东财 《大学英语 1》第一单元 课堂笔记

大学英语全新版第一册备课笔记Unit1-6 Unit 1 Growing UpBeautiful Boy) and ask questions.a.What does Lennon think of growing up? Is it easy or full of adventures?--Life becomes better as one grows up; it takes time to grow up; life is not always what one has planned, but is full of surprises; life is not easy; life is adventurous.2. The art of eating spaghetti.3. Why did Russell Baker enjoy writing ―The Art of Eating Spaghetti‖?4. Look at the title of Text A, then find out in which paragrapha similar phrase appears. Read that paragraph carefully and explain in your own words what the author mean by saying ―write for myself‖. (para. 5)1. Ask students to circle all the time words, phrases and clauses in Text A.2. Turn to Text OrganizationII. Cultural background1. Grade schools in the U. S.2. What American teachers wear in school:3. Spaghetti and the proper way of eating it:III. Language Study1.possibility: state of being possible; (degree of) likelihood (usu. Followed by that-clauseof of )--Is there any possibility of life on Mars / my becoming yourfriends?--They haven’t arrived. There is a possibility that they have taken the wrong road.2.associate (with): join or connect together; connect or bring in the mind--We associate Egypt with pyramids.--I can’t associate this gentle young woman with the radical political essays she has written. 3.anticipate: expect (usu. Followed by gerund or that-clause)--What do you anticipate from me / the college / the college English?--They anticipate that deaths from AIDS will have doubled by 2002.4.reputation: opinion held by others--Premier Zhu Rongji has a high reputation as a statesman in the world.--Jim Kerry has quite a reputation for being Comic.5.inspire:--What the doctors and nurses did inspired people to fight against the SARS.--The last leaf on the tree that never fell off inspired the dying patient with the will to live on.6.rigid: fixed in behavior; based on correct or accepted rules--If he had been a little less rigid about things, his daughter would not have left home at such a young age.--What do you have in your minds when thinking of a rigid teacher? Do you want me to be a rigid teacher?--The rigid headmaster would button up his clothes even on the hottest days.7.severe: 1) completely plain--wear a severe black dress--Earnest Hemingway is known for his severe writing style.2) stern, strict--Only those who have undergone severe training can be accepted into the air force.--Fu Lei was so severe with his son that even his wife would cry.3) causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, etc.--The severe chest pain experienced by the Vice-President proved to be a heart attack.--A factory must turn out newer and better products to win in the climate of severe business competition.8.tackle: deal with--Toshiba recently designed a robot that ca tackle almost any kinds of housework.--The classroom was quiet as students were busy tackling the final exam.9.recall: bring back to the mind; remember (usu. followed by noun / gerund, or that-clause) --I recognize the face but can’t recall her name.--I don’t recall ever meeting her.10.argument: disagreement, quarrel--The bride and her mother got into an argument / argued about whether to wear white or red on her wedding day.--Mary found that compromise was always the best policy when she had an argument with her husband.11.violate: act against--Speeding in downtown areas violates traffic regulations.--A country isn’t respected if i t violates and international agreement./doc/42d83ff79ec3d5bbfc0a740a.htm l pose: write or create (music, poetry, etc.)--John Lennon composed the song Beautiful Boy for his son.--The president’s speech is really brilliant. Do you think it was composed by himself or by someone else?composition13.avoid: keep or get away from (usu. Followed by noun / gerund)--The little boy who had broken a neighbor’s window ran away t avoid punishment / being punished.--He stayed away from the cafe so that he could avoid running into his former girl friend.14.take hold: become established--The idea of one child only has taken hold in many Chinese families.--Old habits die hard. That’s why you should stop smoking before the habit takes hold.15.off and on / on and off: from time to time, now and again; irregularly--It has been raining on and off for a week. That’s why the clothes feel damp.--doze off and on16.turn out: produce--New computers are soon outdated since newer models are turned out constantly.--American film studios turn out hundreds of films every year.turn in: hand in (work that one has done, etc.)--For your final grade, each of you must turn in 7-page paper.17.face up to: be brave enough to accept or deal with (a problem or difficulty)--Now that your daughter is born, you’ll have to face up to the responsibilities of being a father.--If you fail to the CET-4, how can you face up to it?18.put down: write down--The housekeeper put down the daily expenses in a little notebook.--I’ll put down your performances in the class as a part of your final evaluation.19.what’s more: in addition, more importantly--How can you love this man? He watches TV all day long, and what’s more, he seems not to have brushed his teeth for months!20.hold back: prevent the expression of (feelings tears, etc.)--People could hardly hold back their anger when they found that millions of dollars of public funds had been used to build luxurious houses for city officials.IV. Text Analysis1.Grammatical structures: sb. / sth. is said / believed / reported to do / be2.Writing strategy in Theme-related Language Learning Tasks (referred to T ext Analysis)3.Synonymous words or phrases in the text (see Text Analysis).1.Think alone: According to Mr. Fleagle, what is the very essence of the essay?--The essence of good essays is to write what one enjoys writing about.2.Check and discuss the rest of the after-text exercises.3.Text B.4.Theme-related Language Learning Tasks in class.Unit 2 Friendship1.Let the students listen to the song That’s What Friends are For.a.What is a fair weather friend?--one who is happy to stay with you when things are going well but leaves as soon as trouble arrives.b.According to the song, what are friends for?--for both good times and bad times.2.Survey—do you often write letters to friends?Sometimes we put off writing letters because we think letters can wait until other matters are dealt with, or because we think a phone call will do instead. But sometimes, as you are to find in this text, we may leave it too late to write, and letters are the best in expressing our innermost feelings.1.Find out how many questions the narrator asked the cabbie and what were the latter’sresponses.2.Questions for the students:a.At first, did you mistake Ed for the writer of this letter, like the storyteller did?b.When did you realize your mistake?c.Which round of question-and-answer leads to the mistake? (the second round)3.Point out that a surprising ending is sometimes adopted in stories.II. Text Organization.III. Cultural background: HalloweenHalloween is celebrated annually. It is on the night of 31 October, when people once believed that ghost could be seen. Now, in Britain and America, it is a time when children have parties, dress up as witches, make lanterns out of pumpkins from which the inside has been removed, and play ―trick or treat‖.Trick or treat is a traditional activity at Halloween. Children dress in costumes and visit houses. At each house they say ―Trick or tre at‖. This means that they will play a ―trick‖, or joke, on the people in the house unless they are given a ―treat‖, e.g. sweets or money. Most people prefer to give treats rather than having tricks played on them.IV. Language Study.1.available: able to be used, had, or reached--We have already used up all the available money.