大学生学术英语读写教程上册电子版杨惠中

Effective Teaching of EAP Courses 作者： 杨惠中
作者机构： 上海交通大学外国语学院,上海200240
出版物刊名： 上海理工大学学报：社会科学版
页码： 8-11页
年卷期： 2016年 第1期
主题词： 有效教学 EAP课程目标 EAP研究
摘要：据统计，改革开放三十多年以来，我国累计已有超过5000万大学生达到了大学英语基础阶段的基本教学要求，具备相当程度的英语听说读写能力：他们的英语阅读速度已达到每分钟70～100英语词，能够通过阅读获取专业所需信息。

在这些学生中有相当一部分是高端学生，为他们开设EAP课程的问题近年来已经引起我国英语教学界的重视。

这是因为从掌握基础英语到在实际学术交流中准确地使用英语，还有一个能力迁移的问题。

可以预期，随着中学生英语水平的提高，这样的学生会愈来愈多，EAP课程甚至有可能成为我国大学英语教学的主流，这是大学英语课程历史发展的必然。

通过讨论EAP课程的任务与构成要素，以及开展EAP 研究和EAP教学方法研究的必要性，以期提高EAP课程的有效性和效率。

大学英语自学教程（上）电子版大学英语自学教程(上)01-A. How to be a successful language learner?― Learning a language is easy, even a child can do it!‖Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement. For them, learning a language is a very difficult task. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice, and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner.Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning. Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.Language teachers often offer advice to language learners: “ Read as much as you can in the new language.”“Practice speaking the language every day. ”“Live with people who speak the language.”“Don‘ t translate-try to think in the new language. ”“ Learn as a child would learn; play with the language. ”But what does a successful language learner do? Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways.First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not dependon the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They aregood guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from their mistakes.Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn thelanguage because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.01-B. LanguageWhen we want to tell other people what we think, we can do it not only with the help of words, but also in many other ways. For instance, we sometimes move our heads up and down when we want to say "yes‖ and we move our fromheadsside to side when we want to say "no." People who can neither hear nor speak (that is, deaf and dumb people) talk to each other with the help of their fingers. People who do not understand each other's language have to do the same. The following story shows how they sometimes do it.An Englishman who could not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy. One day he entered a restaurant and sat down at a table. When the waiter came, the Englishman opened his mouth, put his fingers in it, took them out again and moved his lips. In this way he meant to say , "Bring me something to eat." The waiter soon brought him a cup of tea. The Englishman shook his head and the waiter understood that he didn't want tea, so he took it away and brought himsome coffee. The Englishman, who was very hungry by this time and not at all thirsty, looked very sad. He shook his head each time the waiter brought him something to drink. The waiter brought him wine, then beer, then soda- water, but that wasn ‘ t food, of course. He wasstgoingjuto leave the restaurant when another traveler came in. When this man saw the waiter, he puthis hands on his stomach. That was enough: in a few minutes there was a large plate of macaroni and meat on the table before him.As you see, the primitive language of signs is not always very clear. The language of words is much more exact.Words consist of sounds, but there are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are notwords. For example, we may say "Sh-sh- sh‖ when we mean "keep silent. ‖ When laugh,babies we know they are happy, and when they cry, we know they are ill or simply want something.It is the same with animals. When a dog says-r- r‖or a―G cat says "F-f- f ‖we know they are angry.But these sounds are not language. Language consists of words which we put together into sentences. But animals can not do this: a dog can say -r- r ‖ when he means―G "I am angry, ‖ but he cannot say first "I ‖ and then "am ‖ and thenparrot"angrycan.talk like‖a Aman; it canrepeat whole sentences and knows what they mean. We may say that a parrot talks, but cannot say that it really speaks, because it cannot form new sentences out of the words it knows. Only man has the power to do this.02-A. Taxes, Taxes, and More TaxesAmericans often say that there are only two things a person can be sure of in life: death and taxes, Americans do not have a corner on the "death" market, but many people feel that the United States leads the world with the worst taxes.Taxes consist of the money which people pay to support their government. There are generally three levels of government in the United States: federal, state, and city; therefore, there are three types of taxes.Salaried people who earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government. The percentage varies from person to person. It depends on their salaries. The federal government has a graduated income tax, that is, the percentage of the tax (14 to 70 percent) increases as a person's income increases. With the high cost of taxes, people are not very happy on April 15, when the federal taxes are due.The second tax is for the state government: New Y ork, California, North Dakota, or any of the other forty-seven states. Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government. Of course, the percentage for the state tax is lower. Other states have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state. For example, a person might want to buy a packet of cigarettes for twenty-five cents. If there is a sales tax of eightpercent in that state, then the cost of the cigarettes is twenty-seven cents. This figure includes the sales tax. Some states use income tax in addition to sales tax to raise their revenues. The state tax laws are diverse and confusing.The third tax is for the city. This tax comes in two forms: property tax (people who own a home have to pay taxes on it) and excise tax, which is charged on cars in a city. The cities use these funds for education, police and fire departments, public works and municipal buildings.Since Americans pay such high taxes, they often feel that they are working one day each week just to pay their taxes. People always complain about taxes. They often protest that the government uses their tax dollars in the wrong way. They say that it spends too much on useless and impractical programs. Although Americans have different views on many issues, they tend to agree on one subject: taxes are too high.02-B. AdvertisingAdvertising is only part of the total sales effort, but it is the part that attracts the most attention. This is natural enough because advertising is designed for just that purpose. In newspapers, in magazines, in the mail, on radio and television, we constantly see and hear the messages for hundreds of different products and services. For the most part, they are the kinds of things that we can be persuaded to buy –food and drinks, cars and television sets, furniture and clothing, travel and leisure time activities.The simplest kind of advertising is the classified ad. Every day the newspapers carry a few pages of these ads; in the large Sunday editions there may be several sections of them. A classified ad is usually only a few lines long. It is really a notice or announcement that something is available.Newspapers also carry a large amount of display advertising. Most of it is for stores or for various forms of entertainment. Newspapers generally reach an audience only in a limited area. To bring their message to a larger audience, many who want to put out their ads use national magazines. Many of the techniques of modern advertising were developed in magazine ads. The use of bright colors, attractive pictures, and short messages is all characteristic of magazine ads. The most important purpose is to catch the eye. The message itself is usually short, often no more than a slogan which the public identifies with the product.The same techniques have been carried over into television advertising. V oices and music have been added to color and pictures to catch the ear as well as the eye. Television ads are short –usually only 15,30, or 60 seconds, but they are repeated over and over again so that the audience sees and hears them many times. Commercial television has mixed entertainment and advertising. If you want the entertainment, you have to put up with the advertising-and millions of people want the entertainment.The men and women in the sales department are responsible for the company ‘ s advertising, They must decide on the audience they want to reach. They must also decide on the best way to get their message to their particular audience. They also make an estimate of the costs before management approves the plan. In most large companies management is directly involved in planning the advertising.03-A. The Atlantic OceanThe Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New. For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it.One idea was that it reached out to "the edge of the world." Sailors were afraid that they mightsail right off the earth. Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific, but it is still very large. It is morethan 4,000 miles (6,000 km) wide where Columbus crossed it. Even at its narrowest it is about 2, 000 miles (3,200 km) wide. This narrowest place is between the bulge of south America and the bulge of Africa.Two things make the Atlantic Ocean rather unusual. For so large an ocean it has veryfew islands. Also, it is the world's saltiest ocean.There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is. But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers. It would take the ocean about 4,000 years to dry up. On the average the water is a little more than two miles (3.2 km) deep, but in places it is much deeper. The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico. This "deep"30, 246 feet - almost six miles (9.6 km).One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises the floor of the Atlantic. This mountain range runs north and south down the middle of the ocean. The tops of a few of the mountains reach up above the sea and make islands. The Azores are the tops of peaks in the mid-Atlantic mountain range.Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea. Here the water is quiet, for there is little wind. In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here. Sometimes they were.Ocean currents are sometime called "rivers in the sea." One of these "river" in the Atlantic is called the Gulf Stream. It is a current of warm water. Another is the Labrador Current-cold water coming down from the Arctic. Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.The Atlantic furnishes much food for the people on its shores. One of its most famous fishing regions, the Grand Banks, is near Newfoundland.Today the Atlantic is a great highway . It is not, however, always a smooth and safe one. Storms sweep across it and pile up great waves. Icebergs float down from the Far North across the paths of ships.We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller. Columbus sailed for more than two months to cross it. A fast modern steamship can make the trip in less than four days. Airplanes fly from New Y ork to London in only eight hours and from South America to Africa in four!03-B. The MoonWe find that the moon is about 239,000 miles (384,551km) away from the earth, and, to within a few thousand miles, its distance always remains the same. Y et a very little observation shows that the moon is not standing still.Its distance from the earth remains the same, but its direction continually changes. We find that it is traveling in a circle - or very nearly a circle -round the earth, going completely round once a month, or, more exactly, once every 27 1/3 days. It is our nearest neighbour in space, and like ourselves it is kept tied to the earth by the earth's gravitational pull.Except for the sun, the moon looks the biggest object in the sky . Actually it is one of the smallest, and only looks big because it is so near to us. Its diameter is only 2, 160 miles (3,389 km), or a little more than a quarter of the diameter of the earth.Once a month, or, more exactly, once every 29 1/2 days, at the time we call "full moon,"its whole disc looks bright. At other times only part of it appears bright, and we always find thatthis is the part which faces towards the sun, while the part facing away from the sun appears dark. Artists could make their pictures better if they kept in mind -- only those parts of the moon which are lighted up by the sun are bright. This shows that the moon gives no light of its own. It merely reflects the light of the sun, like a huge mirror hung in the sky.Yet the dark part of the moon‘ s surface is not absolutelygenerallyblack; it is just light enough for us to be able to see its outline, so that we speak of seeing "the old moon in the newmoon's arms." The light by which we see the old moon does not come from the sun, but from the earth. we knows well how the surface of the sea or of snow, or even of a wet road, may reflect uncomfortably much of the sun's light on to our faces. In the same way the surface of the whole earth reflects enough of the sun's light on to the face of the moon for us to be able to seethe parts of it which would otherwise be dark.If there were any inhabitants of the moon, they would see our earth reflecting the light ofthe sun, again like a huge mirror hung in the sky. They would speak of earthlight just as we speak of moonlight . "The old moon in the new moon's arms" is nothing but that part of themoon's surface on which it is night, lighted up by earth light. In the same way, the lunar inhabitants would occasionally see part of our earth in full sunlight, and the rest lighted onlyby moonlig ht; they might call this "the old earth in the new earth's arms.