(完整word版)HND商务文化与策略

H N D商务文化与策略 Company number【1089WT-1898YT-1W8CB-9UUT-92108】Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a hugeinfluence upon the regulation of business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is includinggovernment stability, taxation policy, social welfarepolicies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in theshort-term and long-term influence the wealth of apopulation. The economic is including interest rates,inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographicsimpact upon product design and spending by consumers. Itincludes lifestyle trends, education level, populationdemographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attentionon their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technologyinfluences production methods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people aren’t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design,and trading practices influence how businesses conductthemselves in the market. It may include like employment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take aruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of this legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOTis an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managers because it is quick and easy to learn.S: in the case, J D Wetherspoon claimed that people are itsbest asset. 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are alwayssatisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supportscomplimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad forcustomers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J DWetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. Thiswill let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it maybecause the children are hurt. All of these can loss thecustomers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoondevelop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazedoutlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. Thecompany also begun developing budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon. T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive theshare of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon.(c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and make comparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute.Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next: Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of theorganization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis.SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis lon g-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organizationcan significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophyand act as a quite to behavior and ways of dealing with anxiety. In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is itsorganizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and itprovides staff with opportunities to gain relevantqualifications such as those offered by the British Instituteof Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture isTerrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gaverise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we can know Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is‘involvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explainswhat an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have traditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture.Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days. So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture; it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. S o it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, itwill bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitiveadvantage from being able to produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’tmean low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad marketscope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition.2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfythe needs of customers, and the companies can de-sensitizeprices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin.So it needs to incur additional costs in creating itscompetitive advantage. It in a broad market scopeenvironment is in that the customers’ loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors.3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included costfocus and focus differentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows costproducer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow marketscope environment like low cost than the differentiationin a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitiveadvantage through differentiation within the niche orsegment. Its potential problems are small, specialistniches could disappear in the long term. Its associatedenvironment is in the narrow market scope, you can use aspecial product from the major developed marketcompetitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people areits best asset. This style is more different with others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking areaand so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits; here I only identify four about it: the company builds its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits are more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation. During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)when a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty firstcentury, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house” system and othercompetitor had been adapted it and developing theirbusiness. So J D Wetherspoon was facing much morecompetition. Many other competitors run the pub andreceive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturationof the pub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows thesupermarket began selling drinks, particularly premiumlarger, at loss-leader prices. This means that the pubcan not compare with supermarket in price. On the otherhand, government concern about binge drinking and theconsequent ant special behaviors, particularly in citycenters. This lead the decrease of new pub number andshares of J D Wetherspoon. They must to change to savetheir company.(e)(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next: Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or real Establishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasibleStructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change. About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points: Consistent communication consistently. In the J DWetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthlycompany video and by publicizing the minutes of broadmeeting. And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to thestaff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfullypioneered by the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During thedevelopment and growth of the company, the companyprovide real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area tokeep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitorsrun pubs to rentthe money.Government takes many police like concernabout binge drinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to beover-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon,like their staff, they have habit to theirruler and management. They want the steadyenvironment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon isvery strong, the culture has a strong effect onJ D Wetherspoon and its staff and its structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in theJ D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking andthink it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly inthe city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t been saw to beencouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and sharesand sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the futureoften in the distant future, and strategies for producingthe changes needed to achieve that vision. During the J DWetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide televisionprogram and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J DWetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs,then changes its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.。

HND商务文化与策略Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulationof business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the …tied house? system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term andlong-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the …tied house? system and other retail pub chains like RegentInns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact upon productdesign and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influences productionmethods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people aren?t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practicesinfluence how businesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include likeemployment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the …tied house? system, this ruling li mitedthe brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of this legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization?s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managersmanagers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers? health and it didn?t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer?s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn?t have children?s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as …quiet?. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub?s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs,this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon.T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon. (c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and makecomparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute. Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can?t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. Asimple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or …the way we do things here?. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization?s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behavi or and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as …unspoken rules? and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that theytake. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we can know Tim Martin is a …big man? in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture?s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a …lifestyle guarantee? which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company?s operation is …invol vement and communication?. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information?s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or …the way we do things here?. The founders of the organization have t raditionally had a major impact on the organization?s early culture. Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let itsstaff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture; it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn?t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage from being ableto produce at the lowest cost---…cost advantage is the focuses?, the low cost doesn?t mean low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition.2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers,and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers?loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors. 3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus and focusdifferentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than thedifferentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small,specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environmentis in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the majordeveloped market competitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company?s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company?s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits; here I only identify four about it: the company builds its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits are more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government?s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)when a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century,because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adapted it and developing their business. So JD Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. Many other competitorsrun the pub and receive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices. This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price. On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and the consequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers. This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of J D Wetherspoon. They must to change to save their company.(e)(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next: Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ?a unique value ? perceived or realEstablishing a key ?differentiator?Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasibleStructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, …movement and communication?, staffs arekeeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting.And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon?s …listening? policy is based on a system successfully pioneered by the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key …differentiator?. During the development and growth of the company, the company provide real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon?s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubs to rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to be over-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon,like their staff, theyhave habit to their ruler and management. They want the steadyenvironment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is very strong, the culture has a strong effect on J D Wetherspoon and its staff andits structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn?t been saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision.During the J D Wetherspoon?s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then changes its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.。

Business Culture and StrategyPrepared byStudent Number ：Date：Content1。

0 Introduction 02。

0 Main body 02.1 Porter’s generic strategic 02.2 Business strategies and strategic choice 02.3 Two different business strategies within Alphabet Games (1)2。

