the management. The operation of tourism e-commerce website involves a wide range of comprehensive knowledge which has the high requirements from both customers and companies. It is the truth that many tourism sites are facing very difficult conditions. The lack of talent is the most important reason that impact of the development of tourism e-commerce.5.5Most of the businesses in tourism websites are overlapped with the traditional tourism companies.It lacks of new tourism e-commerce products which are suitable for online trading. During the development of e-commerce, the tourism projects published by most of tourism sites lack of pertinence and not personalized, they are mainly copy the traditional tourism products and services to the websites, no any features and sellingpoints.5.6The tourism websites are behind the demands in China, the overall development of tourism e-commerce is too low.The tourism commerce websites which can integrate the six elements of tourism -food, transportation, lodge, travel, shopping, entertainment, personalized and timely offers, information, and season tourism products, are far behind the demands. Due to lack of the supports of professional resources, and the mature macro-environment, the e-commerce features are mostly stuck in a low level, it’s difficult for the connection between network and reality, of course, there is no way to create a real tourism e-commerce.VI．The strategies of the development of tourism e-commerce in China6.1 Support from government to build the platform for tourism e-commerce.Tourism is a government-led industry. Government departments should be the organizers for the applications of tourism e-commerce at the macro aspects, to support the development of tourism electronic commerce from the many aspects, to improve thee-commerce software and hardware environment and the legal environment. Use the tax and other price leverage to push the development of tourism e-commerce, meanwhile, strengthen the Internet infrastructure, and accelerate the establishment, refinement and modify of tourism e-commerce-related policies and laws, eliminate those policies and systems which restrict the development of tourism e-commerce.6.2 The traditional tourism companies should change the traditional concept, to integrate the resources and carry out the personalized services.The integration and the strategic alliance between the t raditional tourism enterprises and the tourist sites are the common way and the new growth point for the both parts. In the tourism e-commerce website development, the most constraining issues are integration of resources, the tourism sites must rely on the rich resources from traditional tourism industry. Tourism enterprises can achieve the scalized and networking development by changing the traditional marketing concept, establishing their own internal business management information systems which has a high degree of integration with Internet and developing their own brands.In addition, personalized tourism products become more and more popular, the greatest benefits of personalized service is that the company can provide customers with more satisfactory alternative. This requires a comprehensive collection, extraction and integration of the different characteristics of consumer demand, then fractionize those information, and provide products and services so that consumers can freely choose travel destinations, hotels, transport and so on. In short, tourism resources database is the basis for the development of tourism e-commerce; the quality and quantity of information is the key to the development of tourism e-commerce; network traffic is the development of tourism e-commerce market indicators.6.3Tourism enterprises should strengthen the coordination and communication with the related parts.Tourism e-commerce is inseparable from social parties, especially the IT industry, financial services, transportation departments and industry associations. In order to achieve the real e-commerce, tourism online enterprises should strengthen the cooperation with the tourism industry, authorities, industry associations, regulateChinese tourism industry standards, and must actively cooperate with the transport sector, implement the electronic ticketing (tickets, tickets, tickets) to seize market share.China should actively study suitable electronic ticketing, create a new booking system, and as soon as possible connect with international standards. There is also software design companies which can not be ignored, it should provide the tailored IT products and services for different enterprise, build the platforms for the existing tourism information release system, hotel reservation system, airline reservation system, immigration and travel distribution system, domestic travel sales systems, outreach marketing systems, billing systems, and team schedule management system. Furthermore, tourism enterprises should actively cooperate with the banks, draw on the experience of developed countries, universe the payment methods of credit card, electronic cash, electronic checks and other electronic payment methods, make the online payments become safe, convenient, fast and efficient.6.4Improve the staff quality, cultivate compound talentsTravel site construction, operation and management involves a wide range of knowledge, it requires their employees not only have higher network technology, e-commerce knowledge, also have more professional tourism knowledge and tourism marketing, management knowledge. Therefore, in order to meet the high-tech development, the employees in the tourism authorities and tourism businesses should improve their knowledge of e-commerce, in particular, strengthen the training for the leadership.6.5Improve the level and quality of the website service of tourism businessThe website is the most important part of the e-commerce, the key to the success of tourism e-commerce operation, depends on whether the site are attractive, and fully display the characteristics of natural resources and cultural landscape. Travel site construction should avoid duplication, fragmentation. It should take full advantage of the network to achieve the scale of operations, highlight the overall competitiveness of tourism products. Tourism resources database is the basis for the development of tourism e-commerce, we should strengthen the tourism database development, so as to detail the tourism resources, and improve the quality of tourist information.6.6Enhance the security of transactionsWe should build secure and reliable communications network, effectively protect the information systems on the network to prevent data theft or misappropriation. Meanwhile, we should train tourism e-commerce talents to learn how to protect their information systems and data security. Taking into account the risk and decentralization of the internet, online data security and integrity must be guaranteed the same as in the database. In addition, we must ensure the long-term integrity and security for tourism e-commerce records, avoid fraud, so as to provide the credibility which is a must in a wide range of tourism e-commerce. Finally, we must stay away from a wide range of threats from the Internet to ensure the integrity of the computer system itself.6.7Strength the brand competitionBusiness on the Internet can’t grab market share only if their service reach the first class level, at present, the competition between well-known tourist site has crossed the competition stages of financial strength, information richness, and interactivity degree, enter into the brand competition period, such as the quality of customer service, marketing processing, advertising etc, that is to establish services credibility and reputation. A study on the network find that many transactions are generated from the returning customers, which indicates these networks have a high level of credibility and reputation, brand strength plays an important role.VII．ConclusionE-commerce is essentially the integration of network information and business operation process, it changes the traditional network information flow mainly through modern information technology, and guides the business flow, capital flow and talents flow with the net work information flow, quickly match transactions, effectively achieve lower costs and improve benefits. Although the application of e-commerce is still new developed, there are no uniform understanding for many problem, and lack of wholly satisfactory in the technical aspects, but the unique of tourism products make the tourism as the most suitable industries for the development of e-commerce. The emergence of e-commerce challenge traditional tourism, meanwhile, it also provides the tourism industry an opportunity to take off. For this, we must attach great importance of tourism e-commerce on the technological innovation of traditional transactions methods,fully aware that the innovation of tourism e-commerce brings the new market efficiency, and the impact on the change of production and management in tourism enterprises.At the same time, tourism is a highly information-based industry. The application of e-commerce realize the accessibility and non-destruction of information and communication, which result that a number of tourism enterprises think the information is the interest, they equal the process of obtaining the information to the process of achieving the interests . In fact, the transmission of tourism commercial interest is much less smooth than the transmission of net information, the access to tourism business interests is a complex and extensive process, in which the information is a highly refined, and it’s development process of the cooperation among a variety of factors. Therefore, we should rationally look on the tourism e-commerce.References：[1] 李琪.电子商务概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2004.[2] 巫宁.信息化时代的中国旅游电子商务「M].北京:社会科学文献出版社, 2003.[3] 黄敏学.电子虚拟市场的演进与交易.武汉大学出版社,2002[4] 湛亚民.旅游电子商务与我国旅游业的发展.武汉工业学院学报,2000(3)[5] 施仲军,袁峰.信息社会中云南旅游市场营销问题初探.云南财贸学院学报,2000(6)[6] 王兆良.我国旅游经济与电子商务相结合问题探讨.中南民族大学学报,2002(3)[7] 杨丽.中国旅游电子商务发展中的一些问题与对策的研究.旅游学刊,2001(6)[8] 陆均良.旅游电子商务清华大学出版社参考文献：[1]李琪.电子商务概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2004.[2] 巫宁.信息化时代的中国旅游电子商务「M].北京:社会科学文献出版社, 2003.[3] 黄敏学.电子虚拟市场的演进与交易.武汉大学出版社,2002[4] 湛亚民.旅游电子商务与我国旅游业的发展.武汉工业学院学报,2000(3)[5] 施仲军,袁峰.信息社会中云南旅游市场营销问题初探.云南财贸学院学报,2000(6)[6] 王兆良.我国旅游经济与电子商务相结合问题探讨.中南民族大学学报,2002(3)[7] 杨丽.中国旅游电子商务发展中的一些问题与对策的研究.旅游学刊,2001(6)[8] 陆均良.旅游电子商务清华大学出版社。