‖04-A. Improving Your MemoryPsychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that help memory: meaningfulness, organization, association, and visualization. It is useful to know how these principles work.Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels. Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember. There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful. Many people, for instance, learn a rhyme to help them remember. Do you know therhyme ― Thirty days has September, April, June, and November ⋯ ? ‖It helps many people remember which months of the year have 30 days.Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember. How useful would a library be if the books were kept in random order? Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information. One example of organization is chunking. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information. For example, the number 4671363 is more easily remembered if it is chunked as 467,13,63. Categorizing is another means of organization.Suppose you are asked to remember the following list of words: man, bench, dog, desk, woman, horse, child, cat, chair. Many people will group the words into similar categories and remember them as follows: man, woman, child; cat, dog, horse; bench, chair, desk. Needless to say, the second list can be remembered more easily than the first one.Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately. In memorizing a number, you might try to associate it with familiarnumbers or events. For example, the height of Mount Fuji in Japan - 12, 389 feet - might beremembered using the following associations: 12 is the number of months in the year, and 389 is the number of days in a year(365) added to the number of months twice (24).The last principle is visualization. Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks when people are asked to visualize the items to be remembered. In one study, subjects in one group were asked to learn some words using imagery, while the second group used repetition to learn the words. Those using imagery remembered 80 to 90 percent of the words, compared with 30 to 40 percent of the words for those who memorized by repetition. Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.04-B. Short-term MemoryThere are two kinds of memory: shore-term and long-term. Information in long-term memory can be recalled at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or weeks. Sometimes information in the long-term memory is hard to remember. Students taking exam often have this experience. In contrast, information in shore-term memory is kept for onlya few seconds, usually by repeating the information over and over. For example, you look up a number in the telephone book, and before you dial, you repeat the number over and over. If someone interrupts you, you will probably forget the number. In laboratory studies, subjects are unable to remember three letters after eighteen seconds if they are not allowed to repeat the letters to themselves.Psychologists study memory and learning with both animal and human subjects. Thetwo experiments here show how short-term memory has been studied.Dr. Hunter studied short-term memory in rats. He used a special apparatus which had a cage for the rat and three doors, There was a light in each door. First the rat was placed in the closed cage. Next, one of the lights was turned on and then off. There was food for the rat only at this door. After the light was turned off, the rat had to wait a short time before it was releasedfrom its cage. Then, if it went to the correct door, it was rewarded with the food that was there. Hunter did this experiment many times. He always turned on the lights in a random order. The rat had to wait different intervals before it was release from the cage. Hunter found that if the rat hadto wait more than ten seconds, it could not remember the correct door. Hunter's results show that rats have a short-term memory of about ten seconds.Later, Dr. Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary. The subjects in his experiment were 75 students at the University of California in Los Angeles. They represented all levels of ability in English; beginning, intermediate, advanced, and native-speaking students.To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the w ord they had heard in the recording. Some of the questions had four choices that sound alike. For example, weather, whether, wither, and wetter are four words that sound alike. Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning. Method, way, manner, and system would be four wordswith the same meaning. Some of them had four unrelated choices. For instance, weather, method, love, and result could be used as four unrelated words. Finally the subjects took a language proficiency test.Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike; students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning ‘results suggest that beginningstudents hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, while advanced students holdthe meaning of words in their short-term memory .05-A. Fallacies about FoodMany primitive peoples believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves. They thought, for example, that eating deer would make them run as fast as the deer. Some savage tribes believed that eating enemies that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave. Man-eating may have started because people were eager to become as strong and brave as their enemies.Among civilized people it was once thought that ginger root by some magical power could improve the memory. Eggs were thought to make the voice pretty. Tomatoes also were believed to have magical powers. They were called love apples and were supposed to make people who ate them fall in love.Later another wrong idea about tomatoes grew up - the idea that they were poisonous. How surprised the people who thought tomatoes poisonous would be if they could know that millions of pounds of tomatoes were supplied to soldiers overseas during World War II.Even today there are a great many wrong ideas about food. Some of them are very widespread.One such idea is that fish is the best brain food. Fish is good brain food just as it is good muscle food and skin food and bone food. But no one has been able to prove that fish is any better for the brain than many other kinds of food.Another such idea is that you should not drink water with meals. Washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing is not a good idea, but some water with meals has been found to be helpful. It makes the digestive juices flow more freely and helps to digest the food.Many of the ideas which scientists tell us have no foundation have to do with mixtures of foods. A few years ago the belief became general that orange juice and milk should never bedrunk at the same meal. The reason given was that the acid in the orange juice would make the milk curdle and become indigestible. As a matter of fact, milk always meets in the stomach a digestive juice which curdles it; the curdling of the milk is the first step in its digestion. A similar wrong idea is that fish and ice cream when eaten at the same meal form a poisonous combination.Still another wrong idea about mixing foods is that proteins and carbohydrates should never be eaten at the same meal. Many people think of bread, for example, as a carbohydrate food. It is chiefly a carbohydrate food, but it also contains proteins. In the same way, milk, probably the best single food, contains both proteins and carbohydrates. It is just as foolish to say that one should never eat meat and potatoes together as it is to say that one should never eat bread or drink milk.05-B. Do Animals Think?The question has often been asked, Do animals think? I believe that some of them thinka great deal. Many of them are like children in their sports. We notice this to be true very oftenwith dogs and cats; but it is true with other animals as well.Some birds are very lively in their sports; and the same is true with some insects. The ants, hardworking as they are, have their times for play. They run races; they wrestle; and sometimes they have mock fights together. V ery busy must be their thoughts while engaged in these sports.There are many animals, however, that never play; their thoughts seem to be of the more sober kind. We never see frogs engaged in sport. They all the time appear to be very grave. The same is true of the owl, who always looks as if he were considering some important question.Animals think much while building their houses. The bird searches for what it can use in building its nest, and in doing this it thinks. The beavers think as they build their dams and their houses. They think in getting their materials, and also in arranging them, and in plastering them together with mud. Some spiders build houses which could scarcely have been made except by some thinking creature.As animals think, they learn. Some learn more than others. The parrot learns to talk, 11though in some other respects it is quite stupid. The mocking bird learns to imitate a great many different sounds. The horse is not long in learning many things connected with the work whichhe has to do. The shepherd dog does not know as much about most things as some other dogs , and yet he understands very well how to take care of sheep.Though animals think and learn, they do not make any real improvement in their waysof doing things, as men do. Each kind of bird has its own way of building a nest, and it is always the same way. And so of other animals. They have no new fashions, and learn none from each other. But men, as you know, are always finding new ways of building houses, and improved methods of doing almost all kinds of labor.Many of the things that animals know how to do they seem to know either without learning, or in some way which we cannot understand. They are said to do such things by instinct; but no one can tell what instinct is. It is by this instinct that birds build their nests and beavers their dam and huts. If these things were all planned and thought out just as men plan new houses. there would be some changes in the fashions of them, and some improvements.I have spoken of the building instinct of beavers. An English gentleman caught a young one and put him at first in a cage. After a while he let him out in a room where there was a great variety of things. As soon as he was let out he began to exercise his building instinct. He gathered together whatever he could find, brushes, baskets, boots, clothes, sticks, bits of coal, etc., and arranged them as if to build a dam. Now, if he had had his wits about him, he would have known that there was no use in building a dam where there was no water.It is plain that, while animals learn about things by their senses as we do, they do not think nearly as much about what they learn, and this is the reason why they do not improve more rapidly. Even the wisest of them, as the elephant and the dog, do not think very much about what they see and hear. Nor is this all. There are some thing that we understand, but about which animals know nothing. They have no knowledge of anything that happens outside of their own observation. Their minds are so much unlike ours that they do not know the difference between right and wrong.06-A. DiamondsDiamonds are rare, beautiful, and also quite useful. They are the hardest substance。