--Is that book available in our library?2.estimate: form a judgement about (a quantity or value)--How much do you estimate you will spend each month?--I estimated that the total cost for the treatment of the disease will go from $5,000 to $8,000.3.correspondence: 1) the act of writing, receiving or spending letters (不可加s, 但可加a,often followed by with + n.)--His interest in writing came from a long correspondence with a close college friend.2) the letters that sb. receives or sends (不可数)--Mary really never mentions her step-mother in her correspondence.4.practically: almost--he’d known the old man for practically ten years.--It is practically impossible for him to give up smoking.5.urge: try very hard to persuade urge sb. to do sth. / urge that-clause(虚拟语气should)--They urged the local government to approve plans for their reform programme.--I urged my cousin to take a year off to study drawing.--Sir Fred urged that Britain (should) join the European Monetary System.6.postpone: delay, put off7.reference: 1) make reference to:--It was strange that he made no reference to any work experience in his resume.His recent book makes reference to the political events of those days.2) the act of looking at sth. for information--Use the dictionary for easy refernce.--Keep their price list for further reference.8.absolutely: totally and completely--Funding is absolutely necessary if research is to continue.--It is absolutely important to strengthen your word power.9.mostly: almost all; generally--They have invested their money mostly in expensive real estate.--The guests at the wedding party are mostly friends of the bride.10.awful: (infml;) very great; very bad or unpleasant--I have got an awful lot of work to do.--I can’t bear the awful smell of cigarette smoke.11.destination: the place to which sb. is going or being sent--Singapore is still our most popular holiday destination.--Only half of the emergency supplies have reached theirdestination because of bad weather.12.be lost in / lose oneself in: be absorbed in, be fully occupied with--He was lost in playing computer games so he was unaware of my entering the room.--I had lost myself in thought.13.or something: used when you are not sure about what you have just said--The air fare was a hundred and ninety-nine pounds or something.--Here’s some money. Get yourself a sandwich or something / or something like that.14.go ahead (with + n.): continue, begin--The board of directors will vote today on whether to go ahead with the plan.--Henry will be late but we will go ahead with the meeting anyway.15.know / learn by heart: memorize, remember exactly--You have to know all the music by heart if you want to be a concert pianist.--The pupils are required to learn a classic pome by heart every day.16.may / might as well: (means that you will do it although you do not have a strong desire to do it and may even feel slightly reluctant about it.)--Anyway, you’re here; you might as well stay.--The post office is really busy—we’ll have to queue for ages to get served. We might as well go home.17.not much of a: not a good--Some people may think that doing housework for others isnot much of a career.--He is not much of a father, but he is an outstanding professor.18.kind of (AmE)/ sort of(BrE): a little bit, in some way or degree--She wasn’t beautiful. But she was kind of cute.--The boy’s description kind of gives us an idea of what’s happening.19.on one’s mind: in one’s though t--Dealings on the stock market have been on his mind all the time.--What’s on your mind now.--Your life and study are always on your parents’ minds.20.keep in touch with, lose touch with--The old man kept in touch with his children while living in a nursing home./doc/42d83ff79ec3d5bbfc0a740a.htm l e up: 1) happen, occur, esp. unexpectedly--―Sorry, I am late—something came up at home.‖2) be mentioned or discussed--The term ―Project Hope‖ has come up a lot re cently in the newspapers.22.hang out: 1) stay in or near a place, for no particular reason, not doing very much--I often hung out in coffee bars while I was unemployed.--We can just hang out and have a good time.--Where do you often hang out in the weekends?23.every now and then: sometimes, at times--every now and then some teachers have a desire to quit their tedious job.24.choke up: become too upset to speak--When he learned the news of his friend’s sudden death, he was so choked up that he couldn’t say a thing.25.right away: (infml) at once--I wrote him a letter and posted it right away.V. Text Analysis.1.Find out misleading sentences in the text.2.Check and discuss the rest of the after-text exercises.3.Text B.4.Theme-related Language Learning Tasks in class.Unit 3 Understanding Science1. Let the students listen to the recording and ask questions.a.What makes Hawking’s achievements so remarkable?--The contrast between the strength of his mind and the weakness of his body.2. Write down some scientific and technological discoveries that have changed or will change the way people live.3. Point at the discoveries and ask ―In what ways do these discoveries change our lives for the better / worse?‖--Television provides people with quick and easy access to information, education, entertainment, etc., but it also exposes children to violence, deprive families of time and the will to communicate with each other, etc…5.Conclusion: The same scientific and technological discovery can bring us good things and bad things. According t o Stephen Hawking, author of this text, it’s up to us to make changes head towards changing our lives for the better. If you turn to the Language Sense Enhancement, youwill find …1.Expository writing: exposition is the process of making a statement and then supporting itwith evidence.2.Turn to Text Organization Exercise 1.3.Style differences between narration and exposition (see Text Analysis):1.Stephen Hawking (1942 - )2.Frankenstein3.The Sky at Night4.Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955)III. Language Study:1.likely: adj., adv. It is likely that…, be likely to do sth.--It is likely that my roommate will win the first-class scholarship.--Falling from the bed to the ground is likely to do damage to your brain.--An earthquake is likely to strike the area in a year or two.2.anyway: anyhow (used to change the subject of a conversation or to support an idea orargument)--You say English is useless for you. Anyway you have to get the CET-4 certificate.3.moreover: in addition to what has been said; further; besides--Local people would like a new road. Moreover, there are good economic reasons for building one.--She saw that there was a man immediately behind her.Moreover, he was observing her strangely.4.inquire: seek information by questioning; ask inquire about / inquire wh-clause--I rang up to inquire about train times.--He asked for his key and inquired whether there had been any messages for him.5.initiative: 1) the ability to make decisions and take action without waiting for sb. to tellyou what to do--I wish my son would show a bit more initiative.--The workers are able to solve the problems on their own initiative.2) take the initiative: be the first one to take action to improve a situation orrelationship--don’t stand around wait ing for someone else to take the initiative.6.ensure: make sure ensure + n. / + that-clause--This new treaty will ensure peace.--Come early to ensure that you get a seat.assure: 向……保证，使确信，后接人称代词或表人的名词。

