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reform and opening up and in the modernization drive改革开放和社会主义现代化建设put into practice the guiding principles of the Sixteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) under the leadership of the CPC and the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents以邓小平理论和”三个代表”重要思想为指导，贯彻落实党的十六大精神Per capita GDP人均国内生产总值financial strength grew noticeably财力明显增强total government revenue全国财政收入total import and export volume进出口总额urban per capita disposable income城镇居民人均可支配收入rural per capita net income农民人均纯收入grew in real terms实际增长first manned spaceflight首次载人航天飞行overall national strength综合国力communicable disease传染性疾病mobilized the general public throughout the country to control the outbreak在全国范围内实行群防群控primary-level organizations基层组织prevention and treatment work预防救治工作anti-SARS campaign抗击非典斗争expand domestic demand扩大内需a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策macro-control宏观调控rectify and standardize the order of the land market 整顿和规范土地市场秩序stop disorderly and unauthorized acquisition of farmland制止乱征滥占耕地deposit-reserve ratio存款准备金率an appropriate amount of fine-tuning适度微调agriculture, rural areas and farmers"三农"major grain producing areas粮食主产区important raw and processed materials重要原材料strategic restructuring of the economy经济结构战略性调整the second phase of the key water control project at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River三峡水利枢纽二期工程transmitting natural gas from the west to the east 西气东输transmission of electricity from the west to the east 西电东送south-to-north water diversion project南水北调工程social undertakings社会事业treasury bonds国债national public health system全国公共卫生体系public health infrastructure公共卫生设施pilot projects试点项目medical care system and medical assistance system医疗制度和医疗合作制度central budget中央财政预算strategically important hi-tech research战略高技术研究industrial application of new and high technologies 高新技术产业化a national medium- to long-range program for scientific and technological development国家中长期科学和技术发展规划feasibility studies可行性研究family planning work计划生育工作land and resources administration国土资源管理social security work社会保障工作vital interests切身利益college expansion plan高校扩招计划regular institutions of higher learning普通高校"two guarantees" (guaranteeing that the living allowances for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises and that the pensions of retirees are paid on time and in full)"两个确保"（确保国有企业下岗职工的基本生活，确保离退休人员的基本生活，保证按时足额发放基本养老金）"three-stage guarantee" for laid-off workers"三条保障线"（国有企业下岗职工基本生活保障、失业保险、城市居民最低生活保障制度三条保障线）subsistence allowances for the urban poor城市居民最低生活保障special funds专项资金ex-servicemen退役军人disabled revolutionary servicemen革命伤残军人post-disaster reconstruction灾后重建the problem of wage arrears for migrant rural workers拖欠农民工工资问题institutional innovation体制创新state assets国有资产a mechanism for oversight and management of the banking sector银行业监管体系administrative examination and approval system行政审批制度Fresh progress was made in transformingstate-owned enterprises into stock companies.国有企业股份制改革继续推进。
一、十七大报告英文版部分Major progress was made in all-directional diplomacy. Pursuing an independent foreign policy of peace, China energetically carried out diplomatic activities, enhanced exchanges and cooperation with other countries in various fields and played a major constructive role in international affairs. This created a favorable international environment for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.The five years since the Sixteenth Co ngress was an extraordinary period. In order to accomplish the arduous tasks of reform and development in a compli cated and volatile international situation, the Party led the people of all ethnic groups in holding high the great bann er of Deng Xiaoping Theory and theimportant thought of Three Represents, overcoming difficulties and risks, creati ng a new situation in the cause of soci alism with Chinese characteristics and a ttaining a new realm in adapting Marxi sm to conditions in China.At its Sixteenth Congress the Party e stablished the important thought of Thr ee Represents as its guide and made the strategic decision to build a moder ately prosperous society in all respects. In order to implement the guiding pri nciples of the congress, the Central Co mmittee convened seven plenary session s, at which it made decisions on and a rrangements for major issues of overall significance such as deepening institutio nal restructuring, improving the socialist market-oriented economy, strengthening the governance capability of the Party, drawing up the Eleventh Five-Year Pl an (2006-10), and building a harmonious socialist society; and it formulated an d applied the outlook on scientific deve lopment and other major strategic thoug hts. All this helped the Party and the s tate score great new achievements. Economic strength increased substantia lly. The economy sustained steady and rapid growth. The GDP expanded by a n annual average of over 10%. Econom ic performance improved significantly, national revenue rose markedly year by year, and prices were basically stabl e. Efforts to build a new socialist coun tryside yielded solid results, and develo pment among regions became more bal anced. The endeavor to make China an innovative nation registered good progre ss, with considerable improvement in th e country's capacity for independent inn ovation. Notable achievements were sco red in the construction of infrastructure including energy, transport and telecommunications facilities and other key p rojects. Manned spaceflights were succe ssfully conducted. Fresh progress was registered in energy, resources, ecologic al and environmental conservation. The Tenth Five-Year Plan (2001-05) was f ulfilled successfully and implementation of the eleventh is in smooth progress.二、Manifesto of the Communist Party (最后六段)The Communists turn their attention chiefly to Germany, because that country is on the eve of a bourgeois revolution that is bound to be carried out under more advanced conditions of European civilization and with a much more developed proletariat than that of England was in the seventeenth, and France in the eighteenth century, and because the bourgeois revolution in Germany will be but the prelude to an immediately following proletarian revolution.In short, the Communists everywhere support every revolutionary movement against the existing social and political order of things.In all these movements, they bring to the front, as the leading question in each, the property question, no matter what its degree of development at the time.Finally, they labor everywhere for the union and agreement of the democratic parties of all countries.The Communists disdain to conceal their views and aims. They openly declare that their ends can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions.Let the ruling classes tremble at a communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win.WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!三、概括地说,马克思主义是一种世界历史的高度和眼界,而中国实际则是中国现实历史的具体阶段,由于近代以来的中国发展落后于世界历史的进程,因而两者存在着明显的差距,要结合就要寻找“结合点”。
2016年政府工作报告英文口语翻译（5）导读：本文2016年政府工作报告英文口语翻译（5），仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
2016年政府工作报告英文版学习笔记（5）四是着眼开拓发展空间，促进区域协调发展和新型城镇化。
Fourth,we promoted coordinated development between regions and the new type ofurbanization to expand development space.☆新型城镇化the new type of urbanization继续推动东、中、西、东北地区“四大板块”协调发展，重点推进“一带一路”建设、京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展“三大战略”，在基础设施、产业布局、生态环保等方面实施一批重大工程。