电子商务与旅游中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)翻译:电子商务与旅游业摘要电子商务的鼎盛时期已经过去还是仅仅只是在休整？商业和股市期望没有得到满足。

但是，抛去其强硬的经济问题和数量稀少旅客，电子商务在诸如旅游和旅游业的网上交易的一些部门依然不断增加。

这个行业是在B2C（企业对消费者）领域的领导型应用。

而在其他行业有较强的坚持传统工艺，旅游业正经历一个电子商务的接受过程，该行业的结构正在发生变化。

网络不仅用于收集信息；通过互联网订购服务正在被接受。

一个新型的用户正在出现，接受成为他自己的旅行社，并建立自己的旅游套票。

在2002年美国在线旅游市场增长了45％至27亿元。

占市场总值的14.4％，欧洲在线旅游增加了67％，占市场总额的3.6％。

同年美国32％的旅客已使用互联网预订旅游安排。

预测到2007年30%的B2C交易在欧洲的德国将在互联网上完成。

然而，其他的市场研究机构发布其他，高和低，编号。

这些统计数据问题，他们是基于不同，要么宽或窄、定义：要么区分：电子商务和电子商务(看到后者作为部分的第一)或不是，并且使用不同的变量和测量方法。

但是，即使证明不同的定义，给出了所有的统计数字旅游域点向上。

然而，在所有这些定义亏缺了一个重要方面我们可以看出在旅游案例：他们是所有交易和商业导向和忽略了这个事实，即网络也是一个中等的好奇心、创建社区或刚一件有趣的事，所有这一切都可能发生，也可能不会获得业务。

特别是旅游产品与情感体验，有趣但并不仅仅是业务。

一、关于这个行业旅游及旅游业作为一个全球或者说全球化的行业体现了非常具体的特点：1.旅行和观光的代表了大约11%世界范围内(GDP)旅游卫星账户后举行的世界旅游的方法和旅游委员会)；2.将有十亿国外游客在2010年世界旅游组织，平均而言，旅游增长速度超过其他的经济部门；3. 作为一个伞业它涉及到许多部门，如文化或体育运动，超过30种不同的工业部件，服务已确认的旅行者；4.解释了整个行业的非均质性，因为它的中小企业结构(尤其是拍照的时候目的地的观点)，它有一个巨大的重要性了区域发展。

