区域物流竞争力外文文献翻译
(含：英文原文及中文译文)
文献出处：Mahpula A. The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness [J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2015, 15(2): 30-34.
英文原文
The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness
Mahpula A
Abstract
At present, the development of logistics is the logistics demand rapid increase, the expanding market capacity, accelerates the construction of logistics infrastructure, third-party logistics fast growth the tendency, the whole logistics industry is developing in the direction of the information, globalization and specialization. At the same time, with the rapid increase of logistics demand, the development of the regional logistics more rapidly. Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Regional
economic integration can make the area and regional logistics incline to reasonable, adapt to reasonable layout of industrial structure, to reduce logistics cost, promote the development of regional logistics. On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Therefore, the development of the regional logistics has become to improve the regional investment environment and industry development environment, expanding the scope of the regional influence, the key to enhancing regional competitiveness. Keywords: Regional logistics; Regional logistics competitiveness; Evaluation index
1 Introduction
The rapid development of world economy and the progress of modern science and technology, the logistics industry as an emerging service industry, is developing rapidly in the global scope. Internationally, logistics industry is considered to be the economic development of the artery and basic industry, its development degree become to measure a country's modernization degree and comprehensive national strength, one of the important marks is known as the "third profit source" of the enterprise, its role is more and more big, became the current after the IT
industry, financial industry's hottest emerging industry a new growth point of national economy, and caused widespread social attention. Regional logistics is an important component of regional economy, is the important force in the formation and development of regional economy, it is to improve the efficiency and economic benefit in the field of regional circulation, improve the competitive ability of regional market, etc., plays a positive role in active. Behind the rapid development of modern logistics, however, there are still many problems; including logistics competitiveness level is lower than the level of logistics development is particularly prominent. Choosing logistics competitiveness development level evaluation index, since there is no uniform standard, can only use freight or freight turnover scale to measure logistics. Implementation of goods transport is the process of logistics spatial displacement at the center of the link, with the two indicators to measure logistics scale has certain scientific, but it can't reflect the outline of the regional logistics. Estimates of logistics demand, typically based on GDP and total retail sales of social consumer goods such as index of national economic accounting. This is just a simple measure of the macro level, the proportion of different researchers use different, ranging from teens to twenty percent, there are large difference between the results and gives theoretical analysis greater difficulties. At the same time, the logistics industry's economic statistical data shortage, there is no comprehensive
logistics demand statistics, which made us qualitative understanding of the level of understanding of logistics.
2 Literature review
About the Core Competence theory, Core Competence (Core Competence) of the original intention is the Core skills or Core skills, this concept is in 1990 by the American strategic management experts made (C.K.P rahalad) and Britain's strategic management experts hamer (c. amel), refers to the enterprise organization of accumulating knowledge, especially about how to coordinate different production skills and integrate a variety of technical knowledge, and on the basis of advantage over other competitors unique ability, namely Core Competence is built on the basis of enterprise Core resources, is the enterprise intelligence, technology, products, management, culture and other elements in the reflection of comprehensive advantage in the market. At present there are three typical academic argument: the ability theory represented by Rossby and Christie's school; School represented by porter's theory of market structure; Represented by Werner Phil and Penrose's theory of resource school. Core competitiveness is value, the ability to integrated, uniqueness, extensibility and inherent characteristics.
Related theory, the study of regional logistics, the logistics research of Europe and the United States, Japan and other developed countries, focus on the enterprise level, is committed to providing enterprise
optimization strategy. And regional logistics system and competitiveness research, involved. According to literature review, the regional international logistics field of research mainly includes the following aspects: (1) from the perspective of multinational company research the global logistics resources configuration and coordination problems. Specific include logistics infrastructure, market competition mechanism and the problem of logistics supply chain operation. Such research quantification technology such as using the operational research tools, more for the global network of supply chain facility location positioning, and coordinate the factory more support, strategic distribution system design problem. This is an extension of the logistics enterprise level optimization study, the commonly used methods include mathematical analytical method, system simulation method and heuristic methods, etc. If only one method and graphical method solving the problem of the layout of the site; Mixed integer programming solve the problem of site selection of logistics center and logistics planning, etc.(2) from the perspective of urban economy and the environment, the research of urban traffic network Settings. For example Tanjguchietal from the city level, using a dynamic traffic simulation model, quantitative research economic growth, the transport demand, as well as the related road congestion and environmental pollution.(3) from the point of view of the city government, study its role in macro logistics development and utility. For example
MeirJ. R and Senblatt, studied the global supply chain management in infrastructure financing, transportation and regional trading rules, corporate tax law of the government subsidies, and other effects of the main factors of global production and distribution network, etc.
3 Introduction to the theory of regional logistics related
3.1 The definition of regional logistics
Academic definition of regional logistics has not yet unified, a more accepted view is that regional logistics is the geographical environment in a certain area, with large and medium-sized cities as the center, based on the regional scale and scope economy, combined with effective logistics service scope, area inside and outside of all kinds of goods from the supplier to accept to effective entity flow; Is the transport, storage, loading and unloading, handling, distribution, packaging, circulation processing, information processing, such as integrated logistics activities, to service in the composite system of regional economic development. It requires the integration, the integration of logistics management, namely to meet user needs for the purpose, to the goods, services and related information from the supplier to accept to the efficient flow of planning, execution, and control activities, is the organic unity of cash-flow, information flow and cash flow.