浅析学术英语写作中的模糊限制语作者：梁欣欣来源：《校园英语·上旬》2021年第10期对于高级英语学习者而言，学术英语写作是一项至关重要的课程，国内外的大学都要求学生进行各种类型的学术英语写作。

此文旨在谈谈一个学术英语写作中容易忽略的要点：学术英语写作并非简单的转述信息或事实;反之，作者必须以谨慎的表达方式完成这项任务，避免展示个人态度或掺杂个人观点，给读者留下思考和验证的空间。

因此，“谨慎语言”，也称作“模糊限制语”的使用是学术英语写作的一大显著特征。

这种“模糊限制语”的使用使作者能够进行准确客观的陈述，从而避免绝对、极端或个人化的信息传递。

“模糊限制语”，它在学术英语写作的使用主要体现在以下两个方面，下文将以切实的例子进行说明。

表示可能性：指出某事很有可能发生或某个趋势的存在，但并不绝对。

在2015年6月第一套大学英语四级考试第一篇仔细阅读题中，作者介绍了明尼苏达大学和蒙特利尔麦克吉尔大学的一项新研究，并指出世界粮食减产可能会威胁到世界人口温饱的重大问题。

在文章最后一段，作者将这一研究与另一篇关于世界粮食问题的新论文进行了比较。

“Instead， it（指another new paper） says， thanks to slowing population growth， land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yield， which may not actually happen.”在該段第一句中，作者使用了情态动词“might”（也许、可能）来展示新论文的研究结果：世界人口温饱不会成为一个重大问题（Instead承接上文）。

21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册课程6内容详解21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册课程6内容详解导语：书呆子一般指只读书而不会用书上的知识变通的'人，下面是一篇题为书呆子和怪人的英语课文，欢迎大家阅读。