课文学习教师讲解：阅读技巧正确的阅读习惯要保证阅读的速度和准确性，就要采取正确的方法，摒弃那些不利于提高阅读效率的不良习惯，如头随着每行的开头到结尾左右摆动（head-moving），手指指着每一个单词逐字往前移（finger-pointing），或在阅读时嘴巴随视线的移动而逐字默读或轻轻地将每个词读出声来（lip-reading）。

这些都是不良的阅读习惯，影响阅读速度。

一般来讲，良好的阅读习惯应将头固定，手指离开书本，让眼睛来回移动，默读，这样可以提高阅读速度。

阅读时，我们的双眼在对成行成句的文字进行扫描。

这种扫描是跳跃式而不是逐词进行的。

眼睛跳跃式地不断把成组的信息传送到大脑，由大脑完成真正的阅读和理解过程：对由眼睛传来的信息进行分类和识别，并将之组成连贯的句子思想。

这两个过程是同时进行的，因此，眼睛扫描的速度越快，阅读的速度也就相应加快，而且理解也就越准确和完整。

相反地，一目一词的阅读方式不仅速度慢，而且影响理解，无法形成完整的概念。

如果能以意群或句子为单位进行阅读，我们的阅读速度可以大幅度的提高。

所谓意群，指的是那些有意义的语法结构或词组。

高效的阅读是将眼睛从一组词移向另一组词，即一个意群一个意群地阅读。

如下面用斜线分隔开意群的段落：Successful language learning/is active learning．/Therefore，/successful learners/do not wait/for a chance/to use the language；/they look for such a chance．/They find people/who speak the language/and they ask these people/to correct them/when they make a mistake．/They will try anything/to communicate．/They are not afraid/to repeat/what they hear/or say strange things；/they are willing/to make mistakes/and try again．/When communication is difficult，/they can accept information/that is inexact or incomplete．/It is more important/for them to learn/to think in the language/than to know the meaning/of every word．如果我们用一次一个意群，成组视读的方法去阅读这段文字，速度要比逐词阅读高好几倍。

