NASA World Wind WMS Architecture and Deployment

Package‘nasapower’December5,2023Type PackageTitle NASA POWER API ClientVersion4.1.0URL https:///nasapower/BugReports https:///ropensci/nasapower/issuesDescription An API client for NASA POWER global meteorology,surface solar energy and climatology data API.POWER(Prediction Of Worldwide EnergyResources)data are freely available for download with varying spatialresolutions dependent on the original data and with several temporalresolutions depending on the POWER parameter and community.This work isfunded through the NASA Earth Science Directorate Applied Science Program.For more on the data themselves,the methodologies used in creating,a web-based data viewer and web access,please see<https:///>. Depends R(>=3.5.0)License MIT+file LICENSEImports cli,crul,lubridate,jsonlite,readr,rlang,tibble(>=3.0.2)RoxygenNote7.2.3Encoding UTF-8Language en-USNeedsCompilation noRepository CRANSuggests knitr,purrr,rmarkdown,spelling,testthat(>=3.0.0),vcr(>=0.6.0)VignetteBuilder knitr-applicationCategory Tools-keywords NASA,meteorological-data,weather,global,weather,weather-data,meteorology,NASA-POWER,agroclimatology,earth-science,data-access,climate-data-isPartOf https://1Config/testthat/edition3Config/testthat/parallel trueAuthor Adam H.Sparks[aut,cre](<https:///0000-0002-0061-8359>), Scott Chamberlain[rev](<https:///0000-0003-1444-9135>,ScottChamberlain reviewed nasapower for rOpenSci,see<https:///ropensci/software-review/issues/155>.),Hazel Kavili[rev](Hazel Kavili reviewed nasapower for rOpenSci,see<https:///ropensci/software-review/issues/155>.),Alison Boyer[rev](Alison Boyer reviewed nasapower for rOpenSci,see<https:///ropensci/software-review/issues/155>.),Fernando Miguez[ctb](<https:///0000-0002-4627-8329>,Fernando Miguez provided assistance in identifying improper missingvalue handling in the POWER data,see<https:///femiguez/apsimx/pull/26>.),Maëlle Salmon[ctb](<https:///0000-0002-2815-0399>,MaëlleSalmon contributed a patch tofix issues with using the R package,'vcr',for testing the API queries,see<https:///ropensci/nasapower/pull/64>.),Phillip D.Alderman[ctb](<https:///0000-0003-1467-2337>,Phillip Alderman contributed a patch tofix an issue with,'The`file`argument of`vroom()`must use`I()`for literal data as ofvroom1.5.0.',see<https:///ropensci/nasapower/pull/67>.),Western Australia Agriculture Authority(W AAA)[cph](Supported thedevelopment of'nasapower'through Adam H.Sparks'time.)Maintainer Adam H.Sparks<*********************>Date/Publication2023-12-0512:40:02UTCR topics documented:get_power (2)query_parameters (6)Index9 get_power Get NASA POWER Data From the POWER APIDescriptionGet POWER global meteorology and surface solar energy climatology data and return a tidy data frame tibble::tibble()object.All options offered by the official POWER API are supported.Requests are formed to submit one request per point.There is no need to make synchronous requests for multiple parameters for a single point or regional request.See section on“Rate Limiting”for more.Usageget_power(community=c("ag","re","sb"),pars,temporal_api=c("daily","monthly","hourly","climatology"),lonlat,dates=NULL,site_elevation=NULL,wind_elevation=NULL,wind_surface=NULL,time_standard=c("LST","UTC"))Argumentscommunity A character vector providing community name:“ag”,“re”or“sb”.See argu-ment details for more.pars A character vector of solar,meteorological or climatology parameters to down-load.When requesting a single point of x,y coordinates,a maximum of twenty(20)pars can be specified at one time,for“daily”,“monthly”and“climatology”temporal_api s.If the temporal_api is specified as“hourly”only15pars canbe specified in a single query.See temporal_api for more.These values arechecked internally for validity before sending the query to the POWER API.temporal_api Temporal API end-point for data being queried,supported values are“hourly”,“daily”,“monthly”or“climatology”.Defaults to“daily”.See argument detailsfor more.lonlat A numeric vector of geographic coordinates for a cell or region entered as x,y (longitude,latitude)coordinates.See argument details for more.dates A character vector of start and end dates in that order,e.g.,dates=c("1983-01-01","2017-12-31").Not used whentemporal_api is set to“climatology”.See argument details for more.site_elevation A user-supplied value for elevation at a single point in metres.If provided this will return a corrected atmospheric pressure value adjusted to the elevation pro-vided.Only used with lonlat as a single point of x,y coordinates,not for usewith“global”or with a regional request.wind_elevation A user-supplied value for elevation at a single point in metres.Wind Eleva-tion values in Meters are required to be between10m and300m.Only usedwith lonlat as a single point of x,y coordinates,not for use with“global”orwith a regional request.If this parameter is provided,the wind-surface param-eter is required with the request,see https:///docs/methodology/meteorology/wind/.wind_surface A user-supplied wind surface for which the corrected wind-speed is to be sup-plied.See wind-surface section for more detail.time_standard POWER provides two different time standards:•Universal Time Coordinated(UTC):is the standard time measure that usedby the world.•Local Solar Time(LST):A15degree swath that represents solar noon atthe middle longitude of the swath.Defaults to LST.ValueA data frame as a class,an extension of the tibble::tibble,object of POWER data includ-ing location,dates(not including“climatology”)and requested parameters.A decorative header of metadata is included in this object.Argument details for“community”There are three valid values,one must be supplied.This will affect the units of the parameter and the temporal display of time series data.ag Provides access to the Agroclimatology Archive,which contains industry-friendly parameters formatted for input to crop models.sb Provides access to the Sustainable Buildings Archive,which contains industry-friendly param-eters for the buildings community to include parameters in multi-year monthly averages.re Provides access to the Renewable Energy Archive,which contains parameters specifically tai-lored to assist in the design of solar and wind powered renewable energy systems. Argument details for temporal_apiThere are four valid values.hourly The hourly average of pars by hour,day,month and year,the time zone is LST by default.daily The daily average of pars by day,month and year.monthly The monthly average of pars by month and year.climatology Provide parameters as22-year climatologies(solar)and30-year climatologies(mete-orology);the period climatology and monthly average,maximum,and/or minimum values. Argument details for lonlatFor a single point To get a specific cell,1/2x1/2degree,supply a length-two numeric vector giving the decimal degree longitude and latitude in that order for data to download,e.g.,lonlat=c(-179.5,-89.5).For regional coverage To get a region,supply a length-four numeric vector as lower left(lon, lat)and upper right(lon,lat)coordinates,e.g.,lonlat=c(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax)in that order for a given region,e.g.,a bounding box for the south western corner of Australia:lonlat =c(112.5,-55.5,115.5,-50.5).*Maximum area processed is4.5x4.5degrees(100 points).For global coverage To get global coverage for“climatology”,supply“global”while also speci-fying“climatology”for the temporal_api.Argument details for datesif one date only is provided,it will be treated as both the start date and the end date and only a single day’s values will be returned,e.g.,dates="1983-01-01".When temporal_api is set to “monthly”,use only two year values(YYYY),e.g.dates=c(1983,2010).This argument should not be used when temporal_api is set to“climatology”and will be ignored if set.wind_surfaceThere are17surfaces that may be used for corrected wind-speed values using the following equa-tion:W SC h gt=W S10m×(hgtW S50m)α.Valid surface types are described here.vegtype_135-m broadleaf-evergreen trees(70%coverage)vegtype_220-m broadleaf-deciduous trees(75%coverage)vegtype_320-m broadleaf and needleleaf trees(75%coverage)vegtype_417-m needleleaf-evergreen trees(75%coverage)vegtype_514-m needleleaf-deciduous trees(50%coverage)vegtype_6Savanna:18-m broadleaf trees(30%)&groundcovervegtype_70.6-m perennial groundcover(100%)vegtype_80.5-m broadleaf shrubs(variable%)&groundcovervegtype_90.5-m broadleaf shrubs(10%)with bare soilvegtype_10Tundra:0.6-m trees/shrubs(variable%)&groundcovervegtype_11Rough bare soilvegtype_12Crop:20-m broadleaf-deciduous trees(10%)&wheatvegtype_20Rough glacial snow/iceseaice Smooth sea iceopenwater Open waterairportice Airport:flat ice/snowairportgrass Airport:flat rough grassRate limitingThe POWER API endpoints limit queries to prevent server overloads due to repetitive and rapid requests.If youfind that the API is throttling your queries,I suggest that you investigate the use of limit_rate()from ratelimitr to create self-limiting functions that will respect the rate limits that the API has in place.It is considered best practice to check the POWER website for the latest rate limits as they differ between temporal API s and may change over time as the project matures. NoteThe associated metadata shown in the decorative header are not saved if the data are exported to a file format other than a native R data format,e.g.,.Rdata,.rda or.rds.Author(s)Adam H.Sparks<*********************>Referenceshttps:///docs/methodology/https://Examples#Fetch daily"ag"community temperature,relative humidity and#precipitation for January11985at Kingsthorpe,Queensland,Australiaag_d<-get_power(community="ag",lonlat=c(151.81,-27.48),pars=c("RH2M","T2M","PRECTOTCORR"),dates="1985-01-01",temporal_api="daily")ag_d#Fetch single point climatology for air temperatureag_c_point<-get_power(community="ag",pars="T2M",c(151.81,-27.48),temporal_api="climatology")ag_c_point#Fetch interannual solar cooking parameters for a given regionsse_i<-get_power(community="re",lonlat=c(112.5,-55.5,115.5,-50.5),dates=c("1984","1985"),temporal_api="monthly",pars=c("CLRSKY_SFC_SW_DWN","ALLSKY_SFC_SW_DWN"))sse_iquery_parameters Query the POWER API for Detailed Information on Available Param-etersDescriptionQueries the POWER API returning detailed information on available parameters.Usagequery_parameters(community=NULL,par=NULL,temporal_api=NULL)Argumentscommunity An optional character vector providing community name:“ag”,“sb”or“re”.par An optional character vector of a single solar,meteorological or climatology parameter to query.If unsure,omit this argument for for a full list of all theparameters available for each temporal API and community.temporal_api An optional character vector indicating the temporal API end-point for data be-ing queried,supported values are“hourly”,“daily”,“monthly”or“climatol-ogy”.DetailsIf par is not provided all possible parameters for the provided community,community and temporal API,temporal_api will be returned.If only a single parameter is supplied with no communityor temporal_api then the complete attribute information for that parameter will be returned for all possible communities and temporal API s combinations.If all three values are provided,only the information for that specific combination of parameter,temporal API and community will be returned.ValueA list object of information for the requested parameter(s)(if requested),community and temporalAPI.Argument details for temporal_apiThere are four valid values.hourly The hourly average of pars by hour,day,month and year.daily The daily average of pars by day,month and year.monthly The monthly average of pars by month and year.climatology Provide parameters as22-year climatologies(solar)and30-year climatologies(mete-orology);the period climatology and monthly average,maximum,and/or minimum values.Author(s)Adam H.Sparks,<*********************>Examples#fetch the complete set of attribute information for"T2M".query_parameters(par="T2M")#fetch complete temporal and community specific attribute information#for"T2M"in the"ag"community for the"hourly"temporal API.query_parameters(par="T2M",community="ag",temporal_api="hourly")#fetch complete temporal and community specific attribute information#for all parameters in the"ag"community for the"hourly"temporal API. query_parameters(community="ag",temporal_api="hourly")Indexget_power,2list,7query_parameters,6tibble::tibble,4tibble::tibble(),29。