3.2 Relationship of regional logistics subject, object and carrier
Regional logistics has the characteristics of multi-level and
multi-dimensional structure, its basic elements include logistics main body, object and logistics carrier, and the structure of the basic elements and their complete system, each element show different features, thus forming the function of the regional logistics. Regional logistics main body is directly involved in or specialized is engaged in the economic organization of regional logistics activity, including the owner of the goods
Flow, the third party logistics enterprise, storage and transportation enterprise, etc. Logistics is the supply chain logistics channels, the starting point and end point of connection in the whole course of the regional logistics activity plays a dominant and decisive role. Elements of the integrated logistics subject is the essential characteristic of modern logistics. Therefore, the elements of logistics as one of the main body, logistics has a decisive role in the development of logistics industry. Similar accumulation and regional economy industry, regional logistics also emphasizes the logistics main body accumulation, logistics main body in space is beneficial to promote the logistics activities of large-scale, intensive, body development, it is also a regional logistics park, logistics center, the objective basis of the formation of distribution centers, and regional logistics park, logistics center and distribution center determines the spatial structure of the regional logistics system. 3.3 Regional logistics and regional economic relations
Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Logistics is always accompanied by business flow, the more advanced the regional economy, manufacturing and trading more active, the logistics industry as a service industry will have a good customer base and market infrastructure, the greater the chance of large-scale development. On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Thus, regional logistics and regional economy is the unity of interdependence. Regional economy is the premise and foundation of regional logistics development, is the dominant force in the regional logistics development; Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, is the regional economic support system, and serve the regional economy. Regional logistics development goal and strategy must obey and serve the regional
economic development goals and strategies.
4 Regional logistics competitiveness
4.1 The social and economic development level
Comprehensive social and economic development level reflects the regional logistics competitiveness level of social economic basis, is the guarantee of development of regional logistics competitiveness, to provide support for the sustainable development of regional logistics, from the other side also reflects the competitiveness of regional logistics development potential and power.
4.2 The logistics demand scale
Logistics demand scale is mainly refers to the logistics services in the field such as production, consumption and circulation quantity and scale, to some extent, restricted by local resource conditions, it reflects a region, the demand for logistics service level and size: the size of the logistics demand, determines the size of the logistics market capacity, is the premise of existence and development of regional logistics industry and the foundation.
4.3 Logistics supply condition
The supply condition of logistics refers to the logistics infrastructure provided for the development of the logistics industry, all kinds of logistics technology and equipment, is engaged in the logistics services enterprises and the corresponding professionals such as the number and
