形容词、副词讲义
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eg. Bajie is a lazy pig.
He said something exciting.
The girl is cute. 一. 形容词(表示性质或特征)
(一)形容词的基本用法:修饰名词或代词,作定语或表语
1. 形容词+名词 eg. Shenyang is a beautiful city.
2. 系动词+形容词 eg. Miss Yu looks young.
3. 复合不定代词+形容词 eg. She often reads something interesting.
4. 形容词+ enough eg. Is it warm enough for you?
5. 多个形容词的顺序:好美小高状其新,彩色国料加用途
两张小圆桌
一件又脏又旧的棕色衬衫 two small round tables
a dirty old brown shirt
一张新的漂亮的黑色中式木制大圆桌 (二)形容词的位置
exercise
1. It is very cold. Please keep the door and windows ________.
A. open B. closed C. close D. opened
2. Is this room ______ the meeting?
A. big enough to have B. enough big to have
C. big enough having D. enough big having
3. Mary’s mother bought a ________ coat for her yesterday.
A. new blue silk B. blue new silk C. new silk blue D. blue silk new
名词 构词方法 例词
天气名词 词尾加y rain-rainy 多雨的;下雨的
sun-sunny 晴朗的
方位名词 词尾加ern west-western 西方的
east-eastern 东方的
称谓名词 词尾加ly friend-friendly 友好的
brother-brotherly 兄弟般的
时间名词 词尾加ly day-daily 日常的
month-monthly 每月的
物质名词 词尾加en wood-wooden 木制的
wool-woolen 羊毛的
情感名词 词尾加ful
词尾加less
词尾加y care-careful 小心的;仔细的
care-careless 粗心大意的
luck-lucky 幸运的
大洲、国名 词尾加n Asia-Asian 亚洲人
America-American 美国人
(三)形容词的构成
1. 名词变形容词
2. 复合形容词
由“数词+名词”构成的复合形容词中,名词要用单数形式,且数词和名词之间要用连字符。
eg. a ten-year-old boy 一个十岁的男孩
a five-thousand-year-history country 一个拥有五千年历史的国家
a ten-pound note 一张10英镑的钞票
a twenty-minute walk 步行20分钟
a five-star hotel 一个五星级的宾馆
exercise
I don’t believe that this __________ girl can paint such a nice picture.
A. six years old B. six-years-old C. six-year-old
种类 作表语时的用法 例句
以-ing结尾的分词形容词,常译为“令人……的” 多表示主语所具有的特征,主语多为表示“事物”的名词 The news is very surprising.
这个消息令人很惊讶。
以-ed结尾的分词形容词,常译为“感到……的” 通常表示主语所处的状态或感受,主语多为“人” We felt very surprised.
我们感到很惊讶。
3. 分词形容词
exercise
Everyone was ________ when they heard the ____________ news.
A. exciting; exciting B. excited; exciting C. exciting; excited
eg. Bajie runs very fast.
Bajie is so fat.
Fortunately, Bajie likes to exercise. 二. 副词(表示方式、地点、时间、程度、频率、疑问、连接、关系等)
(一)副词的基本用法:修饰非名词代词,也可以修饰整个句子,作状语
(二)副词的构成
本身是副词
adj.+ly
adj.和adv.同形
■形容词变副词的规律:
1.大部分直接加-ly, pleasant-pleasantly
2. 以-e结尾,把-e变-y或去e加ly, terrible-terribly gentle-gently true-truly
3. 以-y结尾,把-y改i再加-ly, thirsty-thirstily
4. 特殊good-well
注:friendly lovely是形容词 now here there
slowly
fast 1 He read the phrase ______ . (slow)
2 He worked ______ . (lazy)
3 He cut himself ______ . (bad)
4 He worked ______ . (careful)
5 The door opened ______ . (sudden)
■adj.与adv.的区别
1. The car is quick.
2. He is a careful man.
3. She was pleasant. She smiled pleasantly.
总结:形容词修饰名词或代词,表性质或特征(be动词后,形容词前);
副词修饰非名词、代词或全句,表时间、 地点、方式、程度等。
■频率副词
1.一次、两次专门记, once, twice
2.三次以上用times,基数词+times, three times
3.数不清的看这里
always(一直,总是)>usually(通常)>often(时常,常常)>sometimes(有时)
>seldom(很少)>hardly(几乎不)>never(从不,从没有)
Tina _________ drives to work. But today she drives because of the rain.
A. always B. often C. sometimes D. hardly
位置:行为动词前,be动词,情态动词,助动词后 1. 那个女孩上学很少迟到。
2. 我从不去网吧。
3. 有时我坐公共汽车去上学。