英语现在完成时(完整)

（完整版）现在完成时讲解及练习Unit 9:现在完成时讲解一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)二．句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定)No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)三．用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿) My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）③since+时段+ago④since+从句（过去时）●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.四．has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /sin ce two months ago.五．现在完成时的标志1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:* 以already, just和yet为标志He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。

现在完成时讲解一、基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）二、用法1）现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。

(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。

)I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)2）现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。

这里的动词要用持续性动词。

常与for （+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用.Mary has been ill for three days.Mary has been ill since three days ago.注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for, since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, latel y等:He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如ever, never, twice, several times等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman several times.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等:Peter has written six papers so far.Up to the present everything has been successful.5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.6. have been to 和have gone to的区别have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。

（完整版）现在完成时讲解（含讲解及习题）（可编辑修改word版）现在完成时讲解一、构成:肯定式：主语+ 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词.疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词?否定式: 主语+ 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词.过去分词规则变化：a)一般情况下，直接加ed, （work---worked，water---watered, finish---finished 等;）b)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词, 把y 变成i 再加ed, （carry-- -carried study---studied 等;）c)以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词，要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。

（stop---stopped，shop---shopped）d)以不发音的e 结尾的动词，只加d（过去分词不规则变化表：二、用法：用法一：表示过去（已经、曾经或从未）发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

标志词：①already, ②never, ③ever, ④just, ⑤yet, ⑥before,⑦once/twice/数字+ times例：I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的，不需要打扫了)They have left. --他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里I have never had a car (我从未有过汽车。

)I have been there twice.a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。

He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。

Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。

现在完成时讲解一、基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）二、用法1）现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。

(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。

)I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)2）现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。

这里的动词要用持续性动词。

常与for （+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用.Mary has been ill for three days.Mary has been ill since three days ago.注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for, since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, latel y等:He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如ever, never, twice, several times等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman several times.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等:Peter has written six papers so far.Up to the present everything has been successful.5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.6. have been to 和have gone to的区别have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。

英语现在完成时一．基本结构have（has) + been + done(动词的现在分词）否定句式 have(has） + not + been + done(动词的现在分词)疑问句式have（has)放在句首二．用法1.过去发生的动作对现在有影响I have seen the film ,so I know what the story says.2.过去发生的动作持续到现在(还有可能继续发生)The film has been on for 5 minutes。

三．延续性动词1.现在完成时中应使用延续性动词2.非延续性动词：动作开始既（即）结束3.非延续性动词过渡到延续性动词常见：四．标志1.already ,yet， never ,ever ,just ，before ,once/twice/数字+times(1)already, yetalready：用于肯定句，疑问句中，表示“已经”或表示强调He has already left here。

Has he already left here.yet:用于否定句中，疑问句中,表示“还没”或“已经"My teacher hasn’t had breakfast yet。

Have you written to your parents yet?(2)never ，evernever：从来没有ever:曾经We have never been to the Great wall .Have you ever been to Canada?(3)just刚才I am just had breakfast.2.all the time总是， during the last years在过去的几年里recently最近地=lately， by the end of (this month ,next year) in the past few years/month 在过去的……间up to now直到现在3.for+段时间，since+点时间I have been here for 5 years.I have been here since 2000.I have been here since 5 years ago. since+段时间+agoI have been here since I graduated in 2000 。

英语时态：现在完成时现在完成时（The Present Perfect Tense）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，可能持续发生下去。

常与一些时间状语，如：already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice(次数)等连用，也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语，如these days, today, recently, this year, so far(=by now)等连用.Ⅰ. 句法结构：1.陈述句：助动词have + done(过去分词)A. 肯定形式：主语+have/has +done+其他B. 否定形式：主语+have/has not+done+其他注：助动词have和has不构成实际含义，仅配合主语进行人称和数的变化；而行为（实义）动词统一以done形式存在在结构中，没有进行人称和数变化。

2.疑问句：A. 一般疑问句：助动词提前即可Have/Has+主语+done+其他B.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（同上）3.被动语态：主语+ have/has + been +done +其他【被动结构be done，时体现在助动词】➢两态变化例句参考下表：Ⅰ. 主要用法：1.表示到说话人说话时已经完成的动作，却对现在仍有影响或结果。

He has lost his book.2.表示事情开始与过去，却一直持续到现在还在进行的事情。

He has taught in our school for 30 years.3.表示从过去某个时间直到现在的这个时间范围内不断重复发生的动作或情况，并且这个不断重复的动作有可能继续下去，也有可能到现在就结束。

My father has always gone to work by bike.4.同一般现在时可以表示将来一样，现在完成时也可以在时间状语从句里表示将来。

I’ll wait until he has written his letter.Ⅰ. 常用于现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, already, yet, ever, never, recently, just, before, so far, by now等1.for+段时间；since+（过去的某一个）点时间I have lived in Nanning for ten years.I have lived in Nanning since ten years ago.2.already用于肯定句, 可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末。

一．1）现在完成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。

说话人强调该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。

I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。

2）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。

如：I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。

3）have been to 和have gone to的区别二．英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。

1. 持续性动词: 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。

常见的study, play, do, read, learn, speak, talk, , sit, stand, keep等。

2. 瞬间性动词: 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。

亦称终止性动词。

常见的--begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die,等3. 瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常用意思相当的持续性动词来替换He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. （他参军已有3年了。

）不用has joinedShe has been up for quite some time. （她起床已有好久了。

）不用has got upHas your brother been away from home for a long time? （离家已有好久了吗？）不用has left常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：1、go—be away2、come—be here3、come back—be back4、leave—be away（be not here）5、buy—have6、borrow—keep7、die——be dead8、begin——be on9、finish—be over 10、open——be open 11、close——be closed 12、lose——be lost 13、get to know—know 14、turn on—be on 15、get up——beup 16、sit down—sit/beseated 17、join—be in（…）或be a…member 18、become—be4. 瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用例如：I haven’t seen you for a long time.（好久没见到你了。

现在完成时精讲精练现在完成时的结构：肯定形式：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done一般疑问句形式：have或has放于句首。

现在完成时表达的意义：一. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

eg. (1). The car has arrived. 车子来了。

（结果：车子已在门口）(2). Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。

（结果：窗户仍破着）现在完成时通常和recently（近来）, ever, never, twice, so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in the past/last few years（在过去几年里）, already（已经）, yet（仍然）, just (刚刚), before等词连用。

说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。

yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。

例如：I have already finished my homework.I haven’t finished my homework yet.Have you finished your homework yet?注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等，它们的完成时不能与for，since 等表示一段时间的词连用。

二、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用, 如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。

e.g. (1). My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.(2). Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002.(3). How long have you been here?注意：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）。