size of traffic capacity and regional situation, the comprehensive reflection of regional logistics supply capacity and service level, reflects the effect on the development of the logistics industry to promote and satisfaction, is the main factor of the formation and development of regional logistics competition.
中文译文
区域物流竞争力研究
Mahpula A
摘要
目前，物流业的发展是物流需求快速增长，市场容量不断扩大，加速物流基础设施建设，第三方物流快速增长的趋势，整个物流业向信息化方向发展，全球化和专业化。同时，随着物流需求的快速增长，区域物流的发展更加迅速。区域物流是区域经济的重要组成部分，区域物流的存在和发展是区域经济存在和发展的前提，没有区域经济就没有区域物流。区域物流与区域经济发展水平密切相关，不同区域经济形态，规模和产业的规模和水平，决定了区域物流水平，规模和结构形式。区域经济一体化可以使区域物流和区域物流合理化，适应产业结构合理布局，降低物流成本，促进区域物流发展。另一方面，区域经济发展离不开区域物流和区域物流的发展，为区域经济发展提供支撑和保障，区域物流的发展将推动和促进区域经济的进一步发展。因此，区域物流发展已成为改善区域投资环境和产业发展环境，扩大
区域影响范围，提升区域竞争力的关键。关键词：区域物流;区域物流竞争力;评估指标
1引言
世界经济的快速发展和现代科学技术的进步，物流业作为新兴服务业在全球范围内发展迅速。国际上，物流业被认为是动脉与基础产业的经济发展，其发展程度成为衡量一个国家现代化程度和综合国力的重要标志之一，被誉为企业的“第三利润源”，其作用越来越大，成为当前IT业界金融业最热门的新兴产业国民经济新的增长点，并引起社会广泛关注。区域物流是区域经济的重要组成部分，是区域经济形成和发展的重要力量，是提高区域流通领域的效率和经济效益，提升区域市场竞争力等，积极主动地发挥积极作用。然而，在现代物流快速发展的背后，还存在很多问题，其中物流竞争力水平低于物流发展水平尤为突出。选择物流竞争力发展水平评价指标，由于没有统一的标准，只能用货运或货运周转量来衡量物流。货物运输的实施是物流空间位移在环节中心的过程，这两个衡量物流规模的指标具有一定的科学性，但不能反映区域物流的轮廓。物流需求的估算通常基于国内生产总值和社会消费品零售总额，如国民经济核算指数。这只是宏观层面的一个简单测量，不同研究人员使用的比例不同，从十几岁到百分之二十不等，结果之间存在较大差异，给理论分析带来较大困难。同时，由于物流业经济统计数据不足，没有全面的物流需求统计数据，这使得我们对物流理解水平有了质的认识。
2文献综述
关于核心竞争力理论，核心竞争力（Core Competence）的初衷是核心技能或核心技能，这个概念是由美国战略管理专家1990年（CKP rahalad）和英国战略管理专家哈默（c。amel）），是指企业组织积累的知识，特别是关于如何协调不同的生产技能和整合各种技术知识，并基于优势超过其他竞争者的独特能力，即核心竞争力是建立在企业核心的基础上资源，是企业智能，技术，产品，管理，文化等要素在市场中综合优势的体现。目前有三种典型的学术论证：罗斯比和克里斯蒂学派所代表的能力理论;以波特的市场结构理论为代表的学派;沃纳菲尔和彭罗斯的资源学派理论为代表。核心竞争力是价值，集成能力，独特性，可扩展性和固有特征。
相关理论，研究区域物流，欧美和日本等发达国家的物流研究，注重企业层面，致力于提供企业优化策略。与区域物流体系和竞争力研究有关。根据文献回顾，区域性国际物流研究领域主要包括以下几个方面：（1）从跨国公司角度研究全球物流资源配置与协调问题。具体包括物流基础设施，市场竞争机制和物流供应链运作问题。这种研究量化技术如运用研究工具，更多地为全球供应链设施网络定位，并协调工厂更多支持，战略分配系统设计问题。这是对物流企业层次优化研究的延伸，常用的方法包括数学分析方法，系统模拟方法和启发式方法等。如果只有一种方法和图解法解决了网站布局问题，混合整数规划解决了物流中心选址和物流规划等问题。（2）从城市经济和环境角度研究城市交通网络设置。例如Tanjguchietal从城市层面，运用动态交通模拟模型，定量研究经济增长，运输需求以及相关的道路拥
堵和环境污染。（3）从市政府角度研究在宏观物流发展和效用中的作用。例如MeirJ。R和Senblatt，研究了基础设施融资，运输和区域贸易规则，政府补贴的企业税法等全球供应链管理以及全球生产和分销网络等主要因素的影响。
3有关区域物流相关理论的介绍
3.1区域物流的定义
学术界对区域物流的界定尚未统一，更为接受的观点认为，区域物流是指某一地区的地理环境，以大中城市为中心，依据区域规模和范围经济，加之有效物流服务范围，区内外各类商品从供应商接受到有效的实体流程;是在区域经济发展的复合系统中运输，仓储，装卸，搬运，配送，包装，流通加工，信息处理等综合物流活动。它要求整合，整合物流管理，即以满足用户需求为目的，向商品，服务和相关信息从供应商接受到有效的流程规划，执行和控制活动，是有机统一的现金流，信息流和现金流。
3.2区域物流主体，客体和载体的关系
区域物流具有多层次，多维度的结构特征，其基本要素包括物流主体，物流载体，基本要素及其完整体系的结构，各要素呈现出不同的特征，形成功能的区域物流。区域物流主体直接参与或专门从事区域物流活动的经济组织，包括货物所有者
物流是第三方物流企业，储运企业等。物流是供应链物流渠道，区域物流活动全过程中的起点和终点起着决定性的支配作用。综合物流主体要素是现代物流的本质特征。因此，物流作为其主体之一，物
流对物流业发展具有决定性作用。类似的积累和区域经济产业，区域物流也强调物流主体积累，物流主体在空间上有利于促进物流活动的大规模，集约化，全面发展，它也是区域物流园区，物流中心，配送中心形成的客观依据，区域物流园区，物流中心，配送中心等因素决定了区域物流系统的空间结构。3.3区域物流和区域经济关系区域物流是区域经济的重要组成部分，区域物流的存在和发展是区域经济存在和发展的前提，没有区域经济就没有区域物流。区域物流与区域经济发展水平密切相关，不同区域经济形态，规模和产业的规模和水平，决定了区域物流水平，规模和结构形式。物流总是伴随着业务流动，区域经济越发达，制造业和交易越活跃，物流业作为服务业将具有良好的客户群和市场基础设施，规模化发展的机会就越大。另一方面，区域经济发展离不开区域物流和区域物流的发展，为区域经济发展提供支撑和保障，区域物流的发展将推动和促进区域经济的进一步发展。因此，区域物流与区域经济是相互依存的统一体。区域经济是区域物流发展的前提和基础，是区域物流发展的主导力量;区域物流是区域经济的重要组成部分，是区域经济支撑体系，服务区域经济。区域物流发展目标和战略必须服从和服务于区域经济发展目标和战略。
4区域物流竞争力
区域物流竞争力指的是一定的空间范围（一般行政区域为边界，跨区域），物流行业不同于其他地区的资源分配优势，物流企业，政府政策支持和产业创新能力，最终通过区域内部的良性竞争体现出
来，将超过各种资源，有效整合的能力，形成互补的综合能力体系，体现区域竞争力在物流活动中的比较，反映区域的规模物流服务能力和物流业发展水平的高低。区域物流的竞争力主要由六个基本要素构成：社会经济发展水平，物流需求规模和物流供给条件，物流业在物流业发展水平，企业信息化发展水平，发展水平，宏观环境。
4.1社会经济发展水平
综合社会经济发展水平体现了区域物流竞争力水平的社会经济基础，是发展区域物流竞争力的保证，为区域物流的可持续发展提供支撑，从另一方面也反映了区域物流发展的竞争力潜力和力量。
4.2物流需求规模
物流需求规模主要是指生产，消费，流通数量和规模等领域的物流服务在一定程度上受到当地资源条件的制约，体现了一个地区对物流服务水平和规模的需求：规模的物流需求，决定了物流市场容量的大小，是区域物流业存在和发展的前提和基础。
4.3物流供应情况
物流供应情况是指为物流业发展提供的物流基础设施，各种物流技术和设备，从事物流服务的企业和相应的专业人员，如交通的数量和规模能力和区域情况，区域物流供应能力和服务水平的综合反映，反映了物流业对发展的促进和满意度的影响，是区域物流竞争形成和发展的主要因素。
企业物流外包外文翻译文献 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 物流外包——确保一个组织竞争优势的一种手段 摘要 物流方式表明将交付供应链中的独立单位整合成一个统一的系统的目标，完成结果所需的时间和资源的损失降到最小的材料和信息流动的直接管理。 一个最新方法的实施为公司的物流管理提供更多的成效，这个方法就是外包。物流外包带来诸多好处，如：减少库存、减少订单的交货时间、提高运输质