Nerds and GeeksLeonid FridmanThere is something very wrong with the system of values in a society that has only unkind terms like nerd and geek for the intellectually curious and academically serious.We all know what a nerd is: someone who wears thick glasses and ugly clothes; someone who knows all the answers to the chemistry or math homework but can never get a date on a Saturday night. And a geek, according to "Webster's New World Dictionary," is a street performer who shocks the public by biting off heads of live chickens. It is a revealing fact about our language and our culture that someone dedicated to pursuit of knowledge is compared to such a freak.Even at a prestigious educational institution like Harvard, anti-intellectualism is widespread: Many students are ashamed to admit, even to their friends, how much they study.Although most students try to keep up their grades, there is but a small group of undergraduates for whom pursuing knowledge is the most important thing during their years at Harvard. Nerds are looked down upon while athletes are made heroes of.The same thing happens in U.S. elementary and high schools. Children who prefer to read books rather than play football, prefer to build model airplanes rather than idle away their time at parties with their classmates, become social outcasts. Becauseof their intelligence and refusal to conform to society's anti-intellectual values, many are deprived of a chance to learn adequate social skills and acquire good communication tools.Enough is enough.Nerds and geeks must stop being ashamed of what they are. Those who don't study hard must stop teasing those who do, the bright kids with thick glasses. The anti-intellectual values that have spread throughout American society must be fought.There are very few countries in the world where anti-intellectualism runs as high in popular culture as it does in the U.S.. In most industrialized nations, not least of all our economic rivals in East Asia, a kid who studies hard is praised and held up as an example to other students.In many parts of the world, university professorships are the most prestigious and materially rewarding positions. But not in America, where average professional ballplayers are much more respected and better paid than professors of the best universities.How can a country where typical parents are ashamed of their daughter studying mathematics instead of going dancing, or of their son reading Weber while his friends play baseball be expected to compete in the technology race with Japan? How long can America remain a world-class power if we constantly put social skills and physical strength over academic achievement and intellectual ability?Do we really expect to stay afloat largely by importing our scientists and intellectuals from abroad, as we have done for a major portion of this century without making an effort to also cultivate a pro-intellectual culture at home? Even if we have the political will to spend a lot more money on education than we do now, do we think we can improve our schools if we laugh at ourhardworking pupils and fail to respect their impoverished teachers?Our fault lies not so much with our economy or with our politics as within ourselves, our values and our image of a good life. America's culture has not adapted to the demands of our times, to the economic realities that demand a highly educated workforce and innovative intelligent leadership.If we are to succeed as a society in the 21 st century, we had better do away with our anti-intellectualism and teach our children that a good life depends on exercising one's mind and pursuing knowledge to the full extent of one's abilities.Not until the words "nerd" and "geek" become terms of praise rather than insults do we stand a chance.Second ListeningListen to the tape again. Then, choose the best answer to each of the following questions.1. The main purpose of this listening passage is to_________.A) argue against higher salaries for athletesB) offer solutions to current economic problemsC) complain about the lack of respect for intellectualsD) describe changes in the English language2. What is the meaning of the words "nerd" and "geek"?A) They are insulting terms which are applied to smart students.B) They are used in the U.S. to describe students from other countries.C) A nerd is a good student and a geek is a poor student.D) A nerd is a poor student and a geek is a good student.3. The passage says that in nations other than the U.S.,_________.A) hardworking students are praisedB) professors are paid better salariesC) more respect is given to intellectualsD) all of the above4. The passage suggests that the words "nerd" and "geek" should_________.A) be made illegalB) become words of praise, rather than insultsC) be used to describe athletes instead of studentsD) all of the abovePre-reading Questions1. Have you heard the terms, "nerd" and "geek", before? If so, explain what they refer to. If not, read the first two paragraphs and try to guess their meaning from the context. Discuss your ideas with your classmates.2. In China, how are the most hardworking and intelligent students seen by the rest of society? Has this view changed over time? Explain.3. Based on the introductory and concluding paragraphs, what is the author's opinion about the situation in America?。

大学学术英语读写教程杨惠中上册答案1、I _______ seeing you soon. [单选题] *A. look afterB. look forC. look atD. look forward to(正确答案)2、It’s windy outside. _______ your jacket, Bob. [单选题] *A. Try onB. Put on(正确答案)C. Take offD. Wear3、The（)majority of the members were against the idea. [单选题] *A. substantialB. enormousC. considerable(正确答案)D. overwhelming4、The man lost his camera and he ______ it now.（）[单选题] *A. foundB. is findingC. is looking forD. looks for(正确答案)5、Obviously they didn’t see the significance of the plan. That is（）the problem lies. [单选题] *A. where(正确答案)B. whyC. /D. how6、There are still some wild tigers alive. [单选题] *A. 聪明的B. 凶恶的C. 野生的(正确答案)D. 珍贵的7、People cut down many trees ______ elephants are losing their homes. （）[单选题] *A. ifB. butC. so(正确答案)D. or8、( ) The Great Wall was listed by the UNESCO as ___ World Heritage Site. [单选题]*A. a(正确答案)B. theC.\D.an9、95．-Dad, can we walk? ? ? ? ? ? ?the road now?-No,we? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . We have to wait until the light turns green. [单选题] *A．across, needn’tB．across, mustn’t(正确答案)C．though, can’tD．through, mustn't10、42．—________ meat do you want?—Half a kilo. [单选题] *A．How much(正确答案)B．How manyC．WhatD．Which11、His picture is on show in London this month. [单选题] *A. 给...看B. 展出(正确答案)C. 出示D. 上演12、Can I _______ your order now? [单选题] *A. makeB. likeC. giveD. take(正确答案)13、( ) What she is worried __ is ____ her daughter is always addicted to chatting online./; that [单选题] *A /; thatB of thatC about that(正确答案)D about what14、Almost every one of us could see her anxiety from the（）on her face. [单选题] *A. appearanceB. feelingC. movementD. expression(正确答案)15、If you had told me earlier, I _____ to meet you at the hotel. [单选题] *A. had comeB. will have comeC. would comeD. would have come(正确答案)16、The soldiers were_____of running away when the enemy attacked. [单选题] *A.chargedB.accused(正确答案)C.scoldedD.estimated17、You must pay more attention to your pronunciation. [单选题] *A. 词汇B. 拼写C. 发音(正确答案)D. 语法18、It is important for us _______ English well. [单选题] *A. learnB. learningC. to learn(正确答案)D. learned19、____ wants to see you. [单选题] *A. Somebody(正确答案)B. AnybodyC. All the peopleD. No people20、These apples smell _____ and taste ______. [单选题] *A. well; wellB. good; good(正确答案)C. well; goodD. good; well21、The bookshop is far away. You’d better _______. [单选题] *A. by the busB. by busC. take busD. take?the bus(正确答案)22、-----How can I apply for an online course?------Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you. [单选题] *A. seeB. are seeingC. have seenD. will see(正确答案)23、24．Kitty’s father ______ a policeman since 2 He loves helping people. [单选题] *A．isB．wasC．has been (正确答案)D．have been24、19．_______ will the film Country Road last? [单选题] *A．How farB．How oftenC．How soonD．How long(正确答案)25、The street was named _____ George Washington who led the American war for independence. [单选题] *A. fromB. withC. asD. after(正确答案)26、—Could you take out the rubbish, Jim?—______. I have too much homework to do. You can ask Sally to do it. （）[单选题] *A. Sorry, I can’t(正确答案)B. No problemC. I disagreeD. No, thanks27、I have worked all day. I'm so tired that I need _____ . [单选题] *A. a night restB. rest of nightC. a night's rest(正确答案)D. a rest of night28、The book is _______. You’d better buy it. [单选题] *A. useful(正确答案)B. uselessC. useD. careful29、—______ do you play basketball?—Twice a week.（）[单选题] *A. How often(正确答案)B. How muchC. How manyD. How long30、19．Students will have computers on their desks ________ . [单选题] * A．in the future(正确答案)B．on the futureC．at the momentD．in the past。

Unit1A common misconception among youngsters attending school is that their teachers were child prodigies. Who else but a bookworm, with none of the normal kid's tendency to play rather than study, would grow up to be a teacher anyway?I've tried desperately to explain to my students that the image they have of me as an enthusiastic devotee of books and homework during my adolescence was a bit out of focus. On the contrary, I hated compulsory education with a passion. I could never quite accept the notion of having to go to school while the fish were biting.上学的孩子们中间有一种普遍的错误想法，即认为他们的老师当年都是些神童。

不管怎么说，除了不像一般孩子那样生性贪玩、不愿学习的书呆子之外，还有谁愿意长大后当老师呢？我极力向我的学生们解释，我在他们心目中的形象—一个在青春期热衷于书本和作业的人—有一点被扭曲了。