基于NASA World Wind的GeoTIFF影像显示方案研究潘伟;郑逢斌;乔保军;徐辉;刘定一【期刊名称】《计算机应用》【年(卷),期】2009(029)006【摘要】鏊于遥感影像GeoTIFF研究过程中对地理信息的需求,提出了基于World Wind的GeoTIFF显示方案.在对World Wind分层显示进行深入研究的基础上,采用添加Geo TIFF图层的方式显示影像数据和设置影像alpha值的方式透视影像覆盖区域的地表特征.实验证明该方案能够快速地显示GeoTIFF影像,能方便地查看GeoTIFF覆盖区域的地表特征.【总页数】3页(P1745-1747)【作者】潘伟;郑逢斌;乔保军;徐辉;刘定一【作者单位】河南大学,数据与知识工程研究所,河南,开封,475001;中国科学院,遥感应用研究所,北京,100101;国家航天局,航天遥感论证中心,北京,100101;河南大学,数据与知识工程研究所,河南,开封,475001;河南大学,数据与知识工程研究所,河南,开封,475001;中国科学院,遥感应用研究所,北京,100101;国家航天局,航天遥感论证中心,北京,100101;河南大学,数据与知识工程研究所,河南,开封,475001;中国科学院,遥感应用研究所,北京,100101;国家航天局,航天遥感论证中心,北京,100101;河南大学,数据与知识工程研究所,河南,开封,475001【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TP317.4【相关文献】1.基于Windows平台的DICOM医学影像显示技术研究 [J], 吕晓琪;刘建勋;赵建峰2.VxWorks下基于WindML汉字显示在某武控系统中的解决方案 [J],3.基于NASA World Wind的遥感影像处理方案研究 [J], 支晶晶;马小飞;乔保军;潘伟4.基于WindML的VxWorks汉字显示方案 [J], 王榕;许磊;樊宇涛;姚敏立5.基于WindML的VxWorks汉字显示方案 [J], 王榕;许磊;樊宇涛;姚敏立因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