4 Forces for changes (1)2.5 Potential benefits (3)2.6 The role of management (3)2。

7 Possible impact of competing influences (4)2.8 Three—step change model (5)2.9 Suggestions on minimizing and overcoming resistance (6)3。

0 Conclusion (7)4.0 References (8)1.0 IntroductionThis report based on case study of Alphabet Games, mainly include business strategies, the main differences and working relationship between strategies and strategic choice，potential benefits，and analyze the role of management, the possible impact, as well as suggestions for resistance minimize within Alphabet Games。

Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulationof business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term andlong-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact upon productdesign and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influences productionmethods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people aren’t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practicesinfluence how businesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include likeemployment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of this legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managersmanagers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon.T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon. (c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and makecomparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute. Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behavi or and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we canknow Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘invol vement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have t raditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture. Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture; it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage from being ableto produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition. 2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers,and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors. 3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus and focusdifferentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than thedifferentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small,specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environmentis in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the majordeveloped market competitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits; here I only identify four about it: the company builds its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits are more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)when a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adapted it and developing their business. So JD Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. Many other competitorsrun the pub and receive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices. This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price. On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and the consequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers. This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of J D Wetherspoon. They must to change to save their company.(e)(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasibleStructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting.And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s ‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneered by the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, the company provide real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubs to rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to be over-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like their staff, theyhave habit to their ruler and management. They want the steadyenvironment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is very strong, theculture has a strong effect on J D Wetherspoon and its staff andits structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t been saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision.During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then changes its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.。

1。

0 Section 11。

1 PESTLPolitical: There was increasing public and government concern about binge drinkin g and the consequent antisocial behaviour, particularly in city centres. So that the Ma rtin is a noted euro-sceptic and in 2002 printed 500,000 beer mats and put up 10,000 t o save the pound.Economic: The supermarket began selling drinks。

This result in people drinking at home and this company lose its competitive prices. So J D saved the pound. Social: J D Wetherspoon does not serve complimentary crisps with baguettes. Custom ers thought that the fried food is not healthy.Also， they began to reduce the wine dri nking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine。

Technological: J D have plasma screens and can show TV programmers. There is a ventilation system (costing more than £100，000) which aims to ensure that customers do not leave smelling of smoke.Legal: The ‘tied house’ system had been broken by a ruling from the Monopolies cou ld operate. The government concern about binge drinking, so the pub need esta blish a range of rules. There was a law severely limited the number of pubs, so J D as a retailer stepped into market had gotten many advantages。

Business Culture and StrategyPrepared byStudent Number :Date:Content1.0 Introduction 02。

0 Main body 02.1 Porter’s generic strategic 02.2 Business strategies and strategic choice 02.3 Two different business strategies within Alphabet Games (1)2.4 Forces for changes (1)2.5 Potential benefits (3)2。

6 The role of management (3)2.7 Possible impact of competing influences (4)2。

8 Three-step change model (5)2。

9 Suggestions on minimizing and overcoming resistance (6)3。

0 Conclusion (7)4.0 References (8)1。

0 IntroductionThis report based on case study of Alphabet Games, mainly include business strategies，the main differences and working relationship between strategies and strategic choice，potential benefits, and analyze the role of management，the possible impact，as well as suggestions for resistance minimize within Alphabet Games.2。

Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes （1—5）Section 1：（a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types：political，economic，socio-cultural, technological，environmental and legal。

1.P：political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulationof business and the spending of consumers and other businesses。

The political is including government stability，taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations。

In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc，the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house' system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time。

And the government pays attention for the disadvantage。

2。

E: economic forces，as the state of a trading economy in the short—term and long-term influence the wealth of a population。

