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Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars 【美文阅读】关于大地起源的神话有许多许多，你了解多少呢？The sky and the earth were at first one blurred entity(混沌整体) like an egg. Then Pangu was born into it. The separation of the sky and the earth took eighteen thousand years. The yang which was light and pure rose to become the sky，and the yin which was heavy and murky(黑暗的)sank to form the earth. Between them was Pangu, who went through nine changes every day, his wisdom greater than that of the sky and his ability greater than that of the earth. Every day the sky rose ten feet higher, the earth became ten feet thicker, and Pangu grew ten feet taller. Another eighteen thousand years passed, and there was an extremely high sky, an extremely thick earth, and an extremelytall Pangu. After Pangu died, his head turned into the Five Sacred Mountains(Mount Tai, Mount Heng, Mount Hua, Mount Heng, Mount Song), his eyes turned into the moon and the sun, his blood changed into water in river and sea, his hair into grass. In all, the universe and Pangu combine in one.【诱思导学】1．Do you agree on the forming of the universe？Give your reasons.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．What kind of people is Pangu in your eyes?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】 1.No，I don't agree.Because the scientists have already found out how the universe formed.2．I think Pangu is very great and determined.He is a hero.Period ⅠPreviewing(教师用书独具)●教学目标本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，就下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
【高二】Unit 4 Astronomy：The science of the starsUnit 4 Astronomy：The science of the stars1. spreadvt.&vi. 展开,铺开;散布;扩大;延伸The bird spread its wings. 那只鸟展开了翅膀。
Flies spread disease. 苍蝇传播疾病。
常用结构:spread sth. with sth. 用……抹/涂/铺……spread ...on ...把……抹/涂/铺在……be spread for摆好（桌子）准备spread oneself\[口\]舒展四肢(躺下)spread out张开，伸开，铺开，展开，伸长高手过招单项填空Paper making began in China and to Europe.(2021•12•河南郑州检测)A. SpreadB. grewC. CarriedD. developed解析:选A。
句意为：造纸术起于中国，又传播到了欧洲。
spread传播。
2. methodn. 方法He has introduced a new method of teaching.他引进了一种新的方法。
What is the most effective method of birth control?控制出生率的最有效的方法是什么？联想拓展by this means=in this way=with this method用这种方法易混辨析method/meansmethod侧重“理论方法”，指做某事的具体步骤或程序。
a new teaching method一种新的方法means（单复数同形）侧重“通过手段”或“利用工具”去达到某种目的。
高手过招选词填空(method/means)（原创）①The quickest of travel is b y plane.②She has a very scientific of dealing with political problems.答案：①means②method3. harmfuladj. 有害的常用结构:do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害mean no harm 无意伤害别人;没有恶意harm one’s image/reputation 损害某人的形象/名声do more harm than good 弊大于利There is no harm in (sb.?s) doing sth.=It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth. (某人) 做某事无害处 be harmful to 对……有害harm n.&v. 损害，伤害Smoking is harmful to your health. 吸烟有害健康。
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of stars教案unit4astronomy:thescienceofstars教案teaching aims:1. talk about the science of stars2. practise giving instructions teaching difficulties:1. learn to use noun clauses as the subject2. learn to write an essay to show your problems and the way to overcome them.3. vocabulary: astronomy, atmosphere, violent, explode, surface, disappointed, gradually, cheer, mass, harmful, presence, in time, preve nt …from… depend on, now that, get the hang of, break outteaching procedures:the first period intensive reading step ⅰ presentationt: hello, everyone! today we will come to unit 4, astronomy. before that i have a question: where do we come from? or we can say: who are our ancestors?s1: monkeys!s2: beijing ren who lived many years ago.s3: dinosaurs…t: very good! do you know what it was like before life appeared on earth?s4: full of water…bs: i don’t know.t: do you want to get more information?ss: yes, we do.t: today we will learn something about how life began on earth. turn to page 25. let’s come to warming up first.step ⅱ warming up1. read the three questions, while the students listen and follow.2. give the students several minutes to discuss the questions.3. collect answers from the class.4. check answers while discussing.step ⅲ pre-readingget the students to discuss the questions on page 25 with their partners. then ask the students to tell their stories. encourage them to tell different stories, if they don’t know any, tell them some.t: now discuss these questions with your partners. then i will ask some of you to tell us your stories. are you clear?ss: yes.a. do you know each religion or culture has its own ideas about the beginning of the universe? give an example if you know.b. do you know what a scientific idea is?read some stories to the students.pangu separates the sky from the earth;the biblical account;india;japan;europe;…step ⅳ reading1. scanningget the students to read the passage quickly and accurately and