Package‘worldmet’June5,2023Type PackageTitle Import Surface Meteorological Data from NOAA Integrated SurfaceDatabase(ISD)Version0.9.8Date2023-06-05ByteCompile trueDepends R(>=3.2.0)Imports openair,doParallel,parallel,foreach,purrr(>=1.0.0),dplyr,leaflet,tidyr,readr,magrittr,tibbleMaintainer David Carslaw<*********************.uk>Description Functions to import data from more than30,000surfacemeteorological sites around the world managed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-ministration(NOAA)Integrated SurfaceDatabase(ISD).License GPL(>=2)URL https://davidcarslaw.github.io/worldmet/index.html,http://davidcarslaw.github.io/worldmet/BugReports https:///davidcarslaw/worldmet/issuesSuggests knitr,rmarkdownLanguage en-GBLazyLoad trueLazyData trueEncoding UTF-8RoxygenNote7.2.3VignetteBuilder knitrNeedsCompilation noAuthor David Carslaw[aut,cre]Repository CRANDate/Publication2023-06-0518:20:02UTC12exportADMS R topics documented:exportADMS (2)getMeta (3)getMetaLive (4)importNOAA (5)weatherCodes (7)Index8 exportADMS Export a meteorological data frame in ADMS formatDescriptionWrites a textfile in the ADMS format to a location of the user’s choosing,with optional interpola-tion of missing values.UsageexportADMS(dat,out="./ADMS_met.MET",interp=FALSE,maxgap=2)Argumentsdat A data frame imported by importNOAA().out Afile name for the ADMSfile.Thefile is written to the working directory by default.interp Should interpolation of missing values be undertaken?If TRUE linear interpola-tion is carried out for gaps of up to and including maxgap.maxgap The maximum gap in hours that should be interpolated where there are missing data when interp=TRUE.Data with gaps more than maxgap are left as missing.ValueexportADMS()returns the input dat invisibly.Examples##Not run:##import some data then export itdat<-importNOAA(year=2012)exportADMS(dat,out="~/adms_met.MET")##End(Not run)getMeta3 getMeta Find a ISD site code and other meta dataDescriptionGet information on meteorological sitesUsagegetMeta(site="heathrow",lat=NA,lon=NA,country=NA,state=NA,n=10,end.year="current",provider=c("OpenStreetMap","Esri.WorldImagery"),plot=TRUE,returnMap=FALSE)Argumentssite A site name search string e.g.site="heathrow".The search strings and be partial and can be upper or lower case e.g.site="HEATHR".lat A latitude in decimal degrees to search.Takes the values-90to90.lon A longitude in decimal degrees to search.Takes values-180to180.Negative numbers are west of the Greenwich meridian.country The country code.This is a two letter code.For a full listing see https:// /pub/data/noaa/isd-history.csv.state The state code.This is a two letter code.n The number of nearest sites to search based on latitude and longitude.end.year To helpfilter sites based on how recent the available data are.end.year can be"current","any"or a numeric year such as2016,or a range of years e.g.1990:2016(which would select any site that had an end date in that range.Bydefault only sites that have some data for the current year are returned.provider By default a map will be created in which readers may toggle between a vec-tor base map and a satellite/aerial image.provider allows users to overridethis default;see http://leaflet-extras.github.io/leaflet-providers/preview/for a list of all base maps that can be used.If multiple base maps areprovided,they can be toggled between using a"layer control"interface.plot If TRUE will plot sites on an interactive leaflet map.returnMap Should the leaflet map be returned instead of the meta data?Default is FALSE.4getMetaLiveDetailsThis function is primarily used tofind a site code that can be used to access data using importNOAA().Sites searches of approximately30,000sites can be carried out based on the site name and based on the nearest locations based on user-supplied latitude and longitude.ValueA data frame is returned with all available meta data,mostly importantly including a code that canbe supplied to importNOAA().If latitude and longitude searches are made an approximate distance, dist in km is also returned.Author(s)David CarslawSee AlsogetMetaLive()to download the all meta data to allow re-use and direct querying.Examples##Not run:##search for sites with name beijinggetMeta(site="beijing")##End(Not run)##Not run:##search for near a specified lat/lon-near Beijing airport##returns n nearest by defaultgetMeta(lat=40,lon=116.9)##End(Not run)getMetaLive Obtain site meta data from NOAA serverDescriptionDownload all NOAA meta data,allowing for re-use and direct querying.UsagegetMetaLive(...)Arguments...Currently unused.Valuea tibbleExamples##Not run:meta<-getMetaLive()head(meta)##End(Not run)importNOAA Import Meteorological data from the NOAA Integrated SurfaceDatabase(ISD)DescriptionThis is the main function to import data from the NOAA Integrated Surface Database(ISD).The ISD contains detailed surface meteorological data from around the world for over30,000locations.UsageimportNOAA(code="037720-99999",year=2014,hourly=TRUE,n.cores=1,quiet=FALSE,path=NA)Argumentscode The identifying code as a character string.The code is a combination of the USAF and the WBAN unique identifiers.The codes are separated by a“-”e.g.code="037720-99999".year The year to import.This can be a vector of years e.g.year=2000:2005.hourly Should hourly means be calculated?The default is TRUE.If FALSE then the raw data are returned.n.cores Number of cores to use for parallel processing.Default is1and hence no paral-lelism.quiet If FALSE,print missing sites/years to the screen.path If afile path is provided,the data are saved as an rdsfile at the chosen locatione.g.path="C:/Users/David".Files are saved by year and site.DetailsNote the following units for the main variables:date Date/time in POSIXct format.Note the time zone is GMT(UTC)and may need to be adjusted to merge with other local data.See details below.latitude Latitude in decimal degrees(-90to90).longitude Longitude in decimal degrees(-180to180).Negative numbers are west of the Green-wich Meridian.elevation Elevation of site in metres.wd Wind direction in degrees.90is from the east.ws Wind speed in m/s.ceil_hgt The height above ground level(AGL)of the lowest cloud or obscuring phenomena layer aloft with5/8or more summation total sky cover,which may be predominantly opaque,or the vertical visibility into a surface-based obstruction.visibility The visibility in metres.air_temp Air temperature in degrees Celcius.dew_point The dew point temperature in degrees Celcius.atmos_pres The sea level pressure in millibars.RH The relative humidity(%).cl_1,...,cl_3Cloud cover for different layers in Oktas(1-8).cl Maximum of cl_1to cl_3cloud cover in Oktas(1-8).cl_1_height,...,cl_3_height Height of the cloud base for each later in metres.precip_1212-hour precipitation in mm.The sum of this column should give the annual precipita-tion.precip_66-hour precipitation in mm.precip This value of precipitation spreads the12-hour total across the previous12hours.pwc The description of the present weather description(if available).The data are returned in GMT(UTC).It may be necessary to adjust the time zone when combining with other data.For example,if air quality data were available for Beijing with time zone set to "Etc/GMT-8"(note the negative offset even though Beijing is ahead of GMT.See the openair pack-age and manual for more details),then the time zone of the met data can be changed to be the same.One way of doing this would be attr(met$date,"tzone")<-"Etc/GMT-8"for a meteorological data frame called met.The two data sets could then be merged based on date.ValueReturns a data frame of surface observations.The data frame is consistent for use with the openair package.Note that the data are returned in GMT(UTC)time zone ers may wish to express the data in other time zones,e.g.,to merge with air pollution data.The lubridate package is useful in this respect.weatherCodes7Author(s)David CarslawSee AlsogetMeta()to obtain the codes based on various site search approaches.Examples##Not run:##use Beijing airport code(see getMeta example)dat<-importNOAA(code="545110-99999",year=2010:2011)##End(Not run)weatherCodes Codes for weather typesDescriptionThis data frame consists of the weather description codes used in the ISD.It is not of general use to most users.Examples##basic structurehead(weatherCodes)Index∗datasetsweatherCodes,7exportADMS,2getMeta,3getMeta(),7getMetaLive,4getMetaLive(),4importNOAA,5importNOAA(),2,4lubridate,6tibble,5weatherCodes,78。

