impacts(spdep)impacts()所属R语言包：spdepImpacts in spatial lag models在空间滞后模型的影响描述----------Description----------The calculation of impacts for spatial lag and spatial Durbin models is needed in order to interpret the regression coefficients correctly, because of the spillovers between the terms in these data generation processes (unlike the spatial error model).空间滞后和空间德宾模型的影响是必要的，正确的，因为这些数据生成过程（不同的空间误差模型）中的条款之间的溢出效应来解释回归系数的计算。
用法----------Usage----------## S3 method for class 'sarlm'impacts(obj, ..., tr, R = NULL, listw = NULL, useHESS = NULL, tol = 1e-06, empirical = FALSE, Q=NULL)## S3 method for class 'stsls'impacts(obj, ..., tr, R = NULL, listw = NULL, tol = 1e-06, empirical = FALSE, Q=NULL)## S3 method for class 'gmsar'impacts(obj, ..., tr, R = NULL, listw = NULL, tol = 1e-06, empirical = FALSE, Q=NULL)## S3 method for class 'lagImpact'plot(x, ..., choice="direct", trace=FALSE, density=TRUE)## S3 method for class 'lagImpact'print(x, ..., reportQ=NULL)## S3 method for class 'lagImpact'summary(object, ..., zstats=FALSE, short=FALSE, reportQ=NULL)## S3 method for class 'lagImpact'HPDinterval(obj, prob = 0.95, ..., choice="direct")参数----------Arguments----------参数：objA sarlm spatial regression object created by lagsarlm; in gImpact, a lagImpact objectlagsarlm中gImpact，一个lagImpact对象创建一个sarlm空间回归对象参数：...Arguments passed through to methods in the coda package传递参数的方法，在coda包参数：trA vector of traces of powers of the spatial weights matrix created using trW, for approximate impact measures; if not given, listw must be given for exact measures (for small to moderate spatial weights matrices); the traces must be for the same spatial weights as were used in fitting the spatial regression使用的矢量权力的空间权重矩阵的痕迹trW，近似影响的措施;如果没有给出，listw必须给出确切的措施（小到中雨空间权重矩阵）;走线必须是相同的空间权重被用于安装的空间回归参数：RIf given, simulations are used to compute distributions for the impact measures, returned as mcmc objects如果给出，模拟用于计算分布的影响的措施，作为mcmc对象返回参数：listwIf tr is not given, a spatial weights object as created by nb2listw; they must be the same spatial weights as were used in fitting the spatial regressiontr如果没有给出，对象创建空间权重nb2listw;他们必须是相同的空间权重被用于安装的空间回归参数：useHESSUse the Hessian approximation (if available) even if the asymptotic coefficient covariance matrix is available; used for comparing methods使用Hessian的近似系数的渐近协方差矩阵（如果有的话），即使是用于比较的方法参数：tolArgument passed to mvrnorm: tolerance (relative to largest variance) for numerical lack of positive-definiteness in the coefficient covariance matrix参数传递给mvrnorm：宽容（相对最大变化）的数值缺乏的系数协方差矩阵的正定性，参数：empiricalArgument passed to mvrnorm (default FALSE): if true, the coefficients and their covariance matrix specify the empirical not population mean and covariance matrix参数传递给mvrnorm（默认为false）：如果为真，系数和协方差矩阵指定的经验而不是人口的均值和协方差矩阵参数：Qdefault NULL, else an integer number of cumulative power series impacts to calculate if tr is given默认为空，否则一个整数的累计幂级数的影响，计算，如果tr参数：reportQdefault NULL; if TRUE and Q given as an argument to impacts, report impact components默认为空，如果为true，Q作为参数impacts，报告影响组件参数：x, objectlagImpact objects created by impacts methodslagImpact impacts方法创建的对象参数：zstatsdefault FALSE, if TRUE, also return z-values and p-values for the impacts based on the simulations默认是false，如果为TRUE，返回z值和p值的基础上模拟的影响参数：shortdefault FALSE, if TRUE passed to the print summary method to omit printing of the mcmc summaries默认是false，如果TRUE传递给打印总结的方法，省略印刷的MCMC摘要参数：choiceOne of three impacts: direct, indirect, or total其中的三个影响：直接的，间接的，或总参数：traceArgument passed to plot.mcmc: plot trace plots参数传递给plot.mcmc：图跟踪图参数：densityArgument passed to plot.mcmc: plot density plots参数传递给plot.mcmc：图密度图参数：probArgument passed to HPDinterval.mcmc: a numeric scalar in the interval (0,1) giving the target probability content of the intervals 参数传递给HPDinterval.mcmc：在区间（0,1）的数字标量目标的几率内容的间隔Details详细信息----------Details----------If called without R being set, the method returns the direct, indirect and total impacts for the variables in the model, for the variables themselves in tha spatial lag model case, for the variables and their spatial lags in the spatial Durbin (mixed) model case. The spatial lag impact measures are computed using eq. 2.46 (LeSage and Pace, 2009, p. 38), either using the exact dense matrix (when listw is given), or traces of powers of the weights matrix (when tr is given). When the traces are created by powering sparse matrices, the exact and the trace methods should give very similar results, unless the number of powers used is very small.如果没有R被设置，则该方法返回的直接的，间接的，总的影响在模型中的变量，变量本身在塔空间滞后模型的情况下，变量和它们的空间滞后的空间德宾（混合）模式的情况下。