1.0 Section 11.1 PESTLPolitical: There was increasing public and government concern about binge drinkin g and the consequent antisocial behaviour, particularly in city centres. So that the Ma rtin is a noted euro-sceptic and in 2002 printed 500,000 beer mats and put up 10,000 t o save the pound. Economic: The supermarket began selling drinks. This result in people drinking at home and this company lose its competitive prices.So J D saved the pound.Social: J D Wetherspoon does not serve complimentary crisps with baguettes. Custom ers thought that the fried food is not healthy.Also, they began to reduce the wine drink ing. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.Technological: J D have plasma screens and can show TV programmersT. here is a ventilation system (costing more than 100,000) which aims to ensure that customers do not leave smelling of smoke.Legal: The ' tiehouse'system had been broken by a ruling from the Monopolies cou ld operate. The government concern about binge drinking, so the pub need esta blish a range of rules. There was a law severely limited the number of pubs, so J D as a retailer stepped into market had gotten many advantages.1.2 SWOTStrength: The kids can eat in the bar parents. In addition, they lower the price of bee r sold to a wide range of real beer.Moreover, J D places great importance on listenin g to and acting on, it has two-way communication from members of staff on all aspect s of the business about the feedback.Weakness: J D cannot meet the social-culture even it did have TV screens and its peaceful motto is also no longer fitted. So that the pubs cannot solicit tho se customer like music or TV lover. In 2001, J D had long been a stock market fa vourite but the share price also fell.Opportunities: Pubs are not only provide breakfast, but also built a dedicated f amily diningarea which make children and adults eat together. J D also begu n developing budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit o f J D . J D used to have a clear idea that it can choose what sort of pubs it wished t o operate and combined them perfectly while the other operators cannot did this.Threat: There are more and more competitors, such as Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarkets. The market appears too many supplier s o that the marketing competition is become fierce. External environment will influence on J D through opportunity and threaten. Threat could use opportunities to make weakness become strength.1.3 Effect of SWOTGuidelines for SWOT Analysis: First, keep it simple. It ' s important to focus on your organization. Moreover, be rooted in the now and don't get lost in the future.(http://www.ryerson.ca/~kjensen/strategic_planning/swot.html)With the change of time, the internal and external environment will change. So SWOT would change also. Strength and weakness belongs to internal which can analysis the internal information, and the opportunity and threaten belongs to external.Some strength, but also may be a weakness. So the organization should distinguish what is the strength or the weakness.A SWOT analysis is only be used for consulting, wecouldn 'use SWOT analysis to make strategy. Opportunity and threaten can be founded in PESTEL that implies many factor of external environment.2.0 Section 22.1 Value of CultureOrganizational culture encompassesvalues and behaviors that "contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization." (The Busines s Dictionary. Organizational culture 2015 ) In other words, culture is a kind of val ues and Shared a group of person take together constitute a surviving design standar d system.Shared value is a high-profile symbol, and a formal form. It can become embodied in theorganization ' s ideology or philosophy and act as a guide to behaviorayscbW dealing with anxiety, uncertainly and difficult events. The organizations need value ” From one part, it can help them to guide the behavior of employees and regulate the workers. On the other hand, “share/alue ” is the essential part of organizational culture. Assumption value is low-profile symbol, informal form and unspoken rules. The basic assumptions at very fundamental, almost sub-conscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. Due to unseenand not openly identified in the day to day interactions, these factors also called as unspoken rules”.In the case, pubs are commonly considered as socialize area, so the pubs always supply cheap food and comfortable communicating atmosphere. Even more when people have awareness of non-smoking, the pubs will set up a special area for non-smoking which meets the customer ' s needs.2.2 Type of CultureDeal and Kennedy created a model of culture that is based on 4 different type s of organizations. They each focus on how quickly the organization receives f eedback, the way members are rewarded, and the level of risks taken: Work-ha rd, play-hard culture; Tough-guy macho culture; Process culture and Bet-the-co mpany culture. (/explanations/culture/deal_kennedy_cultur e.htm) The mode of Deal and Kennedy will be used in judging which type is fit for th is company. Through the case, we can found that Tim Martin manages the compa ny with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff wor k hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D is suit th e work hard/play hard culture. They also have high level energy and customer-or ientation. J D provide lower prices of beer and good service, and maintenance.The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the inf ormation ' high-speed recreation, the feedback will rapid.The employees always have high-speed actions which result in high-speed recreation activities. J D als o does these suggestions quicklySo the risk is low.2.3 Relationship between Behavior and CultureOrganizational Behavio r is “thestudy of human behavior in organizational setti ngs, the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organi zation itself (Moorhead, G., & Griffin, R. W. /1995). Organisation behavior is the response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether i nternal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert,and voluntary orinvol untary. (Elizabeth,2014). The relationship between organisation behavior and org anisation culture is consistent relationship. In this case, there are numbers of id eas and suggestions are discussed each week in company meeting and staff are rewarded for their suggestion, staff can also discuss company issues with boar d members.2.4 Another culture typeAccording to DK model, J D could choose tough guy, which have higher risk and slower feedback than work hard/ play hard. J D can carry out more party to attract customer and take cost-advantage to confront competitor. And the type of tough guy mostly applies to this type of company which fast-moving financial and police force or athletes competing in team sports, and they are focus on the present rather than on the longer-term future, they make more short-term decisions. As the drawing of Christmas Eve, J D can plan a activity to promote their product and service. So the feedback is rapid, and exist high risk. However, even the reward of tough guy is