International Symposium on Computers & Informatics (ISCI 2015)Design and Realization of Jingdezhen TourismE-commerce WebsiteHu Jingfang1, a, Li Busheng2, b1 School of Information Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen, 333403, China2 School of Information Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen, 333403, Chinaa email:**************,b email:**************AbstractWith the development of electronic commerce mode, the use of e-commerce of tourism has become a hot spot, this paper studies and analyzes the Jingdezhen tourism environment and tourism electronic commerce present situation, proposed the Jingdezhen tourism electronic commerce operation mode,key technology and further study the tourism website construction, finally realizes the construction of Jingdezhen tour business website.Keywords: Electronic commerce; Operation mode; Jingdezhen tourism; Website1. Study on operation mode of Jingdezhen e-commerce ofTourismJingdezhen is between the famous tourist scenic zone Lu shan, Huangshanand Sanqingshan, location advantages. From the tourism resources, Jingdezhen is rich in cultural relics and scenic spots, and the profound ceramic culture connotation. The natural scenery, famous historical, ceramic culture and folk customs constitute the Jingdezhen superior tourist resources, ceramic cultural resources are the advantages of Jingdezhen resources. However, the development of tourism industry in Jingdezhen is not commensurate with its tourism resources, over the years the development levelof Jingdezhen tourism industry in the country still lags behind. The huge contrast between the rich humanities, natural ecological of Jingdezhen andits tourism industry actual development situation , fully demonstrated the rich tourism resources has not been fully effective development and utilization. Thebasic reason is that the strategy and orientation of tourism development, did notseize the visitors psychological and embody the characteristics of Jingdezhen tourism resources.2 The analysis of the system functionThe biggest characteristic of tourism e-commerce websiteis intuitive, practical and open, it is different with the general tourismwebsite lies in the realization of e-commerce. According to the actual need oftourism e-commerce website, which makes user interaction becomes smoothand continuous, to improve the availability and efficiency of the system. In orderto present Jingdezhen tourism characteristics and attractions better, Jingdezhentourism e- commerce website function with the settings shown below:(1) User login and registration module: In the design of the system, thismodule is essential, is also relatively simple, it directly through the Jingdezhen tourism e- commerce platform. The new user registration need to fillin the user name, password, address, email, telephone numbers can complete therelevant registration. To provide the guarantee for the following operations. Ifthe user is already a registered user, you can directly login link for subsequent operations, to provide a link for the new user registration service.(2) A survey of Jingdezhen: Jingdezhen is rich in tourism resources, notonly enjoy the "world porcelain" known, but also has favorable geographical conditions and natural scenery. The Castle Peak, greenwater, ceramic culture, revolutionary historical sites has profound cultural heritage and the local characteristics,occupies an important position in China. Sowe use the CSS to control the structure of the page style, writing foldingmenu, fast transmission of pictures, let the user feel the various styles of photoswitching effect.(3)Tourism news: The module is the main dynamic information in a timelymanner to show attractions, allow the user to open the site you can seethe information with new attractions, let users can feel the charm of scenic spots.(4) Travel routes: in this module includes the territory of Jingdezhen and the surrounding many tourist routes. Play AJAX asynchronous request advantages technology, enhance the interactive method of WEB page based on JavaScript in the process of specific implementation in WEB. We put thegraphics knowledge to work by WEB development. First of all, we canuse graphics algorithms to process the pictures. Secondly, using the JavaScript and AJAX can reduce user waiting time in image processing andimage transmission such a huge amount of data operation events, which makesuser interaction becomes smooth and continuous.(5) Booking tickets and hotel reservation: This is a key part of the electronic commerce website difference between tourism and general tourism website.General travel websites simply to introduce attractions and line .Tourism e-commerce site can provide tickets for scenic spots, lines, hotel online booking.(6) Specialty Mall: in order to give the user understands and buy localspecialty goods in tourism.(7) Personal information center: When the user opens a website, encounter problems, you can view some of the problems by the help center answers, so asto help the user to solve the problem. Below is a picture of the overall structure of the system design.Fig.1. Website structure diagram3 Realization method of main technologyThe system uses the web development language is PHP5.5, database is MySql 5.26, the operating system is Windows xp/Win 7. The main core technology is mainly: PHP technology, database technology, and Web Technology (html+ css, javascript + jquery + ajax).The first is the basic operation of MySql, the mainly is the design of the database, and the E-R model of database, the following is the simple E-RFig.2. The simple E-R model of the systemPHP operation of MySQL is divided into 5 steps: (here only to illustratethe MySql )The first step: to connect (here my database username is root, password is23456)$conn=mysql_connect("localhost","root","123456");The second step: settingmysql_query("set names utf8");The third step: Perform$sql="select * from tb_news";$result=mysql_query($sql,$conn) or die(mysql_error());The fourth step: the resultHere need to see the results returned is the result set, or a simple digital, thereare a lot of methods of treatment results, mainly through the index array orassociative array, the following simple processing is obtained on the basis of theresult of the previous step to deal with:$rowCount=mysql_num_rows($result);The fifth step: close the connectionmysql_free_result($result);Mysql_close($conn);The following will explain the parameters transfer technology .There areseveral methods of parameter transfer, here we will only explain session andcookie. Session and cookie are used as variables in the PHP, such as:$_SESSION [‘name’]=”zhangsan”,$_COOKIE[‘name’]=”zhangsan”;Webj Technology: the first is html+css, this is the layout of the page. Then isJavaScript, this is a dynamic interactive of pages. And last is the jquery andAjax, AJAX is the combination of JavaScript and background data.Baidu map interface technology: here use the open platform of Baidudeveloper, which calls the interface can realize the online map:Use a JavaScript file<script src="/api?v=1.4" type="text/javascript"></script><script type="text/javascript">var map = new BMap.Map("container"); // Create map examplesmap.setDefaultCursor("crosshair");//Set the default mouse pointer style ofmapmap.enableScrollWheelZoom();// Enable wheel zoom, disabled by default.var point = new BMap.Point(117.17842, 29.2688); // Create point coordinatemap.centerAndZoom(point, 15); // Initialize the map, sets the centerpoint coordinate map.addControl(new BMap.NavigationControl()); //Add the zoom control of groundmap.addControl(new BMap.ScaleControl()); // Add scale controlmap.addControl(new BMap.OverviewMapControl()); // A thumbnail mapcontrolmap.addControl(new BMap.MapTypeControl()); // Map type controlmap.setCurrentCity("JingDezhen");function iploac(result){// According to the IP setting map Centervar cityName = ;//map.setCenter(cityName);}var myCity = new BMap.LocalCity();myCity.get(iploac);function sear (result){//Map searchvar local = new BMap.LocalSearch(map, {renderOptions:{map: map}});local.search(result);}</script>4 ConclusionThrough the analysis and design, we completed the tourism e-commerce system based on B/S mode. The system contains news system, user registered and login system, background management system, tickets and hotel reservation system, specialty store, the help center module.The research of this topic is the research based on the industry perspective on Jingdezhen tourism industry to actively develop e-commerce problems. By the time, funds and technical conditions limit, there are many practical problems to be further studied. In the construction of Jingdezhen tourism website, we should improve the service functions of tourism website. We also should establish online travel consultation and service system in the website, make those needs related consulting customers can get help. Finally, in the actual operation, we also need to improve the payment function.References[1] Chenhao. PHP program design [M] Beijing: Electronics industry Press,2005[2] ShaoYu. PHP and MYSQL WEB development [M]. Beijing: MechanicalIndustry Press, 2005[3] DAVID LANE .PHP & MYSQL WEB Database application developmentGuides [M].Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 2006[4] MIHAI BUCICA. AJAX and PHP WEB development [M].Beijing: People'sPosts and Telecommunications Press, 2007[5] PETER MOULDING. PHP technology insider [M].Beijing: ChinaWaterpower Press, 2003[6] NARAMORE. PHP5、APACHE、MYSQL web development [M].Beijing:Electronics industry Press, 2005[7] JiGenlin CuiHaiyuan. Web program design [M]. Beijing: Electronics industryPress, 2008.4[8] Simon Collision. CSS foundation tutorial [M]. Beijing: People's Posts andTelecommunications Press, 2007.。

