(NEW)科特勒《营销管理》(第11版)课后习题详解

营销管理习题集菲利普·科特勒市场营销教研组第一章理解21世纪的营销一、选择题（）1.市场营销的核心是。

A．生产 B．分配 C．交换 D．促销（）2.从市场营销的角度看，市场就是_______A．买卖的场所 B．商品交换关系的总和 C. 交换过程本身 D．具有购买欲望和支付能力的消费者（）3.在交换双方中，如果一方比另一方更主动、更积极地寻求交换，我们就将前者称之为_______，后者称为潜在顾客．A．厂商 B．市场营销者 C．推销者 D．顾客（）4．市场营销学作为一门独立的经营管理学科诞生于20世纪初的。

A．欧洲 B．日本 C．美国 D．中国（）5.从营销理论的角度而言，企业市场营销的最终目标是。

A．满足消费者的需求和欲望 B．获取利润 C．求得生存和发展 D．把商品推销给消费者（）6.当买卖双方都表现积极时，我们就把双方都称为_______，并将这种情况称为相互市场营销。

A．市场营销者 B．相互市场营销者 C．生产者 D．推销者（）7.按照菲利普•科特勒教授的定义，我们可将市场营销的概念归纳为以下要点A．市场营销的最终目标是满足需求和欲望 B．交换是市场营销的核心C．交换过程是一个满足双方需求和欲望的社会过程和管理过程D．整体营销是实现交换的主要手段E．交换过程能否顺利进行取决于企业对交换过程的管理水平和产品满足顾客需求的程度（）8.交换的发生，必须具备以下条件。

A．至少有交换双方 B．每一方都有对方需要的有价值的东西C．每一方都有沟通和运送货品的能力 D．每一方都可以自由地接受或拒绝E．每一方都认为与对方交易是合适或称心的（）9.执行推销观念的企业，称为推销导向企业．其口号是_____A．我们生产什么就卖什么 B．我们卖什么就让人们买什么C．市场需要什么就生产什么 D．好酒不怕巷子深（）10.以“顾客需要什么，我们就生产供应什么”作为其座右铭的企业属于_____ 企业．A．生产导向型 B．推销导向型 C．市场营销导向型D．社会市场营销导向型（）11．某种具有良好市场前景的产品，因生产成本很高，必须通过提高生产率和降低成本来扩大市场时，则会导致企业奉行_____ 。

营销管理复习题参考答案（终极）营销管理复习题参考答案-（终极）《营销管理》复习范围与参考答案1、什么就是市场？什么就是市场营销？市场：1、市场是商品交换的场所；2、市场是供求关系的总和；3、市场是指一种产品的销路；4、市场是三个要素的综合体现，或者说是三个变量的函数；market=f(x,y,z)其中：x――消费者（人口）y――购买力（收入）z――出售意向（消费性欲与习惯）5、市场就是指顾客（这就是改得最少的一种定义）市场营销(marketing)――市场营销是为了满足人类的需要和欲望而实现潜在交换的活动。

――市场营销就是企业紧紧围绕市场所积极开展的一切活动，其目的就是将有价值的东西与顾客市场需求展开互换，从而缔造销售产品的机会。

2、市场学研究对象是什么？市场营销学的研究对象主要就是企业的营销活动及其规律性，主要研究银行本票的产品或服务如何迁移至消费者和用户手中的全过程。

深入探讨在生产领域、流通领域和消费领域内运用一整套研发原理、方法、策略，不断开拓市场的全部营销活动以及适当的科学管理。

3、市场营销有哪些核心概念？市场营销核心概念：须要、性欲、市场需求、产品、价值、互换、交易菲利普?科特勒对市场营销的定义：个人和群体通过创造并同他人交换产品和价值，以满足需要和欲望的一种社会和管理过程。

由此定义求出的核心概念存有：需要、欲望和需求产品效用、费用和满足用户互换、交易和关系市场市场营销和市场营销者4、营销观念经过了哪几个阶段的转型？第1页共10页《营销管理》备考范围与参考答案1、生产导向观念（1920年以前）2、产品导向观念（1920-1933）3、推销导向观念（1934-1950）4、市场导向观念（1951-1970）5、社会市场导向观念（1971-现在）5、掌控某些营销技术创新的概念。