high, it also may result in stress of staff and has influence on the performance of employees.3.0 Section 33.1 Business strategyThe main strategies are classified into four types: cost leadership, differentiation, focus differentiation and penetration.Cost leadership: is a concept developed by Michael Porter, used in business strategy. It describes a way to establish the competitive advantage. Cost leadership means the lowest cost of operation in the industry (Stahl, Grigsby, 1997) . The cost leadership is often driven by company efficiency, size, scale, scope and cumulative experience (learning curve). Acost leadership strategy aims to exploit scale of production, well defined scope and other economies, producing highly standardized products, using high technology. Business environment: strong competition and a threat of substitute products.Differentiation: is the process of distinguishing a product or service from others, to make it more attractive to a particular target market. This involves differentiating it from competitors' products as well as a firm's own products(Chamberlin, 1949). Business environment: The chosen basis for differentiation should be inherently difficult to imitate, and will probably need to be developed over time. It could reduce rivalry with competitors and improve customer loyalty.Focus differentiation: seeks a high price premium in return for a high degree of differentiation. It means focus on a well-defined and probably quite restricted market segment. Business environment: If the market was saturated, the focused differentiation could provide opportunities.Penetration: It measures the brand popularity. It is defined as the number of people who buy a specific brand or a category of goods at least once in a given period, divided by the size of the relevant market population(Farris, Bendle, Pfeifer, et al, 2010). Market penetration is one of the four growth strategies of the Product-Market Growth Matrix as defined byAnsoff. Business environment: In a stagnating market increase in sales cause there is only possible by grabbing market share from rivals.3.2 Strategy during the 1980s and 1990sDuring the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon adopted the differentiation. In the case, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, which has many pubs. The company aims to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it was always make its strategy in the pub chain, all actions of JD like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style. During the1980s and 1990s, JD built non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. The company thinks that the stuffs are its best asset.There are four benefits if J D Wetherspoon choose the differentiation: the company buildits own style and brand, form own customer group, the quick growing of expansion about share and scope, and the income is more than before.3.3 Strategy during the 21st centuryDuring the 21st century, J D Wetherspoon adopted the focus differentiation. In the case, they provided the differentiated products and services to meet the demands of customers. For instance, there are a dedicated family dining area, which children and adults can eat together. The different strategy could make the different effect to the organization structure, management style and organization culture.During the 1980s and 1990s the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon plc, instead of buying the other pubs. At that time, all the pubs' style is same, so it could use the same management style. But in the 21st century, while it also pays attention to the staffs, it try to change its style, manage model and the food what has provided.3.4 Two factorsBefore changing the strategy, J D Wetherspoon may considerexterior environment and industry life cycle.Exterior environment: When the company can not adapt to the changes in the external environment, the strategic drift occurs. Strategic management involves the formulation and implementation of the major goals and initiatives taken by a company's top management on behalf of owners, based on consideration of resources and an assessment of the internal and external environments in which the organization competes (Nag R, Hambrick D C, Chen M J.,2007).During the 21st century, the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the'tiehouse'system. Other pubs had been adapted it and developing their business. Therefore, there are much more competitors for JD. It led to the market saturation of pub. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Industry life cycle: The stages are the same for all industries, yet industries cycle throughthe stages in various lengths of time. Even within the same industry, various firms may be at different life cycle stages. Strategies of a firm as well as of competitors vary depending on the stage of the life cycle. The growth of an industry's sales over time is used to chart the life cycle. The distinct stages of an industry life cycle are: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline (reference for business, 2013). When the industry development to maturity, the company should consider the change In this case, the pubs industry has entered a mature stage so that the competitors will be more and more. So J D Wetherspoon needs considering different product form other pubs to attract customers. J D Wetherspoon pubs now serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning before normal licensing hours begin at 11.00 a.m.3.5 Business strategy and strategic choiceBusiness strategy: A business strategy typically is a document that clearly articulates the direction a business will pursue and the steps it will take to achieve its goals. It facilitates enterprise to achieve competitive advantage in the market, and create morebenefits.Strategic choice: Choose one of the most appropriate strategies as the company's strategy. For any organization, it faces a lot of options strategy. So every organization must make a strategic choice about which strategy they need to follow or adopt.In the case, we can know that J D Wetherspoon adopted the differentiation as its business strategy during the 1980s and 1990s. It supplies special environment quiet, clean, non-smoking to others. During the development of pubs, the other pubs also became to do special environment like that. Then J D Wetherspoon began to serve breakfast, show World Cup football and so on, it also develop new brand like and begun developing budget hotel to change its strategy. All these process of strategy is its strategic choice, which from differentiation to focus on difference strategy choosing.3.6 Two key issuesBeing clear about the direction and the development of company: J D Wetherspoon knowntheir development direction is to be distinctive and differentiation. It provides real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Make ensure every staff aware of strategy In this case, the staffs of J D Wetherspoon are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting. And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice. This management method greatly help the company and employees with their exchanging ideas and suggestions.。