文献信息：文献标题：ELECTRONIC COMMERCE（电子商务）国外作者：Đerić Slavko文献出处：《Economics》,2017,4字数统计：英文2060单词，11447字符；中文3455汉字外文文献：ELECTRONIC COMMERCESUMMARY Electronic commerce can be defined in different ways. Any definition helps to understand and explain that concept as better as possible. Electronic commerce is a set of procedures and technologies that automate the tasks of financial transactions using electronic means. Also, according to some authors, electronic commerce is defined as a new concept, which is being developed and which includes process of buying and selling or exchanging products, services or information via computer networks, including the Internet. Electronic commerce is not limited just to buying and selling, but it also includes all pre-sales and after-sales ongoing activities along the supply chain. Introducing electronic commerce, using the Internet and Web services in business, realizes the way to a completely new type of economy—internet economy.Keywords:electronic commerce, development, purchase, sale, economy, InternetINTRODUCTIONToday, development of modern means of communication, especially electronic, which radically change the existing power relations and the power on the global market, have a significant role in more evident process of globalization. The magnitude of impact of the development of communication and information resources on the world economy may be implied by the fact that it goes into traditional laborintensive activities, where before there were not opportunities for the application of modern information technology.Managers of large companies, as well as small and medium-sized enterprises, need to understand first of all the importance, as well as many advantages that use of modern digital technology enables them in the creation of new business ideas and their realization. In the new digital era the benefits and opportunities of e-business represent a significant potential that should be used in the best and the most efficient way. Thanks to the internet there are some changes in the way of business, geographical boundaries are disappearing, language barriers and currency restrictions are being bowed down.ELECTRONIC COMMERCEToday’s way of doing business is completely changed, mostly thanks to the Internet. E-commerce has a great role in the process of globalization and in the development of modern means of communication, especially electronic, by radically changing the existing power relations and the power on the global market. In modern business there is a transition from mechanical to electronic phase of business. Besides the technological aspect it is necessary to emphasize the economic aspect and define e-commerce as a new market that offers new types of goods and services, such as digital products through digital processes. Sellers of physical goods are also being included in digital processes, such as on-line ordering, market research and payment, which are the parts of the new market.Electronic commerce is the exchange of business information, maintaining business relationships, and conducting business transactions between different organizations via telecommunication networks and is more than a set of Internet technologies.E-commerce can be viewed from the narrower and wider point of view. In the narrow sense electronic commerce involves buying and selling through the Internet, and in a broader sense it includes the exchange of business information, maintaining business relationships, and conducting business transactions by means oftelecommunications networks. In fulfilling tasks it uses electronic communication media such as the Internet, extranets, e-mail, database and mobile telephony. Electronic commerce includes several activities such as electronic sales and purchases of goods and services, online delivery of digital content, electronic funds transfer, public procurement, direct consumer marketing and other after-sales services. The basis of e-business is often called a fully digital business and it contains three components: product, process and participants, which have two components, physical and digital. Everything that can be sent and received via the Internet is considered to be a digital product.Electronic commerce creates new markets and economic activities, which are characterized by rapid information processes and market dynamics. Electronic networks provide the infrastructure for collecting and disseminating information. They also serve as a new channel for the sales, promotion of products and services delivery. Moreover, network integrate information for managing business activities at all levels of the company and provide new electronic connections with customers and partners in the supply chain. An increasing number of activities that add value to the economy take place in cyberspace through globally connected electronic networks. The Internet has expanded the premises to which companies reach. Managers can detect a greater number of business opportunities due to obtaining many additional business information from the Internet.ELECTRONIC MARKETMilicevic (2002) states that the Internetand new information technologies are leading to restructuring of markets on a global level and some industrial and service sectors. As well as on traditional (physical) market, also in electronic market, customers and sellers exchange goods and services for money or other goods or services, but only electronically. Electronic market uses electronic transactions leading to a new way of distribution of products and services to ultimate consumers. Electronic market means a place where electronic commerce is conducted, that is to say a network of interactions and communication where the information, products,services and payments are exchanged. In recent years, electronic market is gaining importance in the modern way of doing business. When it comes to e-business, business center is a network based on the locations where there are customers, sellers and other participants and they all find each other electronically and do business so.MODELS OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCEThere are many models of electronic commerce that vary according to the relations which exist between participants in trade (companies, customers, employees, government). Some of the models are: B2B, B2C, B2E, C2C, C2B, but lately there are also more complex forms that are created as a combination and updating of existing models such as B2B2C and C2B2C.B2B (Business to Business) is the automated exchange of information between different organizations;B2C (Business to Consumer) means the sale of goods and services to end consumers;B2E (Business to Employee) is a model which is also known as Intranet, or the Web site that gives products or information to employees;C2B (Consumer to Business) is a model where the consumer requests a product or service from the seller;C2C (Consumer to Consumer) is a model in which customers sell to each other;B2B2C (Business to Business to Consumer) is a model that is realized using B2B model that supports the company’s operations on the model of B2C;C2B2C (Consumer to Business to Consumer) is a model that connects consumers using on-line company as an intermediary.LEGAL ISSUES SPECIFIC TO ELECTRONIC COMMERCEThe most important legal issues specific to e-commerce are: assigning domain names, tax collection from incomes generated electronically and intellectual property protection. When assigning Internet addresses or domain names, problems arise when several companies that have similar names compete around the domain. The problemis solved in court or before an international arbitration system. Federal, state and local authorities are trying in every way to calculate how to get a share of revenue generated electronically. The problems are particularly prominent in international trade, when the question is where you need to pay a tax for a business license, income tax, value-added tax, the annual income tax and the like, as well as who controls the charge. Protection of software and other intangible creations is difficult to be implemented over the Web, which is why the issues of copyright and protection of intellectual property are subjects of frequent discussions. One solution might be a tax that is unique to the Internet, the so-called “bit tax”. The idea of this tax is based on the fact that each bit that travels through the network represents a subject to taxation at a rate that is unique. It could be collected in telephone exchanges or at the service provider and to be submitted to the competent tax authorities. However, such a tax would not take account of the nature of the information or goods that are purchased. The largest amount of bits on the Internet belongs to the children’s video games which are in most countries, wheree-business is developed, tax-exempt or taxed at the lowest rate. It is also unclear which government would take over the tax that is a result of cross-border data flow. Besides safety problems, the problem of unclear model of taxation of commercial transactions on the Internet certainly inflicts great torments to fiscal experts worldwide.ADV ANTAGES AND DISADV ANTAGES OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE The main characteristic of e-commerce is a profound and very rapid change in the way trade is conducted. Today, e-commerce has many advantages over traditional conducting commercial transactions. Extensive use of e-commerce leads to new advantages. A set of interactive, content-rich and personalized messages can be delivered tospecifically selected consumers to increase sales. Today companies have a lot more information than before, which allows them to take advantage of this information as efficiently as possible, to segment the market and to adapt their products or services to potential customers or service users as well as possible.The impact of e-commerce is especially expressed in industries engaged in theproduction of computers, software and computer equipment and other elements necessary for realization of e-commerce. E-commerce has enabled companies to choose suppliers all over the world regardless of their geographical location, and to sell and market their products or services anywhere in the global market.Compared to traditional commerce the advantages of Internet commerce are numerous because properties are not necessary, as well as window dressing, sales staff is reduced to a minimum, there is a possibility of selling around the world, instant communication, presentation of interactive multimedia catalog that can provide the information that the customer wants (there is no classic catalog and postal shipping), promotion is much cheaper, it is easier to achieve publicity on the internet, there are more opportunities to adapt to customer needs, and with allthat the customer is enabled easier purchases carried out from an armchair, with no time limit (nonstop) ,without affecting the sales staff in the decision-making and various other benefits. Due to the complexity of the system of electronic trade problems in the sale or purchase over the Internet may occur. Problems refer to the fact that many potential customers still do not have Internet access or do not use it, some do not have fast Internet connection, online purchase involves a lot of confidence, privacy is compromised and there is a problem of the actual existence of stores on the Internet. Internet is a public network that is accessible to everyone, and because of that there is a possibility that someone monitors comunication without authorization and to abuse it later. Because of these reasons, it is necessary to find mechanisms that will ensure the protection of information, information integrity, and their authenticity. Cryptography is the science that deals with methods of maintenance of the confidentiality of information and which has its own features such as encryption, decryption and key. Defining and verifying the identity of the sender is achieved by using digital signatures and certificates. The purpose of the digital signature is authentication of the message content, as well as provision of guarantee of identity of the sender of the message.CONCLUSIONWith the advent of the Internet a lot has changed in terms of business and trade. Once the operating was based on the principle of face-toface, but now with the advent of the Internet participants in trade do not need to know, nor meet and see each other. With the advent of e-commerce there are no more geographical borders, nor language barriers and currency constraints. In modern business there is a transition from mechanical to electronic phase of business, which leads to more rapid penetration of technical progress in trade. It comes to development of electronic stores, which have significant benefits for end consumers, but there are new problems related to payments and the security of transactions carried out in this way. E-commerce and e-business are becoming inevitable everyday. Paper, pencil, stamp and other equipmentare replaced by computer and the Internet, thanks to which it is much easier and better to conduct an increasing number of business transactions. Online purchase and e-commerce are developing very fast, thus opening up new business opportunities, which affects an increase in productivity, reduction of costs and faster capital turnover. E-commerce creates employment opportunities, stimulates economic growth, investment in innovations, new technologies and knowledge, which contributes to the emergence of new operators in the market.中文译文：电子商务摘要电子商务可以用不同的方式进行定义。