Work continued to promote the coordinated development of the eastern region, the central region, the western region, and the northeast; priority was placed onmoving forward with the Three Initiatives –the Belt and Road Initiative, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration initiative, and the Yangtze Economic Belt initiative. A number of major projects were also launched to develop infrastructure, improve the distribution of industries, and achieve ecological and environmental conservation.☆重点推进prioritywas placed on moving forward with···☆京津冀协同发展the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration initiative☆长江经济带the Yangtze EconomicBelt initiative☆在基础设施、产业布局、生态环保等方面实施一批重大工程A number of major projects were also launched to develop···improve···and achieve☆多用动词，让句子层次更分明更有力。
社会主义法治建设16字方针英文版全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: Building the Rule of Law under Socialism - An Easy GuideHi everyone! Today, let's talk about the important topic of building the rule of law under socialism. The rule of law means that everyone, no matter how big or small, must follow the laws of the country. This is very important because it helps to ensure fairness and justice for all.First of all, we need to understand that in a socialist society, the law is made to protect the interests of the people and to promote equality for everyone. This means that the laws are there to help us, not to harm us. It's like having rules in a game - they help to make the game fair and fun for everyone.One of the key principles of building the rule of law under socialism is that everyone is equal under the law. This means that no one is above the law, not even the rich or powerful. Everyone must abide by the same rules and be held accountable for their actions.Another important principle is that everyone has the right to seek justice through the legal system. This means that if you feel that your rights have been violated, you have the right to take your case to court and have it heard by a fair and impartial judge.In order to build a strong rule of law under socialism, it is important for everyone to understand and respect the laws of the country. This means that we need to educate ourselves about the laws and follow them in our daily lives. It's like following the rules in school - it helps to create a peaceful and orderly environment for everyone.We also need to have a strong and independent judiciary that can interpret and enforce the laws fairly and impartially. This means that judges and other legal officials must be free from any outside influence or pressure, so that they can make decisions based on the law and not on personal interests.Lastly, we need to promote the rule of law in our society by fostering a culture of respect for the law and for the rights of others. This means that we need to encourage people to resolve their conflicts through peaceful and legal means, rather than resorting to violence or intimidation.In conclusion, building the rule of law under socialism is essential for creating a fair and just society for all. By respectingand following the laws, seeking justice through the legal system, and promoting a culture of respect for the law, we can help to ensure a harmonious and prosperous future for everyone.Remember, the rule of law is like the glue that holds our society together. Let's all do our part to uphold and protect it! Thank you for listening, and let's work together to build a better and brighter future for all.篇2Socialist rule of law construction is a very important thing in our country. It means that everyone must obey the law and the law must be respected by all. Our government is working very hard to build a fair and just legal system.The government has made many laws to protect the rights of the people. For example, there are laws to protect workers' rights, laws to protect the environment, and laws to punish people who do bad things.The government also sets up courts to judge cases and make decisions based on the law. This is to ensure that justice is served and that everyone is treated fairly.In order to build a strong rule of law, the government also educates people about the law. People need to know what the law is and how to obey it. This way, everyone can live in harmony and peace.The rule of law is very important for our country. It helps to maintain order and stability. It also protects the rights of the people and ensures that everyone is treated equally.So let's all work together to support the construction of socialist rule of law. Let's obey the law, respect the law, and help build a fair and just society for all.篇3Socialist rule of law is at the core of our country's development. It is essential for building a harmonious society, protecting the rights of individuals, and ensuring justice for all. As primary school students, we may not fully understand the complexities of the legal system, but we know that following the law is important for everyone.The socialist rule of law promotes equality and fairness for all citizens. It ensures that no one is above the law and that everyone is held accountable for their actions. This helps tocreate a sense of justice in our society and prevents corruption and abuse of power.One of the key principles of socialist rule of law is the protection of individual rights. This means that everyone has the right to freedom of speech, religion, and assembly. It also means that everyone is entitled to a fair trial and due process of law. By upholding these rights, we can ensure that everyone is treated fairly and justly.Another important aspect of socialist rule of law is the promotion of social justice. This means that the law should work to reduce inequality and ensure that everyone has access to basic necessities such as education, healthcare, and housing. By promoting social justice, we can create a more equal and prosperous society for all.In conclusion, socialist rule of law is essential for the development of our country. It promotes equality, protects individual rights, and ensures social justice for all. As primary school students, we may not fully understand all the intricacies of the legal system, but we know that following the law is important for creating a fair and just society. Let's all work together to uphold the principles of socialist rule of law and make our country a better place for everyone.篇4Title: The Guiding Principles of Socialist Rule of Law ConstructionHey guys, do you know what the socialist rule of law construction is all about? Let me tell you in a fun and easy way!First of all, what is socialism? Socialism is a system where the government works for the good of all people, not just a few rich folks. And rule of law? It means that everyone, no matter if you're big or small, rich or poor, has to follow the laws.So, socialist rule of law construction is all about making sure that everyone is treated equally under the law and that no one is above the law. It's like playing a game where everyone has to follow the rules to make sure it's fair for everyone.One of the key principles of socialist rule of law construction is upholding justice and fairness. This means that the law should be used to protect people's rights and ensure that everyone is treated fairly. It's like making sure that everyone gets a fair chance to play and nobody cheats.Another important principle is promoting social harmony and stability. This means that the law should be used to resolveconflicts peacefully and prevent chaos. It's like being a good friend and helping to solve problems without fighting.And lastly, socialist rule of law construction is all about strengthening the legal system and rule of law awareness. This means that the government should make sure that everyone knows the laws and understands their rights and responsibilities. It's like knowing the rules of the game so that everyone can play together happily.So guys, remember that socialist rule of law construction is important to make sure that everyone is treated fairly, conflicts are resolved peacefully, and everyone knows the rules. Let's work together to build a fair and just society for everyone!