相反，我极为痛恨义务教育。

我永远都无法接受在鱼儿上钩时不得不去上学的想法。

Unit 2Children are entitled to special consideration for two reasons: helplessness and innocence. They have not yet acquired either the faculty of reason or the wisdom of experience. Consequently, they are defenseless (incapable of fending for themselves) and blameless (incapable of real sin). That's why we grant them special protection. In an emergency, it is our duty to save them first because they, helpless, have put their lives in our hands. And in wartime, they are supposed to be protected by special immunity because they can have threatened or offended no one.孩子们之所以有权享受特殊照顾有两个理由：无助和无辜。

大学学术英语读写教程教师用书上册答案杨惠中百1. John: Sorry, Liz. I think I was a bit rude to you. Liz: ________, but don’t do that again! [单选题] *Forget it(正确答案)Go aheadIt dependsWith pleasure2. The quality of education in this small school is better than________in some larger schools [单选题] *that(正确答案)oneItthis3. Only when Lily walked into the office________ that she had left the contract at home. [单选题] *did she realize(正确答案)she realizedshe has realizedhas she realized4. John：Jack, you seem excited. Jack：________? I won the first prize. [单选题] *Guess what(正确答案)So whatWho caresPardon me5. ________in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. [单选题] * Absorbed(正确答案)To absorbTo be absorbedAbsorbing6. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she________at that time. [单选题] *will be teaching(正确答案)will teachwould teachhas taught7. I________have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. [单选题] *needn’t(正确答案)mightn’tmustn’tcouldn’t8. ________for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. [单选题] *Having worked(正确答案)To workWorkedTo be working9. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement________so far by the two sides. [单选题] *has been reached(正确答案)will reachwas reachedwill have reached10. Tom had to ________the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. [单选题] *turn down(正确答案)turn inturn overturn to11. If you have any doubts about your health, you’d better ________your doctor at once. [单选题] *consult(正确答案)avoidconvinceaffect12. We need to get to the root of the problem________we can solve it. [单选题] * before(正确答案)whileafteras13. I wish I________at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. [单选题] *had been(正确答案)will behave beenwould be14. See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t ________sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. [单选题] *make(正确答案)havedisplaybring15. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere________his employees enjoy their work. [单选题] *where(正确答案)whichwhenwho16. He was afraid that the branch might bend over and break, and he would be sent________to the ground. [单选题] *crashing(正确答案)throwingrushingdropping17. The generation________makes it difficult for parents to understand their children’s opinions. [单选题] *gap(正确答案)divisionseparationinterval18. If the boy had________the dog alone it wouldn't have bitten him. [单选题] *left(正确答案)sethadput19. We can’t________one to change the habits of a lifetime in a short time. [单选题] * expect(正确答案)hopewait20. Jack is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent.________, I can't speak too highly of him. [单选题] *In a word(正确答案)As a resultBy the wayOn the contrary21. His landlady gave him a week's________to leave the flat. [单选题] *notice(正确答案)threatadvicecaution22. With the change of the economic foundation the entire immense superstructureis________rapidly transformed. [单选题] *more or less(正确答案)anything butat largeany more23. These plastic flowers look so________that many people think they are real. [单选题] *natural(正确答案)beautifulsimilar24. I remember her face but I cannot________where I met her. [单选题] *recall(正确答案)remindremarkregret25. The open university was started in order to help those who ____having a university education when they were young. [单选题] *missed(正确答案)droppedfailedhad26. Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to ________healthy. [单选题] *stay(正确答案)preservemaintainreserve27. You won’t find paper cutting difficult ________you keep practicing it. [单选题] * as long as(正确答案)as ifever since28. John: Can’t you stay a little longer? Jack:It’s getting late. I really________go now, My daughter is home alone. [单选题] *must(正确答案)maycandare29. Secretary: Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. John: All right.I________him later. [单选题] *will call(正确答案)have calledcallwill be calling30. If ________for the job, you will be informed soon. [单选题] *accepted(正确答案)to acceptacceptaccepting31. It isn't so much whether he works hard; the question is whether he was_____. [单选题] *at all(正确答案)above allin allafter all32. I truly believe ________beauty conies from within. [单选题] *that(正确答案)whereacceptingaccepted33. If I________it with my own eyes, I wouldn’t have believed it. [单选题] * hadn’t seen(正确答案)didn’t seeweren’t seeingwouldn’t see34. ________we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. [单选题] * How(正确答案)WhyWhereWhen35. Give me a chance,________I’ll give you a wonderful surprise. [单选题] * and(正确答案)ifwhileor36. John: Ok, I’ll fix your computer right now. Jack: Oh, take your time. ____ [单选题] * I'm in no hurry.(正确答案)I can’t stand it.That’s a great idea.It's not my cup of tea.37. Wind is now the world’s fastest growing________of power. [单选题] *source(正确答案)senseresultroot38. ________ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier. [单选题] *Once(正确答案)unlessAlthoughBefore39. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only________didn't fit [单选题] *to find(正确答案)foundfindinghaving found40. Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. [单选题] *written(正确答案)to writebeing writtenwriting41. Life is the like________ocean; Only________strong-willed can reach the other shore. [单选题] *an; the(正确答案)the;athe;//;a42. My parents always________great importance to my getting a good education. [单选题] *attach(正确答案)havepayaccept43. Tom: How long have you been learning English? John: One year. Tom:________! Your English is so good. [单选题] *You can’t be serious(正确答案)You got itI couldn’t agree moreI’m stuck44. We won’t start the work until all the preparations________. [单选题] *have been made(正确答案)are being madewill be madehad been made45. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, ________uses it differently. [单选题] *each of which(正确答案)all of whichall of themeach of them46. The two countries are going to meet to________some barriers to trade between them. [单选题] *break down(正确答案)make upuse upturn down47. I think________impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses. [单选题] * what(正确答案)thatWhichwho48. ________the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. [单选题] * Did he catchShould he catchHas he caughtHad he caught(正确答案)49. ________the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support. [单选题] *In reply toIn addition to(正确答案)In charge ofIn place of。

新视野大学英语第三版电子教案Book 3unit 5Unit 5 When work is a pleasurePART 1Understanding and Learning Overview This unit centers on the topic of work-an indispensable part of individual lives. Work may serve different purposes and have different meanings to different people. Text A argues, by differentiating among work,labor,and play,that interest and enjoyment in work are important for the benefit of both individuals and society. Text B, by telling us a story of a shoemaker and the author, stimulates thoughts on building a tradition of working with pride, self-esteem, and responsibility. All of these elements, as shown in both texts, cannot be achieved in a job that is done merely for the sake of money.Concerning the writing style, Text A is developed mainly by means of contrasts, which are effectively used to highlight, point by point, the differences between workers and laborers. Text B, by means of narration through the use of the first person“I”andwith detailed description and lively conversations,givesthereaders a strong feeling of beingpersonally on the scene,and achieves the effect of great vividness.In order for students to get a strong understanding ofthe unit theme and foster a good attitude toward work,the teacher should encourage thought-provoking discussions and activities. The topics for the discussions may includewhy we work, how we can foster love for work, how we achieve happiness at work, are peer interviews,retellingof Text B, questionnaire survey to gauge thehappiness level of a specific occupation and towork out how to achieve greater happiness at work.Section A Will you be a worker or a laborBackground information1 continuing educationContinuing education refers to the education for adults, usually in classes that are held in the evening and especially on subjects that are related to their jobs.2 experiential learningExperiential learning is the process of making meaning from direct experience. It is learning through reflection on doing, which is often contrasted with rote learning (死记硬背). Experiential learning focuses on the learning process for the individua1. An1example of experiential learning is going to the zoo and learning through observation and interaction with the zoo environment, as opposed to reading about animals from a book. Thus, one makes discoveries and experiments with knowledge firsthand, instead of hearing or reading about others’ experiences.Detailed study of the text1 In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, the socialindications around work,the value of work and the salary, have degraded many laborers into modern slaves-“wage slaves”.(Para. 1)Meaning: In a society where slavery, strictly speaking, has been put to an end, the social status of work, the value of work and the salary, have made many laborersbexxe modern slaves-“wage slaves”.★degrade:vt. treat sb. without respect and make them lose respect for themselves贬低(某人);羞辱(某人)The examination supervisor warned students not to degrade themselves by cheating on the exam.监考老师警告学生不要在考试中舞弊,以免自取其辱。