外文原文(一)Savigny and his Anglo-American Disciple s*M. H. HoeflichFriedrich Carl von Savigny, nobleman, law reformer, champion of the revived German professoriate, and founder of the Historical School of jurisprudence, not only helped to revolutionize the study of law and legal institutions in Germany and in other civil law countries, but also exercised a profound influence on many of the most creative jurists and legal scholars in England and the United States. Nevertheless, tracing the influence of an individual is always a difficult task. It is especially difficult as regards Savigny and the approach to law and legal sources propounded by the Historical School. This difficulty arises, in part, because Savigny was not alone in adopting this approach. Hugo, for instance, espoused quite similar ideas in Germany; George Long echoed many of these concepts in England during the 1850s, and, of course, Sir Henry Sumner Maine also espoused many of these same concepts central to historical jurisprudence in England in the 1860s and 1870s. Thus, when one looks at the doctrinal writings of British and American jurists and legal scholars in the period before 1875, it is often impossible to say with any certainty that a particular idea which sounds very much the sort of thing that might, indeed, have been derived from Savigny's works, was, in fact, so derived. It is possible, nevertheless, to trace much of the influence of Savigny and his legal writings in the United States and in Great Britain during this period with some certainty because so great was his fame and so great was the respect accorded to his published work that explicit references to him and to his work abound in the doctrinal writing of this period, as well as in actual law cases in the courts. Thus, Max Gutzwiller, in his classic study Der einfluss Savignys auf die Entwicklung des International privatrechts, was able to show how Savigny's ideas on conflict of laws influenced such English and American scholars as Story, Phillimore, Burge, and Dicey. Similarly, Andreas Schwarz, in his "Einflusse Deutscher Zivilistik im Auslande," briefly sketched Savigny's influence upon John Austin, Frederick Pollock, and James Bryce. In this article I wish to examine Savigny's influence over a broader spectrum and to draw a picture of his general fame and reputation both in Britain and in the United States as the leading Romanist, legal historian, and German legal academic of his day. The picture of this Anglo-American respect accorded to Savigny and the historical school of jurisprudence which emerges from these sources is fascinating. It sheds light not only upon Savigny’s trans-channel, trans-Atlantic fame, but also upon the extraordinarily*M.H.Hoeflich, Savigny and his Anglo-American Disciples, American Journal of Comparative Law, vol.37, No.1, 1989.cosmopolitan outlook of many of the leading American and English jurists of the time. Of course, when one sets out to trace the influence of a particular individual and his work, it is necessary to demonstrate, if possible, precisely how knowledge of the man and his work was transmitted. In the case of Savigny and his work on Roman law and ideas of historical jurisprudence, there were three principal modes of transmission. First, there was the direct influence he exercised through his contacts with American lawyers and scholars. Second, there was the influence he exercised through his books. Third, there was the influence he exerted indirectly through intermediate scholars and their works. Let us examine each mode separately.I.INFLUENCE OF THE TRANSLATED WORKSWhile American and British interest in German legal scholarship was high in the antebellum period, the number of American and English jurists who could read German fluently was relatively low. Even those who borrowed from the Germans, for instance, Joseph Story, most often had to depend upon translations. It is thus quite important that Savigny’s works were amongst the most frequently translated into English, both in the United States and in Great Britain. His most influential early work, the Vom Beruf unserer Zeitfur Rechtsgeschichte und Gestzgebung, was translated into English by Abraham Hayward and published in London in 1831. Two years earlier the first volume of his History of Roman Law in the Middle Ages was translated by Cathcart and published in Edinburgh. In 1830, as well, a French translation was published at Paris. Sir Erskine Perry's translation of Savigny's Treatise on Possession was published in London in 1848. This was followed by Archibald Brown's epitome of the treatise on possession in 1872 and Rattigan's translation of the second volume of the System as Jural Relations or the Law of Persons in 1884. Guthrie published a translation of the seventh volume of the System as Private International Law at Edinburgh in 1869. Indeed, two English translations were even published in the far flung corners of the British Raj. A translation of the first volume of the System was published by William Holloway at Madras in 1867 and the volume on possession was translated by Kelleher and published at Calcutta in 1888. Thus, the determined English-speaking scholar had ample access to Savigny's works throughout the nineteenth century.Equally important for the dissemination of Savigny's ideas were those books and articles published in English that explained and analyzed his works. A number of these must have played an important role in this process. One of the earliest of these is John Reddie's Historical Notices of the Roman law and of the Progress of its Study in Germany, published at Edinburgh in 1826. Reddie was a noted Scots jurist and held the Gottingen J.U.D. The book, significantly, is dedicated to Gustav Hugo. It is of that genre known as an external history of Roman law-not so much a history of substantive Roman legal doctrine but rather a historyof Roman legal institutions and of the study of Roman law from antiquity through the nineteenth century. It is very much a polemic for the study of Roman law and for the Historical School. It imparts to the reader the excitement of Savigny and his followers about the study of law historically and it is clear that no reader of the work could possibly be left unmoved. It is, in short, the first work of public relations in English on behalf of Savigny and his ideas.Having