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Unit 1 Growing UpPart I Pre-reading TaskListen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:1. Do you know who John Lennon was?2. Have you ever heard the song before?3. What does Lennon think of growing up? Is it easy or full of adventures?4. Can you guess what the texts in this unit are going to be about?The following words in the recording may be new to you:monster n. 怪物 prayer n. 祈祷Part IIText AWhen we are writing we are often told to keep our readers in mind, to shape what we say to fit their tastes and interests. But there is one reader in particular who should not be forgotten. Can you guess who? Russell Baker surprised himself and everyone else when he discovered the answer. WRITING FOR MYSELFRussell BakerThe idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn't until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold. Until then I'd been bored by everything associated with English courses. I found English grammar dull and difficult.I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write.When our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English I anticipated another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects. Mr. Fleagle had a reputation among students for dullness and inability to inspire. He was said to be very formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date. To me he looked to be sixty or seventy and excessively prim. He wore primly severe eyeglasses, his wavy hair was primly cut and primly combed. He wore prim suits with neckties set primly against the collar buttons of his white shirts. He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speaking that was so correct, so gentlemanly, that he seemed a comic antique.I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed. Late in the year we tackled the informal essay. Mr. Fleagle distributed a homework sheet offering us a choice of topics. None was quite so simple-minded as "What I Did on My Summer Vacation," but most seemed to be almost as dull. I took the list home and did nothing until the night before the essay was due. Lying on the sofa, I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it. The topic on which my eye stopped was "The Art of Eating Spaghetti."This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images. Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper table — Uncle Allen, my mother, Uncle Charlie, Doris, Uncle Hal — and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was still a little known foreign dish in those days. Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti,and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it. All the good humor of Uncle Allen's house reawoke in my mind as I recalled the laughing arguments we had that night about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth.Suddenly I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr. Fleagle. It was a moment I wanted to recapture and hold for myself. I wanted to relive the pleasure of that evening. To write it as I wanted, however, would violate all the rules of formal composition I'd learned in school, and Mr. Fleagle would surely give it a failing grade. Never mind. I would write something else for Mr. Fleagle after I had written this thing for myself.When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to turn in my tale of the Belleville supper. Two days passed before Mr. Fleagle returned the graded papers, and he returned everyone's but mine. I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr. Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and knock for the class's attention."Now, boys," he said. "I want to read you an essay. This is titled, 'The Art of Eating Spaghetti.'" And he started to read. My words! He was reading my words out loud to the entire class. What's more, the entire class was listening. Listening attentively. Then somebody laughed, then the entire class was laughing, and not in contempt and ridicule, but with open-hearted enjoyment. Even Mr. Fleagle stopped two or three times to hold back a small prim smile.I did my best to avoid showing pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure delight at this demonstration that my words had the power to make people laugh. In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling. It was the happiest moment of my entire school career. When Mr. Fleagle finished he put the final seal on my happiness by saying, "Now that, boys, is an essay, don't you see. It's — don't you see — it's of the very essence of the essay, don't you see. Congratulations, Mr. Baker."(797 words)New Words and Expressionsoff and onfrom time to time; sometimes 断断续续地；有时possibility n. 可能（性）take hold become established 生根，确立bore vt. make (sb.) become tired and lose interest 使（人）厌烦associate vt. join or connect together; bring in the mind 使联系起来；使联想assignmentn. a piece of work that is given to a particular person（分配的）工作，任务，作业turn out produce 编写；生产，制造agony: n. very great pain or suffering of mind or body （身心的）极度痛苦assign: vt. give as a share or duty 分配，分派anticipate: vt. expect 预期，期望tedious: a. boring and lasting for a long time 乏味的；冗长的reputation: n. 名声；名誉inability: n. lack of power, skill or ability 无能，无力inspire: vt. fill (sb.) with confidence, eagerness, etc. 激励，鼓舞formal: a. (too) serious and careful in manner and behavior; based on correct or accepted rules 刻板的，拘谨的；正式的，正规的rigid a. (often disapproving) fixed in behavior, views or methods; strict 一成不变的；严格的hopelessly ad. very much; without hope 十分，极度；绝望地excessively ad. 过分地out of date old-fashioned 过时的prima. (usu. disapproving) (of a person) too formal or correct in behavior and showing a dislike of anything rude; neat 古板的，拘谨的；循规蹈矩的；整洁的 primly ad.severe: a. completely plain; causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, etc. 朴素的；严重的，剧烈的necktie n. tie 领带jaw n. 颌，颚comic▲ a. 滑稽的；喜剧的 n. 连环漫画（册）antique n. 古物，古玩tackle vt. try to deal with 处理，应付essay n. 散文，小品文；论说文distribute vt. divide and give out among people, places, etc. 分发，分配，分送finally ad. at last 最终，终于face up to: be brave enough to accept or deal with 勇敢地接受或对付scan v. look through quickly 浏览，粗略地看spaghetti n. 意大利式细面条title n. a name given to a book, film, etc. 标题，题目 vt. give a name to 给…加标题，加题目于extraordinary a. very unusual or strange 不同寻常的；奇特的sequence n. 一连串相关的事物；次序，顺序image n. a picture formed in the mind 形象；印象；（图）像adult n. a fully grown person or animal 成年人；成年动物humor n. 心情；幽默，诙谐recall vt. bring back to the mind; remember 回想起，回忆起argument n. 论据，论点；争论respectable a. (of behavior, appearance, etc.) socially acceptable 可敬的；体面的；文雅的put down write down 写下recapture vt. (lit) bring back into the mind; experience again 再现；再次经历relive vt. experience again, esp. in one's imagination 再体验，重温violate vt. act against 违背，违反compose vt. write or create (music, poetry, etc.) 