世界上最大的风洞多愁善感的诗人说：孤寒中的梅花，坚韧顽强，傲然独立，潇洒的北风，你忍心在如此严寒之中再摧残她吗?请放慢脚步，精心的呵护她吧~~但对于某些东西，风中的摧残是考验，是为了让它更加完美，避免惨重的后果。

而这考验之地，就是风洞。

接下来，小编来带大家认识风洞。

世界最大的风洞NASA AMES风洞(wind tunnel)即风洞实验室，是以人工的方式产生并且控制气流，用来模拟飞行器或实体周围气体的流动情况，并可量度气流对实体的作用效果以及观察物理现象的一种管道状实验设备，它是进行空气动力实验最常用、最有效的工具。

风洞实验是飞行器研制工作中的不可缺少的组成部分。

实验时，常将模型或实物固定在风洞中反复地、经济地取得实验数据。

风洞实验容易控制流动条件，可重要依据是运动的相对性原理，不仅在航空和航天工程的研究和发展中起着重要作用，随着工业空气动力学的发展，在交通运输、房屋建筑、风能利用等领域更不可或缺。

风洞有很多种类，技术流的说明可点击页面最下方链接。

风洞是航空航天领域极为重要的地面试验设施。

现在世界上最大的风洞，属于航天领域的老大，美国国家航空和航天局(NASA)。

Ames风洞坐落在加州Mountain View的艾姆斯研究中心(Ames Research Center)，Ames研究中心是美国国防部在1939年12月20日建造的，总耗资30亿美金。

最初成立是为了从事对螺旋桨飞机的空气动力学的风洞研究，逐渐发展到航天和信息技术。

Ames在很多NASA和美国太空及航空项目中起到很关键的作用。

它引领着天体生物学、小卫星、探月机器人、寻找可居住行星、超级计算机、智能/自适应系统、先进的气候保护及机载天文学的研究工作，目前有2300名员工，每年享有8.6亿美元的政府财政预算支持。

Ames风洞由一座风扇电机功率25兆瓦的12.2米×24.4米全尺寸低速风洞The Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel (UPWT)，和一个75兆瓦的National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC)组成，它拥有一个24.4米× 36.6米的世界最大进气口。

基于52°North WPS的地理参考系统坐标转化服务熊一【摘要】In recent years ,with the development of networktechnology ,spatial information technology and mature ,oriented spatial information service network has got great development ,which is also promote the development of data sharing and management ,and the spatial information processing service rapidly .However ,geographic reference system has the different data source provider ,and the different users may need data from different geographical reference system .So conversion between geographic reference system is still a key technology of data preprocessing . This paper mainly introduces the conversion methods ,technology and process of geographic reference system under the framework of spatial information service . The whole experiment process is standing on the platform of open source 52 ° North WPS .%近年来，随着网络技术、空间信息技术的发展与成熟，面向网络的空间信息服务得到了极大的发展，并推动了数据共享与管理、空间信息处理服务飞速的发展。