mentioned Reddie's promotion of Savigny and the Historical School, it is important to understand the level of excitement with which things Roman and especially Roman law were greeted during this period. Many of the finest American jurists were attracted-to use Peter Stein's term-to Roman and Civil law, but attracted in a way that, at times, seems to have been more enthusiastic than intellectual. Similarly, Roman and Civil law excited much interest in Great Britain, as illustrated by the distinctly Roman influence to be found in the work of John Austin. The attraction of Roman and Civil law can be illustrated and best understood, perhaps, in the context of the publicity and excitement in the English-speaking world surrounding the discovery of the only complete manuscript of the classical Roman jurist Gaius' Institutes in Italy in 1816 by the ancient historian and German consul at Rome, B.G. Niebuhr. Niebuhr, the greatest ancient historian of his time, turned to Savigny for help with the Gaius manuscript (indeed, it was Savigny who recognized the manuscript for what it was) and, almost immediately, the books and journals-not just law journals by any means-were filled with accounts of the discovery, its importance to legal historical studies, and, of course, what it said. For instance, the second volume of the American Jurist contains a long article on the civil law by the scholarly Boston lawyer and classicist, John Pickering. The first quarter of the article is a gushing account of the discovery and first publication of the Gaius manuscript and a paean to Niebuhr and Savigny for their role in this. Similarly, in an article published in the London Law Magazine in 1829 on the civil law, the author contemptuously refers to a certain professor who continued to tell his students that the text of Gaius' Institutes was lost for all time. What could better show his ignorance of all things legal and literary than to be unaware of Niebuhr's great discovery?Another example of this reaction to the discovery of the Gaius palimpsest is to be found in David Irving's Introduction to the Study of the Civil Law. This volume is also more a history of Roman legal scholarship and sources than a study of substantive Roman law. Its pages are filled with references to Savigny's Geschichte and its approach clearly reflects the influence of the Historical School. Indeed, Irving speaks of Savigny's work as "one of the most remarkable productions of the age." He must have been truly impressed with German scholarship and must also have been able to convince the Faculty of Advocates, forwhom he was librarian, of the worth of German scholarship, for in 1820 the Faculty sent him to Gottingen so that he might study their law libraries. Irving devotes several pages of his elementary textbook on Roman law to the praise of the "remarkable" discovery of the Gaius palimpsest. He traces the discovery of the text by Niebuhr and Savigny in language that would have befitted an adventure tale. He elaborates on the various labors required to produce a new edition of the text and was particularly impressed by the use of a then new chemical process to make the under text of the palimpsest visible. He speaks of the reception of the new text as being greeted with "ardor and exultation" strong words for those who spend their lives amidst the "musty tomes" of the Roman law.This excitement over the Verona Gaius is really rather strange. Much of the substance of the Gaius text was already known to legal historians and civil lawyers from its incorporation into Justinian's Institutes and so, from a substantive legal perspective, the find was not crucial. The Gaius did provide new information on Roman procedural rules and it did also provide additional information for those scholars attempting to reconstruct pre-Justinianic Roman law. Nevertheless, these contributions alone seem hardly able to justify the excitement the discovery caused. Instead, I think that the Verona Gaius discovery simply hit a chord in the literary and legal community much the same as did the discovery of the Rosetta Stone or of Schliemann’s Troy. Here was a monument of a great civilization brought newly to light and able to be read for the first time in millenia. And just as the Rosetta Stone helped to establish the modern discipline of Egyptology and Schliemann's discoveries assured the development of classical archaeology as a modern academic discipline, the discovery of the Verona Gaius added to the attraction Roman law held for scholars and for lawyers, even amongst those who were not Romanists by profession. Ancillary to this, the discovery and publication of the Gaius manuscript also added to the fame of the two principals involved in the discovery, Niebuhr and Savigny. What this meant in the English-speaking world is that even those who could not or did not wish to read Savigny's technical works knew of him as one of the discoverers of the Gaius text. This fame itself may well have helped in spreading Savigny's legal and philosophical ideas, for, I would suggest, the Gaius "connection" may well have disposed people to read other of Savigny's writings, unconnected to the Gaius, because they were already familiar with his name.Another example of an English-speaking promoter of Savigny is Luther Stearns Cushing, a noted Boston lawyer who lectured on Roman law at the Harvard Law School in 1848-49 and again in 1851- 1852.Cushing published his lectures at Boston in 1854 under the title An Introduction to the Study of Roman Law. He devoted a full chapter to a description of the historical school and to the controversy betweenSavigny and Thibaut over codification. While Cushing attempted to portray fairly the arguments of both sides, he left no doubt as to his preference for Savigny's approach:The labors of the historical school have established an entirely new and distinct era in the study of the Roman jurisprudence; and though these writers cannot be said to have thrown their predecessors into the shade, it seems to be generally admitted, that almost every branch of the Roman law has received some important modification at their hands, and that a knowledge of their writings, to some extent, at least, is essentially necessary to its acquisition.译文(一)萨维尼和他的英美信徒们*M·H·豪弗里奇弗雷德里奇·卡尔·冯·萨维尼出身贵族，是一位出色的法律改革家，也是一位倡导重建德国教授协会的拥护者，还是历史法学派的创建人之一。