meanwhile help the students to form a good habit of reading. give the students a couple of minutes to look throuth the whole passage. tell them to read silently and then ask some detailed questions about the text. encourage them to express their ideas. t: we are going to learn a passage about how life began on the earth. now read the text quickly and then answer my questions.a. what was there on the earth before life began?b. why do scientist think there has never been life on the moon?c. why do animals first appear in the sea?d. why do green plants help life to develop?e. why were mammals different from other animals? discuss the answers with the whole class.2. skimmingin this part, students will read the text again and finish part 1,2,3t: now skim the passage fast to finish part1,2,3,4 then we will check the answers together.key to part 1: dbigehacfjdiscuss the rest with the students.step ⅴ listeninglisten to the tape for the students to follow and have further understanding of the passage.t: read after the tape, then answer me some questions with your book closed.a. how did water come into being on the earth?b. why is water important on earth?step ⅵ language pointst: turn to page 25. let’s look at the sentences:a. it exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour.which leads non-restrictive attributive clause.in time: sooner or later; eventuallyi will see him in time.in time ( for sth/to do sth): not lateshe will be back in time to prepare dinner.in/out of time: in/not in the correct timethe audience clapped in time to the music.b. nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets going around the sun.be different from: not like someone or something else in one or more wayscity life is quite different from country life.c. whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.to come: serves as attributiveshe is the last person to do such a thing.depend on: something might only happen or be true if the circumstances are right for itour success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.d. walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.now that: because of the fact thatnow that i am free, i can enjoy music for a while.now that you have grown up, you can decide it by yourself.step ⅶ homework1. retell the passage2. remember important language pointsthe second period language studystep ⅰ revision1. check retelling of the passage2. translate the following sentences.a. 你迟早会胜利的.b. 我的车与你的不一样.c. 站在门旁边的那个人是谁?d. 他总是第一个来,最终一个走.e. 既然你已经长大了,你自己确定吧. suggested answers:a. you will succeed in time.b. my car is different from yours.c. who is the person standing by the door?d. he is always the first to come and the last to go.e. now that you have grown up you can decide it yourself.step ⅱ word studythis part is a consolidation of the words learnt in this unit. ask the students to do the exercises individually.a. page 27. first let students finish part 1,2b. check the answers with the whole class.c. give students 3minutes to finish part 3.d. let the students read part 4 for a while and finish it.e. turn to page 63. first let the students finish 1and 2 and check the answers.step ⅲ preparationshow some sentences on the blackboard.a. a tree has fallen across the road.b. you are a student.c. to find your way can be a problem.d. smoking is bad for you.e. “how do you do?” is a greeti ng.f. what she said is not yet known.g. that we shall be late is certain.h. it’s certain that we shall be late .t: what part does the underlined part serve as in eachsentence? or find its subject in each sentence.step ⅳ grammar1. give the students some time to find the sentences in the passage. the collect answers from the class.2. show typical examples of how to make a subject clause. guide the ss to find out what changes we have to make when we make a sentence or combine two sentences using subject clause. teacher shows the example and ss write down the sentences.3. turn to page 64. read the following passage quickly and finish the eight sentences.4. have a discussion in pairs. the topic is my dream. one talks about the problems in his study or life, another gives some advice. remind the students to use the following structuresa. my problem is…b. my trouble is…c. the question is…d. my advice is…e. what i think about it is…f. the fact is…g. my suggestion is…step ⅴhomework1. finish part 3(p23)2. finish part 3(p64)added material:什么是黑洞？就是在宇宙中有那么一些点，这些点的体积趋向于零而密度变得无穷大，由于具有强大的吸引力，物体只要进入离这个点必须距离的范围内，就会被这个强大的引力汲取掉，连光线也不例外。
Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars 课文知识点解析Warming UpDiscuss in pairs which science subjects are part of medicine,biochemistry,geophysics or astronomy.分组讨论哪些科学科目是医学，生物化学，地理学或天文学的一部分。
in pairs=two at a time=in twos一次两个，两个一组e.g.Shoes and slippers are sold in pairs.鞋子都是论双卖的。
注意：in+数词/名词（数词/名词以复数形式）e.g.in threes and fours 三三两两的in groups 成群的思维拓展in在这里表示：以……数量/形式、形状等。