篇5Title: Let's Learn about the Guiding Principles of Socialist Rule of Law ConstructionHey guys, today we are going to learn about the guiding principles of socialist rule of law construction in a fun and simple way.First of all, what is the rule of law? The rule of law means that everyone is equal under the law, and the law must be followedby everyone, including the government. It is like having rules in a game that everyone has to follow to make sure things are fair and just.In our country, China, we follow the guiding principles of socialist rule of law construction. These principles are very important in making sure our society runs smoothly and people's rights are protected.The first principle is to uphold the leadership of the Communist Party. This means that the Communist Party is the leader in guiding the development of the rule of law in our country. The Party cares about the well-being of the people and wants to create a fair and just society for everyone.The second principle is to give priority to the people. This means that the rule of law should serve the interests of the people and protect their rights. It is important that everyone, no matter who they are, is treated fairly and with respect under the law.The third principle is to ensure justice and uphold the law. This means that laws should be enforced fairly and impartially, and justice should be served to those who break the law. It is important for everyone to follow the law and not take advantage of others.The fourth principle is to respect and protect human rights. This means that everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security, and their rights should be protected by the law. It is important for everyone to be treated with dignity and respect.The fifth principle is to promote transparency and accountability. This means that the government and officials should be open and transparent about their actions, and be accountable for the decisions they make. It is important for everyone to know what is going on in the government and hold officials responsible for their actions.By following these guiding principles, we can ensure that our society is fair, just, and respectful of everyone's rights. Let's all work together to uphold the rule of law and create a better future for ourselves and our country. Thank you for listening, and remember to always follow the rules!篇6Oh, hello everyone! Today I want to talk to you about the principle of building the rule of law under socialism. It's a big and important topic, so let's get started!Under socialism, the rule of law is very important. It means that everyone, no matter who they are, must follow the laws ofthe country. This helps to create a fair and just society where people can live and work peacefully.The first part of the rule of law is equality. This means that everyone is equal under the law, and no one is above it. So, whether you are a rich person or a poor person, you need to follow the same rules.The second part is justice. Justice means that when someone breaks the law, they should be punished fairly. This helps to protect people who do the right thing and punish those who do the wrong thing.The third part is democracy. Democracy means that people have a say in the laws that are made. This makes sure that the laws are fair and that everyone's voices are heard.Finally, the rule of law also means that the government must follow the laws. This helps to prevent corruption and abuse of power, and makes sure that everyone is treated fairly.So, in conclusion, the rule of law under socialism is very important. It helps to create a fair and just society where everyone is equal, justice is upheld, democracy is valued, and the government follows the laws. Let's all work together to build a better and more just society! Thank you for listening!篇7Socialist Rule of Law Construction GuidelineHi everyone, today I want to talk to you about the Socialist Rule of Law Construction Guideline. It's a super important topic, so let's dive right in!The Socialist Rule of Law Construction Guideline is all about making sure that our society follows the laws and regulations set by the government. It's like a rulebook that everyone needs to follow to make sure that everyone is treated fairly and equally.One of the key principles of the Socialist Rule of Law Construction Guideline is to protect the rights and interests of the people. This means that everyone, no matter who they are, should have the same rights and opportunities. It's all about making sure that no one is left behind and that everyone can live a happy and fulfilling life.Another important aspect of the guideline is to ensure justice and fairness in our society. This means that if someone does something wrong, they will be held accountable for their actions. It's all about making sure that everyone is treated fairly and that justice is served.The Socialist Rule of Law Construction Guideline also aims to promote social harmony and stability. By following the laws and regulations, we can create a peaceful and stable society where everyone can live in harmony and work together towards a better future.In conclusion, the Socialist Rule of Law Construction Guideline is super important for building a fair, just, and harmonious society. By following the laws and regulations, we can create a better world for everyone. So let's all do our part and make sure to follow the rules and regulations set by the government. Together, we can create a society that is fair, just, and harmonious for everyone. Thank you for listening!篇8Socialist rule of law is super duper important for our country! It's like the rules we have in our school, but for the whole country! The government makes sure everyone follows the rules to keep things fair and equal for everyone.The rule of law means that everyone, no matter who they are, has to follow the same rules. It's like when we play games at recess, we all have to follow the same rules to make sure everyone has fun and no one cheats. The government makessure that the rules are clear and that everyone knows what they are supposed to do.One of the most important things about the rule of law is that it protects everyone's rights. Just like we have rules against bullying in our school, the government has rules to protect our rights like freedom of speech and the right to a fair trial. The rule of law makes sure that everyone is treated equally and that no one is discriminated against.Another important part of the rule of law is that we have courts to settle disputes and punish people who break the rules. It's like when we have a problem with our friends, we can go to our teacher to help us solve it. The courts are like the teachers of the country, they make sure that everyone is treated fairly and that justice is done.The government is working super hard to make sure that the rule of law is strong in our country. They are passing new laws and making sure that everyone knows their rights. They are also making the courts better and more efficient so that everyone can get a fair trial.So remember, the rule of law is super important for our country. It helps to make sure that everyone is treated fairly andthat our rights are protected. So let's all follow the rules and make our country a better place for everyone!