科学怎样影响我们的生活英语作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1How Science Affects Our Daily LivesHi there! My name is Jamie and I'm in 5th grade. Today I want to talk to you about how science impacts our lives every single day. Science is super cool and it's all around us, even if we don't always notice it.Let's start with something we use constantly - our phones and computers! The technology that powers these devices is all thanks to science. Things like the microchips, batteries, touchscreens, and cameras were invented by scientists studying physics, chemistry, and engineering. Without their hard work, we wouldn't be able to browse the internet, watch videos, take pictures, or do basically anything on our phones and laptops. Isn't that crazy to think about?Speaking of the internet, that's another area where science plays a huge role. The internet relies on complex systems of computers, cables, and satellites to send data all over the world. Plus, scientists are constantly working to make internet speedsfaster and connections more reliable. Streaming movies or video chatting with friends just wouldn't be possible without years of scientific research.Have you ever wondered how planes are able to fly? It's because of physics and aerodynamics! Scientists discovered the forces of thrust, drag, lift and gravity that allow airplanes to take off and stay in the air. The shape of a plane's wings and engines are carefully designed to overcome gravity using principles of physics. If it wasn't for those early aviation pioneers like the Wright Brothers experimenting with science, we might have never conquered human flight.Medicine is another field that relies heavily on science. From xrays and MRI machines that let doctors see inside our bodies, to the medicines that help us get better when we're sick, science makes modern healthcare possible. All those pills, syrups, and treatments were rigorously tested and developed thanks to biology, chemistry, and years of medical research. Stay curious about science and who knows, maybe you'll grow up to discover the next world-changing vaccine or treatment!Even the food we eat is impacted by science. Farmers use scientific methods to grow bigger, healthier crops. Food scientists investigate ways to make meals more nutritious orcreate new types of foods altogether. Preservatives help stop food from spoiling as quickly. The science of food safety makes sure what we buy at restaurants and grocery stores is free of harmful bacteria and contaminants. It's amazing how many sciences come together for something as simple as a cheeseburger!Our homes, buildings, and modes of transportation are designed using principles of engineering, physics, and architecture. The structures of bridges, skyscrapers, and homes have to be built in a way that meets scientific standards for safety and stability. Race cars are built super aerodynamically according to the laws of physics. Even household appliances like refrigerators, ovens, air conditioners, and water heaters operate based on the science behind concepts like electric currents, thermodynamics, and energy transfers.Science also helps us understand the world around us, from studying animals and their habitats to exploring outer space. We've learned about evolution, discovered new planets, grasped the underpinnings of weather patterns and natural phenomena like volcanoes, earthquakes, and eclipses - all thanks to the ceaseless curiosity of scientists throughout history.As you can see, science touches literally every part of our lives in some way, shape or form. From the moment we wake up in the morning to the time we go to bed at night, we are surrounded by the incredible innovations and discoveries made possible by science. That's why I think science is just about the coolest thing ever!篇2How Science Affects Our LivesHi there! My name is Emma and I'm a 4th grade student. Today I want to talk about how science affects our daily lives in so many ways. Science is super cool and important, even for kids like me!First of all, science helps create lots of the technology we use every single day. Things like our phones, computers, TVs, and game systems wouldn't exist without science. Scientists and engineers use their knowledge of physics, chemistry, and other sciences to design all the awesome tech gadgets we love.Take my phone for example. It's basically a tiny computer that fits in my pocket! The scientists who invented smartphones had to really understand things like circuits, signals, batteries, and coding. Without their hard work learning science, I wouldn'tbe able to text my friends, watch videos, or play mobile games on my phone. Isn't that crazy?Science also helps us by giving us important medicines that keep us healthy. Doctors and researchers study biology, anatomy, and chemistry to create life-saving drugs and treatments. Thanks to their scientific work, we have cures and therapies for all sorts of diseases that used to be deadly in the past.My grandma has to take medicine for her diabetes, which is a disease that makes it hard for her body to process sugar properly. The medicine she takes was developed through years of careful research by scientists. I'm really grateful that the medicine exists to help keep her healthy!Another way science improves our lives is by helping us understand the world around us. Because of science, we know why the sky is blue, how rainbows form, what causes the changing seasons, and so much more about nature and our environment. Biologists study all the cool plants and animal species on our planet too.In science class, I've learned about the water cycle, the different types of clouds, and why leaves change color in the fall. Understanding these things makes the world feel even more amazing to me. I can't wait to learn more through science!Science also makes our lives better by allowing us to explore space. Astronomers, engineers, and physicists worked together to create telescopes, rockets, satellites, and spacecraft that let us study the moon, stars, planets, and deeper parts of our galaxy.The scientists at NASA have launched tons of space missions and even landed rovers on Mars to drive around and collect data. Maybe I'll get to be an astronaut someday and travel to space myself thanks to all their hard work!My dad is actually a chemist who develops soaps, shampoos, and cleaning products for a company. He uses his science skills at work every day. It's really neat how experimenting with different chemicals leads to new and improved household items.Science also helps us take care of the environment through things like renewable energy sources and efforts to reduce pollution. Scientists are always working on developing solar panels, wind turbines, and other clean energy technologies to move us away from fossil fuels that harm the planet.At home, my family tries to do our part for the environment too - like recycling plastic, paper and glass, and usingeco-friendly light bulbs. We couldn't do those things without sciences like chemistry and environmental studies teaching people the best practices.There are so many other examples of how science shapes our modern lives that I could go on and on. Things like modern agriculture, air travel, internet communications, and advanced construction techniques...they all stem from scientific principles and innovations.Without the curiosity, hard work, and problem-solving skills of scientists across many different fields, our world would look drastically different today. We might not have cool inventions like roller coasters or microwaves or vacuum cleaners! How boring would that be?Science is truly an amazing tool that helps make our lives easier, safer, and a whole lot more fun. As a kid, I'm fascinated learning about new scientific discoveries and ideas. I'd love to contribute to science myself as a scientist or engineer someday.No matter what career I choose, though, I know science will keep playing an huge role in shaping the future world I grow up in. Self-driving cars, artificial intelligence, cures for diseases, space tourism...who knows what's next? I can't wait to see how science will continue changing our lives for the better. Our world is always evolving thanks to science. How exciting is that? Science rocks!篇3How Science Affects Our LivesHi there! My name is Sam and I'm going to tell you all about how science impacts our daily lives in so many amazing ways. Science is super cool and it helps make a lot of the things we use and do every day possible.Let's start with something simple - the lights in our homes! The reason we can have lights to see at night is because of science and our understanding of electricity. Scientists figured out how to generate electricity and how to transmit it through wires into our houses. The lightbulbs themselves are also a scientific invention that wouldn't exist without physics and engineering.Speaking of lights, have you ever wondered how TVs work? The screens use a bunch of tiny colored lights to create all the pictures and videos we see. Crazy, right? But it's all thanks to scientific discoveries about light, electricity, and digital technology over many years by some really smart people.Our homes themselves are impacted by science too. The materials our houses are built with like wood, bricks, concrete, glass, and metal are all manufactured using scientific processes.Scientists and engineers had to figure out the best ways to create those materials and construct sturdy buildings with them.When you get sick, science comes to the rescue again with medicine. All those pills, liquids, ointments and other treatments were carefully designed, tested, and improved based on our scientific knowledge of biology, chemistry and the human body. Modern life-saving procedures like surgery were also developed through years of scientific research.Even the food we eat is affected by science! Farmers use scientific methods to help grow bigger, healthier crops. Food engineers use science to make many of the packaged foods we buy. And centuries ago, scientists had to experiment a lot to figure out farming techniques that fed entire civilizations.Moving around from place to place involves a ton of scientific principles too. Bicycles, cars, planes, trains, boats - you name it - they only move and work properly because of physics and engineering. The engines that power vehicles and the aerodynamic designs that help them go faster were developed through scientific testing and innovation.Communication between people, both near and far, is another area where science plays a huge role. The phones, computers, and internet that enable us to talk to anyone in theworld wouldn't exist if it wasn't for brilliant scientists learning about electronics, digital technology, satellites, and so much more.Even the clothes you wear are impacted by science! The fabrics we use like cotton, polyester, wool and silk go through industrial processes to be woven into shirts, pants and other garments. The laundry detergents that keep our clothes bright and clean are made from complex chemical formulas developed by scientists. Fashion and textile experts also use science to create new types of clothing materials with special abilities like being waterproof or stain-resistant.I could honestly go on and on because there are scientific principles at work behind almost everything we do in the modern world. When you play video games, listen to music, brush your teeth, heat up food, recycle plastics, exercise outside, watch the weather report on TV - science makes those activities possible in one way or another.So as you can see, science is super important and impacts our lives from the moment we wake up until we go to bed at night. It helps keep us warm, healthy, entertained, connected, productive and safe each day. We're able to live such comfortable, convenient lifestyles thanks to generations ofscientists who worked hard to understand the world around us better.Science is truly an incredible force for discovering new knowledge and pushing the boundaries of innovation. We should all be grateful for science and the brilliant minds throughout history who helped shape the modern world we live in today. I know I sure am! Science is awesome!