e.g.Tourists queue in thousands to see the tomb. 游客数以千计排着队看陵墓。
Reading1.The problem was that the earth became violent because it was not clearwhether the solid shape was to last or not.这一问题变得越来越不确定，因为这一球体形状是否能够维持尚未明朗。
(1)violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的a violent language 激烈的语言a violent storm 猛烈的风暴a violent 猛攻思维拓展violence n.［U］1.暴力，强暴2.猛烈，剧烈，强烈(2)whether...or not... “是……还是……”在这里是主语从句,它还可以引导宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和状语从句。
e.g.I don’t know whether he will agree with me.（宾语）我不知道他是否同意我的观点。
( 英语教案 )学校：_________________________年级：_________________________教师：_________________________教案设计 / 精品文档 / 文字可改高一英语Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars(教Learning English is conducive to making friends, chatting or working together with foreigners, and learning English is very useful for traveling abroad.高一英语Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars(教学方案)unit 4 astronomy: the science of the starsgrammarteaching goals1 target languagea重点词汇和短语suffer, settle , realize , worry about , have got to, tie upb重点句子：he was very disappointed.what it was to become was a mystery.to save money, you must use as few words as possible.c. practise talking about problems in study or lifemy problem is… the difficulty is… my trouble is…the question is… my advice is… what i think about it is…the fact is… my suggestion is…2 ability goalslearn to use noun clauses as the subject..3 learning ability goalslet ss learn how to use noun clauses as the subjectteaching important pointsthe use of noun clauses as the subjectteaching difficult pointshow to teach the ss to learn to use noun clauses as the subjectteaching methodslearn grammar through practiceteaching aidscomputerteaching proceduresstep 1 revision1.check retelling of the passage.the explosion of the earth produced water vapor, which turned into water when the earth cooled down. water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases into the oceans and seas. that made it possible for life to begin to develop. the arrival of small plants encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. many millions of years later the first green plants began to appear on land. later land animals appeared. some were insects. others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the sea. when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. later, dinosaurs developed. they became the most important animals on the earth for millions of years. after they disappeared,mammals became more important. they were the last group of animals and they were different because they produced their young from within their bodies. small clever animals, with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. as time went by, they covered the earth and have become the most important animals on the planet.2.translate the following sentences.1.你迟早会成功的。
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsTeaching goals 教学目标1 Target language目标语言a重点词汇和短语gravity, by chanceb重点句子I heard about how the idea of gravity has developed over a long period of time.Pick out the information and draw lines from the list to where the things are on the suit of the astronaut.2 Ability goals 能力目标Enable the Ss to understand the different ideas about gravity.Enable the Ss to have a good understanding of the force of gravity in order to enjoy the stories fully and to become more involved and excited aboutstudying space and the stars.3. Learning ability goals 学能目标Enable the Ss to appreciate that the science fiction stories are imaginary but based on fact. Teaching important points教学重点Listen to the material about the detailed information about different scientists and their ideas. Complete the form , make True or False judgement and answer questions.Teaching difficult points教学难点Discuss with partners and have a debate to find out ways to solve the problems about what a spacesuit should be like.Teaching methods教学方法a. Discussionb. Listeningc Cooperative learningd. DebatingTeaching aids教具准备A recorderTeaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式Step I. RevisionCheck homework exercise.Part3 (P29):Part3 (P64):1.With the development of science and technology,people have come to depend more and more on the computer to deal with all kinds of things. 