篇9Hello everyone! Today, let's talk about the principle of socialist rule of law in China. It's really important for us to learn about the law and how it works in our society.First of all, what is socialism? Well, socialism is a system where the government helps to create a fair and equal society for everyone. In China, the government is working hard to make sure that everyone is treated fairly and that everyone's rights are protected.One way that the government is doing this is through the rule of law. This means that there are laws in place that everyone has to follow, no matter who they are. These laws are meant to protect our rights and make sure that we are all treated equally.The government is working on building a strong legal system that is fair and transparent. This means that everyone has the right to a fair trial and that the law applies to everyone, no matter how rich or powerful they are.Another important aspect of the socialist rule of law is that everyone has the right to participate in the legal system. This means that we all have the right to speak up and defend our rights if they are being violated. The government is working on making sure that everyone's voice is heard and that everyone has access to justice.It's really cool to see how the government is working hard to build a fair and just society for everyone. By following the rule of law, we can all work together to create a better future for ourselves and for future generations.So let's all work together to learn more about the law and how it works in our society. Let's make sure that we all follow the rules and do our part to create a fair and equal society for everyone. Let's all be good citizens and help build a better China for everyone! Thank you for listening!篇10Socialist rule of law construction is super important!Hey there! Do you know what "socialist rule of law construction" is all about? Well, it's basically about making sure that everyone follows the rules and laws in our society. It's likehaving a big set of rules that we all need to follow to make sure everything runs smoothly.The main idea behind socialist rule of law construction is to promote fairness, justice, and equality for all. It's all about making sure that everyone is treated the same way and has the same rights and opportunities. This way, our society can be more harmonious and stable.One of the key principles of socialist rule of law construction is to protect the rights and interests of the people. This means that everyone, no matter who they are, should be treated with respect and dignity. It also means that everyone should have access to justice and legal protection.Another important aspect of socialist rule of law construction is to fight against corruption and injustice. This means that we need to make sure that those in power are held accountable for their actions and that everyone is equal in the eyes of the law. It's all about making sure that there is no favoritism or unfair treatment.In conclusion, socialist rule of law construction is really important for our society. It helps to promote fairness, justice, and equality for all. It also helps to protect the rights and interests of the people and fight against corruption and injustice.So let's all work together to make sure that we have a strong and fair legal system in our society!。
2016年政府工作报告英文口语翻译（6）导读：本文2016年政府工作报告英文口语翻译（6），仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
2016年政府工作报告英文版6六是促进社会和谐稳定，推动依法行政和治理方式创新。
Sixth, we developed new ways of conducting law-based administration and governance to promote social harmony and stability.☆比较典型的处理方法，把中文理解为目标+方法，英文叙述时先讲方法途径再说明目标。
在其他文本段落中，无论先说手段还是先说目标的都有，并不是太严格的规定。
重点在于体现逻辑。
☆依法行政conduct law-based administration and governance☆推动promote国务院提请全国人大常委会审议法律议案11件，制定修订行政法规8部。
政务公开加快推进，推广电子政务和网上办事。
The State Council submitted 11 legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress and enacted or revised eight sets of administrative regulations. Efforts were accelerated to increase government transparency and expand the application of e-government and onlineadministration.☆提请submit☆法律议案legislative proposal☆制定修订enact or revise☆部set☆行政法规administrative regulation☆网上办事online administration (转换角度，并非严格对应) 建立重大政策落实督查问责机制，开展第三方评估。
李克强总理政府工作报告精彩语录（英汉对照）1、过去一年，困难比预料的多，结果比预想的好。
In the last year, we met more difficulties but delivered a better performance than expected.2、我们深处着力，把改革开放作为发展的根本之策，放开市场这只看不见的手，用好政府这只看得见的手，促进经济稳定增长。
we endeavored to resolve deep-seated problems and difficulties, took reform and opening up as the fundamental way to advance evelopment, and gave full rein to both the invisible hand of the market and the visible hand of the government to promote steady economic growth.3、严守法规和标准，用最严格的监管、最严厉的处罚、最严肃的问责，坚决治理餐桌上的污染，切实保障舌尖上的安全。
We v.ill strictly follow laws and regulations and comply with standards, and apply the strictest ,possible oversight, punishment and accountability to prevent and control food contamination and ensure that every bite of food we eat is safe.4、对存在的问题，政府要先从自身找原因、想办法。
民之所望是我们施政所向。
要牢记责任使命，增强忧患意识，敢于担当，毫不懈怠，扎实有效解决问题，决不辜负人民的厚望。
对《党的十六大报告》英译文的评析作者：潘毅政来源：《科教导刊》2010年第14期摘要本文以对外宣传翻译中的“经济简明”策略原则为指导,分析了《党的十六大报告》的英译文。
一方面,文章在词语、句法两个层面上对《十六大报告》英译文进行了分析,指出了其中所存在的问题。
另一方面,文章运用认知思维,逻辑思维等分析方法和理论工具对《报告》中所存在的问题进行本质上的深入的论证,以此论述“经济简明”策略原则在政论汉英翻译中的指导作用。
关键词对外宣传认知思维逻辑思维中图分类号:H315.9文献标识码:A0引言本文从对外宣传文字翻译策略角度对《十六大报告》双语文本进行了对比分析,认为译文的主要问题在于:带有中式英语的特征和存在逻辑不清的错误。
之所以出现这些问题,有外部和内部原因。
外部原因主要是因为:一是对忠实原文的要求更严,为了政治上保险容易套用中文结构,导致译文机械呆板;二是带有中国特色的新词语新提法难以从英文词典中找到现成的对应词。
内部原因主要是:(1)译者对中文文本自身语言特征认识不足;(2)对英语民族语言文化和认知思维特征及其信息接受心理缺乏认识;(3)未能深入把握词语概念的认知语义特征。
本文针对《报告》英译文中的相关问题,从认知思维,逻辑思维方面出发,对《报告》中所存在的问题进行本质上的深入的论证。
1 对《报告》英译文的评析1.1 词汇层1.1.1 冗余性范畴/属性词范畴词是指表示同类事物的分类与概括性的词语,反映事物的外延,是众多外延上具有同类特征分子的集合。
属性词是指反映事物自身“状态、性质、特点”等的词语。
在中文里,范畴词和属性词经常出现,而在英语中则不然。
如:(1)坚持扩大内需的方针,实施科教兴国和可持续发展战略。
We should stick to the principle of expanding domestic demand and implement the strategy of national rejuvenation through science and education and that of sustainable development.在上述例子中,为了和中文相对应,在英译文里翻译出了方针和战略这两个范畴词。
党的十六大报告全文（中英对照）[小编提示]更多入党申请书请点击无忧考网以下链接:入党志愿书|入党申请书范文|入党申请书3000字|入党转正申请书|入党自传|入党介绍人意见7. Deepen the reform of the cadre and personnel system. Efforts should be made to form a vigorous personnel mechanism under which we can gather large numbers of talented people, put them to the best use and get them prepared for both promotion and demotion, calling them to the service of the Party and state. In reforming and perfecting the cadre and personnel system and improving the system of public servants, we should focus on establishing a sound mechanism of selection, appointment, management and supervision, with a view to making it scientific, democratic and institutionalized. In the matter of cadre selection and appointment, Party members and ordinary people should have more right to know, to participate, to choose and to supervise. With regard to leading cadres of the Party and government, it is necessary to implement the system of fixed tenures, the system of resignation and the system of accountabilityfor neglect of supervisory duty or the use of the wrong person. It is necessary to improve the system of giving cadres both positions and ranks and establish an incentive and guarantee mechanism for them. We should explore and improve the system of classified management of cadres and personnel in Party and government organs, institutions and enterprises. We should reform and improve the system of dual control over cadres. We should break with the notions and practices of overstressing seniiority in the matter of selection and appointment, encourage the rational flow of trained people and create a sound environment which makes it possible for outstanding people to come to the fore in all fields.深化干部人事制度改革。