量、扩大生产的灵活性、降低生产成本和加速资金周转等。这保证了较低的生产成本和更好的质量交付，这是一个决定性的竞争优势。物流外包的应用有利于资源的合理配置，这是公司拥有的独特的竞争优势。 因此，物流外包将作为一种手段应用于公司的物流运输中，以确保一个组织的竞争优势。 关键词：外包，物流，供应商 1.简介 竞争优势，与不断增长的全球化和创新，开始逐渐失去其创意和新的竞争优势，在前端的灵活性，订单到交货时间减少，可靠的高质量的交付，和选择的机会。在竞争领域，厂家的能力加入其生产过程和系统的规划与个人消费者的喜好，将是一个的决定性的因素。只有通过建立灵活的生产管理系统，与个别客户订单问题的解决方案才是可能的。企业为什么要搞物流外包?它的紧迫性在哪里?物流外包与传统意义上的外委、外协有何本质区别?我们的企业离物流外包还远吗?这不仅是理论界要回答的问题，更是企业界应认真思考的问题。谈到物流外包必定涉及供应链和第三方的发展，涉及到现代物流的发展方向，更涉及企业的核心竞争力。理论界对这一点的认识显得有些浮躁，而企业对此的认识比较滞后。目前大多数企业守候在自营物流那片天地，真正搞物流外包的不到20%，并且不规范、不系统。尽管现在物流炒得很热，但企业对物流外包重要性的认识依然很浅。调查表明，湖南有82%的企业对现代物流的认识模糊，大多把货物运输或货代等同于现代物流;有54%的企业至今未有发展物流的计划或设想，更没有把重构内部供应链和发展物流外包提上议事日程，看来还需要更多的示范、引导，更多的宣传、培训和更多的市场培育。 首先，它需要的新的或最新的概念，如CFM（以客户为中心的制造），SCM（供应链管理），基于相同的概念作为企业资源规划（ERP），客户关系管理技术，生产管理的实施（客户关系管理）等，也将要求供应处理，物流中介机构的互动为基础的生产和有效的分配同步。 其次，它在微观和宏观层面上是一个必要的优化运输系统。复杂的运输基础设施的发展是基于标准化的商品，货物，运输方式，装卸货物，交货速度，拓宽道路和铁路网络，完善的售后服务维修。 第三，信息交流起着越来越重要的作用。工业企业在信息领域的互动，使信息可以以正确的形式被查阅，在合适的时间，通过正确的当局和真实类型，防止
文献出处: Mahpula A、The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness [J]、Journal of Transport Geography, 2015, 15(2): 30-34、 原文 The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness Mahpula A Abstract At present, the development of logistics is the logistics demand rapid increase, the expanding market capacity, accelerates the construction of logistics infrastructure, third-party logistics fast growth the tendency, the whole logistics industry is developing in the direction of the information, globalization and specialization、At the same time, with the rapid increase of logistics demand, the development of the regional logistics more rapidly、Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics、Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form、Regional economic integration can make the area and regional logistics incline to reasonable, adapt to reasonable layout of industrial structure, to reduce logistics cost, promote the development of regional logistics、On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy、Therefore, the development of the regional logistics has become to improve the regional investment environment and industry development environment, expanding the scope of the regional influence, the key to enhancing regional competitiveness、 Keywords: Regional logistics; Regional logistics competitiveness; Evaluation index 1 Introduction The rapid development of world economy and the progress of modern science and technology, the logistics industry as an emerging service industry, is developing rapidly in the global scope、Internationally, logistics industry is considered to be the economic development of the artery and basic industry, its development degree
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4e2425707.html,/finance/company/consumer.html Consumer finance company The consumer finance division of the SG group of France has become highly active within India. They plan to offer finance for vehicles and two-wheelers to consumers, aiming to provide close to Rs. 400 billion in India in the next few years of its operations. The SG group is also dealing in stock broking, asset management, investment banking, private banking, information technology and business processing. SG group has ventured into the rapidly growing consumer credit market in India, and have plans to construct a headquarters at Kolkata. The AIG Group has been approved by the RBI to set up a non-banking finance company (NBFC). AIG seeks to introduce its consumer finance and asset management businesses in India. AIG Capital India plans to emphasize credit cards, mortgage financing, consumer durable financing and personal loans. Leading Indian and international concerns like the HSBC, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, Barclays and HDFC Bank are also waiting to be approved by the