创新营销是就某时某地情况而进行的营销要素的排列的最佳组合，它是根据营销环境的变化情况，并结合企业自身的资源条件和经营实力，寻求营销要素在某一方面或某一系列的突破或变革的过程。

运营管理第11版课后习题1. 知识理解题1.1 运营管理的定义是什么？运营管理是一种管理学科，涉及组织和管理企业运营过程的活动。

它包括制定运营战略、规划和实施生产和运输活动、质量控制、供应链管理和客户服务等方面的任务。

1.2 运营管理的目标是什么？运营管理的目标是通过有效和高效地管理资源和活动，实现企业的战略目标。

它涉及到优化生产过程、提高产品质量、控制成本、提高客户满意度，并确保供应链的流畅运作。

1.3 运营管理的基本原则有哪些？运营管理的基本原则包括以下几点：•持续改进：通过不断优化和改进运营过程，实现效率和质量的提高。

•客户导向：将客户需求置于首位，以满足客户的期望和要求为目标。

•全员参与：运营管理需要全员参与，每个员工都应对运营过程负责。

•与供应链合作：与供应链合作伙伴建立紧密的合作关系，优化运营过程。

•及时决策：及时获取并分析运营数据，做出迅速决策。

2. 计算题2.1 一个工厂生产了1000个产品，总成本为10,000元，销售额为20,000元。

计算每个产品的盈利。

盈利 = 销售额 - 总成本每个产品的盈利 = 盈利 / 产品数量总成本 = 10,000元销售额 = 20,000元产品数量 = 1000个盈利 = 20,000 - 10,000 = 10,000元每个产品的盈利 = 10,000 / 1000 = 10元所以，每个产品的盈利为10元。

2.2 一个供应商每个月向一个超市供应3000箱饮料，每箱饮料的成本是30元。

每箱饮料的销售价是40元。

计算这个供应商每个月的总成本和总销售额。

总成本 = 单箱成本 * 供应箱数总销售额 = 单箱销售价 * 供应箱数单箱成本 = 30元供应箱数 = 3000箱单箱销售价 = 40元总成本 = 30 * 3000 = 90,000元总销售额 = 40 * 3000 = 120,000元所以，这个供应商每个月的总成本为90,000元，总销售额为120,000元。