For four years in a row（连续四年）a year-on-year increase（比上年增加）reform and opening up policy（改革开放政策）social programs（社会事业）per capita（每人的，人均的）after adjusting for inflation（扣除价格因素）moderately prosperous society（小康社会）macroeconomic regulatory（宏观调控）new socialist countryside（社会主义新农村）pursuant to the law（依法）rural migrant workers in cities（农民工）surplus production capacity（生产力过剩）opened to traffic（通车）energy conservation（节能）state-owned enterprises（国有企业）civil servant（公务员）made breakthroughs（取得突破）compulsory education（义务教育）miscellaneous fees（杂费）boarding schools（寄宿制学校）distance education（远程教育）secondary vocational schools（中等职业学校）incorporated villages（行政村）unincorporated villages（自然村）After years of effort（经过多年努力）basic cost of living allowances（最低生活保障）autonomous regions（自治区）free our minds（解放思想）keep pace with the times（与时俱进）Chinese socialism（中国特色社会主义）social harmony（社会和谐）special administrative regions（特别行政区）prudent fiscal policy.（稳健的财政政策）boosting domestic demand（扩大内需）cutting-edge（前沿）displaced residents（（三峡）移民）non-publicly funded schools（民办学校）school year（学年）communicable diseases（传染病）social safety net（社会保障）discharged military personnel（退伍军人）pyramid schemes（传销）pilot project（试点）Income Tax（所得税）futures market（期货市场）high value-added（高附加值）high-end（高端）cutthroat competition（恶性竞争）combat corruption（反腐）hand over foot（大手大脚）plug up loopholes（堵塞漏洞）People's Armed Police（武警）starting point and objective（出发点和落脚点）socialist market economy（社会主义市场经济）Scientific Outlook on Development（科学发展观）harmonious socialist society（社会主义和谐社会）tailor measures to suit local conditions（因地制宜）South-to-North Water Diversion Project（南水北调）administrative examination and approval（行政审批）follow a realistic and pragmatic approach（实事求是）exercise activities for the general public（全民健身活动）large-scale development of the western region（西部大开发）processing industry for agricultural products（农产品加工业）municipalities directly under the central government（直辖市）primary, secondary and tertiary industry（第一第二第三产业）deliver a good report to the people.（向人民交出满意的答卷）socialist cultural and ethical progress（社会主义精神文明建设）give full play to the initiative of each.（充分发挥各自的积极性）registering the third consecutive annual increase（连续三年增加）physically and mentally challenged persons（残疾人，肢残和智残）resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.（资源节约型和环境友好型社会）ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.（让全体人民共享改革发展的成果）。
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Comrades,Now I would like to make a report to the congress on behalf of the Fifteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC).The Sixteenth National Congress of the CPC is the first of its kind held by our Party in the new century. It is a very important congress convened by our Party in the new situation in which we have begun to take the third step of the strategic plan for socialist modernization.The theme of the congress is to hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, fully act on the important thought of Three Represents, carry forward our cause into the future, keep pace with the times, build a well-off society in an all-round way, speed up socialist modernization and work hard to create a new situation in building socialism with Chinese characteristics.As human society entered the 21st century, we started a new phase of development for building a well-off society in an all-round way and speeding up socialist modernization. The international situation is undergoing profound changes. The trends toward world multipolarizationand economic globalization are developing amidst twists and turns. Science and technology are advancing rapidly. Competition in overall national strength is becoming increasingly fierce. Given this pressing situation, we must move forward, or we will fall behind. Our Party must stand firm in the forefront of the times and unite with and lead the Chinese people of all ethnic groups in accomplishing the three major historical tasks: to propel the modernization drive, to achieve national reunification and to safeguard world peace and promote common development, and in bringing about the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on its road to socialism with Chinese characteristics. This is a grand mission history and the era have entrusted to our Party.I. Work of the Past Five Years and Basic Experience of 13 YearsThe five years since the Fifteenth National Congress of the CPC have been a period in which we have held high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and kept blazing new trails in a pioneering spirit, and a period in which we have continued to forge ahead triumphantly on the road to socialism with Chinese characteristics in spite of difficulties and risks.At the Fifteenth National Congress, Deng Xiaoping Theory was established as the Party’s guiding ideology, the Party’s basic program for the primary stage of socialism was put forward, and the objectives and tasks for China’s cross-century development were specified. Acting in thespirit of the congress, the Central Committee held seven plenary sessions at which it made decisions and plans on such major issues as agriculture and rural work, the reform and development of state-owned enterprises, the formulation of the Tenth Five-Year Plan (2001-2005) and the improv ement of the Party’s work style. Over the past five years, we have traversed an extraordinary course and scored tremendous achievements in reform, development and stability, domestic and foreign affairs and national defense and in running the Party, state and army.The national economy has maintained a sustained, rapid and sound development. By pursuing the principle of stimulating domestic demand and adopting the proactive fiscal policy and the sound monetary policy in good time, we overcame the adverse effects the Asian financial crisis and world economic fluctuations had on China, and maintained a relatively rapid economic growth. The strategic adjustment of the economic structure has been crowned with success. The position of agriculture as the foundation of the economy has been strengthened. Traditional industries have been upgraded. High and new technology industries and modern services have gained speed. A large number of infrastructure projects in such areas as water conservancy, transportation, telecommunications, energy and environmental protection have been completed. Significant headway has been made in the large-scale development of China’s western region. Economic returns have furtherimproved. National revenue has kept growing. The Ninth Five-Year Plan (1996-2000) was fulfilled and the Tenth Five-Year Plan has seen a good start.Reform and opening up have yielded substantial results. The socialist market economy has taken shape initially. The public sector of the economy has expanded and steady progress has been made in the reform of state-owned enterprises. Self-employed or private enterprises and other non-public sectors of the economy have developed fairly fast. The work of building up the market system has been in full swing. The macro-control system has improved constantly. The pace of change in government functions has been quickened. Reform in finance, taxation, banking, distribution, housing, government institutions and other areas has continued to deepen. The open economy has developed swiftly. Trade in commodities and services and capital flow have grown markedly. China’s foreign exchange reserves have risen considerably. With its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), China has entered a new stage in its opening up.Notable progress has been registered in improving socialist democracy and spiritual civilization. Continued efforts have been made to improve democracy and the legal system. New steps have been taken in political restructuring. The patriotic united front has grown stronger. Further progress has been made in the work relating to ethnic, religiousand overseas Chinese affairs. Fresh progress has been made in keeping public order through comprehensive measures. Science, technology, education, culture, health, sports, family