人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit11语法指导与练习
- 格式：doc
- 大小：49.00 KB
- 文档页数：3
- 1 - 人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit11语法指导与练习
Unit 11 How was your school trip?
Unit 11语法指导与练习
语法指导
【教材原句】
1. How was your trip last week?
2. I visited my grandparents in the countryside.
3.Did you go to the zoo?
4.I didn’t like the trip at all.
以上4句均为 时态的不同句式。例句1是 动词的一般过去时态，例句2、3、4是 动词的一般过去时态。（一般过去，be，实义动词）
【语法透析】
一、一般过去时的基本定义
一般过去时，是表示在过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可以表示在过去某一阶段经常、反复做的动作。
一般过去时的句子中，谓语动词常用动词的过去式，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday/the day before yesterday，last…（last
week/year/month/night/Monday）,…ago（two days/months/years/weeks ago）,in…（in 1996/2003/1987）,in those days在那些日子里，just now/a moment ago刚才。
二、一般过去时的基本用法
1.表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：He suddenly fell
ill last night.他昨晚突然病倒了。
2.表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作。例如：She went to the cinema once a
month in the countryside. She always walked by the riverside in the countryside.
3.叙述过去连续发生的一件件事。例如：She got up early,fetched water,cleaned
the room and then went out for a walk.
【试题链接】——Do you know who took the students to the old people’s
home,Tony?
——Well,Mr.Smith .
A.took B.does C.did D.do （答案：C）
【试题链接】Sam opened the door and a lovely dog outside.
A.finds B.found C.has found D.will find （答案：B）
三、一般过去时的谓语结构表达
1.be动词+表语谓语结构。这一结构中be动词需用它的过去式was（am,is的过去式）或were（are的过去式）。当句子主语是第一人称代词“I”和第三人称单数形式时用was，其余人称则用were。例如：Mary’s mother was in England
two years ago.——Were the strawberries good?——Yes,they were./No,they 一般过去时态（Ⅰ） - 2 - weren’t.
2.一般动词(非be动词)谓语结构。一般过去时的句子谓语如果用到一般动词，主要是实义动词的过去式，则实义动词的过去式无主语人称和数的变化。Mr.Wang bought an English-Chinese dictionary last week.——Did you see any cows?——Yes,I did.I saw quite a lot.
句子谓语结构种类 在肯定句中 在否定句中 在一般疑问句中
be+表语谓语结构 was/were wasn’t/weren’t Was/Were……？
一般动词谓语机构 动词过去式 Didn’t+动词原形 Did…+动词原形…？
四、动词过去式的构成
构成规则 例词
一般动词原形末尾加-ed help-helped,watch-watched
结尾是不发音字母e的加-d decide-decided,live-lived
双鞋最后一个字母加-ed
stop-stopped,plan-planned
结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，y→i+ed carry-carried,study-studied
不规则变化：have/has-had come- came do/does-did am/is-was are-were
know-knew find-found drive-drove hear-heard see-saw
meet-met fly-flew
leave-left give-gave grow-grew keep-kept
let-let cut-cut put-put hit-hit(有些词形不变化)
read-read（词形不变化，读音发生变化）
【试题链接】——Excuse me,look at the sign NO PHOTOS!
——Sorry,I it.
A.don’t see B.didn’t see
C.haven’t seen D. won’t see
（根据句意“对不起，请看‘禁止拍照’的标牌！”“对不起，我没有看见它。”。可以判断是“刚才没有看见”，需用一般过去时。答案：B）
【试题链接】I have been to Shanghai.I there last month .
A.go B.went C.have gone D.will go （答案：B）
EXERCISES:
一、写出下列单词的现在分词和过去式。
1.do
2.play
e
4.shop
5.sit
6.take
7.talk
8.like
9.study
10.eat
11.write
12.sing
二、选择填空。
（ ）1.My sister late for school yesterday.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
（ ）2. your parents at home last Sunday?
A.Was B.Were C.Is D.Are
（ ）3.Eric some apples on the farm last weekend. 速记：一直二去三双四改五不规则 - 3 - A.grow B.grows C.grew D.is growing
（ ）4.Did you a horse yesterday?
A.ride B.rode C.rides D.riding
（ ）5.Carol picked some pears and them home.
A.take B.takes C.taken D.took
三、根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.It (be)June 15th yeaterday.
2. (be)you at home last night?
st Saturday,I (go)to the beach with my parents.
4.What you (do) last Friday?
5.Did you (stay) at home three days ago?
6.How (be)your last weekend?
7.My sister (not be) in China in 2008.
8.Wei Kang (visit)his friend and sent him some flowers.
9. you (have)a good time at Lily’s birthday party?
10.She (not eat)breakfast because she got up late this morning.
四、按要求改写句子。
1.She was a singer ten years ago.（改为否定句）
2.We were very happy to hear from our teacher.(改为一般疑问句)
3.Mr.Liu came here to study in 2009.（改为否定句）
4.She spent ￥200 on this red coat.（改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答）
5.I did something to help Grandpa Chen last weekend.（改为否定句）