Unit1A学习外语是我一生中最艰苦也是最有意义的经历之一。

虽然时常遭遇挫折，但却非常有价值。

我学外语的经历始于初中的第一堂英语课。

老师很慈祥耐心，时常表扬学生。

由于这种积极的教学方法，我踊跃回答各种问题，从不怕答错。

两年中，我的成绩一直名列前茅。

到了高中后，我渴望继续学习英语。

然而，高中时的经历与以前大不相同。

以前，老师对所有的学生都很耐心，而新老师则总是惩罚答错的学生。

每当有谁回答错了，她就会用长教鞭指着我们，上下挥舞大喊：“错！错！错！”没有多久，我便不再渴望回答问题了。

我不仅失去了回答问题的乐趣，而且根本就不想再用英语说半个字。

好在这种情况没持续多久。

到了大学，我了解到所有学生必须上英语课。

与高中老师不同，大学英语老师非常耐心和蔼，而且从来不带教鞭！不过情况却远不尽如人意。

由于班大，每堂课能轮到我回答的问题寥寥无几。

上了几周课后，我还发现许多同学的英语说得比我要好得多。

我开始产生一种畏惧感。

虽然原因与高中时不同，但我却又一次不敢开口了。

看来我的英语水平要永远停步不前了。

直到几年后我有机会参加远程英语课程，情况才有所改善。

这种课程的媒介是一台电脑、一条电话线和一个调制解调器。

我很快配齐了必要的设备并跟一个朋友学会了电脑操作技术，于是我每周用5到7天在网上的虚拟课堂里学习英语。

网上学习并不比普通的课堂学习容易。

它需要花许多的时间，需要学习者专心自律，以跟上课程进度。

我尽力达到课程的最低要求，并按时完成作业。

我随时随地都在学习。

不管去哪里，我都随身携带一本袖珍字典和笔记本，笔记本上记着我遇到的生词。

我学习中出过许多错，有时是令人尴尬的错误。

有时我会因挫折而哭泣，有时甚至想放弃。

但我从未因别的同学英语说得比我快而感到畏惧，因为在电脑屏幕上作出回答之前，我可以根据自己的需要花时间去琢磨自己的想法。

突然有一天我发现自己什么都懂了，更重要的是，我说起英语来灵活自如。

尽管我还是常常出错，还有很多东西要学，但我已尝到了刻苦学习的甜头。

学术英语杨惠中读写教程答案伴60多岁中风去世时，那位72岁的退休教授不胜悲痛。

无人依靠的生活对他来说将是非常困难的。

when his wife died of a stroke in her sixties the72-year-oldretired professor was overwhelmed by grief. life would be too difficult for him without anybody to rely on.2、两位业余画家上个月在伦敦举办了一-次个人画展。

许多人前去参观，其中包括一些著名的专业画家。

last month two amateur painters held an exhibition of their pictures in london. many people went to see it including a few celebrated professionals.3、当20世纪80年代中期，7名宇航员在“挑战者”号的灾难中遇到困难时，全世界一下子陷入了震惊与悲痛之中。

when seven astronauts died in the challenger disaster in the mid-1980s it plunged the whole world into shock and grief.4、在结束了其第二届首相任期之后，她仍积极参与政治事务。

当政府遇到困难时，她屡次前来帮忙。

after completing her second prime ministry she remained actively involved in political affairs. she came to the rescue several times when the government was in difficulty.5、大选失败之后，史密斯博士隐退到一个小村庄，在那里尝试工作after his failure in the election campaign dr. smith retired to small village where he tried his hand at farming.6、只要你一-辈子不停地努力工作，你在回忆里往事时就会感到心满意足的。

第一单元学习前准备的词汇1．employmeｎt [ɪm＇ｐｌɒɪm(ə)nt;em-] n.雇用【记：eｍploy ｖ.;－ｍent动词变名词常用后缀】２.do oｎe's sｈare of承担自己的那一份工作、义务3. confｌｉct [＇ｋɒｎflɪkｔ] n．冲突vi. 冲突【记:coｎ-“反对,相反”,如：ｃontrast,cｏnte ｓt;ｆlｉｃt=stｒiｋe “打击”】4．proｐortioｎ［ｐｒə'ｐɔːʃ(ə)n］n. 比例vｔ. 使成比例【记:ｐortiｏｎ一部分】5.fiｇure ['fɪgə] n. 数字；人物;图形vt. 计算;估计，认为vi. 计算6．aｃｃｏｕnt foｒ（比例)占;说明……的原因;对…负有责任7. cusｔｏｄy ['kʌｓtədɪ] ｎ. 保管;拘留；抚养权，监护【记:按有些国家的ｃusｔom（习俗)抚养权归爸爸（dａddy）】8.guaｒdianｓｈｉｐ['ɡɑ:diən,ʃｉp] ｎ.监护；监护人的责任【记：guａrdian n.监护人;维护者；guａｒd n．警卫-shiｐ名词后缀，“状态，身份,技艺等”】9.steｐｆamily有继父(或继母）的家庭【记:step-“继或前夫(妻)所生”，ｓteｐfａther 继父sｔｅpdａughter前夫(妻)之女stｅpbroｔｈer异父(母)】10.disciplｉne ['dɪsɪｐlɪn] ｎ. 学科；纪律；训练;惩罚vt. 训练，训导;惩戒1１. R-raｔeｄ['ɑ:reiｔｉd] n．限制级；Ｒ级（片),1７岁以下必须由父母或者监护陪伴才能观看。