planning and other undertakings have moved ahead. The media and publicity work as well as ideological and moral education have kept improving. The people’s cultural life has become increasingly rich and colorful.New strides have been taken in strengthening national defense and army building. Efforts have been redoubled to make the People’s Liberation Army more revolutionary, modernized and regularized. Our national defense capabilities and the army’s defense and combat effectiveness have further improved. The army, the armed police and the militia have played an important role in defending and building up our motherland.On the whole, the people have reached a well-off standard of living. The income of urban and rural residents has gone up steadily. The urban and rural markets have been brisk, and there has been an ample supply of goods. The quality of life of the residents has been on the rise, with considerable improvement in food, clothing, housing, transport and daily necessities. There has been marked progress in building the social security system. The seven-year program to help 80 million people out of poverty has been in the main fulfilled.Fresh progress has been made in the great cause of nationalreunification. The Chinese Government has resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Macao. The principle of “one country, two systems” has been implemented and the basic laws of Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions have been carried out to the letter. Hong Kong and Macao enjoy social and economic stability. Personnel, economic and cultural exchanges across the Taiwan Straits have kept increasing. The fight against “Taiwan independence” and other attempts to split the country has been going on in depth.New prospects have been opened up in our external work. In light of the developments and changes in the international situation, we have adhered to the correct foreign policy and related principles. We have carried out both bilateral and multilateral diplomatic activities extensively and taken an active part in international exchanges and cooperation. China’s international standing has risen still further.Party building has been strengthened in an all-round way. All the Party members have steadily intensified their study of Deng Xiaoping Theory. We have put forward and expounded the important thought of Three Represents. Good results have been produced in the intensive education in the need to stress study, political awareness and integrity and in the study of the “Three Represents”. An all-out endeavor has been made to build up the Party ideologically, organizationally and in work style. Our ideological and political work has been strengthened. Newsteps have been taken in the reform of the personnel system. The endeavor to build a clean and honest government and combat corruption has been going on in depth and yielding fresh notable results.Facts prove that the major policy decisions taken by the Central Committee at and since the Fifteenth National Congress are correct and accord with the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. Our achievements are the outcome of the united endeavor of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups of the country. They provide a more solid foundation for the future development of the cause of the Party and state.We must be clearly aware that there are still quite a few difficulties and problems in our work. The income of farmers and some urban residents has increased only slowly. The number of the unemployed has gone up. Some people are still badly off. Things have yet to be straightened out in the matter of income distribution. The order of the market economy has to be further rectified and standardized. Public order is poor in some places. Formalism, the bureaucratic style of work, falsification, extravagance and waste are still serious problems among some leading cadres in our Party, and corruption is still conspicuous in some places. The Party’s way of leadership and governance do es not yet entirely meet the requirements of the new situation and new tasks. Some Party organizations are feeble and lax. We must pay close attention tothese problems and continue to take effective measures to solve them.Our achievements over the past five years have been scored through reform and opening up, especially through our practice since the Fourth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee in 1989. These 13 years have witnessed a highly volatile international situation and a magni ficent upsurge of China’s reform, opening up and modernization. From the late 1980s to the early 1990s, there occurred serious political disturbances in China, drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Socialism in the world suffered serious setbacks. China was faced with unprecedented difficulties and pressure in its efforts to develop the socialist cause. At this crucial historical juncture bearing on the destiny of the Party and state, the Party Central Committee relied firmly on all the comrades in the Party and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups and unswervingly adhered to the line prevailing since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, and thus successfully brought the overall situation of reform and development under control and safeguarded the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. After Comrade Deng Xiaoping made remarks on his tour of the South, the Fourteenth National Congress decided to establish a socialist market economy as the goal of reform, thus ushering in a new stage for reform, opening up and the modernization drive. To develop a market economy under socialism is agreat pioneering undertaking never tried before in history. It is a historic contribution of the Chinese Communists to the development of Marxism. It has given expression to our Party’s tremendous courage to persist in making theoretical innovation and keeping pace with the times. The shift from the planned economy to the socialist market economy represented a new historic breakthrough in reform and opening up and brought about entirely new prospects for China’s economic, political and cultural progress. After the demise of Comrade Deng Xiaoping, we held high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and made pioneering efforts to advance the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics into the 21st century in an all-round way.Over the past 13 years, with clearly defined objectives, we worked with one heart and one mind and scored historic achievements. In 2001, China’s GDP reached 9.5933 trillion yuan, almost tripling that of 1989, representing an average annual increase of 9.3 percent. China came up to the sixth place in the world in terms of economic aggregate. On the whole, the people made a historic leap from having only adequate food and clothing to leading a well-off life. As is universally recognized, the 13 years have been a period in which China’s overall national strength has risen by a big margin, the people have received more tangible benefits than ever before, and China has enjoyed long-term social stability and solidarity and had a good government and a united people. China’sinfluence in the world has grown notably, and the cohesion of the nation has increased remarkably. The hard work of our Party and people and their great achievements have attracted worldwide attention and will surely go down as a glorious page in the annals of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.A review of these 13 years shows that we have traversed a tortuous course and that our achievements are hard won. We have responded confidently to a series of unexpected international events