Reserve Bank of India to initiate similar operations. AIG is presently involved in insurance and financial services in more than one hundred countries. The affiliates of the AIG Group also provide retirement and asset management services all over the world. Many international companies have been looking at NBFC business because of the growing consumer finance market. Unlike foreign banks, there are no strictures on branch openings for the NBFCs. GE Consumer Finance is a section of General Electric. It is responsible for looking after the retail finance operations. GE Consumer Finance also governs the GE Capital Asia. Outside the United States, GE Consumer Finance performs its operations under the GE Money brand. GE Consumer Finance currently offers financial services in more than fifty countries. The company deals in credit cards, personal finance, mortgages and automobile solutions. It has a client base of more than 118 million customers throughout the world
物流规划中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)
设施规划 引言 设施规划在过去的十年间已经被赋予了全新的意义。在过去，设施规划一般被认为是一门科学。而在当今竞争激烈的全球市场，设施规划成为了一种策略。政府、教育机构和企业已经不再单独相互竞争，现在这些实体或企业将彼此联合为合作企业、组织协会，并最终合成为供应链，将客户纳入到整个供应链过程以保持竞争力。 这些年来设施规划问题一直是一个热门话题。尽管它已拥有很悠久的历史，但在目前的出版物、会议以及研究中，设施规划仍是最受欢迎的科目之一。设施规划的处理已经从清单式或者菜单式的方法发展到了高度复杂的数学建模。在本文中，我们使用了一个实用的设施规划方法，其利用了实证以及同时包含传统和现代概念的分析方法。值得提及的是，在本文中拥有很广泛的设施规划应用示例。例如，这本书的内容可以适用于一个新医院,一个装配部门,一个已有的仓库,或者一个机场的行李部的规划。无论问题是发生在医院、生产工厂、配送中心、机场、零售商店、学校、银行、还是办公室或者这些设施的任何部分；无论是在一个发达国家的现代化设施还是在一个发展中国家的过时设施中，本文给出的材料在进行规划时都非常有用。重要的是要认识到现代设施规划中将设施当作是一个动态的实体，一个成功的设施规划方案的关键因素是其适应性以及适合全新应用的能力。 设施规划的定义 当今的设施规划必须能够帮助组织实现供应链的优越性。实现供应链的优越性是一个有六个步骤、或者说六个等级的过程。一如既往，这些步骤与优越性、可见性、协同性、综合性、敏捷性等联系在一起。 当一家公司最大化供应链的各个功能（采购-制造-运输-储存-销售），个体部门（如金融、市场营销、销售、采购、信息技术、研发、生产、分配和人力资源等部门）的目标就是要成为公司最好的部门。组织的有效性不是重点，每个组
我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略选择 熊卫 【摘要】我国物流业发展刚刚起步，第三方物流的理论和实践等方面都比较薄弱。本文指出我国第三方物流存在的问题在于国内外第三方物流企业差距、物流效率不高、缺乏系统性管理、物流平台构筑滞后、物流管理观念落后等。分析了产生上述问题的原因，并提出了精益物流、中小型第三方物流企业价值链联盟、大型第三方物流企业虚拟化战略等三种可供选择的第三方物流企业发展战略。 【关键词】第三方物流；精益物流战略；价值链联盟；虚拟化战略 1引言 长期以来，我国国内企业对采购、运输、仓储、代理、包装、加工、配送等环节控制能力不强，在“采购黑洞”、“物流陷井”中造成的损失浪费难以计算。因此，对第三方物流的研究，对于促进我国经济整体效益的提高有着非常重要的理论和实践意义。本文试图对我国策三方物流存在的问题及原因进行分析探讨，并提出第三方物流几种可行的战略选择。 2我国第三方物流业存在的主要问题 (一)我国策三方物流企业与国外第三方物流企业的差距较大，具体表现在以下几个方面： 1、规模经济及资本差距明显。由于国外的大型第三方物流企业从全球经营的战略出发，其规模和资本优势是毫无疑问的，尤其初创时期的我国策三方物流业，本身的规模就很小，国外巨头雄厚的资本令国内企业相形见绌。 2、我国策三方物流业企业提供的物流服务水准及质量控制远不如国外同行。当国内一些企业还在把物流理解成“卡车加仓库“的时候，国外的物流企业早已完成了一系列标准化的改造。同时，国外的物流组织能力非常强大，例如德国一家第三方物流公司，公司各方面的物流专家遍布欧洲各地。如果有客户的货物需要经达不同的国家，那么欧洲各地的这些专家就在网上设计出一个最佳的物流解决方案。这种提供解决方案的能力就是这第三方物流公司的核心能力，而不像国内公司号称拥有多少条船，多少辆车。 3、我国加入WTO后物流产业的门槛降低。在物流服务业方面：我国承诺所有的服务行业，在经过合理过渡期后，取消大部分外国股权限制，不限制外国服务供应商进入
毕业设计（论文）外文参考文献及译文 英文题目Component-based Safety Computer of Railway Signal Interlocking System 中文题目模块化安全铁路信号计算机联锁系统 学院自动化与电气工程学院 专业自动控制 姓名葛彦宁 学号 200808746 指导教师贺清 2012年5月30日
Component-based Safety Computer of Railway Signal Interlocking System 1 Introduction Signal Interlocking System is the critical equipment which can guarantee traffic safety and enhance operational efficiency in railway transportation. For a long time, the core control computer adopts in interlocking system is the special customized high-grade safety computer, for example, the SIMIS of Siemens, the EI32 of Nippon Signal, and so on. Along with the rapid development of electronic technology, the customized safety computer is facing severe challenges, for instance, the high development costs, poor usability, weak expansibility and slow technology update. To overcome the flaws of the high-grade special customized computer, the U.S. Department of Defense has put forward the concept：we should adopt commercial standards to replace military norms and standards for meeting consumers’demand [1]. In the meantime, there are several explorations and practices about adopting open system architecture in avionics. The United Stated and Europe have do much research about utilizing cost-effective fault-tolerant computer to replace the dedicated computer in aerospace and other safety-critical fields. In recent years, it is gradually becoming a new trend that the utilization of standardized components in aerospace, industry, transportation and other safety-critical fields. 