汉语句式3的英译
- 格式：docx
- 大小：23.96 KB
- 文档页数：10
汉语句式3的英译
汉语以此喻彼或以彼喻此的句式：
“甲像乙（一样）“；“甲如同乙（一样）；甲好像乙……（似的）”；“正如（正像）……一样（那样）……”；“正如/好像……”
英语对应句式：
第一式：本体（主语）+like+喻体（名词/名词性词组）
本体（主语）+as+喻体（名词/名词性词组/从句）
本体（主语）+be likened to+喻体（名词/名词性词）
例如：1、艰苦的工作就像担子，摆在我们面前，看我们敢不敢承担。
Hard work is like (or, can be likened to) a load placed before
us,
challenging us to shoulder it .
2、这种草药，正如当地老百姓对我说的那样，果然能治感冒。
This herbal medicine, as I was told by the local people, turned
out to be
very effective in curing a cold.
3、这就像一句老话讲的那样，“收人礼物，授人以柄”。
This is somewhat like what is implied in the old saying, “He
that takes is bound.”
第二式：It is in/with+本体+as+in/with+喻体
例如：1、时间就像流水一样，一去不复返。
It is with time as with the current of water: Once it goes, it
never comes back.
2、学如逆水行舟，不进则退。
It is in studying as in sailing against the current------forge
ahead or be driven back.
第三式：用词组连接词“as if / as thoug h…”造句；此式常出现如下的搭配： 1、as if / as though+that-clause
例如：
A.在我看来，你好像有什么心事。
It seems to me as if you’ve got something on your mind.
B.他从清晨一直工作到深夜，仿佛是台机器，不知道疲劳似的。
He works from very early in the morning until very late in the
night every
day as if he were a machine without any idea of fatigue.
C.不要总认为只有自己才行，别人什么都不行，好像世界上没有自己，
地球就不转了。
Don’t think you alone can do everything while others can
do nothing; as if
the earth would stop turning without you.
D.他走路的样子就好像喝醉了酒似的。
He walked as if he were drunk.
2、as if / as though+prep.phrase ，例如：
A.他坐在那里一声不吭，好像陷入了沉思。
He sat there silent as if deep in thinking.
B.梦里，他觉得自己一步就跃到了山顶，好像插上了翅膀似的。
In the dream he felt he reached the summit of the mountain
with only one jump as if on wings .
3、as if / as though+inf.phrase ，例如：
A.他把手举起来，好像要打我似的。
He raised his hand as if to beat me .
B.他今天把胡子刮得干干净净，换了一身新衣服，好像要去参加什么聚
会似的。
Clean shaven and in brand new dress today, he behaved as if
to join in a party. 4、as if / as though+v-ing/v-ed phrase ，例如：
A.那个小男孩突然放声大哭起来，好像被人打了似的。
The little boy burst out crying as if beaten by somebody.
B.把手握起来，但是不抓紧，样子像抓，还是抓不住东西。
When the hand is clenched as if grasping something, but it
is not clenched tightly, there is still no grasp.
5、as if / as though+adv. / n.. ，例如：
A.有过多少往事，仿佛就在昨天。
There’re so many things past as if yesterday.
B.有过多少朋友，仿佛就在身边。
There’re so many friends we’ve made as if still near and
about.
注：as if / as though 在现代英语的用法中已无区别，后面接直陈语气和虚拟语气均可。常与it seems or it looks 连用。此外，“好像……”在英语中还有对应的插入语“as it were ”、“so to speak ”可用来表达。例如：
A.听到这一消息，每个人都好像遭五雷轰顶。
Everyone was thunderstruck, so to speak, on hearing the
news.
B.一位真正的朋友就好像一面铮亮的镜子，能反映他的真诚。
A true friend is, as it were, a polished mirror which reflects
his sincerity.
第四式：用“… the wa y…”+从句这种句式造句，例如：
1、情况的发展正如我们所预料的那样。
Things developed just the way we had thought they would.
2、大气附着于地球表面就像万物附着于地球表面一样。
The atmosphere clings to the earth just the way everything
else does.
3、这个五岁的小男孩说起话来就跟大人似的。
The little boy of 5 speaks the way grown-ups do. 4、她的教龄还不到三年，可她上起课就跟个老教师一样。
She has taught less than 3 years but she conducts her class
the way the
teachers with so many years of classroom teaching
experience do.
第五式：用“…so/as…as…”或“…as much a s…”造句；例如：
1、他们喜爱儿子，也同样喜爱女儿。
They love their son as much as their daughter.
2、广大的人民群众从来也没有像现在这样精神振奋、斗志昂扬、意气风
发。
Never before have the masses of the people been so inspired,
so militant, so
daring as at present.
3、正像行星围绕太阳旋转一样，电子也围绕原子核旋转。
Electrons revolve round the nucleus of an atom just as the
planets revolve
round the sun.
此式的变体是“介词+the same …as …”或“suc h…a s…”请看下面的
示例：
1、他像他的导师一样小心翼翼地做这项试验。
He did the experiment with the same care as his supervisor
did (it).
2、磁场可采用和电场同样的办法表示出来。
A magnetic field may be represented as an electric field.
3、生活中像他这样的人越来越少。
Such men as he have become rarer in real life.
4、我们祝愿像他这样的好人一生平安。
We wish that auspiciousness be always with such nice people as he through
their journey of life.
第六式：用“喻体+of+本体”这种英语的修辞格造句；例如：
1、那平展如镜的湖面让人感到多么惬意啊。
What a pleasant effect that mirror of a lake has upon the
mind!
2、和她那位粗暴如虎的父亲还有什么可谈的呢？
There is no talking it over with her tiger of a father.
3、突然，我们被像打雷一般的吼声惊醒了。
All of a sudden, we were aroused by a thunder of a growl.
请注意揣摩下列词组：
the devil of a toothache ；牙疼得要命
a hell of a long way off ：远在天涯
a flight of fancy ：想入非非
a shadow of a smile ：一丝笑意
a mountain of a wave ：滔天巨浪
a palace of a house ：一幢宫殿式的房屋
a forest of white sails ：白帆林立
a sea of red flags ：红旗如海
an oyster of a man ：沉默寡言（的人）
a slip of a girl ：一个瘦削的女孩
that idiot of a friend of yours ：你那位像白痴一样的朋友
the old villain of a landlord ：那个老恶霸地主
a vast , somber cavern of a room ：一间阴森森、黑洞洞的大房间
第七式：可用“A is to B what C is to D”的结构来表达（或对应翻译）“甲和乙的关系（甲对乙的作用）就如同丙和丁的关系（丙对丁的作用）一样”、“甲之于乙，犹丙之于丁”这类框架；例如：
1、教育之于心灵，犹如园艺之于一片荒地。
Education is to a human soul what gardening is to a piece of