科特勒市场营销第十一章习题与答案Chapter 11 Pricing Strategies1) Companies facing the challenge of setting prices for the first time can choose between two broad strategies: market-penetration pricing and ________.A) market-level pricingB) market-competitive pricingC) market-skimming pricingD) market-price liningE) market-price fillingAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 312Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-12) Of the following, which statement would NOT support a market-skimming policy for a new productA) The product's quality and image support its higher price.B) Enough buyers want the products at that price.C) Competitors are not able to undercut the high price.D) Competitors can enter the market easily.E) C and DAnswer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 312Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-13) A firm is using ________ when it charges a high, premium price for a new productwith the intention of reducing the price in the future.A) price skimmingB) trial pricingC) value pricingD) market-penetration pricingE) prestige pricingAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 312Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-14) A marketer must be familiar with the five major product mix pricing situations. Which of the following is NOT one of themA) product line pricingB) optional-product pricingC) captive-product pricingD) unbundled product pricingE) by-product pricingAnswer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 313Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-25) A challenge for management in product line pricing is to decide on the price steps between the ________.A) various products in a lineB) product mixesC) product groupingsD) product linesE) various target marketsAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 313Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-26) HiPoint Telephone Company uses two-part pricing for its long-distance call charges. Because this is a service, the price is broken into a fixed rate plus a ________.A) fixed rate usageB) variable usage rateC) standard usage rateD) market usage rateE) none of the aboveAnswer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 315Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-27) Which of the following is NOT a price adjustment strategyA) segmented pricingB) promotional pricingC) free samplesD) geographical pricingE) seasonal pricingAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 315Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-38) Service Industries, Inc., plans to offer a price-adjustment strategy in the near future. They could consider each of the following EXCEPT ________.A) discount and allowance pricingB) segmented pricingC) physiological pricingD) promotional pricingE) location pricingAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 315Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-39) A quantity discount is a price reduction to buyers who purchase ________.A) frequentlyB) large volumesC) close outsD) inferior merchandiseE) superior merchandiseAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 316Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-310) Quantity discounts provide an incentive to the customer to buy ________.A) more products or services from a variety of sellersB) less from another competitorC) more from one given seller, rather than from many different sourcesD) more than he or she needsE) bundled merchandiseAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 316Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-311) Which of the following conditions should exist for segmented pricing to be an effective strategyA) The market must be able to be segmented.B) The segments must show different degrees of demand.C) Competitors can't undersell in the segment being charged the higher price.D) All of the above.E) None of the above.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 317Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-312) Consumers usually perceive higher-priced products as ________.A) not within reach of most peopleB) having a higher qualityC) having high profit marginsD) popular brandsE) being in the introductory stage of the product life cycleAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 317Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-313) Michael and John both own leather jackets and are currently shopping for two new ones. They both have prices in mind and refer to them when shopping. These prices are termed ________.A) psychological pricesB) reference pricesC) comparison pricesD) price pointsE) skimmed pricesAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 319Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-314) All of the following are typical ways a reference price might be formed in abuyer's mind EXCEPT ________.A) noting current pricesB) remembering past pricesC) assessing the buying situationD) comparing it to a new productE) influences from sellersAnswer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 319Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-315) What type of pricing is being used when a company temporarily prices it product below the list price or even below cost to create buying excitement and urgencyA) segmented pricingB) psychological pricingC) referent pricingD) promotional pricingE) dynamic pricingAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 320Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-316) Promotional pricing can have all of the following adverse effects EXCEPT ________.A) creating deal-prone customersB) eroding the brand's value in the eyes of customersC) giving pricing secrets away to competitorsD) becoming addicting to both the customer and businessE) instigating industry price warsAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 320Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-317) Durango China Company charges all customers within a given geographical areaa single total price. The more distant the area, the higher the price. This is ________.A) freight-absorption pricingB) zone pricingC) uniform-delivered pricingD) FOB-origin pricingE) bulk rate pricingAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 321Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-318) Which of the following is the opposite of FOB-origin pricingA) basing-point pricingB) freight-absorption pricingC) uniform-delivered pricingD) freight-absorption pricingE) zone pricingAnswer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 321Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-319) Freight-absorption pricing is used for ________ and ________.A) market penetration; higher profit marginsB) holding on to increasingly competitive markets; higher profit marginsC) market penetration; holding on to increasingly competitive marketsD) generating temporary higher profits; discouraging competitorsE) services; installationsAnswer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 321Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-320) When a company charges the same rate to ship a product anywhere in the United States, it is using which form of geographic pricingA) deliveredB) factoryC) originD) uniform deliveredE) basing-pointAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 321Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-321) When pricing internationally, most companies adjust their prices to reflect ________.A) local market conditionsB) cost considerationsC) local laws and regulationsD) exchange-rate fluctuationsE) all of the aboveAnswer: EDiff: 2 Page Ref: 323AACSB: Multicultural and DiversitySkill: ConceptObjective: 11-322) Most companies that conduct international business ________ to ________.A) adjust their prices; take local market conditions into considerationB) use promotional pricing; create excitement in new marketsC) use geographical pricing; reduce delivery costsD) set a uniform price; maintain a consistent product imageE) initiate price cuts; compensate for import tariffs and taxesAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 323AACSB: Multicultural and DiversitySkill: ConceptObjective: 11-323) When a competitor cuts its price, a company is most likely to decide to ________ if it believes it will not lose much market share or would lose too much profit by cutting its own price.A) reduce its production costsB) reduce its marketing costsC) maintain its current prices and profit marginD) increase its marketing budget to raise the perceived value of the productE) increase its production costs to improve the quality of the product Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 326Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-424) When faced with a competitor who has cut its product's price, which of the following is typically the most efficient way for a company to maintain its own price but raise the perceived value of its offerA) improving the quality of the productB) introducing a higher-priced premium brandC) altering the company's marketing communicationsD) bundling the offer with add-onsE) distributing the product through less costly channelsAnswer: CSkill: ConceptObjective: 11-425) The Sherman, Clayton, and Robinson-Patman Acts are all federal laws that were enacted to curb the formation of ________.A) monopoliesB) oligopoliesC) competitive marketsD) international marketsE) limited partnershipsAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 327AACSB: Ethical ReasoningSkill: ConceptObjective: 11-426) When sellers set prices after talking to competitors and engaging in collusion, they are involved in ________.A) predatory pricingB) discriminatory pricingC) price-fixingD) skimming pricingE) penetration pricingAnswer: CAACSB: Ethical ReasoningSkill: ConceptObjective: 11-427) Price discrimination is legal under which of the following conditionsA) when a manufacturer and reseller have agreed upon a specified retail price for a productB) when a manufacturer sells to retailers in different marketsC) when a seller can prove its costs are different when selling to different retailersD) when a seller advertises prices that are not actually available to consumersE) when a seller has not communicated with competitors before announcing prices Answer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 330AACSB: Ethical ReasoningSkill: ConceptObjective: 11-428) Mark's Markers, a manufacturer of color markers, has required its dealers to charge a specified retail price for its markers. Mark's is most likely guilty of ________.A) price-fixingB) retail price maintenanceC) price discriminationD) price collusionE) unfair price skimmingAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 330AACSB: Ethical ReasoningSkill: ConceptObjective: 11-429) Pricing strategies tend to change and evolve as the average product passes through its life cycle.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 312Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-130) When using product bundle pricing, sellers combine several of their products and offer the bundle at an increased price for increased profit.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 315Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-232) A seasonal discount is a price reduction to buyers who buy merchandise or services while they are in season.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 316Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-333) Segmented pricing is known by other names; two of themost common are revenue management and yield management.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 317Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-334) The frequent use of promotional pricing can lead to industry price wars. Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 320Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-335) The FOB-origin pricing strategy means that the goods sold are placed free on board a carrier. At that point the title and responsibility pass to the customer, who pays the freight from the factory to the destination.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 321Skill: ConceptObjective: 11-336) When Redman's Variety raised their store prices 40 percent and then ran a 20 percent off sale, Redman's was guilty of deceptive pricing.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 330AACSB: Ethical ReasoningSkill: ApplicationObjective: 11-437) Companies bringing out a new product can choose between two pricing strategies. What are they And please try to distinguish between the two (List the requirements for using these strategies).Answer: Market skimming is used to skim revenues layer by layer from the market by entering the market with high initial prices. The product's quality and image must support its higher price, and enough buyers must want the product at that price. The costs of producing a smaller volume cannot be so high that they cancel the advantage of charging more. Competitors should not be able to enter the market easily and undercut the high price. Market penetration is used to penetrate the market quickly and deeply to attract a large number of buyers quickly and win a large market share by setting a low price initially when it enters the market. The market must be highly price sensitive so that a low price produces more market growth. Production and distribution costs must fall as sales volume increases. Also, the low price must help keep out competition and be maintained over time.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 312-313AACSB: Analytic SkillsSkill: ApplicationObjective: 11-1。

