k热电偶的芯片

k型热电偶

（K型热电偶）镍铬-镍硅热电偶

镍铬-镍硅热电偶（K型热电偶）是目前用量最大的廉金属热电偶，其用量为其他热电偶的总和。正极（KP）的名义化学成分为：Ni：Cr=90：10，负极（KN）的名义化学成分为：Ni：Si=97：3，其使用温度为-200~1300℃。

K型热电偶具有线性度好，热电动势较大，灵敏度高，稳定性和均匀性较好，抗氧化性能强，价格便宜等优点，能用于氧化性惰性气氛中。广泛为用户所采用。

K型热电偶不能直接在高温下用于硫，还原性或还原，氧化交替的气氛中和真空中，也不推荐用于弱氧化气氛中。

S型热电偶）铂铑10-铂热电偶

铂铑10-铂热电偶（S型热电偶）为贵金属热电偶。偶丝直径规定为0.5mm，允许偏差-0.015mm，其正极（SP）的名义化学成分为铂铑合金，其中含铑为10%，含铂为90%，负极（SN）为纯铂，故俗称单铂铑热电偶。该热电偶长期最高使用温度为1300℃，短期最高使用温度为1600℃。

S型热电偶在热电偶系列中具有准确度最高，稳定性最好，测温温区宽，使用寿命长等优点。它的物理，化学性能良好，热电势稳定性及在高温下抗氧化性能好，适用于氧化性和惰性气氛中。由于S型热电偶具有优良的综合性能，符合国际使用温标的S型热电偶，长期以来曾作为国际温标的内插仪器，“ITS-90”虽规定今后不再作为国际温标的内查仪器，但国际温度咨询委员会（CCT）认为S型热电偶仍可用于近似实现国际温标。

S型热电偶不足之处是热电势，热电势率较小，灵敏读低，高温下机械强度下降，对污染非常敏感，贵金属材料昂贵，因而一次性投资较大。

（R型热电偶）铂铑13-铂热电偶

铂铑13-铂热电偶（R型热电偶）为贵金属热电偶。偶丝直径规定为0.5mm，允许偏差-0.015mm，其正极（RP）的名义化学成分为铂铑合金，其中含铑为13%，含铂为87%，负极（RN）为纯铂，长期最高使用温度为1300℃，短期最高使用温度为1600℃。