bearing on China’s sovereignty and security. We have surmounted difficulties and risks arising from the political and economic spheres and from nature. We have gone through one trial after another and removed all kinds of obstacles, thus ensuring that our reform, opening up and modernization drive have been forging ahead in the correct direction like a ship braving surging waves. We have attained these successes by relying on the correct guidance of the Party’s basic theory, line and program, on the high degree of unity and solidarity of the Party and on the tenacious work of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups around the country.Here, on behalf of the CPC Central Committee, I wish to express our heartfelt thanks to the people of all our ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people’s organizations and patriots from all walks of life, to our compatriots in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese,and to our foreign friends who care about and support China’s modernization drive!The practice of the 13 years has helped us acquire a deeper understanding of what socialism is, how to build it, and what kind of Party to build and how to build it, and we have gained most valuable experience in this regard.1. Uphold Deng Xiaoping Theory as our guide and constantly bring forth theoretical innovation. Deng Xiaoping Theory is our banner, and the Party’s basic line and program are the fundamental guidelines for every field of our work. Whatever difficulties and risks we may come up against, we must unswervingly abide by the Party’s basic theory, line and program. We should persist in arming the entire Party membership with Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory and using them to educate our people. We should continue to emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, keep pace with the times and make innovations in a pioneering spirit. We should respect the creativity of the general public and test and develop the Party’s theory, line, principles and policies in practice.2. Keep economic development as the central task and solve problems cropping up on our way forward through development. Development is the fundamental principle. We must seize all opportunities to accelerate development. Development calls for new ideas. We should stick to theprinciple of expanding domestic demand and implement the strategy of national rejuvenation through science and education and that of sustainable development. While seeking speed, we should pay attention to structure, quality and efficiency, and while propelling economic development, we should take into consideration population, resources and the environment. On the basis of economic growth, we need to promote all-round social progress, constantly better people’s lives and ensure that all the people share the fruits of development.3. Persevere in reform and opening up and keep improving the socialist market economy. Reform and opening up are ways to make China powerful. We must press ahead with the reform in all areas resolutely. The reform must be promoted realistically, comprehensively and progressively with breakthroughs made in key areas and emphasis placed on institutional improvement and innovation. We should follow the orientation of reform toward the socialist market economy and make sure that the market forces playan essential role in the allocation of resources under the state’s macroeconomic control. By both “bringing in” and “going out”, we should actively participate in international economic and technological cooperation and competition and open wider to the outside world.4. Adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles (*Note 1) and develop socialist democracy. The Four Cardinal Principles are the very foundationon which we build our country. We must uphold leadership by the CPC and consolidate and improve the state system-a people’s democratic dictatorship and the system of political power - the people’s congresses. We should uphold and improve the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation led by the Communist Party and the system of regional ethnic autonomy. We should promote political restructuring, develop democracy, improve the legal system, rule the country by law, build a socialist state under the rule of law and ensure that the people exercise their rights as the masters of the country.5. Attach equal importance to both material and spiritual civilization and run the country by combining the rule of law with the rule of virtue. Socialist spiritual civilization is an important attribute of socialism with Chinese characteri stics. Basing ourselves on China’s realities, we must carry forward the fine tradition of our national culture and absorb the achievements of foreign cultures in building socialist spiritual civilization. We should unceasingly upgrade the ideological and ethical standards as well as the scientific and cultural qualities of the entire people so as to provide a strong motivation and intellectual support for the modernization drive.6. Ensure stability as a principle of overriding importance and balance reform, development and stability. Stability is a prerequisite for reform and development. We should take into full consideration the momentumof reform, the speed of development and the sustainability of the general public. Continued improvement of people’s lives must be regarded as an important link in balancing reform, development and stability. We should press ahead with reform and development amidst social stability and promote social stability through reform and development.7. Persevere in the Pa rty’s absolute leadership over the army and take the road of fewer but better troops with Chinese characteristics. The people’s army is a staunch pillar of the people’s democratic dictatorship. It should meet the general requirements of being qualified politically and competent militarily and having a fine style of work, strict discipline and adequate logistic support, with a view to enabling itself to win battles and never degenerate, paying attention to strengthening itself through science and technology and building itself into a more revolutionary, modernized and regularized army. We must ensure that the army is forever loyal to the Party, socialism, the motherland and the people.8. Continue to unite with all forces that can be united with and increase the cohesion of the Chinese nation. We should hold high the banners of patriotism and socialism, strengthen the great solidarity of the people of all ethnic groups, and consolidate and develop the broadest possible patriotic united front. We need to strengthen our solidarity with the democratic parties and personages without party affiliation. We should handle well the work relating to ethnic minorities, religions andoverseas Chinese. We should adhere to the principle of “one country, two systems” and bring into full play every positive factor in a common endeavor to accomplish the grand cause of national reunification and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.9. Pursue the independent foreign policy of peace, safeguard world peace and promote common development. We will, as always, attach paramount importance to our state sovereignty and security. We will develop friendly relations and cooperation with all other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. We will oppose hegemonism and power politics and promote the establishment of a fair and rational new international political and economic order. In handling international affairs, we should observe and cope with the situation cool-headedly, adhere to the principle of mutual respect and seek common ground while shelving differences. We