篇4How Science Affects Our LivesHi there! My name is Emily, and I'm a 4th grader at Sunny Valley Elementary School. Today, I want to talk to you about science and how it affects our lives in so many ways. Science is super cool, and it helps make our world a better place!First of all, let's talk about something we all love – food! Have you ever wondered how we get all the yummy fruits and veggies we eat? Well, that's thanks to science! Farmers use scientific methods to grow crops that are healthy, tasty, and plentiful. They study the soil, the weather, and the best ways to protect plants from bugs and diseases. Without science, we wouldn't have as much delicious food to enjoy!Speaking of food, have you ever gotten sick from eating something that was spoiled? Yuck! That's no fun at all. But thanks to science, we have ways to keep our food fresh and safe to eat for longer periods. Refrigeration, canning, and other preservation methods were all developed through scientific research. Isn't it amazing how science helps keep us healthy?Now, let's talk about something really exciting – technology! All the cool gadgets we use every day, like smartphones, computers, and video games, are made possible by science. Scientists and engineers use their knowledge of physics, chemistry, and math to create new technologies that make our lives easier and more fun.Can you imagine a world without electricity? No lights, no TV, no video games – that would be terrible! But thanks to scientists who studied electricity and how to generate and distribute it, we can enjoy all the conveniences of modern life.And have you ever been to a hospital or a doctor's office? Science is what helps doctors and nurses understand how our bodies work and how to treat illnesses and injuries. From developing new medicines to creating life-saving medical devices, science plays a huge role in keeping us healthy and safe.But science doesn't just affect our lives at home or when we're sick. It also helps us explore and understand the world around us. Scientists study everything from the tiniest atoms to the vastness of space. They learn about animals, plants, rocks, and all sorts of cool natural phenomena. Without science, we wouldn't know as much about our amazing planet and the universe beyond.Speaking of the universe, have you ever looked up at the night sky and wondered what's out there? Thanks to science, we've been able to send spaceships and robots to explore other planets and even take pictures of galaxies billions of miles away! Isn't that incredible?And let's not forget about how science helps us take care of our planet. Scientists study things like climate change, pollution, and endangered species. Their research helps us find ways to protect the environment and make sure our world stays healthy for generations to come.As you can see, science affects our lives in so many ways, from the food we eat to the technologies we use, and from keeping us healthy to helping us explore the unknown. It's a fascinating subject, and there's always something new to learn and discover.So, the next time you're playing with a cool new gadget, eating a delicious meal, or just looking up at the stars, remember – it's all thanks to science! Who knows, maybe someday you'll become a scientist yourself and help make even more amazing discoveries that change the world.篇5How Science Impacts Our Daily LivesScience is super cool and important! It helps us understand the world around us and makes our lives better in so many ways.I love learning about science because there's always something new and exciting to discover.One way science impacts our lives is through technology. All the awesome gadgets and devices we use every day, like smartphones, computers, TVs, and video games, were created using scientific knowledge. Scientists and engineers use principles from physics, chemistry, and other sciences to design new technologies. It's mind-blowing to think that something as complex as a smartphone is the result of science in action!I can't imagine life without technology these days. My family uses technology for practically everything - communication, entertainment, work, education, and so much more. We use ourphones and laptops to stay connected with friends and relatives, no matter where they live. We stream movies and shows, play online games, and listen to music, all thanks to digital devices and the internet. My parents do a lot of their jobs remotely using computers and video calls. And I couldn't do my schoolwork or homework without a computer and online resources. Technology truly shapes our modern lifestyle.Medicine is another huge area where science plays a vital role in our lives. Medical science researches diseases, discovers cures and treatments, and develops ways to improve human health. Every vaccine that protects us from illnesses like measles, polio, and COVID-19 exists because of medical science. Doctors use scientific tools like X-rays, MRIs, and other scans to diagnose injuries and illnesses. And medicines that help us get better when we're sick are formulated through scientific testing and research.I'm so grateful for medical science because it has saved countless lives and allows people to live longer, healthier lives than ever before in human history. My grandparents are able to manage chronic conditions like diabetes and heart disease thanks to modern medicine. And I'm able to stay active and healthy because vaccines protect me from dangerous diseasesthat used to be widespread. Medical science is always advancing to find better ways to detect, treat, and prevent health issues.Science also enhances our understanding of the natural world through fields like biology, earth science, astronomy, and more. We've learned so much about animals, plants, ecosystems, our planet, the solar system, and the vast universe through scientific exploration and research. Scientists constantly uncover new knowledge that expands our view of the world.For example, we know about evolution and how life on Earth evolved over billions of years thanks to the work of scientists like Charles Darwin. We've discovered fascinating details about different environments and habitats by studying ecology. And space exploration has revealed incredible things about our solar system, galaxies, stars, and the origins of the universe.Cutting-edge telescopes and rovers allow us to see farther into space than ever before.One of my favorite parts of science is how it drives innovation to tackle global issues like climate change, food and water shortages, and energy needs. Scientists around the world are developing clean energy technologies like solar, wind, and nuclear power to reduce harmful emissions and pollution. They're creating more sustainable ways to produce food throughtechniques like vertical farming, hydroponics, and genetic engineering. And they're working on systems to purify and desalinate water to increase access to fresh water.These scientific innovations can change millions of lives for the better. As the human population keeps growing, science will play a critical role in finding solutions to meet increased demand for resources in eco-friendly ways that protect the environment. It's awesome to think about how science can solve some of humanity's biggest challenges.Science is just plain fascinating because there's always more to learn and discover. Every new finding leads to more mysteries and questions to explore. Who knows what mind-blowing scientific breakthroughs might happen in fields like quantum computing, artificial intelligence, genetic engineering, or space travel in our lifetimes? The possibilities seem endless!I can't wait to see how science will continue changing and shaping our world in the future. But I know one thing for sure - science will keep making positive impacts on our daily lives in countless ways, big and small. It makes our modern world go round, and I'm endlessly amazed by how much we can achieve through scientific knowledge and curiosity.篇6How Science Affects Our LivesHi there! My name is Emma, and I'm a 5th grader at Oakwood Elementary School. Today, I want to talk to you about something that plays a huge role in our daily lives – science! You might be thinking, "But Emma, I'm just a kid. What does science have to do with me?" Well, let me tell you, science affects almost everything we do!First of all, let's talk about the cool gadgets and technology we use every day. Your smartphone, tablet, computer, television – they're all made possible by science! Scientists and engineers have to study things like physics, chemistry, and materials science to figure out how to make these devices work. Isn't it amazing that we can carry around a tiny computer in our pockets and use it to talk to people on the other side of the world?But science doesn't just give us fun toys to play with. It also helps keep us healthy and safe. Have you ever wondered how medicines work? Well, scientists study the human body and diseases to create drugs that can fight off illnesses. And when you go to the doctor for a check-up, they use scientific tools likeX-rays and MRI machines to look inside your body and make sure everything is okay.Science is also responsible for many of the tasty foods we eat. Farmers and food scientists have to understand things like biology, genetics, and chemistry to grow better crops and create new food products. That's how we get to enjoy delicious treats like chocolate, ice cream, and your favorite snacks!Another way science impacts our lives is through the study of the environment. Scientists like meteorologists help us understand and predict the weather, so we know when to expect rain, snow, or sunshine. Other scientists called climatologists study how our planet's climate is changing over time and what we can do to protect the environment.But science isn't just about the stuff we use or the food we eat – it's also about exploring the amazing world around us. Astronomers use powerful telescopes to study the stars, planets, and galaxies in outer space. Marine biologists dive deep into the oceans to discover new kinds of fish and other sea creatures. And paleontologists dig up fossils to learn about the dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals that roamed the Earth millions of years ago.Maybe you're thinking, "Okay, Emma, I get it. Science is pretty cool. But how can I get involved?" Well, there are lots of ways! You can start by asking questions about the world around you and trying to find the answers. Conduct simple experiments at home, like growing plants from seeds or mixing together different ingredients to see what happens. And pay attention in your science classes at school – your teachers are there to help you learn and understand scientific concepts.Who knows, maybe one day you'll grow up to be a scientist yourself! You could become a doctor and help find cures for diseases, or an engineer who designs new and amazing technologies. You could even be an astronaut and travel to outer space! The possibilities are endless when you have a curious mind and a love for science.So, the next time you're playing with your favorite toy, eating a delicious snack, or just enjoying a sunny day outside, remember that science is all around you, making our lives better in countless ways. Science rocks!。