0123456789-50-1.889-1.925-1.961-1.996-2.032-2.067-2.102-2.137-2.173-2.208-40-1.527-1.563-1.6-1.636-1.673-1.709-1.745-1.781-1.817-1.853-30-1.156-1.193-1.231-1.268-1.305-1.342-1.379-1.416-1.453-1.49-20-0.777-0.816-0.854-0.892-0.93-0.968-1.005-1.043-1.081-1.118-10-0.392-0.431-0.469-0.508-0.547-0.585-0.624-0.662-0.701-0.73900-0.039-0.0790.118-0.157-0.1970.236-0.275-0.314-0.353000.0390.0790.1190.1580.1980.2380.2770.3170.357100.3970.4370.4770.5170.5570.5970.6370.6770.7180.758200.7980.8380.8790.9190.9611.0411.0811.1221.162301.2031.2441.2851.3251.3661.4071.4481.4891.5291.57401.6111.6521.6931.7341.7761.8171.8581.8991.941.981502.0222.0642.1052.1462.1882.2292.272.3122.3532.394602.4362.4772.5192.562.6012.6432.6842.7262.7672.809702.852.8922.9332.8753.0163.0583.13.1413.1833.224803.2663.3073.3493.393.4323.4733.5153.5563.5983.639903.6813.7223.7643.8053.8473.8883.933.9714.0124.054温度℃01234567891004.0954.1374.1784.2194.2614.3024.3434.3844.4264.4671104.5084.5494.594.6324.6734.7144.7554.7964.8374.8781204.9194.965.0015.0425.0835.1245.1645.2055.2465.2871305.3275.3685.4095.455.495.5315.5715.6125.6525.6931405.7335.7745.8145.8555.8955.9365.9766.0166.0576.0971506.1376.1776.2186.2586.2986.3386.3786.4196.4596.4991606.5396.5796.6196.6596.6996.7396.7796.8196.8596.8991706.9396.9797.0197.0597.0997.1397.1797.2197.2597.2991807.3387.3787.4187.4587.4987.5387.5787.6187.6587.6971907.7377.7777.8177.8577.8977.9377.9778.0178.0578.0972008.1378.1778.2168.2568.2968.3368.3768.4168.4568.4972108.5378.5778.6178.6578.6978.7378.7778.8178.8578.8982208.9388.9789.0189.0589.0999.1399.1799.229.269.32309.3419.3819.4219.4629.5029.5439.5839.6249.6649.7052409.7459.7869.8269.8679.9079.9489.98910.02910.0710.11125010.15110.19210.23310.27410.31510.35510.39610.43710.47810.519温度℃热电动势（mV）（JJG 351-84）参考端温度为0℃K 型 热电偶 分度表 26010.5610.610.64110.88210.72310.76410.80510.84810.88710.92827010.96911.0111.05111.09311.13411.17511.21611.25711.29811.33928011.38111.42211.46311.50411.54511.58711.62811.66911.71111.75229011.79311.83511.87611.91811.9591212.04212.08312.12512.166温度℃012345678930012.20712.24912.2912.33212.37312.41512.45612.49812.53912.58131012.62312.66412.70612.74712.78912.83112.87212.91412.95512.99732013.03913.0813.12213.16413.20513.24713.28913.33113.37213.41433013.45613.49713.53913.58113.62313.66513.70613.74813.7913.83234013.87413.91513.95713.99914.04114.08314.12514.16714.20814.2535014.29214.33414.37614.41814.4614.50214.54414.58614.62814.6736014.71214.75414.79614.83814.8814.92214.96415.00615.04815.0937015.13215.17415.21615.25815.315.34215.39415.42615.46815.5138015.55215.59415.63615.67915.72115.76315.80515.84715.88915.93139015.97416.01616.05816.116.14216.18416.22716.26916.31116.35340016.39516.43816.4816.52216.56416.60716.64916.69116.73316.77641016.81816.8616.90216.94516.98717.02917.07217.11417.15617.19942017.24117.28317.32617.36817.4117.45317.49517.53717.5817.62243017.66417.70717.74917.79217.83417.87617.91917.96118.00418.04644018.08818.13118.17318.21618.25818.30118.34318.38518.42818.4745018.51318.55518.59818.6418.68318.72518.76818.8118.85318.89646018.93818.9819.02319.06519.10819.1519.19319.23519.27819.3247019.36319.40519.44819.4919.53319.57619.61819.66119.70319.74648019.78819.83119.87319.91619.95920.00120.04420.08620.12920.17249020.21420.25720.29920.34220.38520.42720.4720.51220.55520.598温度℃012345678950020.6420.68320.72520.76820.81120.85320.89620.93820.98121.02451021.06621.10921.15221.19421.23721.2821.32221.36521.40721.4552021.49321.53521.57821.62121.66321.70621.74921.79121.83421.87653021.91921.96222.00422.04722.0922.13222.17522.21822.2622.30354022.34622.38822.43122.47322.51622.55922.60122.64422.68722.72955022.77222.81522.85722.922.94222.98523.02823.0723.11323.15656023.19823.24123.28423.32623.36923.41123.45423.49723.53923.58257023.62423.66723.7123.75223.79523.83723.8823.92323.96524.00858024.0524.09324.13624.17824.22124.26324.30624.34824.39124.43459024.47624.51924.56124.60424.64624.68924.73124.77424.81724.85960024.90224.94424.98725.02925.07225.11425.15725.19925.24225.28461025.32725.36925.41225.45425.49725.53925.58225.62425.66625.70962025.75125.79425.83625.87925.92125.96426.00626.04826.09126.13363026.17626.21826.2626.30326.34526.38726.4326.47226.51526.55764026.59926.64226.68426.72626.76926.81126.85326.89626.93826.9865027.02227.06527.10727.14927.19227.23427.27627.31827.36127.40366027.44527.48727.52927.57227.61427.65627.69827.7427.78327.82567027.86727.90927.95127.99328.03528.07828.1228.16228.20428.24668028.28828.3328.37228.41428.45628.49828.5428.58328.62528.66769028.70928.75128.79328.83528.87728.91928.96129.00229.04429.086温度℃012345678970029.12829.1729.21229.26429.29629.33829.3829.42229.46429.50571029.54729.58929.63129.67329.71529.75629.79829.8429.88229.92472029.96530.00730.04930.09130.13230.17430.21620.25730.29930.34173030.38330.42430.46630.50830.54930.59130.63230.67430.71630.75774030.79930.8430.88230.92430.96531.00731.04831.0931.13131.17375031.21431.25631.29731.33931.3831.42231.46331.50431.54631.58776031.62931.6731.71231.75331.79431.83631.87731.91831.9632.00177032.04232.08432.12532.16632.20732.24932.2932.33132.37232.41478032.45532.49632.53732.57832.61932.66132.70232.74332.78432.82579032.86632.90732.94832.9933.03133.07233.11333.15433.19533.23680033.27733.31833.35933.433.44133.48233.52333.56433.60633.64581033.68633.72733.76833.80933.8533.89133.93133.97234.01334.05482034.09534.13634.17634.21734.25834.29934.33934.3834.42134.46183034.50234.54334.58334.62434.66534.70534.74634.78734.82734.86884034.90934.94934.9935.0335.07135.11135.15235.19235.23335.27385035.31435.35435.39535.43535.47635.51635.55735.59735.63735.67886035.71835.75835.79935.83935.8835.9235.963636.04136.08187036.12136.16236.20236.24236.28236.32336.36336.40336.44336.48388036.52436.56436.60436.64436.68436.72436.76436.80436.84436.88589036.92536.96537.00537.04537.08537.12537.16537.20537.24537.285温度℃012345678990037.32537.36537.40537.44337.48437.52437.56437.60437.64437.68491037.72437.76437.83337.84337.88337.92337.96338.00238.042