2.Now that many problems exist which cannot besolved, wars will probably break out.3.He gradually got the hang of this method ofresearch after many years’ practice.4.The presence of that famous director cheered upall the people at the meeting.5.We should find some ways to prevent the harmfulgas from spreading.6.He is already exhausted. We should lessen hispain instead of disappointing him.Step II. Listening (Using language)1.The Ss will hear different ideas about gravity of three scientists, and then fill in the blanks. T: Have you heard of Isaac Newton? How much do you know about him?S1: He’s English.S2: He set up an idea which is called “gravity”. T: What’s his idea about?S3: Gravity made everything fall back to the earth.T: Have you heard of Albert Einstein?S4: Yes. He’s a Jew. And he’s famous for his Theory of Relativity.T: How much do you know Stephen Hawking?S5: Sorry, not very much. I know him just from the passage on Page64,Workbook..T: It doesn’t matter if you don’t know them much. Today we’ll get more information about them. Turn to Page30. Go through Part1 quickly.2.Listen to the tape three or four times and pause where it’s necessary. Then check the answers with the whole class.T: Are you ready? Let’s listen for the first time. Please pay attention to the date.(Play the tape.)T: Have you got the answers?S1: Yes. Isaac Newton lived from 1642 to 1727. Albert Einstein lived from 1879 to 1955. StephenHawking was born in 1942.T: Let’s listen to the tape again. Please pay attention to the idea.(Play the tape again.)T: Have you got the answers?S2: Yes. Isaac Newton: Everything falls back to the earth because of a pull called gravity.S3:Albert Einstein: Gravity is different in space.S4: Stephen Hawking: Black holes would eat stars and they may also push stars out into space.T: Excellent answers! Have you got other information? Or, What was their gravity about?S5: Newton’s gravity is about earth.S6: Einstein’s idea about gravity was about universe.S7: Hawking’s idea was about black holes.T: I think we’ve solved this problem. Now readfour sentences in Part2, decide which the best idea is. If you are not sure, we will listen to the tape for the last time.(After play the tape.)T: Which one is the best?S8: No.3.T: Why No.3? What’s wrong with the other three? S9:Our listening passage didn’t mention how three men made mistakes. It only mentionedthat other scientists found they made mistakes.So No.1 is not correct.S10:No.2 is not true because the three scientists wanted to explain how the universe worked andnot how it began..S11:No.4 is too general and it doesn’t give enough details.T:Your explanations are enough. So we choose No.3. Then turn to Page62, Listening.Step III Listening (WB P62)1.Part1.T: Who’s Yang Liwei?S1: He’s our hero who traveled into space on October15,2003.T: What’s the name of the spaceship?S2: Shenzhou V.T: Do you know what education and experience you need to become an astronaut?S3: No.T: OK. Now we’ll listen to a conversation between Yang Liwei and a reporter. First, go through the six sentences in Part1. Now listen to the tape. (After listening)T: Have you got that? Now read the sentences and tell us True or False. If it’s not true, correct it.Ask students to read them and check the answerswith the whole class.Answers: FFTTTT2.Part2.T: Now focus your attention on Part2. Then we’ll listen to the tape again..Play the tape and pause when the students need to write information down. Then collect answers.3.Part3.First ask Ss to talk about the answer. If necessary play the tape again for Ss to check the answer. Answers: 1.There’s a special seat to throw him out of the space rocket if things went wrong.There are also a special door for another space rocket to rescue him2.The answer can be different.Step IV Listening Task (P65)T: Do you want to have a space walk?S: Yes, of course..T: But you know it’s dangerous, and it needsa great deal of practice. You should also weara spacesuit. The spacesuit needs someequipment. Do you know each part of theequipment?S: We’re not clear.T: Now listen to the tape. Then you’ll get it. Play the tape twice or three times to finish Part1 and 2.Key to Part1: CKey to Part2: 1.oxygen can (on the back) 2.water system (the part of the suit coveringthe body) 3.gravity boots (on the feet)4.left engine (on the left side)5.rightengine (on the right side) 6.tool kit(on the waist, at the back)Step V HomeworkToday we have listened to three materials. After class, you should listen to them again and sum up what you have learnt from them. For the homework, think about a question: What needs to be an astronaut?。
教学设计Unit 4 Astronomy --- the science of the starsReading: How life began on the earth一、Teaching aims and demands :1.Learn about the development of the earth itself and life on the earth.2.Learn how to get right information from the text.3.Strengthen our awareness to protect our earth.二、Teaching key and difficult pointsKey points: to grasp the main idea of the passage and to learn some reading strategies. Difficult points: to use the reading strategies in the reading procedure.三、Teaching aidsThe multimedia四、Teaching methodsTask-based language teachingCommunicative teaching group五、Teaching proceduresStep 1 Pre-readingShow students the picture on students’ books.Ask them some questions about the development of the earth and life, as well as some theories about it.设计意图：此部分设计了warming up 和leading in 的环节，通过图片和问题引出本课话题，了解学生对天文方面的背景知识的掌握情况。