hnd商务文化与策略Section 2: Organizational culture(a)Explain the organization culture in JD Wetherspoon in terms of “shared valued”and “taken for granted assumptions” in an organization. You should illustrate your explanation with ONE example of each element from the case study. For each example, you should say why it illustrates this aspect of organizational culture. Organizational culture consists of Artefacts, Espoused values and Basic underlying assumptions. Espoused values include strategies, goals, slogans, mission statements, etc, expressed by the members of the organization. Basic underlying assumptions include unconscious taken for granted beliefs, thoughts, perception, etc-the source of values and action. For examples, the company motto of JD Whetherspoon is ‘cleanliness, beer, service and maintenance’. Because of ex isting of the motto, all the staff and managers’ behavior will be regulated. So it belongs to shared values of JD Wetherspoon. Another is JD Wetherspoon has claimed that people are its best asset is also belongs to it. Policies such as lifelong training and lifestyle guarantee are reflected JD Wetherspoon place great important on their staff, it will form a shared value that people in this company are important. Another aspect of organization culture in JD Wetherspoon is when Euro is causing some adverse influence on pound, Tim Martin, the founder of JD Wetherspoon printed 500,000 beer mats and put up 10,000 ‘save the pound’ posters to encourage customers to think about the issue while they drink. Tim Marti n’s behavior without any consideration, as he doesn’t know Union leaders and others condemned hisactions. This is belongs to unconscious taken for granted of JD Wetherspoon.Routines: People in JD Wehtersponn from all kinds of different backgrounds will know about that everyone in this company will have a chance to be a manager only if you can keep patient and work hard all the time. Of course, all about this no one wi ll tell them directly. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘involvement and communication’. So, JD Wetherspoon places great importance on their staff. There is a normal way of undertaking task is staff can discuss company issues with visiting Board members like Tim Martin.Power and structures: Because JD Wetherspoon is a plc, the boards of the company have the power for decision making lies. Of course the members who hold the most shares can lead the final decision for the company, but the com pany’s operation is ‘involvement and communication’, so they need to discuss with their s taff and listen to their opinions. Ideas and suggestions are discussed each week in company meetings and staffs are rewarded for their suggestion.(b)Explain the type of culture that JD Wetherspoon has, using a recognized model oforganizational culture. Give examples to justify why you have chosen this type of culture.I think JD Wetherspoon belongs to type of Work hard/Play hard culture. There are some characteristics with this type of culture which can figure out in JD Wetherspoon.1). Rapid feedback/reward. JD Wetherspoon became a plc in 1992 at which time it consisted of a chain of 44 pubs. It now has over 600 pubs，which means that it hasexpanded on average at the rate of about one new pub eachweek. In 2002, about 10 years after flotation, its share price rose to more than ten times its original value. It can be seem from the examples that JD Wetherspoon’s reward is so rapid.2). Place great importance on communicating with staff. The company’s operation is involvement and communication. Staff are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthy company video and by publicising the minutes of Board meetings. Ideas and suggestions are discussed each week in company meetings and staffs are rewarded for their suggestions. All of these can make staff strive for high-quality customer service.3). Entertainment elements. With JD Wetherspoon acquired the Lloyds pub chain, they have plasma screens and can show TV programs. JD Wetherspoon pubs have been re-branded as Lloyds No1 Bars, including’ Moon Under Water’ i n L ondon’s Charing Cross Road, which has been renamed’ The Montague Pyke’ after a well-known London entertainment mogul. These recreation activities are features of work hard/play hard culture.4). Tim Martin, the founder of JD Wetherspoon, his some behaviors and character also has affected the organizational culture directly to some extent. For example, He has an unconventional image with shoulder length ginger hair and he dresses casually in clothes that are not always co-ordinate, and he carried all his business documents in two plastic supermarket carrier bags. He used to enjoy telling the story to his staff. In other word, he is an easy-going man and he might prefer to encourage communication between staff and managers. According to his behaviors, we also knew him a man with a lot of entertainment elements, and it would bring about some fresh and fashionable elements to his organization.5). Low risks. JD Wetherspoon was able to capitalize onchanges in the public house market. When the traditional link had been broken by a ruling from the’ Monopolies and Mergers Commission’. The majority of other public house operators were less able to decide on how to proceed in the changed market environment, but JD Wetherspoon had a clear idea what sort of pubs it wished to operate and was able to ensure that its approach was consistently maintained across all its outlets. So, it can be seen that JD Wetherspoon with low risks compared with other public house.(c)Using the type of culture you identified in part 2(b) above, what is the relationshipbetween organizational culture and organizational behavior in JD Wetherspoon? Organizational behavior is interacting with organizational culture in JD Wetherspoon. It can be pointed that organizational behavior leads to organizational culture, while organizational culture affects organizational behavior as well. For example, from the outset JD Wetherspoon had a policy of expansion, so its scale developed very quickly and its share price rose at a staggering speed. It formed a kind of rapid feedback organiz ational culture. When ‘tied house’ system had been broken by a ruling from the Monopolies and Mergers Commission, this kind of formed culture motivate them to capitalize on changes in the public house market, so they could continues to expand. Another instance is that staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings because of the company’s operation-involvement and communication. After then, it shaped a organizational culture which place great importance on communication with staff.However, it will affect organizational behavior, that is almostevery decision in the company is related to staffs, their opinions will affect the final decision to some extent. And the founder of JD Wetherspoon, Tim Martin, is a man with entertainment elements, so he put his idea into his pub. When it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, they have plasma screens and can show TV programs. And it has also begun developing budget hotel accommodation. All of these initiatives help the organization to form an entertaining culture.(d)To what extent would the management approach in JD Wetherspoon be different ifthe company had adopted a different culture? Again, make use of the same model that you used in part 2(b) above.First, we assume that JD Wetherspoon might adopt another type of culture-T ough guy/macho culture. We can see that both two types of culture have rapid feedback and rewards are high. According to the following statistics, we will get our answer. JD Wetherspoon became a plc in 1992 at which time it consisted of a chain of 44 pubs. It now has over 600 pubs, which means that it has expanded on average at the rate of about one new pub each week. In 2002, about 10 years after flotation, its share price rose to more than ten times its original value. It is also can be seen that both two types of culture apply to fast-moving financial activities. However, the difference is huge between these two types of culture, compared with Work hard culture, Tough guy culture is kind of high risk culture, as there is a focus on the present rather than on the longer-term future. For example, when ’tied house’ system ha d been broken by a ruling from the Monopolies and Mergers Commission. This had forced companies to choose between brewing and retailing, with the result that companies were selling off either their brewingoperations or their chains of public houses and hotels. Work hard culture company, like JD Wetherspoon entered the market as a retailer, but if JD Wetherspoon adopts Tough guy culture, they will not do this, because this way will hurt their company presently, so they might take a risk to ignore this situation and expand as they did. Another difference is source of stress between two types of culture. In Work hard culture, stress comes from quantity of work rather than uncertainty. However, in Tough guy culture, stress comes from high risk and potential loss/gain of reward. Because they apply high-speed recreation activities, staff and managers have a lot of works to do in Work hard culture, but they did not endure high risk or uncertainty, which those who work for Tough guy culture company, as they focus on the present rather on the longer-term future.。

Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulationof business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term andlong-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact upon productdesign and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influences productionmethods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people aren’t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practicesinfluence how businesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include likeemployment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of this legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managersmanagers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon.T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon. (c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and makecomparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute. Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behavi or and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we canknow Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘invol vement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have t raditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture. Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture; it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage from being ableto produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition. 2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers,and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors. 3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus and focusdifferentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than thedifferentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small,specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environmentis in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the majordeveloped market competitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits; here I only identify four about it: the company builds its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits are more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)when a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adapted it and developing their business. So JD Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. Many other competitorsrun the pub and receive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices. This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price. On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and the consequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers. This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of J D Wetherspoon. They must to change to save their company.(e)(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasibleStructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting.And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s ‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneered by the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, the company provide real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubs to rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to be over-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like their staff, theyhave habit to their ruler and management. They want the steadyenvironment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is very strong, theculture has a strong effect on J D Wetherspoon and its staff andits structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t been saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision.During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then changes its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.。

HND商务文化与策略商务文化与策略的目标是帮助企业了解和应对不同国家或地区的商业环境和文化差异，以便更好地进行国际商务活动。

在全球化的背景下，商务文化与策略的重要性日益凸显。

本文将讨论商务文化与策略的定义、重要性以及如何应用于实际商业活动中。

商务文化是指在商业活动中涉及到的各种文化因素，包括价值观、信仰、习俗、社会行为等。

通过了解并尊重不同文化的差异，企业可以更好地适应和融入当地市场，增强与当地客户、供应商和合作伙伴之间的合作关系。

商务文化也对企业的管理和组织有重要影响，例如在跨国公司中，要考虑到不同文化中的管理风格、决策模式和沟通方式。

商务策略是指企业在国际商务活动中采取的具体行动计划。

在全球化的竞争环境中，不同国家和地区的商业环境、法律法规以及市场需求都存在巨大的差异。

因此，企业需要根据所在市场的特点和目标制定相应的商务策略。

商务策略包括市场营销策略、供应链管理策略、品牌推广策略等。

通过制定有效的商务策略，企业可以提高市场竞争力，实现长期可持续发展。

商务文化与策略的重要性不容忽视。

首先，了解和尊重当地文化差异有助于企业建立良好的声誉和形象。

在国际商务中，企业的形象和声誉是非常宝贵的资产，可以影响客户的购买决策和合作伙伴的选择。

如果企业没有充分了解和尊重当地文化的差异，可能会引发误解、冲突甚至破坏商业关系。

其次，商务文化与策略也影响企业的经营成果和竞争优势。

通过了解当地市场的需求和消费习惯，企业可以开发出符合当地人口口味和需求的产品或服务，提高市场占有率和销售额。

同时，了解当地市场竞争对手的策略和优势，可以帮助企业制定更有竞争力的商务策略，提高市场竞争力。

最后，商务文化与策略的应用需要灵活性和持续学习的能力。

由于不同国家和地区的商业环境和文化差异不断变化和演变，企业需要不断学习和适应新的情况。

企业应该培养具有跨文化敏感度和能力的员工，建立与不同国家的合作伙伴网络，定期更新和调整商务策略，以适应不同文化和商业环境的变化。

Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence uponthe regulation of business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-termand long-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impactupon product design and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influencesproduction methods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people aren’t need to drink beeronly in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and tradingpractices influence how businesses conduct themselves in the market.It may include like employment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of this legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this candevelop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon. T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon.(c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and make comparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute.Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behavior and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in theday-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we can know Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture. The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘involvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have t raditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture.Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture; it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/rewardand low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage frombeing able to produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits.It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition.2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy theneeds of customers, and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’ loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors.3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus andfocus differentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than the differentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small, specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environment is in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the major developed marketcompetitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others. In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer andnon-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits; here I only identify four about it: the company builds its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits are more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided. (d)when a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changesin the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adaptedit and developing their business. So J D Wetherspoon was facingmuch more competition. Many other competitors run the pub andreceive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pubmarket. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices.This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price.On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and theconsequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers.This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of J DWetherspoon. They must to change to save their company.(e)(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasibleStructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch withweekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing theminutes of broad meeting. And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen tothe staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneeredby the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, the company provide real ale beers atrelatively low prices and care about child and disable, it buildnon-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces takeeffect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through twoforces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. Andthe other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm willbe changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider thecompany need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restrainingforces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubsto rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to beover-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like theirstaff, they have habit to their ruler and management.They want the steady environment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is verystrong, the culture has a strong effect on J DWetherspoon and its staff and its structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t been saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision. During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then changes its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others.It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.。

Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological,, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulation ofbusiness and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term andlong-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns an dPunch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact upon productdesign and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influences productionmethods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop, the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people isn’t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practicesinfluence how businesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include like employment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at sametime. All of these legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managers because it is quick and easy to learn.S: in the case, J D Wetherspoon claimed that people are its best asset. 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps withbaguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon.T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon.(c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and make comparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute.Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis.SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it isa system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behav ior and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the member s of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we can know Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘invo lvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company alwayspays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly. (c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have traditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture. Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture, it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage from being ableto produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition.2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers,and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’ loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors.3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus and focusdifferentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than the differentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small, specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environment is in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the major developed market competitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits, here I only identify four about it: the company build its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits is more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)When a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adapted it and developing their business. So J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. Many other competitors run the pub and receive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices. This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price. On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and the consequent ant special behaviors,particularly in city centers. This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of case form. They must to change to save their company.(e)Strategy is many things like plan, pattern, position, ploy and perspective. As position, strategy is the stance organizations take. Organizations can choose to: be a specialist provider; be the low-cost provider and so on. In the case, we can know that: at first, it supplies special environment quiet, clean, non-smoking to others. During the development of pubs, they all became to do special environment like that. Then J D W began to serve breakfast, show World Cup football and so on, it also develop new brand like ”L N O”, and begun developing budget hotel as “Wetherlodges”to change its strategy, all these process of strategy from differentiation to focus on difference strategy choosing is its strategic choice. So the strategy choosing is a process.(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasible and StructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting. And JD Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice, like their suggestionswetherspoon’s ‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneered by the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, it provides real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not. Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubs to rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about binge drinking,and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to be over-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like their staff, they havehabit to their ruler and management. They want the steadyenvironment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is very strong, the culturehas a strong effect on J D Wetherspoon and its staff and its structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t been saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision. During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then change its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between JD Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people, knowtheir needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company. (d)I will give some suggestions to J D Wetherspoon’s management, in order to help them analysis a change situation. I am introducing the three-step conceptual framework from Kurt Lewin to management. He has introduced the three-step change model in 1951 and has agreed the change that should be involved and concerned with the three stages and the individuals.The three stages like next:Unfreezing the present. Reducing the forces maintaining the organization in its present situation. Recognizing the need for change and important.In this stage, management need let their employees know the importance of the change. In the 21th centaury of the case of J D Wetherspoon, it faced more competition. Some other retail pub chains had been developing their business,and some of the pub are increasing the market appears to be over-supplied. The government limited the drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior. In a word, the market share, profit and sales are decreasing. So the company needs to change.Moving to the new level. Shifting the behavior of the organization to a new level by encouraging staff to adopt mew behavior and attitudes. The implementation of the change.In this stage, the employee needs to accept the mew business culture with the management’s help. Leader can use motivate methods to encourage employees say yes to the change. For instance, they can give rewards to employees, or so benefits. About J D Wetherspoon, it has some changes like: most pubs have a dedicated family dining area where children and their parents can eat together, and the pub began to serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, and pubs start to show TV program and the television football, and so on.Refreezing the new level. Stabilizing the organization in its new state of equilibrium by, for example, establishing a new culture or new structure that reinforces the change.In this stage, the behavior and attitudes of the employees needs managers’force to treat and adapt the new culture, and monitor is essential. Managers need to ensure the business changes’attitudes and concepts and the new business culture. The company of this case should adapt a number of methods to strength change and achieve fully implement the change.If it needs ensure the successful about fully implement change. We need adapt Kotter and Schlesinger’s management style in order to dealing with the resistance to change.Education and communication. In this method, leader needn’t presume the information and knowledge and passed downward through the organization automatically, on the other hand, they should communicate with the employee in every stage of change. In J D Wetherspoon, it adopts a key aspect of operation about “involvement and communication”. Employees always keep touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of board meetings. J D Wetherspoon does well in the acting and listening for their business. J D Wetherspoon can effectively use the method to communicate with staffs.In education aspects, J D Wetherspoon need set train classes for employees to improve the themselves, and ensure that staffs could adapt the new business culture and structures. In order to reduce the feel of worry, then will positive to change. Staffs clear up any misunderstandings and receive the full facts, the resistance will subside.Participation: the leader should let the employees to consultation process, and ensure them could obtain enough information of change. The manager also take them know they are valued; their opinion is valued for the company. This situation can ensure their information is right and immediate, and ensure the combat rumor and effectively combat employees feel they have lake ofinformation and communication. So it is difficult for individuals to resist change the idea in which they have participated.。

Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influenceare categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulationof business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The politicalis including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and thetrade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take aruling about broken the ‘ tied house ’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2.E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term and long-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interestrates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoonwas facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘ tied house ’ system and other retail pub chains likeInnsRegeandtPunch Taverns had been developing their businesses.And the supermarket beganselling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact uponproduct design and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends,education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, sothey began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kindof low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influences productionmethods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. Itwill include speed of introduction of new technologies,innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling inthe market. Because of this, people aren need’t to drink beer only in the pubs. Thiscan decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practicesinfluence how businesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include likeemployment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protectionand so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and theMonopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘ tiedhouse’system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at sametime. All of this legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization internal’s and external strategic environment isreferred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness,opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managersbecause it is quick and easy to learn.SWOT analysis for J D WethersponInternal Strength:Weaknesses:1.Staff. 1.Food.2.Good service and 2.Service for children.environment.External Opportunities:Threats:1.Different pub brand. 1.Other pubs compete.2.Developing budget hotel. ernment policy.S: in the case, J D Wetherspoon claimed that people are its best asset. 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training andadopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon providequiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all ofthese can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps withbaguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’ t distinguish the h degree, this might cause customer’ s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It alsodoesn’ t have children ’ s meals. This will let the customers ofunconvenient,adultand it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘ quiet But’. now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pubmusic dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TVprograms, this can attract much more customers. The company also begundeveloping budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profitof J D Wetherspoon.T:J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. Thegovernment policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer inthe century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon.(c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and makecomparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately.It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It isimportant remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute.Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, andwhere be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis.SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can ’ t use analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where arethe good opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that itis a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘ the way we d things here ’ . It acts as the social glue which holds the organization togetherResearch.shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which thecompany operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values becomeembodied in the organization ’ s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite tor behavi andways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company issatisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policywhich enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. Itis committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gainrelevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping,20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2.Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tellemployees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements ofculture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of themembers of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as‘ unspokenrules ’and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct theway events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishmentis non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and AllanKennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level ofrisk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to fourgeneric types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/playhard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we canknow Tim Martin is a ‘ big man ’ in his company; he manages the company with his mindand idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, andthen they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon issuit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture ’ s core valuekeepingis good customer service. In thecase,the company has a‘ lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for alife outside work. Another key aspect of the company’ s operation is vement‘involand communication ’Staffs. are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthlycompany video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The companyalways pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information ’ s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly. (c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The cultureof an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it alsoexplains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to defineprecisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning betweenmembers of an organization or ‘ theway we do things here ’The. founders of theorganization have raditionally had a major impact on the organization’ s early culture. Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubsenvironment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holidayin several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model oforganizational culture is process culture; it is focus on details and process excellence.However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. Thiskind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it paysattention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’ t paying much atte on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bogdown with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: costleadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage from beingable to produce at the lowest cost---‘ costadvantage is the focuses ’the, low costdoesn’meant low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad market scopeenvironment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition.2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers,and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price anda better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitiveadvantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers ’loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors.3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus and focusdifferentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that nicheor segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than thedifferentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage throughdifferentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small,specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environmentis in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from themajor developed market competitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth byacquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, wecan see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To itsstaff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more differentwith others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon isa pub chain, it has many pubs, the company ’ s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actionslike provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set themain point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’ situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits; here I only identify four aboutit: the company builds its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, theexpansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits are more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, andthrough the government s’policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, thenit begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlierin the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on.The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiringsuitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we cansee that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)when a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of theretail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house〞systemand other competitor had been adapted it and developing their business. SoJ D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. Many othercompetitors run the pub and receive the pay rent, this situation lead tosaturation of the pub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change itsbusiness strategy. Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows thesupermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leaderprices. This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price.On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and theconsequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers. This lead thedecrease of new pub number and shares of J D Wetherspoon. They must tochange to save their company.(e)(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value’perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator ’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasibleStructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’,staffs are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting.And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s ‘listening’policy is based on a system successfully pioneered by the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator ’.During the development and growth of thecompany, the company provide real ale beers at relatively low prices andcare about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for thecustomers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubs to rent themoney.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to be over-supplied. 2. Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like their staff, theyhave habit to their ruler and management. They want thesteady environment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is very strong, theculture has a strong effect on J D Wetherspoon and its staffand its structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn ’tbeen saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next: Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision. During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change. Aligning people:communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, itcommunicates and knows about customers needs, then changes its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.。