中英文对照外文翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)译文:本地化跨境电子商务的模型摘要通过对国际供应链的B2B电子商务交易量的快速增长和伊朗快速增加的跨境交易业务，跨境电商过程的有效管理对B2B电子商务系统十分重要。

本文对局部模型的结构是基于B2B电子商务的基础设施三大层，消息层、业务流程层和内容层。

由于伊朗的电子商务的要求，每一层的需要适当的标准和合适的方案的选择。

当电子文件需要移动顺利向伊朗，建议文件的标准为文件内容支持纸质和电子文件阅读。

验证提出的模型是通过案例研究方法呈现一到四阶段的情景。

本文试图通过交换商业文件在贸易过程中这一局部模型，实现在全球电子贸易供应链更接近区域单一窗口建设的关键目标。

关键词：电子商务;跨境贸易;电子文档管理;国际供应链1.简介电子商务是关于在互联网或其他网络电子系统购买和销售产品或服务。

术语B2B（企业对企业），描述了企业间的电子商务交易，如制造商和批发商，或批发商和零售商之间。

本文的研究目标是上两个不同国家贸易商之间的通信。

今天的世界贸易组织的主要目标之一是建立区域单一窗口，可以提高世界各地的贸易便利化。

建立区域单一窗口需要跨境海关，可以有效地交换贸易文件。

因此，首先，简化跨境贸易文件的关键在于朝着国家单一窗口移动。

然后，区域单一窗口可以授权国家之间的通信。

电子商务模型是基于三个主要逻辑层的研究。

这三个层消息传输层，业务处理层和内容层。

本文的局部模型是一种能够自动交换读取文件的过程。

通过与东亚和中东国家的建立区域单一窗口可以在将来得到改善的更多的互操作性，从而建立伊朗国家单一窗口在本文的第二部分讨论引进国际供应链中的跨境B2B模式所需的基本概念和标准。