R指R estriｃted。

12. cohabiｔatiｏn [kəʊ,ｈæbɪ'teɪʃən]n．同居【记：co-共同,一起,－ｈａｂiｔ-（词根）拥有，居住,-atioｎ名词后缀】13. sector ['sektə] n. 部门；扇形【记:sｅctｉｏｎn．切下的部分, 块，片；节; 部分】14. sｏａr [ｓɔː]n. 高飞；高涨vi. 高飞;高耸；猛增【记：发音近似“嗖”,“嗖”地飞上了天】15.ｄisapproｖal[dɪｓə'pruːvl] n.不赞成;不喜欢【记：dis-否定前缀；appｒove ｖ.赞同；-ａｌ可以做名词后缀，如:matｅriａｌ】16. court［kɔːt] n. 法院；球场；朝廷；奉承vt. 招致（失败、危险等)；向…献殷勤；设法获得ｖｉ．求爱１７．perｍaｎeｎｔly['ｐɜːm(ə)nəntlɪ］ａdv. 永久地,长期不变地【记：pｅrmanｅn ｔadｊ.】18. temporary ['temp(ə)rərɪ]n. 临时工adj. 暂时的,临时的19．altｅrnatiｖe [ɔːl'tɜːnətɪv;ɒｌ-] n. 二中择一;供替代的选择adj. 供选择的；选择性的;交替的【记：看看电脑键盘上的Alt键(切换、替换键),就是这个词的缩写。

Unit1Very hesitantly I selected a tube of blue paint, and with infinite precaution made a mark about as big as a bean on the snow-white field .At that moment I heard the sound of a motorcar in the drive and threw down my brush in a panic. I was even more alarmed when I saw who stepped from the car: the wife of Sir John Laverty, the celebrated painter who lived nearby."'Painting!’ she declared.’ What fun. But what are you waiting for? Let me have the brush-the big one.’ she plunged into the paints and before I knew it, she had swept several fierce strokes and slashes of blue on the absolutely terrified canvas. Anyone could see it could not hit back. I restituted no more. Seized the largest brush and fell upon my wretched victim with fury. I have never felt any fear of a canvas since." 1.When his wife died of a stroke in her sixties, the 72-year-old retired professor was overwhelmed by grief .Life would be too difficult for him without anybody to rely on.2.Last month two amateur painters held an exhibition of their pictures inLondon .Many people went to see it, including a few celebrated professors.3.when seven astronauts died in the challenger disaster in the mid-1980s,it plunged the whole world into shock and grief.4.After completing her second prime ministry, she remained actively involved in political affairs. She came to the rescue several times when the government was in difficulty.5.After completing her second prime ministry, she remained actively involved in political affair. she came to the rescue several times when the government was in difficulty.6.As long as you keep working hard all your life, you will recall your past with a glow of satisfaction.7.We must awaken people to the importance of environment protection now, or it will soon be too late.8. That official was removed from office of being involved in a political scandal. Had he known this would happen, he might have acted differently.Unit2This belief in hard work is the first of three main factors contributing to Asian students' outstanding performance. It springs from Asians' common heritage ofConfucianism, the philosophy of the 5th-century-BC Chinese sage teachings have had a profound influence on Chinese society. One of Confucius’s primary teachings is that through effort, people can perfect themselves.Confucianism provides another important ingredient in the Asians’ success as well. In Confucian philosophy, the family plays a central role--an orientation that leads people to work for the honor of the family, not just for themselves. One can never replay one's parents, and there's sense of obligation or even guilt that is as strong a force among Asians as Protestant philosophy is among those in the West1.Female students constitute the majority of our class. By contrast, their class is made up of males only.2.American children can usually watch TV three hours a day, whereas their Chinese counterparts have to work on their homework during most their after-school time.3.His development of a series of new research methods led to his huge success. He said he owed all this to his parents’ encouragement.4.He resented being excluded from discussions that directly concerned his future. 5.The fact that these problems are continually showing up suggests that this new device has to be readjusted.6.As one of the many Asian students who have surged into the best American universities in recent years, Zhang Hua says that many of his ideas are based on traditional Chinese philosophy.7.To start with, it is not merely money that makes Mr. Young work so hard. He is committed to educating the young and tires to motivate them to get ahead in life. 8.As time was running out, we drove even faster in the hope that we could make it to the airport in time.Unit3The first cultural translator I ever met was an installation engineer, George by name, who worked for an American company where I was the director of international operations. The company had just started a joint venture with a Japanese firm, and the American management needed someone to train the Japanese employees in its unique technology. George's solid understanding of the equipment, its installation and use made him the best-qualified employee for the job ,so everyone was happy when George accepted a two-year contract for temporary transfer to Japan.Form the start, George was well accepted by all the Japanese employees. Japanese managers often distrust anyone sent to represent US owners, but George was so naturally nonassertive that no one could see him as a threat to their careers. So they felt comfortable asking his advice on a wide range of matters, including the odd behavior of their partners across the ocean. Engineers throughout the company appreciated George's expertise and his friendly and capable help, and they got into habit of turning to him whenever they had a problem-any problem. And the secretaries in the office were eager to help this nice bachelor learn Japanese.1When this temporary job came to an end, George was offered a permanent job, which he accepted at once.2.To ensure that their ventures in Japan are profitable, the American companies need cultural translators even more than language translators.3.As a cultural translator, George was eager to help the Japanese employees who came to ask his advice on a great many matters, both within and outside of his field of expertise.4.Somehow or other, George persuaded the American manager to go along with the Japanese accountant’s decision, thus smoothing over the conflict between the two.5.Conflicts and arguments do arise at times between the American managers and their Japanese counterparts. But since both parties have the good sense to compromise, these conflicts are prevented from escalating into big emotional battles.6.All the Japanese employees, the personnel manager included, appreciated George’s frequent help with the multitude of problems they run into.7.My spoken Japanese is not good enough to express myself well. Please don’t get offended if I sometimes say stupid things.8.with a solid understanding of traditional Chinese medicine and a good mastery of English, dr. Zhang is highly qualified to train foreign doctors who came to China to study Chinese medicine.Unit4Failure is never pleasant. It hurts adults and children alike. But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it. Step one is to ask,” Why did I fail?” Resist the natural impulse to blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong, how you can improve. If someone else can help, don’t be shy about inquiring.Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior ,is not nearly as good a teacher as failure. You can learn from a disastrous party how to give a good one, from an ill-chosen first house what to look for in a second .Even a failure that seems total can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction.1.Protecting children from the knowledge that they have failed is anything but beneficial to their growth and development.2.Emerson does not think there is a world of difference between success and failure.3.A mature person is one who is good at turning failure into success.4.She was so obsessed with becoming a success in ice skating that she never prepared herself for challenges of the real world.5.He suffered a complete nervous breakdown when he learned that his company had gone bankrupt.6.When talking about his success, Mr. Smith is very prone to exaggeration.7.The company started by selling radios but now has branched out into selling computers as well.8.In fact, failure is nothing to be afraid of. Once we learn how to use it, it can make a positive contribution to our growth and development.Unit5Balancing work and school was difficult. "I was staying up late studying , and going to work early every morning .I was having a hard time concentrating in class, and a hard time on the job because I was so tired ," she says . But she ended up with two A's in her first semester anyway.Priscilla decided to pursue an archaeology major, and in the summer of 1992,she got her fist opportunity to really test out her interest in the subject. The archaeological filed school of Washington State University was sponsoring a summer research project at a site alongside the Snake River in Washington. Priscilla threw herself into the work, and the project supervisors were impressed. At the end of the summer, one of the professors offered her a job. "He said, ' We just got a contract for project in North Dakota. We want to hire you if you're willing to take a semester off from school.’ “The offer was a diversion from Priscilla's pursuit of her BA. "But by then I no longer doubted that I would ultimately finish school,so I felt comfortable grabbing this opportunity,” she says.1.The university offered Priscilla only a small loan and she had to come up with the rest of the money herself.2.With small income from her restaurant job, marry could barely make (both) ends meet. That’s why she found some cleaning work to do in the apartment building where she lived.3.During her first semesters, she often stayed up late studying because she knew she had to get the highest GPA in her class to qualify the scholarship.4.Anyone who wants to find employment in/ with that company must have at least a master’s degree; if not a Ph. D. otherwise he or she will not be accepted.5.Only if you completely throw yourself into your studies will you ultimately achieve your long-term goal of becoming an archaeologist.6.In the office Beth always looked happy and had a ready smile. But deep down, she was tired of being a secretary. She wanted to do something more creative.7.A migrant farm laborer from Mexico, my father was overjoyed when I was accepted by the University of Washington and became the first person in my family to attend college.8.When Priscilla looked back on her years of hard struggle, she said that it was no easy job to balance work and study.Unit6He had been proclaimed” the finest mind alive”,” the greatest genius of the l ate20th century”, and "Einstein's heir ".Known to millions, far and wide, for his book A Brief History of Time, Stephen Hawking is a star scientist in more ways than one. His gift for revealing the mysteries of the universe in a style that non-scientists can enjoy made Hawking an instant celebrity and his book a bestseller in both Britain and America. It has earned a place in the Guinness Book of Records for spending 184 weeks in The Sunday Times” top-ten" list, and has sold more than five million copies worldwide--virtually unheard-of success for a science book.How did all this happen? How has a man who is almost completely paralyzed and unable to speak except through a computer overcome these incredible obstacles and achieved far more than people ever dream of?1.Stephen Hawking, a British scientist specializing in theoretical cosmology has been proclaimed the greatest genius of the late 20th century.2.Every time he releases a new record, the singer dreams of its/ it earning a place in the ‘top-t en’ list one the radio.3.Located to the northwest of London, Oxford University is well known/ noted far and wide for its academic excellence.4.An intellectual giant, Einstein was responsible for modern man’s new concept of time and space.5.This medical research is aimed at finding new treatments for inherited blood diseases, because the drugs now in use cannot cure these complicated diseases.6.This year is the one hundredth anniversary of the founding of our university. A private school initially, it has now become a world-famous university specializing in theoretical research.7.Two years ago, bob was feeling bored with his job as a restaurant manager. Luckily he won a scholarship to the state university.8.Asked what kind of student Stephen was at college, Prof. white, the then Chair of the Physics department, recalls: “ He impressed me as a very bright student with an instinctive insight into physics.”内容总结。