2 Railways signal interlocking system 2.1 Functions of signal interlocking system The basic function of signal interlocking system is to protect train safety by controlling signal equipments, such as switch points, signals and track units in a station, and it handles routes via a certain interlocking regulation. Since the birth of the railway transportation, signal interlocking system has gone through manual signal, mechanical signal, relay-based interlocking, and the modern computer-based Interlocking System. 2.2 Architecture of signal interlocking system Generally, the Interlocking System has a hierarchical structure. According to the function of equipments, the system can be divided to the function of equipments; the system
第三方物流问题战略外文翻译文献 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略选择 【摘要】我国物流业发展刚刚起步，第三方物流的理论和实践等方面都比较薄弱。本文指出我国第三方物流存在的问题在于国内外第三方物流企业差距、物流效率不高、缺乏系统性管理、物流平台构筑滞后、物流管理观念落后等。分析了产生上述问题的原因，并提出了精益物流、中小型第三方物流企业价值链联盟、大型第三方物流企业虚拟化战等三种可供选择的第三方物流企业发展战略。【关键词】第三方物流；精益物流战略；价值链联盟；虚拟化战略 1引言 长期以来，我国国内企业对采购、运输、仓储、代理、包装、加工、配送等
环节控制能力不强，在“采购黑洞”、“物流陷井”中造成的损失浪费难以计算。因此，对第三方物流的研究，对于促进我国经济整体效益的提高有着非常重要的理论和实践意义。本文试图对我国策三方物流存在的问题及原因进行分析探讨，并提出第三方物流几种可行的战略选择。 2 我国第三方物流业存在的主要问题 (一)我国策三方物流企业与国外第三方物流企业的差距较大，具体表现在以下几个方面： 1、规模经济及资本差距明显。由于国外的大型第三方物流企业从全球经营的战略出发，其规模和资本优势是毫无疑问的，尤其初创时期的我国策三方物流业，本身的规模就很小，国外巨头雄厚的资本令国内企业相形见绌。 2、我国策三方物流业企业提供的物流服务水准及质量控制远不如国外同行。当国内一些企业还在把物流理解成“卡车加仓库“的时候，国外的物流企业早已完成了一系列标准化的改造。同时，国外的物流组织能力非常强大，例如德国一家第三方物流公司，公司各方面的物流专家遍布欧洲各地。如果有客户的货物需要经达不同的国家，那么欧洲各地的这些专家就在网上设计出一个最佳的物流解决方案。这种提供解决方案的能力就是这第三方物流公司的核心能力，而不像国内公司号称拥有多少条船，多少辆车。 3、我国加入 WTO 后物流产业的门槛降低。在物流服务业方面：我国承诺所有的服务行业，在经过合理过渡期后，取消大部分外国股权限制，不限制外国服务供应商进入目前的市场，不限制所有服务行业的现有市场准入和活动。同时在辅助分销的服务方面也作出了类似的承诺。这些方面的限制将在以后 3—4 年内逐步取消，在此期间，国外的服务供应商可以建立百分之百的全资拥有的分支机构或经营机构，国内物流服务业将直面国际竞争。 (二)资源浪费严重，第三方物流效率不高。 从微观上看，由于受计划经济体制的影响，长期以来许多企业，尤其是国有企业走的是“大而全”、“小而全”的路子，它们拥有自己的仓库、车队、甚至远洋船队，造成物流过程的大量浪费，具体表现为仓库的闲置，物流业经营分散，组织化程度低，横向联合薄弱。而能够提供一体化、现代化、专业化、准时化、高效服务的第三方物流企业则很少。从宏观上看第三方物流未能跟上经
Dashboard From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about a control panel placed in the front of the car. For other uses, see Dashboard (disambiguation). The dashboard of a Bentley Continental GTC car A dashboard (also called dash, instrument panel (IP), or fascia) is a control panel located directly ahead of a vehicle's driver, displaying instrumentation and controls for the vehicle's operation. Contents 1.Etymology 2.Dashboard features 3.Padding and safety 4.Fashion in instrumentation 5.See also 6.References Etymology Horse-drawn carriage dashboard Originally, the word dashboard applied to a barrier of wood or leather fixed at the front of a horse-drawn carriage or sleigh to protect the driver from mud or other debris "dashed up" (thrown up) by the horses' hooves.[1] Commonly these boards did not perform any additional function other than providing a convenient handhold for ascending into the driver's seat, or a small clip with which to secure the reins when not in use. When the first "horseless carriages" were constructed in the late 19th century, with engines mounted beneath the driver such as the Daimler Stahlradwagen, the simple dashboard was retained to protect occupants from debris thrown up by the cars' front wheels. However, as car design evolved to position the motor in front of the driver, the dashboard became a panel that protected vehicle occupants from the heat and oil of the engine. With gradually increasing mechanical complexity, this panel formed a convenient location for the placement of gauges and minor controls, and from this evolved the modern instrument panel,