基于World Wind的民航导航数据库设计及实现沈笑云;孟健;焦卫东;张思远【摘要】Navigation database is necessary data sources for flight management computer which can be used for navigation calculation, auto-tuning management of the navigation station, and the real-time location of aircraft, etc. To develop high-fidelity flight simulation visual system, a navigation database based on World Wind is designed and implemented. This database includes the information about airports, runways, instrument landing system, and distance measuring system, etc. So the global navigation data can be queried, modified and displayed , also the flight plan can be controlled and displayed. Finally all information will be displayed in World Wind by three-dimension. Digital elevation data and high-definition remote sensing images acting as visual model, a flight simulation visual system based on the database is completed by the WW platform combined with a flight simulation plug-in.%导航数据库可用于导航计算、导航台自动调谐管理和辅助完成飞机实时定位等,是飞行管理计算机所必须的数据源.为了开发高逼真度的飞行模拟视景系统,设计了一种基于World Wind的导航数据库并进行实现.数据库包括机场、跑道、仪表着陆系统、测距仪系统等信息,可实现全球导航数据的查询、修改与显示以及飞行计划的控制与显示,并最终在World Wind中实现所有信息的三维显示.以数字高程数据及高清遥感影像为视景模型,结合飞行模拟插件,并借助于World Wind平台,完成了一套以该数据库为基础的飞行模拟视景系统.【期刊名称】《中国民航大学学报》【年(卷),期】2013(031)001【总页数】5页(P46-50)【关键词】导航数据库;飞行管理计算机;World Wind;飞行模拟视景系统【作者】沈笑云;孟健;焦卫东;张思远【作者单位】中国民航大学智能信号和图像处理天津市重点实验室,天津300300;中国民航大学智能信号和图像处理天津市重点实验室,天津300300;中国民航大学智能信号和图像处理天津市重点实验室,天津300300;中国民航大学智能信号和图像处理天津市重点实验室,天津300300【正文语种】中文【中图分类】V249导航数据库数据是由文字和航图转变成飞行管理计算机所能认读的磁盘或磁带资料，需要一定的编码规范即ARINC424规范[1]。