第16章人员销售和销售促进16.1复习笔记一、人员销售1．人员销售的性质人员销售（personal selling）是指营销人员直接面对面地与顾客沟通，向顾客销售产品并与顾客建立关系。

销售人员（salesperson）包括许多不同的职务。

从一个极端来讲，销售人员可能主要是订单接受者；从另一个极端来讲，销售人员是订单获取者，他们实现产品和服务的销售并建立关系，范围从家居用品、工业设备和飞机到保险和信息技术服务。

2．销售人员的作用人员销售是促销组合中通过人际互动进行促销的方式。

销售人员的作用有：（1）连接公司和顾客销售人员在公司和顾客之间起到关键的纽带作用。

①销售人员代表公司与顾客接触，发现并发展新的顾客，将公司的产品和服务信息告诉顾客。

他们通过接近顾客、介绍产品、回答反对意见、谈判价格和条件以及最后成交，来出售产品。

此外，销售人员提供顾客服务，进行市场调查和情报工作。

②销售人员代表顾客与公司打交道，在公司内部扮演着消费者利益的维护者，管理买方—卖方关系。

销售人员将顾客对公司产品和行动的看法转达给相关人员。

他们了解顾客需求，与公司内的其他营销或非营销人员一起努力，提高顾客价值。

（2）协调营销和销售营销和销售职能间的分裂会损害顾客关系和公司业绩。

公司可以采取多种措施来帮助营销与销售职能更密切的合作。

①公司可以通过安排联合会议和明确双方应该何时以及和谁沟通，来增加两者间的沟通。

公司也可以为双方安排共同的任务。

②公司可以为销售和营销职能建立共同的目标和奖励制度，或者指定营销—销售联络人（marketing-sales liaisons），即来自营销部门，能与销售团队共同合作，并帮助协调营销和销售团队计划和行动的人。