中英文资料外文翻译文献 我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略选择 熊卫 【摘要】我国物流业发展刚刚起步，第三方物流的理论和实践等方面都比较薄弱。本文指出我国第三方物流存在的问题在于国内外第三方物流企业差距、物流效率不高、缺乏系统性管理、物流平台构筑滞后、物流管理观念落后等。分析了产生上述问题的原因，并提出了精益物流、中小型第三方物流企业价值链联盟、大型第三方物流企业虚拟化战略等三种可供选择的第三方物流企业发展战略。 【关键词】第三方物流；精益物流战略；价值链联盟；虚拟化战略 1引言 长期以来，我国国内企业对采购、运输、仓储、代理、包装、加工、配送等环节控制能力不强，在“采购黑洞”、“物流陷井”中造成的损失浪费难以计算。因此，对第三方物流的研究，对于促进我国经济整体效益的提高有着非常重要的理论和实践意义。本文试图对我国策三方物流存在的问题及原因进行分析探讨，并提出第三方物流几种可行的战略选择。 2我国第三方物流业存在的主要问题 (一)我国策三方物流企业与国外第三方物流企业的差距较大，具体表现在以下几个方面： 1、规模经济及资本差距明显。由于国外的大型第三方物流企业从全球经营的战略出发，其规模和资本优势是毫无疑问的，尤其初创时期的我国策三方物流业，本身的规模就很小，国外巨头雄厚的资本令国内企业相形见绌。 2、我国策三方物流业企业提供的物流服务水准及质量控制远不如国外同行。当国内一些企业还在把物流理解成“卡车加仓库“的时候，国外的物流企业早已完成了一系列标准化的改造。同时，国外的物流组织能力非常强大，例如德国一家第三方物流公司，公司各方面的物流专家遍布欧洲各地。如果有客户的货物需要经达不同的国家，那么欧洲各地的这些专家就在网上设计出一个最佳的物流解决方案。这种提供解决方案的能力
物流英文文献翻译英语论文 物流英文文献翻译及物流论文参考文献[1] 崔介何.物流学概论[M].北京〆北京大学出版社，2004年〆1-2. [2] 叶怀珍.现代物流学[M].北京〆高等教育出版社，2003〆49-56. [3] 许建帄.对培育广州物流市场的再思考[EB/OL]. [4] 深圳新闻网.“入仓即予退税”新政策助推物流发展[EB/OL]. [5] 吴德群.“入仓退税”适应国际采购商全球配送[N].深圳特区报，2006-01-23. [6] 广东禾田物流有限公司网.广东禾田物流有限公司简介[EB/OL]. [7] 快递公司网.广州物流市场[8] 来源.十一月回顾〆物流篇（三）[EB/OL]. [9] 徐晓阳,饶欠林. 深圳盐田港出口监管仓的现状与发[DB/OL].，2002. [10] 中华人民共和国国务院公报,中华人民共和国海关总署令——中华人民共和国海关对出口监管仓库及所存货物的管理办法[DB/OL]. [11] 公共商务信息导报，海关对出口监管仓库及所存货物的管理办法[DB/OL]. 2005-12-06. [12] Wei Liu,Wenshun Li,Wendy Huang.Analysis of the dynamic relation between logistics development and GDP growth in China[DB/OL]. http:// 毕业论文[13] Deng Mingran,Wang Hua. A government guarantee system of logistics development in China[DB/OL].,2006. [14] Goh,M,Ling,C. Logistics development in China[DB/OL]. ,2003. [15] Chen Siyun, The developing trend and countermeasures of Yantian port logistics[DB/OL]. 研究物流业及中国物流技术摘要为了进一步推进同中国发展物流业,作者基于中国物流业的现状,肯定其在中国工业发展过程中所取得的成就。通过学习物流产业的各方面,包括了解物流产业，标准术语,物流技术和管理知识,剖析主要的问题存在于中国当前的物流业,并提出合理化建议。关键词〆物流，发展，问题，方法1 前言现代物流工业是现代最受欢迎的行业。自从20世纪80年代早期物流概念从海外引入，物流业得到了迅猛的发展。目前,我国已有相当多的物流园区及中心, 发展了一系列现代物流技术和取得了一大批自主知识产权的创新成果。研制开发了具有自主知识产权的集成化物流管理系统（LOG++/SMCS），成功实现了与著名ERP系统（SAP R/3）的实时连接。改变了我国传统物流系统性能单一、集成度低的现状，标志着我国物流软件系统与国际现代物流管理系统的接轨。研究开发了新型结构快速堆垛机。其运行速度0～150m/min，起升速度0～40m/min，货叉速度0～20/40m/min々水帄方向采用激光测距技术，测距误差±1mm（500m以内），定位精度达到±3mm々垂直方向采用旋转编码器加齿形带技术，定位精度达到±3mm。进行了结构研究和动态性能分析，增加了设备的稳定性和可靠性々成功地将激光认址和旋转编码器、齿形带测距等新型检测技术整合到一起，运用于认址，从根本上改变了传统的认址方式，并采用冗余控制技术和故障自诊断技术等大大提高系统的效率与可靠性々新型货叉结构、带尺寸检测与条形码检测的新型载货台等10多项新技术，促进了物流关键设备的技术进步，大大缩短我国物流关键设备与国际先进水帄的差距。在2003年，国内外首创开发了具有国际先进水帄的推挽式激光导引AGV小车（专利产品）々攻克了路径规划、反射板布置、精确定位等难题，使小车能在卷接包机组内安全、灵活地行走和定位，实现完全自动化运送。2003年设计应用具有国际先进水帄的视觉识别移动式机器人自动辅料搭配系统。红河卷烟厂自动化物流系统和联想电脑公司集成化物流系统的成功开发与应用，填补了多项国内空白，创新出一批具有国际先进水帄的系统和设备，大大缩小我国物流系统关键设备及主要技术指标与先进国家的差距，在行业中产生了广泛影响。经过多年研究和探索，太原钢运储存公司通过与科研机构的合作，成功地发展出由电脑计划设计的自动化的仓储打包系统，同样也是处于世界领先水帄。由于受到政府的大力指出与重视，中国的现代物流业正以前所未有的速度发展。但是，还是值得指出的是，中国的物流业整体还是处在初级阶段。中国在2000 年的国内生产总值是8.94×1000亿元，其中流通领域总占比重仅仅百分之8.1 这比发达国家如英美日要低许多。2000年，沃尔玛，世界零售巨头的销售总额达193.3亿美元，占中国年零售业总额的46%。从上面可以看出，沃尔玛的销售额以每年20—30亿美元的速度增长。在国内的零售业领先的上海联合利华仅仅XX 人民
中南大学CentralSouthUniversity 本科毕业设计英文文献翻译题目 学生姓名 学号 指导教师 学院 专业班级 二○一六年一月八日
Spring 的web MVC 构架模式 Juergen Hoeller 1、介绍：Spring 的应用构架 当你第一次看到并接触Spring框架的时候，你一定会在心里想到；“哦哦，不不，这又是另一种Web构架”。这篇文章将会指出Spring框架不是什么特殊的web框架，而是一个通用的轻量级的应用程序框架，在专用网络支持下的应用程序框架。并且它会告诉你Spring框架明显区别于其他轻量级application framework，它将专注于web的支持，与struts和webwork有着明显的区别。 在和struts和webwork的对比上之中，Spring框架是一个服务于所有层面上的application framework：提供了bean的配置基础，AOP的支持，JDBC的提取框架，抽象事务支持，等等诸如此类。它有一个非常显著的特点：在某个层面上如果你不需要Spring的支持，它有一个非常显著的特点：在某个层面上如果你不需要Spring的支持，你就可以不使用Spring框架的class（类），只使用它的某一部分的功能。从它的设计理念，你可以看到Spring框架帮助你实现了真正的逻辑层和web层的成功分离：例如：一个校验应用将不用依靠controllers，就可以实现。这样的目标是更好的重用和易测：过分依靠不必要的容器和框架将不能实现这一点。 当然，Spring的自己本身的web支持和通常框架模式的细致完整。然而，Spring替换struts，webwork或者其他的web方案非常的容易。这个对于Spring 的web支持或者不同的地方，Spring允许你在web容器里面建立一个中间层，在测试环境或者标准独立的应用里面来设置重用你的商务逻辑。 还有就是在J2EE环境里面，可以让你你的商务逻辑不必依靠容器提供的服务，就比如像JTA，EJB的支持。良好的框架的一个web应用是可以运行在任何