创作turn in hand in (work that one has done) 交（作业）command n.,v.命令，指令discipline n. punishment; order kept (among school-children, soldiers, etc.) 惩罚，处分；纪律what's more in addition, more importantly 而且，此外；更有甚者contempt▲ n. 轻视，轻蔑ridicule n. making or being made fun of 嘲笑，嘲弄；被戏弄open-hearted a. sincere, frank 诚挚的hold back prevent the expression of (feelings, tears, etc.) 控制（感情、眼泪等）avoid vt. keep or get away from 避免demonstration n. act of showing or proving sth. 表明；证明career n. 生涯，事业；职业seal n. 印，图章essence▲ n. the most important quality of a thing 本质；精髓congratulation n. (usu. pl) expression of joy for sb.'s success, luck, etc. 祝贺，恭喜Legally Blonde- A legal education means you will learn to speak in a new language. You will be taught to achieve insight into the world around you and to sharply question what you know. The seat you have picked will be yours for the next nine months of your life. And those of you in the front row beware. "The law is reason free from passion". Does anyone know who spoke thise immortal words? Yes? - Aristotle.- Are you sure?- Yes.- Would you be willing to stake your life on it?- I think so.- What about his life?- I don't know.- Well, I recommend knowing before speaking. The law leaves much room for interpretation but very little for self-doubt. And you were right. It was Aristotle.- Good job.- Now, I assume all of you have read pages 1-48 and are now well-versed in subject matter jurisdiction. Who can tell use about Gordon vs. Steele? Let's call on someone from the hot zone. Elle Woods?- Actually, I wasn't aware that we had an assignment.- Vivian Kensington. Do you think it's acceptable that Ms. Woods is not prepared?- No, I don't.- Would you support my decision to ask her to leave class and to return only when she is prepared? - Absolutely.- Now, Ms. Kensington, did diversity jurisdiction exist in this case?- No, it did not.- Good. How about in the case of Owens vs. McCullogh?- I can't believe that girl. So stupid. Who does she think she is?- Excuse me. Are you OK?- Do they put you on the spot like that all the time?- The professors? They tend to do that. Socratic method.- If you don't know the answers, they just kick you out?- You have Stromwell, huh?- Yes! Did she do that to you, too?- No. But she did make me cry once. Not in class. I waited till I got back to my room but she'llkick you right in the ball. Or wherever, you know. She's tough. She's really tough.- Great.- Don't worry, it gets better. Who else do you have?- I have Callahan, Royalton and Levinthal.- Let's see, speak up in Callahan's class. He really likes people that are opinionated. And in Royalton's class try to get a seat in the back. He spits when he talks about products liability. And for Levinthal, make sure you read the footnotes. That's where he gets a lot of his exam questions. - Right. Wow. I'm really glad I met you.Unit2 FriendshipPart I Pre-reading TaskListen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:1. Have you ever heard of Dionne Warwick? Have you happened to hear her sing?2. What does a fair weather friend mean?3. What does Dionne Warwick think friends are for?4. Does the song give you any idea of what the stories in this unit will be about?Part IIText AHow do you feel when old friends are far away? Do you make an effort to keep in touch? Sometimes it is easy to put off writing a letter, thinking that there will be plenty of time tomorrow. But then sometimes, as this story shows, we leave it too late. Perhaps reading it will make you want to reach for your pen.ALL THE CABBIE HAD WAS A LETTERFoster FurcoloHe must have been completely lost in something he was reading because I had to tap on the windshield to get his attention."Is your cab available?" I asked when he finally looked up at me. He nodded, then said apologetically as I settled into the back seat, "I'm sorry, but I was reading a letter." He sounded as if he had a cold or something."I'm in no hurry," I told him. "Go ahead and finish your letter."He shook his head. "I've read it several times already. I guess I almost know it by heart." "Letters from home always mean a lot," I said. "At least they do with me because I'm on the road so much." Then, estimating that he was 60 or 70 years old, I guessed: "From a child or maybe a grandchild?""This isn't family," he replied. "Although," he went on, "come to think of it", it might just as well have been family. Old Ed was my oldest friend. In fact, we used to call each other 'Old Friend' — when we'd meet, that is. I'm not much of a hand at writing.""I don't think any of us keep up our correspondence too well," I said. "I know I don't. But I take it he's someone you've known quite a while?""All my life, practically. We were kids together, so we go way back.""Went to school together?""All the way through high school. We were in the same class, in fact, through both grade and highschool.""There are not too many people who've had such a long friendship," I said."Actually," the driver went on, "I hadn't seen him more than once or twice a year over the past 25 or 30 years because I moved away from the old neighborhood and you kind of lose touch even though you never forget. He was a great guy.""You said 'was'. Does that mean —?"He nodded. "Died a couple of weeks ago.""I'm sorry," I said. "It's no fun to lose any friend —and losing a real old one is even tougher." He didn't reply to that, and we rode on in silence for a few minutes. But I realized that Old Ed was still on his mind when he spoke again, almost more to himself than to me: "I should have kept in touch. Yes," he repeated, "I should have kept in touch.""Well," I agreed, "we should all keep in touch with old friends more than we do. But things come up and we just don't seem to find the time."He shrugged. "We used to find the time," he said. "That's even mentioned in the letter." He handed it over to me. "Take a look.""Thanks," I said, "but I don't want to read your mail. That's pretty personal."The driver shrugged. "Old Ed's dead. There's nothing personal now. Go ahead," he urged me. The letter was written in pencil. It began with the greeting "Old Friend," and the first sentence reminded me of myself. I've been meaning to write for some time, but I've always postponed it. It then went on to say that he often thought about the good times they had had together when they both lived in the same neighborhood. It had references to things that probably meant something to the driver, such as the time Tim Shea broke the window, the Halloween that we tied Old Mr. Parker's gate, and when Mrs. Culver used to keep us after school."You must have spent a lot of time together," I said to him."Like it says there," he answered, "about all we had