need to respect the diversity of the world, promote democracy in international relations and strive for a peaceful international environment and a good climate in areas around China.10. Strengthen and improve the Party’s leadership and propel the new great project of Party building. To run the state well, we must run the Party well first. To do this, we must be strict with the Party members. We must maintain the Party’s nature and purposes, strengthen and improve Party building in the spirit of reform, enhance the Party’s art of leadershipand governance, increase its capability of fighting corruption and guarding against degeneration and risks and make unremitting efforts to combat corruption. The Party must keep its flesh-and-blood ties with the people as well as its progressiveness, purity, solidarity and unity.The above-mentioned ten principles constitute the basic experience the Party must follow as it leads the people in building socialism with Chinese characteristics. This experience and the historical experience gained by the Party since its founding can be summarized as follows: Our Party must always represent the development trend of China’s advanced productive for ces, the orientation of China’s advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people. They are the inexorable requirements for maintaining and developing socialism and the logical conclusion our Party has reached through hard exploration and great practice.II. Implement the Important Thought of Three Represents in an All-Round WayTo open up new prospects for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we must hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and implement the important thought of Three Represents. As a continuation and development of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory, this important thought reflects newrequirements for the work of the Party and state arising from the changes in China and other parts of the world today. It is a powerful theoretical weapon for strengthening and improving Party building and promoting self-improvement and development of socialism in China. It is the crystall ization of the Party’s collective wisdom and a guiding ideology the Party must follow for a long time to come. Persistent implementation of the “Three Represents” is the foundation for building our Party, the cornerstone for its governance and the source of its strength.The important thought of Three Represents has been put forward on the basis of a scientific judgment of the Party’s historical position. Having gone through the revolution, reconstruction and reform, our Party has evolved from a party that led the people in fighting for state power to a party that has led the people in exercising the power and has long remained in power. It has developed from a party that led national reconstruction under external blockade and a planned economy to a party that is leading national development while the country is opening to the outside world and developing a socialist market economy. Keeping in mind the past, present and future of China and other parts of the world, we must accurately comprehend the characteristics of the times and the Party’s tasks, scientifically formulate and correctly implement the Party’s line, principles and policies, and study and settle questions concerning the promotion of China’s social progress and the improvement of Partybuilding. We should neither approach questions out of their historical context nor lose our bearings, and we should neither fall behind the times nor skip the stages, so as to ensure that our cause will advance from victory to victory.The implementation of the important thought of Three Represents is, in essence, to keep pace with the times, maintain the Party’s progressiveness and exercise the state power in the interest of the people. All Party members must be keenly aware of this basic requirement and become more conscious and determined in implementing this important thought.1. To carry out the important thought of Three Represents, the whole Party must maintain the spirit of keeping pace with the times and blaze new trails for the development of the Marxist theory. Upholding the Party’s ideological line, emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts and keeping pace with the times are decisive factors for our Party to retain its progressiveness and enhance its creativity. Keeping pace with the times means that all the theory and work of the Party must conform to the times, follow the law of development and display great creativity. Whether we can persist in doing this bears on the future and destiny of the Party and state.Innovation sustains the progress of a nation. It is an inexhaustible motive force for the prosperity of a country and the source of the eternalvitality of a political party. The world is changing, China’s reform, opening up and modernization drive are advancing and our peo ple’s great practice is progressing. All this urgently requires our Party to sum up new experience from practice, draw on the achievements of modern human civilization, broaden its fields of vision in theory and come up with new theses with the courage of the theory of Marxism. Only thus can our Party’s ideology and theory guide the whole Party and the entire people forward and inspire them to push ahead the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Theoretical innovation based on practice precedes social development and changes. Bringing forth new ideas in institutions, science and technology, culture and other fields through theoretical innovation, exploring the way forward in practice, never becoming conceited and never slackening our effort - these are the ways of running the Party and state, which we should follow for a long time to come.Innovation requires emancipating our minds, seeking truth from facts and keeping pace with the times. There is no limit to practice nor to innovation. We will surpass our predecessors, and future generations will certainly surpass us. This is an inexorable law governing social advancement. We must adapt ourselves to the progress of practice and test all things in practice. We must conscientiously free our minds from the shackles of the outdated notions, practices and systems, from theerroneous and dogmatic interpretations of Marxism and from the fetters of subjectivism and metaphysics. While upholding the basic tenets of Marxism, we must add new chapters of theory to it. While carrying forward the revolutionary tradition, we must acquire new experience. We should be good at seeking unity in thinking through the emancipation of our minds and guiding our new practice with the developing Marxism.2. To carry out the important thought of Three Represents, it is essential for the Party to give top priority to development in governing and rejuvenating the country and open up new prospects for the modernization drive. A Marxist ruling party must attach great importance to the liberation and development of the productive forces. Without development, it would be impossible to maintain the progressiveness of the Party, give play to the superiority of the socialist system and make the people rich and the country strong. The progressiveness of the Party is concrete and historical, and it must be judged by whether the Party promotes the development of the advanced productive forces and culture in present-day China and works to safeguard and realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. In the final analysis, it must be judged by the Party’s role in propelling history forward.In China, a large developing country with a backward economy and culture, where our Party is leading the people in the modernization drive,。