K型热电偶分度表

温度（℃） 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

热电动势mV

0 0 0.0397 0.0794 0.1191 0.1588 0.1985 0.2382 0.2779 0.3176 0.3573

10 0.397 0.4371 0.4772 0.5173 0.5574 0.5975 0.6376 0.6777 0.7178 0.7579

20 0.798 0.8385 0.879 0.9195 0.96 1.0005 1.041 1.0815 1.122 1.1625

30 1.203 1.2438 1.2846 1.3254 1.3662 1.407 1.4478 1.4886 1.5294 1.5702

40 1.611 1.6521 1.6932 1.7343 1.7754 1.8165 1.8576 1.8987 1.9398 1.9809

50 2.022 2.0634 2.1048 2.1462 2.1876 2.229 2.2704 2.3118 2.3532 2.3946

60 2.436 2.4774 2.5188 2.5602 2.6016 2.643 2.6844 2.7258 2.7672 2.8086

70 2.85 2.8916 2.9332 2.9748 3.0164 3.058 3.0996 3.1412 3.1828 3.2244

80 3.266 3.3075 3.349 3.3905 3.432 3.4735 3.515 3.5565 3.598 3.6395

90 3.681 3.7224 3.7638 3.8052 3.8466 3.888 3.9294 3.9708 4.0122 4.0536

100 4.095 4.1363 4.1776 4.2189 4.2602 4.3015 4.3428 4.3841 4.4254 4.4667

第２２卷第１期

２００９年１月机电产品开簋与纠新

Ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ＆ＩｎｎｏｖａｔｉｏｎｏｆＭａｃｈｉｎｅｒｙ＆ＥｌｅｃｔｒｉｃａｌＰｒｏｄｕｃｔｓＶ０１．２２，Ｎｏ．１

Ｊａｎ．．２００９

基于单片机的Ｋ型热电偶冷端自动补偿设计

汪定江，王东锋，杨后川

（空军第一航空学院，河南信阳４６４０００）

摘要：以单片机强大的数据处理功能为基础，以试验数据的拟合而不是理想集成运放的计算公式为测量

依据．提出了检测环境电势和现场电势的新方法．并根据两者之和即为热电偶标准电势这一基本

依据，设计了热电偶冷端自动补偿系统的硬件及相关软件。由于采用了软件对各电势信号处理。

大大简化了传统补偿电路，使硬件设计仅包括环境温度测量、现场电势测量及单片机的信号处理

三个模块．并且显著降低了成本。仿真及试验结果表明。本补偿系统可使控温最大偏差＜５℃。

关键词：Ｋ型热电偶；冷端补偿；单片机；热端温度

中图分类号：ｔＩＰ３６８文献标识码：Ａ文章编号：１００２—６６７３（２００９）０１—１２３—０３

０引言

热电偶在热处理炉温控制、航空发动机排气温度检

测等１００．１３００％较高温度测量领域有着广泛应用１１１．其

测量精度意义重大。由于反映热电偶所测热源温度的热

电势是在其冷端温度为０℃时测量的日．而实际应用中。

热电偶冷端温度往往不是０℃。并可能受环境影响而

在一５０一＋５０℃范围内变化．这种大幅度的环境温度变化

可使热电偶的测量产生巨大误差，如不进行冷端补偿，

必将严重影响产品质量和设备状况的精确监控ｐｌ。传统

的热电偶冷端补偿方法是在使用前根据环境温度进行调

零。但即使在一个工作日内的环境温度变化也很大．如

早上和中午的温差可能超过１０℃．人工不可能随环境变

化而对热电偶进行时时调零。除此以外，进行冷端补偿

的电路往往非常复杂．除了需要专用集成电路和传感器

以外，还必须附加众多的电阻、电容和集成运放等外围

元件，大大增加了电路成本和体积。显然开发一种线路

简单、测量可靠并能实现冷端自动补偿的热电偶测温仪