to spend in those days was time." He shook his head: "Time."I thought the next paragraph of the letter was a little sad: I began the letter with "Old Friend" because that's what we've become over the years —old friends. And there aren't many of us left. "You know," I said to him, "when it says here that there aren't many of us left, that's absolutely right. Every time I go to a class reunion, for example, there are fewer and fewer still around." "Time goes by," the driver said."Did you two work at the same place?" I asked him."No, but we hung out on the same corner when we were single. And then, when we were married, we used to go to each other's house every now and then. But for the last 20 or 30 years it's been mostly just Christmas cards. Of course there'd be always a note we'd each add to the cards —usually some news about our families, you know, what the kids were doing, who moved where, a new grandchild, things like that — but never a real letter or anything like that.""This is a good part here," I said. "Where it says Your friendship over the years has meant an awful lot to me, more than I can say because I'm not good at saying things like that. " I found myself nodding in agreement. "That must have made you feel good, didn't it?"The driver said something that I couldn't understand because he seemed to be all choked up, so I continued: "I know I'd like to receive a letter like that from my oldest friend."We were getting close to our destination so I skipped to the last paragraph. So I thought you'd like to know that I was thinking of you. And it was signed，Your Old Friend, Tom.I handed back the letter as we stopped at my hotel. "Enjoyed talking with you," I said as I took my suitcase out of the cab. Tom? The letter was signed Tom?"I thought your friend's name was Ed," I said. "Why did he sign it Tom?""The letter was not from Ed to me," he explained. "I'm Tom. It's a letter I wrote to him before I knew he'd died. So I never mailed it."He looked sort of sorrowful, or as if he were trying to see something in the distance. "I guess I should have written it sooner."When I got to my hotel room I didn't unpack right away. First I had to write a letter — and mail it.(1093 words)New Words and Expressionscabbie n. (infml) a taxi driverbe lost in/lose oneself in : be absorbed in, be fully occupied with 专心致志于windshield :n. (AmE) the glass window in the front of a car, truck, etc. （汽车的）挡风玻璃cab n. a taxi 出租车available a. able to be used, had or reached 可用的；可得到的apologeticallyad. showing or saying that one is sorry for some fault or wrong 道歉地，带着歉意地or something(infml)(used when you are not very sure about what you have just said) 诸如此类的事go ahead continue; beginknow/learn by heart :memorize, remember exactly 记住，能背出estimate vt. form a judgement about 估计might/may(just) as well 不妨，（也）无妨not much of a : not a good 不太好的keep up :continue without stopping 保持correspondence n. the act of writing, receiving or sending letters; letters 通信（联系）；信件practically :ad. almostkid :n. (infml) a childall the way 自始至终，一直neighborhood n. 街坊；四邻kind/sort of: (infml) a little bit, in some way or degree 有几分，有点儿lose touch 失去联系a couple of 几个；一对，一双guy n. 家伙；伙计tough a. (infml) unfortunate; difficult; strong 不幸的；困难的；坚固的；坚强的on one's mind 挂记在心头keep in touch (with) （及…）保持联系，保持接触come up :happen, occur, esp. unexpectedly （尤指意想不到地）发生，出现shrug v. lift (the shoulders) slightly 耸（肩）urge v. try very hard to persuade 力劝，催促postpone vt. delay 推迟，使延期reference n. 提及，谈到；参考，查阅absolutely ad. completely 完全地，极其 absolute a.reunion▲ n. （家人、朋友、同事等久别后的）重聚go by :(of time) pass （时间）逝去hang out (infml) stay in or near a place, not doing very much 闲荡；徘徊every now and then :sometimes, at timesmostly ad. almost all; generally 几乎全部；多半，大体awful a. (infml) (used to add force) very great; very bad or unpleasant 非常的，极大的；可怕的，糟糕的choke v. （使）窒息，堵塞choke up: become too upset to speak （因激动等）哽得说不出话；堵塞destination n. 目的地skip▲ v. 略过，跳过；跳跃sorrowful a. showing or causing sadness 伤心的，悲伤的 sorrow n.in the distance :far awayunpack v. take out (things) from (a suitcase, etc.) 打开right away :at once全新版大学英语综合教程第一册 Unit3Unit 3 Understanding SciencePart I Pre-reading TaskListen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:1. Who is it about?2. What questions interest him?3. What makes his achievements so remarkable?The following words in the recording may be new to you:universe n. 宇宙muscle n. 肌肉engage v. 及…订婚Part IIText AProfessor Hawking thinks it important to keep everybody in touch with what science is about. In this article he explains why.PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCEWhether we like it or not, the world we live in has changed a great deal in the last hundred years, and it is likely to change even more in the next hundred. Some people would like to stop these changes and go back to what they see as a purer and simpler age. But as history shows, the past was not that wonderful. It was not so bad for a privileged minority, though even they had to do without modern medicine, and childbirth was highly risky for women. But for the vast majority of the population, life was nasty, brutish, and short.Anyway, even if one wanted to, one couldn't put the clock back to an earlier age. Knowledge andtechniques can't just be forgotten. Nor can one prevent further advances in the future. Even if all government money for research were cut off (and the present government is doing its best), the force of competition would still bring about advances in technology. Moreover, one cannot stop inquiring minds from thinking about basic science, whether or not they are paid for it. The only way to prevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything new, and human initiative and inventiveness are such that even this wouldn't succeed. All it would do is slow down the rate of change.If we accept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to ensure that the changes they make are in the right directions. In a democratic society, this means that the public needs to have a basic understanding of science, so that it can make informed decisions and not leave them in the hands of experts. At the moment, the public is in two minds about science. It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of living that new developments in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because it doesn't understand it. This distrust is evident in the cartoon figure of the mad scientist working in his laboratory to produce a Frankenstein. It is also an important element behind support for the Green parties. But the public also has a great interest in science, particularly astronomy, as is shown by the large audiences for television series such as The Skyat Night and for science fiction.What can be done to harness this interest and