1：(1) Market PenetrationHere we market our existing products to our existing customer groups. This means increasing our revenue by, promoting the product， repositioning the brand， and so on。

However, the product is not altered and we do not seek any new types of customers. It involves an increase in sales of existing products to existing markets-selling more of the same to the same people. It has two methods； the first one is using the existing product break new market to penetrated， the other is offer new products to existing market to penetrate。

This strategy has the lower risk and don't need more investment。

It is suitable for the product being in the growth process, when the market is not saturated the business would growth in the market and increased volumes lead to economies of scale, especially for some business which not have some clearly goals and development strategies。

a. Strategy is getting it right and doing it right。

It is very important to organizations. Choosing strategy is direct effect organization’s development and future. And every strategy have advantages and disadvantages，so in the different complex situation, we can adopt different strategies to solve problems。

Now I will choose four possible strategies which the organizations may adopt。

The first is cost leadership strategy. Cost leadership is the low—cost leader in any market gains competitive advantage from being able to produce at the lowest cost。

Company can use low cost strategy defeat the competitors among the marketing environment.The second is differentiation. A competitive strategy that allows a company to sell its products for a premium price. This emphasizes creating superior products, products with unique or more desirable features or design。

HND商务文化与策略商务文化与策略是指企业在开展商务活动过程中所遵循的一套共同原则和行为准则。

商务文化是企业内部及与外部合作伙伴之间交流中显现出来的共享价值观、信念、态度和行为方式，而商务策略则是企业在市场竞争中所采取的规划和决策。

商务文化与策略的关系密不可分。

商务文化对于企业的发展具有重要的影响力。

企业秉持一种积极、诚信、创新和负责任的商务文化，能够加强员工的凝聚力和自律性，提高企业形象和竞争力，增强与合作伙伴之间的互信和合作，进而推动企业的持续发展。

商务文化还可以对形成企业特有的核心竞争力和品牌形象起到重要的作用。

商务策略是企业在竞争激烈的市场环境中，通过各种手段和方法来实现企业目标和利益最大化的规划和决策。

商务策略要适应市场环境的变化，与企业的商务文化相衔接，以提高企业的竞争力和市场份额。

商务策略的制定需要考虑到企业自身的优势和劣势，明确企业的目标与使命，分析市场需求和竞争对手的行为，选择适合的市场定位和竞争战略，并进行有效的执行和控制。

在制定商务策略时，企业需要充分考虑商务文化对策略的影响。

如果企业的商务文化强调团队合作、员工发展和客户至上，那么企业的商务策略应该注重培育和发挥员工的创新能力，建设优质的服务体系，提高客户满意度。

如果企业的商务文化强调效率、竞争和结果导向，那么企业的商务策略则需要注重提高生产效率、降低成本，开拓新的市场，实现销售目标。

在国际商务中，商务文化与策略更为复杂。

不同国家和地区有不同的商务文化，企业在跨国经营时要了解和尊重当地的商务文化，以建立良好的合作关系。

同时，制定适应不同国家和地区市场需求的商务策略也是非常重要的。

总之，商务文化与策略相互影响、相互促进。

企业在制定商务策略时要根据自身的商务文化特点，选择适合的发展方向和实施方法。

合理统一商务文化与策略，有助于企业形成独特的竞争优势，增强企业在市场中的影响力和竞争力，实现可持续发展。