形容词、副词讲义

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eg. Bajie is a lazy pig.

He said something exciting.

The girl is cute. 一. 形容词(表示性质或特征)

(一)形容词的基本用法:修饰名词或代词,作定语或表语

1. 形容词+名词 eg. Shenyang is a beautiful city.

2. 系动词+形容词 eg. Miss Yu looks young.

3. 复合不定代词+形容词 eg. She often reads something interesting.

4. 形容词+ enough eg. Is it warm enough for you?

5. 多个形容词的顺序:好美小高状其新,彩色国料加用途

两张小圆桌

一件又脏又旧的棕色衬衫 two small round tables

a dirty old brown shirt

一张新的漂亮的黑色中式木制大圆桌 (二)形容词的位置

exercise

1. It is very cold. Please keep the door and windows ________.

A. open B. closed C. close D. opened

2. Is this room ______ the meeting?

A. big enough to have B. enough big to have

C. big enough having D. enough big having

3. Mary’s mother bought a ________ coat for her yesterday.

A. new blue silk B. blue new silk C. new silk blue D. blue silk new

名词 构词方法 例词

天气名词 词尾加y rain-rainy 多雨的;下雨的

sun-sunny 晴朗的

方位名词 词尾加ern west-western 西方的

east-eastern 东方的

称谓名词 词尾加ly friend-friendly 友好的

brother-brotherly 兄弟般的

时间名词 词尾加ly day-daily 日常的

month-monthly 每月的

物质名词 词尾加en wood-wooden 木制的

wool-woolen 羊毛的

情感名词 词尾加ful

词尾加less

词尾加y care-careful 小心的;仔细的

care-careless 粗心大意的

luck-lucky 幸运的

大洲、国名 词尾加n Asia-Asian 亚洲人

America-American 美国人

(三)形容词的构成

1. 名词变形容词

2. 复合形容词

由“数词+名词”构成的复合形容词中,名词要用单数形式,且数词和名词之间要用连字符。

eg. a ten-year-old boy 一个十岁的男孩

a five-thousand-year-history country 一个拥有五千年历史的国家

a ten-pound note 一张10英镑的钞票

a twenty-minute walk 步行20分钟

a five-star hotel 一个五星级的宾馆

exercise

I don’t believe that this __________ girl can paint such a nice picture.

A. six years old B. six-years-old C. six-year-old

种类 作表语时的用法 例句

以-ing结尾的分词形容词,常译为“令人……的” 多表示主语所具有的特征,主语多为表示“事物”的名词 The news is very surprising.

这个消息令人很惊讶。

以-ed结尾的分词形容词,常译为“感到……的” 通常表示主语所处的状态或感受,主语多为“人” We felt very surprised.

我们感到很惊讶。

3. 分词形容词

exercise

Everyone was ________ when they heard the ____________ news.

A. exciting; exciting B. excited; exciting C. exciting; excited

eg. Bajie runs very fast.

Bajie is so fat.

Fortunately, Bajie likes to exercise. 二. 副词(表示方式、地点、时间、程度、频率、疑问、连接、关系等)

(一)副词的基本用法:修饰非名词代词,也可以修饰整个句子,作状语

(二)副词的构成

本身是副词

adj.+ly

adj.和adv.同形

■形容词变副词的规律:

1.大部分直接加-ly, pleasant-pleasantly

2. 以-e结尾,把-e变-y或去e加ly, terrible-terribly gentle-gently true-truly

3. 以-y结尾,把-y改i再加-ly, thirsty-thirstily

4. 特殊good-well

注:friendly lovely是形容词 now here there

slowly

fast 1 He read the phrase ______ . (slow)

2 He worked ______ . (lazy)

3 He cut himself ______ . (bad)

4 He worked ______ . (careful)

5 The door opened ______ . (sudden)

■adj.与adv.的区别

1. The car is quick.

2. He is a careful man.

3. She was pleasant. She smiled pleasantly.

总结:形容词修饰名词或代词,表性质或特征(be动词后,形容词前);

副词修饰非名词、代词或全句,表时间、 地点、方式、程度等。

■频率副词

1.一次、两次专门记, once, twice

2.三次以上用times,基数词+times, three times

3.数不清的看这里

always(一直,总是)>usually(通常)>often(时常,常常)>sometimes(有时)

>seldom(很少)>hardly(几乎不)>never(从不,从没有)

Tina _________ drives to work. But today she drives because of the rain.

A. always B. often C. sometimes D. hardly

位置:行为动词前,be动词,情态动词,助动词后 1. 那个女孩上学很少迟到。

2. 我从不去网吧。

3. 有时我坐公共汽车去上学。