give the public the scientific background it needsto make informed decisions on subjects like acid rain, the greenhouse effect, nuclear weapons, and genetic engineering? Clearly, the basis must lie in what is taught in schools. But in schools science is often presented in a dry and uninteresting manner. Children learn it by rote to pass examinations, and they don't see its relevance to the world around them. Moreover, science is often taught in terms of equations. Although equations are a brief and accurate way of describing mathematical ideas, they frighten most people. When I wrote a popular book recently, I was advised that each equation I included would halve the sales. I included one equation, Einstein's famous equation, E=mc2. Maybe I would have sold twice as many copies without it.Scientists and engineers tend to express their ideas in the form of equations because they needto know the precise values of quantities. But for the rest of us, a qualitative grasp of scientific concepts is sufficient, and this can be conveyed by words and diagrams, without the use of equations. The science people learn in school can provide the basic framework. But the rate of scientific progress is now so rapid that there are always new developments that have occurred since one wasat school or university. I never learned about molecular biology or transistors at school, but genetic engineering and computers are two of the developments most likely to change the way we live in the future. Popular books and magazine articles about science can help to put across new developments, but even the most successful popular book is read by only a small proportion of the population. Only television can reach a truly mass audience. There are some very good science programmes on TV, but others present scientific wonders simply as magic, without explaining them or showing how they fit into the framework of scientific ideas. Producers of television science programmes should realize that they have a responsibility to educate the public, not just entertain it.The world today is filled with dangers, hence the sick joke that the reason we have not been contacted by an alien civilization is that civilizations tend to destroy themselves when theyreach our stage. But I have sufficient faith in the good sense of the public to believe that we might prove this wrong.(812 words)New Words and Expressionsattitude n. 看法；态度likely a. probable 可能的 ad. probably 可能privileged a. having a special advantage 有特权的privilege n. 特权minority n. 少数do without 没有…而设法对付过去highly ad. very 很，非常risky a. full of danger; full of the possibility of failure, loss, etc. 危险的；有风险的nasty a. very unpleasant 令人难受的brutish a. 野兽般的，野蛮的anyway ad. (used to change the subject of a conversation or to support an idea or argument) anyhow 不管怎么说put/turn the clock back 倒退，开倒车cut off :stop providing (sth.); remove (sth.) by cutting 切断，中断；切下，剪下competition n. 竞争；比赛bring about :make (sth.) happen 引起，导致technology n. 技术moreover ad. 而且，再者inquiring a. showing an interest in knowing about things 好问的，爱探索的inquire v. 询问global a. worldwide, of the whole earth 世界的，全球的suppress▲ vt. keep from appearing 抑制；压制initiative n. 首创精神；主动inventiveness n. 发明才能，创造力slow down :make slower 减慢rate n. 速度；比率ensure vt. make sure 保证，确保democratic a. 民主的informed a. 有知识的，了解情况的；明智的inform vt. 告诉，通知expert n. 专家at the moment :now 此刻，目前in two minds 犹豫不决；三心二意steady a. constant; firm 平稳的；稳定的evident a. clear, obvious 明显的cartoon n. 漫画；动画片element n. 成分；元素astronomy▲ n. 天文学audience n. 观众；听众；读者series n. 连续；系列；系列节目fiction n. 小说；虚构harness vt. control and make use of 驾驭；利用background n. 背景acid a., n. 酸（性的）；酸味的（物质）greenhouse n. 温室nuclear a. 原子核的；核心的weapon n. 武器genetic▲ a. 基因的；遗传（学）的engineering n. 工程；工程学basis n. 基础lie in :exist or be found in 在于rote n. 死记硬背learn by rote 死记硬背地学习relevance n. 相关，关联in terms of 从…方面（或角度）来说；按照，根据equation n. 等式，方程（式）brief a. short; quick 简洁的；短暂的accurate a. exact 准确的，精确的mathematical a. 数学的halve vt. 将…减半tend vi. be likely to happen or have a particular characteristic or effect 倾向，趋向in the form of :having the shape of; existing in a particular form 呈…的形状；以…形式precise a. exact 精确的qualitative a. 定性的；性质上的grasp n. understanding 掌握，了解concept n. 概念sufficient a. as much as is needed, enough 充分的，足够的convey vt. make (ideas, feelings, etc.) known to another 传达；表达diagram n. 图表；图解framework n. 框架；结构molecular a. 分子的biology n. 生物学transistor n. 晶体管；晶体管收音机put across :cause to be understood 解释清楚，使被理解proportion n. 比例；部分truly ad. 真正地；确实地magic n. 魔术；魔力fit into :be part of a situation, system, etc.；be part of a group of people or things 适合；符合；属于responsibility n. 责任educate vt. teach or train 教育entertain vt. give pleasure to; have as a guest 给…以欢乐；招待hence ad. as a result, therefore; from this time 因此；从此contact vt. get in touch with 及…接触alien▲ a. foreign; strange 外国的；陌生的civilization n. 文明Proper NamesStephen Hawking 斯蒂芬·霍金Einstein 爱因斯坦（1879—1955,美籍德国理论物理学家）全新版大学英语综合教程第一册 Unit4Unit 4 American DreamPart I Pre-reading TaskListen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:1. According to Dr. Hertz, what did the American Dream mean to his grandparents?2. In Dr. Hertz's opinion, who wants people to believe in the American Dream? Why?3. Why does Dr. Hertz say the American Dream is in one's head and in one's pocket?4. What do you understand by the American Dream?The following words in the recording may be new to you:poverty n. 贫穷advertising n. 广告宣传Part IIText AThe American Dream means different things to different people. But for many, particularly immigrants, it means the opportunity to make a better life for themselves. For them the dream is that talent and hard work can take you from log cabin to White House. Tony Trivisonno did not rise quite so high, yet he managed to make his own dream come true.TONY TRIVISONNO'S AMERICAN DREAMFrederick C. CrawfordHe came from a rocky farm in Italy, somewhere south of Rome. How or when he got to America, I don't know. But one evening I found him standing in the driveway, behind my garage. He was about five-foot-seven or eight, and thin."I mow your lawn," he said. It was hard to comprehend his broken English.I asked him his name. "Tony Trivisonno," he replied. "I mow your lawn." I told Tony that I couldn't afford a gardener."I mow your lawn," he said again, then walked away. I went into my house unhappy. Yes, these Depression days were difficult, but how could I to turn away a person who had come to me for help? When I got home from work the next evening, the lawn had been mowed, the garden weeded, and the walks swept. I asked my wife what had happened."A man got the lawn mower out of the garage and worked on the yard," she answered. "I assumed you had hired him."I told her of my experience the night before. We thought it strange that he had not asked for。