nssdc建立的主题分类体系NSSDC（National Space Science Data Center）是美国国家航空航天局（NASA）建立的一个数据中心，致力于收集、存储和分发与太空科学和地球科学相关的数据和信息。

为了更好地组织和管理这些数据，NSSDC建立了主题分类体系，用于对数据进行分类和标注。

本文将以NSSDC建立的主题分类体系为标题，分别介绍其中的不同主题分类。

一、太阳物理学太阳物理学是研究太阳以及与之相关的太阳风、太阳黑子、日冕物质抛射等现象的学科。

在NSSDC的主题分类体系中，太阳物理学是一个重要的分类。

太阳物理学的研究对象包括太阳内部的物理过程、太阳大气层的结构和演化，以及太阳活动的周期性变化等。

太阳物理学的研究不仅对了解太阳的本质和行为具有重要意义，而且对理解地球的环境和天气也具有重要影响。

二、行星科学行星科学是研究行星系统中行星的形成、演化和性质的学科。

行星科学在NSSDC的主题分类体系中也是一个重要的分类。

行星科学的研究对象包括太阳系内的行星、卫星、小行星、彗星等天体。

通过对行星的观测和研究，科学家们可以了解它们的物理特性、化学组成、表面地貌以及大气环境等。

这些研究对于理解太阳系的形成和演化、了解地球以外的行星系统以及寻找可能的宜居行星等方面具有重要意义。

三、恒星与星系科学恒星与星系科学是研究恒星、星系以及宇宙演化的学科。

在NSSDC 的主题分类体系中，恒星与星系科学也是一个重要的分类。

恒星与星系科学的研究内容包括恒星的起源和演化、星系的形成和结构、宇宙的大尺度结构以及宇宙背景辐射等。

通过对恒星和星系的观测和研究，科学家们可以了解宇宙的结构和演化，揭示宇宙的起源和发展规律，以及探索宇宙中的黑暗物质和黑暗能量等未解之谜。

四、地球科学地球科学是研究地球的内部结构、地壳运动、地球表面特征以及与之相关的气候、气象、地质、生态等现象的学科。

在NSSDC的主题分类体系中，地球科学也是一个重要的分类。

WorldWind系列十五：如何切割影像和DEM数据及其在WW中的应用配置来源：博客园作者：无痕客WorldWind学习系列十四中我从代码上分析如何加载DEM数据，里面涉及了算法，有学习和借鉴意义。

但对于只求应用或者说是急于求成的网友来说，实用价值不是太大！我们分析代码是一种学习过程，不是目的，终究要落在如何应用自己的影像和DEM数据、如何基于自己的数据开发满足自己项目需求的新的WW插件。

这是一过程，需要循序渐进，今天只跟大家分享一下如何切割自己的影像或DEM，及如何设置相应的XML配置。

我的学习和实践，主要是参考/wiki/Dstile_howto，对于英语较好的网友，建议阅读原文，反正我英语不太好，结合实践，我差不多看了五六遍原文。

我下面是翻译部分内容及自己的实践步骤和心得(将采用红色字部分)。

这是一篇教你如何一步步将你自己的具有地理参考系的影像数据添加到WorldWind中的文档。

该帮助文档将告诉你如何将影像数据切割成瓦片，及怎样在WW中利用这些瓦片数据创建图层。

至此，你可以将该图层作为一个Add-on插件来发布。

这个图层可以完全放在你的电脑上。

如果你想将瓦片数据作为发布服务提供给他人，该文档可能对你帮助不大。

WW的瓦片系统的组织如下图：阅读下面的内容前，请确保你已经理解上图中WW瓦片的工作原理和XML的配置原理。

（注：上图是WW的精华）下面我将带你创建一个图层实例，里面的数据可以换做你自己的。

（注：第一次实践的话，建议你使用同样的数据同样的步骤，将整个过程走一遍）必备软件工具：FWTools:这是一个操作具有地理参考系影像的免费的工具包，是开源工具。

dstile切图工具需要使用FWTools,最新版本V2.4.6。

下载地址：/安装FWTools时，你可以选择不安装开发文件，这样可以节省一些安装空间。

dstile工具与2.X版本兼容，与1.X版FWTools不兼容。

Dstile：使用版本是2007年8月13日，下载地址：:8080/tisham/dstile-0.2_win32_whatnickpatches.zip这个程序按照Making Layers文章的处理过程。

如何从NASA 数据库中获取世界任何地方的太阳辐射和气候数据（降水、温度、风、日照...）？只需3 步即可从NASA 免费获取全球气候数据？本教程帮助你通过POWER DATA ACCESS VIEWER 在线免费工具从NASA 数据库获取免费的气象数据集。

特别是你将学习如何获取水平和倾斜表面上的辐射值。

获取世界任何地方倾斜或水平表面上的辐射值：步骤1：首先，你必须连接到特定位置的NASA 地表气象和太阳能数据库：电力数据访问查看器：NASA 太阳辐射和气象数据选择“电力单点太阳能访问”以获取特定点的数据在地图上。

步骤2：保留默认的“SSE-可再生能源”选择。

选择时间平均值：- 每日- 跨年（获取所选年份的月平均辐射）- 气候学（获取22 年期间月度和年度数据的平均值）如果你想要倾斜太阳能电池板的数据隔离，请选择“气候学”。

使用“点”按钮，在地图上选择一个位置。

（以伦敦为例）。

选择输出文件格式（Excel 工作表为CSV）。

选择你想要获取每日或每月值的气象参数。

要获得倾斜太阳能电池板上的辐照度，请选择：倾斜太阳能电池板/面向赤道的倾斜表面的太阳辐照度。

然后单击提交按钮。

第3 步：结果你将获得可使用Excel 打开的CSV 文件的链接。

你可以在此处获取文件示例：来自NASA Power Data Access Viewer 应用程序的气象文件示例在此文件中，你可以获取kwh/day.m² 中以下参数的月平均和年平均辐照度值：SI_EF_TILTED_SURFACE_0：水平表面上的辐照度SI_EF_TILTED_SURFACE_36：坡度为36° 的倾斜太阳能电池板上的辐照度SI_EF_TILTED_SURFACE_51：坡度为51° 的倾斜太阳能电池板上的辐照度SI_EF_TILTED_SURFACE_66：坡度为66° 的倾斜太阳能电池板上的辐照度SI_EF_TILTED _SURFACE_90 ：垂直坡度为90 的倾斜太阳能电池板上的辐照度°SI_EF_OPTIMAL：倾斜太阳能电池板上的辐照度，具有最大年产量的最佳角度SI_EF_OPTIMAL_ANG：根据月份的最佳角度SI_EF_TILTED_ANG_ORT：太阳能电池板的方向（根据太阳能电池板的赤道位置）要获得年辐射总和，你必须采用年平均值（千瓦时/平方米/天）乘以365（天）。