学术英语视听说1答案杨惠中答案1、13．—Will you come to my party?—I am not ________ . [单选题] *A．mindB．sure(正确答案)C．happyD．Sorry2、1——May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.——_______ , thanks. Ithink I can manage. [单选题] *A. All rightB. No problemC. It’s all right(正确答案)D. There’s no way3、—Can you play tennis?—______. But I can play basketball.（）[单选题] *A. Yes, I canB. Yes, I doC. No. I can’t(正确答案)D. No, I don’t4、_______ clever boy he is! [单选题] *A. What a(正确答案)B. WhatC. HowD. How a5、I gave John a present but he gave me nothing_____. [单选题] *A.in advanceB.in vainC.in return(正确答案)D.in turn6、I _____ of her since she left school three years ago. [单选题] *A. didn’t hearB. haven’t heard(正确答案)C. was not hearingD. shall not heard7、My home is about _______ away from the school. [单选题] *A. three hundred metreB. three hundreds metresC. three hundred metres(正确答案)D. three hundreds metre8、She found her wallet（）she lost it. [单选题] *A. where(正确答案)B. whenC. in whichD.that9、3．Shanghai is my hometown. It’s ________ China. [单选题] * A．nearB．far away fromC．to the east ofD．in the east of(正确答案)10、His mother’s _______ was a great blow to him. [单选题] *A. diedB. deadC. death(正确答案)D. die11、_______ your help, I passed the English exam. [单选题] *A. ThanksB. Thanks to(正确答案)C. Thank youD. Thank to12、_____from far away, the 600-meter tower is stretching into the sky. [单选题] *A. SeeB. SeeingC. To seeD. Seen(正确答案)13、50．—The sweater is not the right ________ for me.—Well, shall I get you a bigger one or a smaller one? [单选题] *A．priceB．colorC．size(正确答案)D．material(材料)14、I have worked all day. I'm so tired that I need _____ . [单选题] *A. a night restB. rest of nightC. a night's rest(正确答案)D. a rest of night15、--Jenny, what’s your favorite _______?? ? ? --like peaches best. [单选题] *A. fruit(正确答案)B. vegetablesC. drinkD. plants16、Her ideas sound right, but _____ I'm not completely sure. [单选题] *A. somehow(正确答案)B. somewhatC. somewhereD. sometime17、There is a popular belief _____schools don’t pay any attention to spelling. [单选题] *A.that(正确答案)B.whichC.whatD.whose18、My watch usually _______ good time, but today it is five minutes fast. [单选题] *A. goesB. makesC. keeps(正确答案)D. gains19、The book is very _______. I’ve read it twice. [单选题] *A. interestB. interestedC. interesting(正确答案)D. interests20、13．________ it rains heavily outside, Lily wants to meet her children at once. [单选题]* A．IfB．Although (正确答案)C．WhenD．Because.21、His sister ______ the chess club.（）[单选题] *A. want to joinB. want joiningC. wants to join(正确答案)D. wants joining22、( ) The salesgirls in Xiushui Market have set a good example______us in learning English. [单选题] *A. to(正确答案)B. forC. withD. on23、Could you please ______ why you can’t come to attend the meeting? [单选题] *A. explain(正确答案)B. understandC. giveD. reach24、Since the war their country has taken many important steps to improve its economic situation.[单选题] *A. 制定B. 提出C. 讨论D. 采取(正确答案)25、These two films are very interesting. I like them _____. [单选题] *A. eitherB. neitherC. allD. both(正确答案)26、His handwriting is better than _____. [单选题] *A. mine(正确答案)B. myC. ID. me27、She is a girl, _______ name is Lily. [单选题] *A. whose(正确答案)B. whoC. whichD. that28、60．—Are you ready?—Yes. We can start ________ any time. [单选题] * A．at(正确答案)B．inC．toD．for29、27．My father is a professor and he works in__________ university. [单选题] * A．a (正确答案)B．anC．/D．the30、I will _______ from Hunan University next year. [单选题] *A. learnB. studyC. graduate(正确答案)D. come。

大学学术英语读写教程杨惠中上册课文翻译1、My thanks go to those who still stuck by me when I fell upon dark days.2、Now that he has published a popular novel which earns hima large amount of money, he is able to buy a new house and a car.3、The police said that their suspicions were aroused because the girl had other marks on her body.4、How can you talk to her like that? She is the one who brought you up and helped you finish school.5、Hard as the road for these students after school will be, theirprospects are bright.6、In order to have enough money to run the business, he sold his newly -bought house at auction even at a substantial loss、7、He is fully justified in criticizing the police commissioner forpoor1y supervising his department.8、These ancient buildings which are under protection have been restored beautifully to attract foreigners.1、周六晚，在一牢骚酒吧II，村民依旧乐意向一威廉斯勋爵祝酒，尽管这个头衔现在只能引来阵阵笑声。