大学英语第一册课文unit1大学英语第一册课文unit1《大学英语（第1册）》内容由浅入深、涉及面广，融知识性、越味性于一体。

语法讲解通俗易懂，有配套练习，便于巩固，使学生能准确掌握书中要点。

以下是小编整理的大学英语第一册课文unit1，欢迎阅读。

Section APre-reading ActivitiesFirst ListeningPlease listen to a short passage carefully and prepare to answer some questions.Second ListeningListen to the tape again. Then answer the following questions with your own experiences.1. What problems do you have in trying to learn English in your middle school?2. Why do you think the computer can help you in learning English?3. What other things do you think we can gain through English language learning?Learning a Foreign LanguageLearning a foreign language was one of the most difficult yet most rewarding experiences of my life. Although at times, learning a language was frustrating, it was well worth the effort.My experience with a foreign language began in junior middle school, when I took my first English class. I had a kind and patient teacher who often praised all of the students. Because of this positive method, I eagerly answered all the questions I could, never worrying much about making mistakes. I was at the top ofmy class for two years.When I went to senior middle school, I was eager to continue studying English; however, my experience in senior school was very different from before. While my former teacher had been patient with all the students, my new teacher quickly punished those who gave incorrect answers. Whenever we answered incorrectly, she pointed a long stick at us and, shaking it up and down, shouted, "No! No! No!" It didn't take me long to lose my eagerness to answer questions. Not only did I lose my joy in answering questions, but also I totally lost my desire to say anything at all in English.However, that state didn't last long. When I went to college, I learned that all students were required to take an English course. Unlike my senior middle school teacher, my college English teachers were patient and kind, and none of them carried long, pointed sticks! However, the situation was far from perfect. As our classes were very large, I was only able to answer a couple of questions in each class period. Also, after a few weeks of classes, I noticed there were many students who spoke much better than I did. I began to feel intimidated. So, once again, although for different reasons, I was afraid to speak. It seemed my English was going to stay at the same level forever.That was the situation until a couple of years later, when I was offered an opportunity to study English through an online course. The communication medium was a computer, phone line, and modem. I soon got access to the necessary equipment, learned the technology from a friend and participated in the virtual classroom 5 to 7 days a week.Online learning is not easier than regular classroom study; it requires much time, commitment and discipline to keep up withthe flow of the course. I worked hard to meet the minimum standards set by the course and to complete assignments on time.I practiced all the time. I carried a little dictionary with me everywhere I went, as well as a notebook in which I listed any new words I heard. I made many, sometimes embarrassing, mistakes. Once in a while I cried with frustration, and sometimes I felt like giving up. But I didn't feel intimidated by students who spoke faster than I did because I took all the time I needed to think out my ideas and wrote a reply before posting it on the screen. Then, one day I realized I could understand just about everything I came across, and most importantly, I could "say" anything I wanted to in English. Although I still made many mistakes and was continually learning, I had finally reaped the benefits of all that hard work.Learning a foreign language has been a most trying experience for me, but one that I wouldn't trade for anything. Not only did learning another language teach me the value of hard work, but it also gave me insights into another culture, and my mind was opened to new ways of seeing things. The most wonderful result of having learned a foreign language was that I could communicate with many more people than before. Talking with people is one of my favorite activities, so being able to speak a new language lets me meet new people, participate in conversations, and form new, unforgettable friendships. Now that I speak a foreign language, instead of staring into space when English is being spoken, I can participate and make friends.I am able to reach out to others and bridge the gap between my language and culture and theirs.Section BKeys to Successful Online LearningWhile regular schools still exist, the virtual classroom plays an important role in today's learning community. Job opportunities for students are expanding rapidly and more people of all ages are becoming aware of online learning that allows them to study at home. Online students, however, require unique qualities to be successful. The following list discusses some ideal qualities of successful online students.1. Be open-minded about sharing life, work, and learning experiences as part of online learning.Many different people find that the online method requires them to use their experiences and that online learning offers them a place to communicate with each other. This forum for communication removes the visual barriers that hinder some students from expressing themselves. In addition, students are given time to reflect on the information before replying. In this way, students can help to keep the online environment open and friendly.2. Be able to communicate through writing.In the virtual classroom nearly all communication is written, so it is critical that students feel comfortable expressing themselves in writing. Some students have limited writing abilities which need to be improved before or as part of the online experience. This usually requires extra commitment by these students. Whether working alone or in a group, students share ideas, perspectives and discussions on the subject being studied, and read about those of their classmates. In this way, students gain great insight from their peers, learning from each other as well as the instructor.3. Be willing to "speak up" if problems arise.Remember that instructors cannot see their students in an online course. This means students must be absolutely explicit with their comments and requests. If they experience technical difficulties, or problems in understanding something about the course, they MUST speak up; otherwise there is no way anyone can know something is wrong. If one person does not understand something, possibly several others have the same problem. If another student is able to help, she/he probably will. While explaining something to others, students reinforce their own knowledge about the subject.4. Take the program seriously.Online learning is not easier than study in regular classrooms. In fact, many students say it requires much more time and effort. Requirements for online courses are not less than those of any quality program. Successful students, however, see online learning as a convenient way to receive their education — not an easier way. Many online students sit at computers for hours at a time during evenings and on weekends in order to complete their assignments. When other people are finished and having fun is most likely the time when online students do their course work. Online students need to commit 4 to 15 hours a week for each course.5. Accept critical thinking and decision making as part of online learning.Online courses require students to make decisions based on facts as well as experience. It is absolutely necessary for students to assimilate information and make the right decisions based on critical thinking. In a positive online environment, students feel valued by the instructor, by their classmates and by their own work.6. Be able to think ideas through before replying.Providing meaningful and quality input into the virtual classroom is an essential part of online learning. Time is given to allow for careful development of answers. Testing and challenging of ideas is encouraged. Many times online students will not always be right; they just need to be prepared to accepta challenge.7. Keep up with the progress of the course.Online learning is normally sequential and requires commitment on the students' part. Keeping up with the face-to-face class and completing all work on time is vital. Once students get behind, it is almost impossible to catch up. Students need to want to be there and need to want the experience. The instructor may have to communicate with students personally to offer help and remind them of the need to keep up.Just as many excellent instructors may not be effective online facilitators, not all students have the necessary qualities to perform well online. People who have the qualities discussed above usually make very successful online students. If you have these qualities, learning online may be one of the best discoveries you will ever make.Section CTeaching Children at HomeRecord numbers of children are being taken out of school and taught by their parents at home. Up to 100 children a month are leaving the classroom because parents are not satisfied with schools. Around 15,000 families now teach their children at home, a rise of 50 per cent from last year, according to the latest figures.This present rise in home schooling is blamed on the nature of examinations, not getting children into the school of choice,and dissatisfaction with teaching methods. Some parents prefer keeping children home because of attacks by other students and a lack of discipline in schools. Researchers say, however, many families prefer teaching at home because they feel the idea of public schooling is not modern. They believe schools will be things of the past in 20 years as media technology, like the Internet, teaches children. 1. ______Under the law, parents must teach their children, whether at school or at home. Community officials are charged with protecting their schooling. Professor Meighan of Nottingham University says parents were fed up with the requirements of existing schools. For him, schools are an out-of-date concept from the days of the town crier（市政传令员）, when it was difficult to get information and a central person was needed to communicate knowledge. He also thinks parents are recognizing education is moving on and don't want their children to be held back by out-of-date methods. 2. ______Meighan suggests children will be taught at home using the Internet, computers, and video（录像片）. He thinks future schools will be small groups of children, sharing equipment in their homes. The teachers may become advisers who sort through the information. 3. ______Future schooling was questioned by Sir Christopher Ball of the Royal（皇家的`）Society of Arts. He thinks learning in the future will include an international curriculum and international standards. He sees some present models of schooling —community schools and home schooling, for example —becoming more central and other models, not yet existing, may develop. 4. ______How Personal Choice Brings O-Level Success at 13Leslie Barson is already running the type of school that researchers think will teach children in the future. Based partly at a community centre and partly in family homes, the Otherwise Club includes some 35 families around north London. Professional teachers are brought in to help with special subjects, but mostly parents and children work together on units like studying the Greeks or the American Civil War, reading about events, making costumes（戏装）, and learning how people used to live. 5.______ 6. ______Parents choosing home schooling say the freedom of home learning allows some children to sit one or two GCEs by the age of 13. Ms. Barson's own children, Luis, age 12, and 7-year-old Lilly, have never attended school. She pays around 2,000 pounds a year for private teachers to help in special areas. She set up the Otherwise Club six years ago with just a few students. She thinks the purpose of teaching children is to develop their self-worth. Her son agrees. Luis, now teaching himself math, said, "I like the freedom to learn things that interest me, especially music. I don't feel I am missing out on anything by not being at school because I am a member of various clubs and have friends who attend normal school." 7. ______ 8. ______The “Danger” of Separating StudentsHome schooling could change children's relations with their peers and older people because of long periods spent with their parents. Most professors agree future learning will be more centred around the home, and fear children could become isolated and shy. Professor Michael Barber of London University said pupils could spend half their time at school, half at home as a way to solve this problem. He believes very strongly that children need the experience of school to ensure the quality ofbeing taught the basics and being examined. He thinks children must spend time with peers to learn the rules of work in a democratic（民主的）society and to learn how to deal with relations with more people than just their parents. Margaret Rudland, head teacher in Hammersmith, also thinks children must experience actual peer relations. 9. ______ 10. ______。