ofCompetitiveMarkets(微观经济学-华侨大学,Jeff

Chapter 2: The Basics of Supply and Demand
Slide 8
Supply and Demand
Price ($ per unit)
Vertical axis measures price (P) received per unit in dollars
The Supply Curve Graphically
This price-quantity relationship can be shown by the equation:

QD QD(P)
Chapter 2: The Basics of Supply and Demand Slide 14
Supply and Demand
Price ($ per unit)
Mechanism:
Tendency in a free market for price to change until the market clears
Chapter 2: The Basics of Supply and Demand
Slide 20
The Market Mechanism
Slide 7
Chapter 2: The Basics of Supply and Demand
Supply and Demand

The Supply Curve
This
price-quantity relationship can be shown by the equation:
Qs QS ( P )
Slide 2
Chapter 2: The Basics of Supply and Demand

华侨大学2018年博士研究生入学考试专业课试卷
（答案必须写在答题纸上）
招生专业企业管理科目名称微观经济学科目代码3088
一、论述题（共计90分，每题18分）
1、试用边际收益递减规律，预测并Hale Waihona Puke 明我国未来劳动力产业间转移的趋势。
2、论述需求规律的含义，分析需求规律在我国房地产市场的运用。
3、外部影响是如何导致市场失灵的？政府应采取那些措施矫正市场失灵？
4、当商品的需求价格弹性Ed=1, Ed >1 ,Ed <1时，价格变动对生产者的收益有何影响，试举例说明。
5、试论述凯恩斯主义。
二、计算题（共计10分）
1 完全垄断企业成本函数为C=10Q2+400Q+3000，产品的需求函数为Q=200- P，求企业
盈利最大化时的产量、价格和利润？
共1页第1页

MC
D
MR
Q Chapter 11 Quantity Slide 16
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
$/Q
P1 P0
Without discrimination: P = P0 and Q = Q0. With second-degree discrimination there are three prices P1, P2, and P3. (e.g. electric utilities) Second-degree price discrimination is pricing according to quantity consumed--or in blocks.
P2
AC
P3
MC
D MR
Q1 Q0 Q2 Q3
Quantity
1st Block
2nd Block 3rd Block
Price Discrimination

Third Degree Price Discrimination
1) Divides the market into two-groups. 2) Each group has its own demand function.
Pmax P1 P* P2 PC
A
B MC
D MR
Q* Chapter 11 Quantity Slide 7
Capturing Consumer Surplus
$/Q Pmax P1 P* P2 PC MC A
Question How can the firm capture the consumer surplus in A and sell profitably in B?

To determine the welfare effect of a governmental policy we can measure the gain or loss in consumer and producer surplus.
Welfare Effects
Gains and losses caused by government intervention in the market.
Chapter 1
Slide 3
Evaluating the Gains and Losses from Government Policies--Consumer and Producer Surplus
Review
Consumer surplus is the total benefit or value that consumers receive beyond what they pay for the good.
suffers a net loss from
price controls.
S
B
P0
Pmax
A
C
Example Oil price controls and gasoline shortages
in 1979
Chapter 1
Q1
Q2
Quantity Slide 10
Price Controls and Natural Gas Shortages
The Efficiency of a Competitive Market Minimum Prices
Chapter 1
Slide 2
Topics to be Discussed