第三部分介绍在大的模型中引入的组件功能和范围。

第四部分讨论了B2B交易层模型的定位，最后结束本文。

2.背景在本节中，除了了解B2B电子商务在伊朗的情况，还有参考模型的背景等概念以及讨论B2B电子商务跨境模式的本土化。

旅游商务英文作文英文：As someone who works in the tourism industry, I have had the opportunity to interact with a variety of clients and businesses. In my experience, there are a few key factors that contribute to successful tourism business ventures.Firstly, it is important to have a clear understanding of the needs and preferences of your target audience. This means conducting market research and analyzing data to determine what types of experiences and services are in demand. For example, if you are targeting a younger demographic, you may want to focus on adventure activities such as hiking or zip-lining, whereas if you are targeting families, you may want to offer more kid-friendlyactivities such as theme parks or animal sanctuaries.Secondly, it is crucial to establish strongpartnerships with other businesses in the industry. This can include hotels, restaurants, transportation companies, and tour operators. By working together, you can create packages and promotions that benefit both parties and provide a more comprehensive and enjoyable experience for customers. For example, a hotel may partner with a local tour operator to offer discounted tours to guests, while the tour operator may recommend the hotel to their clients.Finally, it is important to prioritize customer service and satisfaction. This means going above and beyond to ensure that customers have a positive experience and addressing any issues or concerns in a timely and professional manner. This can include offering personalized recommendations, providing assistance with logistics and transportation, and following up with customers after their trip to gather feedback and address any issues.中文：作为旅游业的从业者，我有机会与各种客户和企业互动。

电子商务营销中英文对照外文翻译文献电子商务营销中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)电子商务在马来西亚中小企业的应用摘要：该研究项目旨在探讨电子商务是否适用于马来西亚马来洲的中小型企业。

主要参与研究的人群是马来西亚马来人的德瓦恩和吉兰丹州的登记入住人员，一共有302个受访者被选择参加我们的研究。

根据世界商界的一般假设，一致认为，电子商务的应用与全球经济的生存和挑战高度相关。

同时，获取知识和认识环境，应对和处理变化，加快业务决策的过程能够进一步提高中小型企业的竞争力。

通过应用建立的模型，我们的调查集中在5个可识别的变量，以表现采用电子商务对推动中小企业的实用性。

我们的分析表明，所有选择的变量对加强电子商务的应用，从而保持其在该行业的的竞争优势有显著意义。

关键词：电子商务应用物流营销采购安全中小企业1.介绍电子商务电子商务的出现正在根本性地改变商业进行的方式。

客户可以在其全面休闲的任何地方，任何时候购物，并且总是享受几乎没有任何成本的同等水平的服务。

显然，通过这种无纸化交易，顾客不再需要填写订购表格，或到经营场所去放置他们的订单。

什么事都可以在客户便利的条件下电子化地完成。

根据EDI报文（2000），即使中小企业因为缺乏专业知识和资金而可能有困难建立一个先进的网站，但是他们仍然需要电子商务去繁荣和持续生存。

许多个人和组织在用典型的方式去解释电子商务。

当企业开始意识到互联网作为强大媒体的角色开展业务，特别是在服务行业，因为它能够提高客户与供应商的关系，电子商务术语出现了。

电子商务是指主要的相关商业关系或交易通过互联网实现的流程，包括采购，营销，销售和客户支持。

劳顿和特拉弗形容电子商务涉及所有时间周期，速度和全球化，可以增强生产力，获取新顾客和跨机构分享知识，通过数字化实现跨边界产品和服务的交易。

电子商务是商业圈各种关系演变而成的。

它可以是企业对个人的形式（B2C），企业对企业（B2B）的形式，商业业务（BIB）的形式，和最后的个人对个人（C2C）的形式。

附件1：外文资料翻译译文电子商务战略1、隐私隐私权问题是网上环境与电子商务战略辩论，也是当今最热门话题之一。

隐私不仅影响消费者在线信心与信任，而且还可能造成潜在法律问题与伦理问题。

如果消费者不熟悉电子隐私，对企业在线做法感到不满意，很难想像电子商务将有一个繁荣未来。

事实上，根据最近一项民意调查显示...美国人说，他们对医疗保健与犯罪关注比不上他们对网上个人隐私损失关注。

并根据全球DMA沃思林所进展研究，近百分之六十购物者说，立法会需要使企业保持良好隐私政策。

互联网行业是建立在企业与客户之间信任之上 - 隐私是信任最重要成分。

除非他们有效地解决了隐私问题，否那么互联网公司将会失去信任，以及他们客户生意。

世界之窗万维网是一个巨大有方便信息数据库，是可以轻松获得人，公司，机构与许多其他组织资料来源。

这带来了关于互联网上隐私问题。

消费者隐私得到了实质性关注，因为我们进入了新时代在线商务环境。

互联网开展制定出了有关未来保护消费者隐私权许多新问题。

新技术，可以提高数据收集，不断变化市场趋势与新电子商务全球市场正在促使越来越重要信息在全球经济中重要作用。

由于有关资料显示，特别是已成为了一种有价值商品，可以带来更多就业时机，企业与客户效劳。

因此，这些因素带来了越来越大压力，收集、保存、处理与使用个人数据比以前更多了。

这些因素也减少了消费者隐私与消费者信心水平在这样环境中缺乏。

在某些情况下，公司没有披露根本技术与数据收集特点已经成为了他们自己网站关注焦点。

用户认为该网站提供者并没有通知他们正在发生事情对他们幕后数据有多大作用。

站在公司角度想，说明他们是在监测未经授权目，这种做法很可能造成严重信誉问题，并且会阻止网络用户访问其网站与参与建议。

对于这些关系着未来营销方法与隐私问题解决方案，有技术战略已经开展到有助于预防与防范并且可以识别网站与网友称其为数据磁铁。

它们包括Cookie，网络信标〔或网页错误，这是在网站与商业电子邮件软件代码插入追踪访问与运动时，建立配置文件〕，数据聚合〔个人电子邮件地址与第三方销售或市场营销传播集合〕，个性化、软件下载与社区站点之间共享数据。