③公司可以任命一位首席收益官（chief revenue officer）（或者首席顾客官）——一名更高层的营销经理，负责同时监督营销和销售工作，帮助促进营销和销售以创造顾客价值为共同目标来获取价值回报。

《营销管理》习题与答案（解答仅供参考）一、名词解释1. 营销管理：营销管理是指企业通过系统地分析、规划、执行和控制市场营销活动，以实现其目标市场的选择、产品定位、价格策略、渠道管理和促销策略等有效整合，从而满足客户需求并实现企业价值最大化的管理过程。

2. STP战略：STP战略是市场细分(Segmenting)、目标市场(Targeting)和市场定位(Positioning)三个词的首字母缩写，是企业在进行营销管理时首先需要实施的战略步骤，它要求企业将整体市场细分为具有相似需求的消费者群体，然后选定目标市场，并在目标市场中确定独特的市场位置。

3. 4Ps营销组合：4Ps营销组合是由产品(Product)、价格(Price)、地点(Place，也即分销或渠道)和促销(Promotion)四个基本元素组成的营销战术工具，用于制定和执行有效的市场营销策略。

4. 市场渗透策略：市场渗透策略是企业在现有市场上，通过提高现有产品的市场份额来增加销售量的一种营销策略，主要手段包括提高产品品质、优化服务、调整价格、加强促销等。

5. 客户关系管理（CRM）：客户关系管理是一种企业经营策略，旨在改善与客户之间关系，通过信息科学技术和大数据分析手段，对客户数据进行全面集成管理，从而达到提升客户满意度、增强客户忠诚度，最终实现企业收益最大化的目标。

二、填空题1. 营销管理的核心任务是______满足市场需求______，并通过此过程实现企业利润目标。

2. 在STP战略中，______市场细分______是根据消费者的特性、需求、行为等因素将整个市场划分为多个具有相似需求的消费者群体的过程。

3. 4Ps营销组合中的“______地点______”要素实际上涵盖了产品从生产者到消费者的流通路径和方式。

4. _____市场定位_____是企业在目标市场中为其产品或服务确立与众不同的形象，使其在消费者心中占据特定位置的过程。

目　录第1篇　认识营销管理第1章　定义21世纪的营销第2章　新经济中的适应营销第3章　建立顾客满意、价值和关系第2篇　分析营销机会第4章　通过市场导向的战略计划赢得市场第5章　收集信息和测量市场需求第6章　扫描营销环境第7章　分析消费者市场和购买行为第8章　分析企业市场与企业购买行为第9章　参与竞争第10章　辨认市场细分和选择目标市场第3篇　发展营销战略第11章　在产品生命周期中定位和差异化市场供应品第12章　开发新的市场供应品第13章　设计全球市场供应品第4篇　塑造市场供应品第14章　建立产品和品牌战略第15章　设计与管理服务第16章　开发定价战略与方案第5篇　管理和传送营销方案第17章　设计和管理价值网络及营销渠道第18章　管理零售、批发和市场物流第19章　管理整合营销传播第20章　管理广告、销售促进和直接营销第21章　管理销售力量第1篇　认识营销管理第1章　定义21世纪的营销一、营销辩论论点：“营销形成消费者的需要和欲望”对“营销仅仅是反映消费者的需要和欲望”。

答：需要是购买的第一个前提，描述了基本的人类要求，如食品、空气、水、服装、住所、娱乐、教育和文娱生活等；欲望是指人希望得到更深层次的需要的满足，是由需要派生出来的；需求是指针对特定产品的欲望，这种欲望必须满足两个条件：有支付能力并且愿意购买。

关于营销是创造需求还是满足需求，两种说法都有一定的合理性。

（1）营销形成消费者的需要和欲望。

这一论点着重强调了营销在刺激消费者购买方面的积极作用，营销能够影响消费者的需求和欲望，促成消费者的购买行为。

比如，创造营销就是指发现和解决顾客并没有提出要求、但他们会热情响应的问题，也就是公司比顾客走得更远一些。

例如，营销人员增强了消费者这样一个观念：一辆劳斯莱斯可以满足人们对社会地位的需要，于是有支付能力的人在这种增强了的欲望下产生购买。

从这一点出发，可以说营销活动对消费者的需求和欲望有直接的影响。

（2）营销仅仅是反映消费者的需求和欲望。