物流市场调研外文参考文献原文及译文综合报告 题目 __ 研究物流业及中国物流技术_____ 二级学院 专业 班级 学号 学生姓名 电话号码 时间2012-04-5
原文： Studies on Logistics and Logistics Technology of China Luo Yixin (Department of Industry and Commerce Management, Human College of Finance and Economics, Human Chansha 410205) Received 15 July 2004 Abstract For further pushin g ahead with the development of China’s logistics industry，the author，based on the status quo of China's logistics industry，alfirms the achievements made in the development course of the industry of China．By studying various respects of the industry including the understanding of logistics，standards of technical terms，logistics technologies and management，the author analyzes the major problems existence in China’s current logistics industry and puts forward the rationalization proposal．Key words：logistics；development；problem；measure 1 Preface Modem logistics industry is currently one of the most popular trades．Since China introduced the concept of logistics from abroad in early 1980s，logistics industry has been developed rapidly．At present，our country already has quite a lot of logistics parks and centers，develops a series of modem logistics technologies and obtains a large number of innovation accomplishments bearing self-determination intelectual property rights．Among those are typical ones such as the development of integration logistics management system with self-determination intelectual property rights (LOG + +／SMCS) in 2003.The real—time connection with famous ERP system (SAPR／3)has been realized，the system radically changes the unicity and low int egrity level of China’s traditional logistics and thus symbolizes that domestic logistics software has been in line with international noFIns for modern logistics management system．Another example is the new structural—type quick stacker that has the operation speed of0—150 m／rain．1ifting speed of 0—40 m／min and forking speed of 0 —20／40 m／rain, bearing self-determination intellectual property rights developed in the same year．Laser ranging technology is applied to the system in horizontal direction．resulting that the distance—measuring error is ±1 mm within 500 meters and positioning accuracy is ±3 mm．For the vertical direction．due to the application of rotary encoder plus tooth—be technique，positioning accuracy reaches ± 3 mm．In this way．the system successfully integrates a variety of new—type detecting technologies involving laser location，rotary encoder and toth—belt eranging．integration has been utilized for positioning and then radically altered traditional positioning method ．Besides，the adoption of redundancy and trouble shooting technique dramatically increases the system's efficiency and reliability．The adoption of over ten new techs consisting of new—type forking structure and loading platform with dimension detector and bar code sensor has promoted the technical advancement of key equipments used in logistics industry as well as greatly narrowed the gap between China and international advanced countries in terms okey equipments．In 2003。a patent product at world—leading place，the push—pull laser guiding AGV cart，ca／Be into market．Ever has never been a similar product both at home and abroad．is AGV cart．having conquered numbers of difficulties as path planning，reflecting board layout and pinpointing position，can travel an d locate its position safely and flexibly in rolling machine units．In other words，it realizes complete automation delivery ．In 2003，domestic enterprises designed and applied automatic supplementary—materials allocation system equipped with vision—identification movable robot．system was ran king at international leading stage．In year 2003,thanks to the successful