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虚拟语气
概述：
虽然在整个语法体系中，虚拟语气所占比重不大。
但是，它却是学生理解和掌握上的一个难点。
历年高考中，单独设题考查虚拟语气的情况并不是很多。
它的考查经常是，虚拟语气与情态动词，与陈述语气的混合考查。
题型涉及完形填空，短文改错等。
思维导图：
目的状语从句
方式状语从句
让步状语从句
原因状语从句
在if only 引导的条件句
在表示愿望的感叹句中
在“what if ….”句型中
知识点梳理：
I 基本概念：
语气：语气表达的是说话者的态度问题。
通常是通过句子中的谓语动词与一些情态动词的结合，或通过自身的变化。
英语中的3种语气：
II 虚拟语气的具体用法
1. 非真实条件句
4.定语从句
用于句型：It is (high/about) time (that) + 过去式(be动词保持was, were两种形式)
+ should do (should不可省)
It is time that you went to bed.
It’s high time that we should begin the meeting.。
（完整版）英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结英语中的虚拟语气是一种表示非事实或想象的语气，用来表达对现实情况的猜测、愿望、要求、建议、命令和反讽等。
虚拟语气主要通过动词的形式和句子的结构来表达。
一、虚拟语气的用法：1.表达建议、要求、命令、禁止：- 主语+动词原形+宾语（动词原形要用动词底形、如be）；- 主语+动词原形+that从句（用于表达建议、命令、禁止，动词原形用“should + 动词原形”或用情态动词）。
例句：- It is important that he be present at the meeting.（建议）- I suggest that he should go to the doctor.（建议）- They insisted that he leave the room immediately.（命令）2.表达愿望、请求、要求：-主语+动词过去式；- 主语+would/could/might + 动词原形；- 主语+动词过去式+宾语+should + 动词原形。
例句：- I wish I could fly.（愿望）- I would appreciate it if you could help me.（请求）3.表示虚拟条件：- If条件从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句用would/should/might/could + have + 过去分词；- If条件从句中的谓语动词用过去时，主句用would/should/could + 动词原形。
例句：- If I had known his phone number, I would have called him.（虚拟条件）- If you had listened to me, we could have finished the project earlier.（虚拟条件）4.表达建议、要求、祝愿：- If only内部称述 + 主语 + 过去式。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表达说话人的假设、愿望、猜测、建议等非现实的情况。
虚拟语气在英语中的使用非常广泛，包括情态动词、动词的过去式、过去完成时、be 型虚拟式等形式。
下面我将详细介绍虚拟语气的用法。
一、情态动词的虚拟语气1. 表示现在或将来的假设例如：If I had money, I would travel around the world.2. 表示过去的假设例如：If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.3. 表示与现在事实相反的愿望例如：I wish I were rich.4. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望例如：I wish I had studied harder.5. 表示与将来事实可能相反的愿望例如：I wish it would stop raining.二、动词的过去式的虚拟语气1. 表示现在或将来的假设例如：If I knew the answer, I would tell you.2. 表示过去的假设例如：If I had seen the movie, I would have recommended it to you.三、过去完成时的虚拟语气1. 表示过去的假设例如：If I had had more time, I would have finished the work.2. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望例如：I wish I had gone to the party last night.四、be型虚拟式1. 表示现在或将来的假设例如：If I were you, I would take the job.2. 表示与现在事实相反的愿望例如：I wish I were in Hawaii now.五、混合虚拟语气1. 表示过去的假设例如：If I had known that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport.2. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望例如：I wish I had studied harder and passed the exam.六、虚拟语气的特殊用法1. 在某些形容词后面使用虚拟语气例如：It is important that you be on time.2. 在某些名词后面使用虚拟语气例如：It is necessary that he study harder.3. 在某些介词后面使用虚拟语气例如：I am glad that you came.以上是虚拟语气的用法归纳，希望对大家有所帮助。
高考英语语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解一、基础知识（一）什么是虚拟语气谓语动词的作用不仅可以表示动作的时间、状态、假设（情感），也是一种语气（mood)的表现形式，表明说话的目的和意图。
（语气包含陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气）虚拟语气用于表示假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实或虚拟的情况，即与真实相反。
上学的时候老师经常举的一个例子，"If I were you"因为我不可能是你，这是一种不可能存在的事实，所以这是个虚拟语句。
总而言之英语中的虚拟语气可以分为两大体系：一是表示与事实相反的，或者是假象的情形，通常由if引导，叫做虚拟条件句；另一个体系是在名词从句中使用虚拟语气，表示建议，命令或者要求等语气，类似于上述美剧常用的台词。
（二）虚拟语气的用法这一部分我们主要用虚拟语气在条件句中的用法作为讲解与现在事实相反：If I had a map, I would lend it to you.如果我有地图我就借给你。
（但我没有）与将来事实相反：If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这工作，我会是另一种做法。
（言外之意不是我做这个工作，用虚拟表达是我做这份工作的可能性很低）与过去事实相反：If anything had happened, he would have let us know.如果发生了什么情况，他早就通知我们了。
（所以没事发生）它们的共性都是表示与事实相反或者实现可能性不大3.特殊情况①在极少情况下，从句的谓语动词用原形，主句的谓语动词可用陈述语气（比较官方，正式，大气的说法，口语很少使用）If that be the official view, it cannot be accepted.如果这是官方的看法，这是不能接受的。
②if可以省略，但是语序要改为倒装Were I Tom I would refuse.如果我是汤姆我会拒绝。
语法复习十：动词的语气——虚拟语气一、语气的定义和种类l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2、语气的种类：(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。
What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。
如: Open the door, please。
请打开门。
(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。
May you succeed! 祝您成功！二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。
在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。
如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。
如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。
(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。
)在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
现将虚拟条件从句和主注: 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。
l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。
如: If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。
动词的虚拟语气动词的虚拟语气是指用来表示不真实、假设或情态的动作、状态或愿望的一种语法形式。
在汉语中，虚拟语气的表达主要通过情态动词、副词、词组和语序等方式实现。
而在英语中，虚拟语气则通过动词的不同形式来表示。
一、虚拟语气的类型动词的虚拟语气包括了三种类型：虚拟条件语气、虚拟假设语气和虚拟情态语气。
1. 虚拟条件语气虚拟条件语气用来表示对现实情况的讨论和假设。
其形式上常通过动词的过去式形式或者过去完成式形式来表示。
例如：- If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.（如果我是一只鸟，我就会在天空中飞翔。
）- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（如果我学习更努力一些，我就能通过考试。
）虚拟条件语气在不同的条件下存在多种不同的表达形式，例如对现在或未来的假设使用过去式，对过去的假设使用过去完成式等。
2. 虚拟假设语气虚拟假设语气用来表示与现实相反的假设情况，通常通过动词的过去式或者过去完成式形式来表示。
例如：- I wish I were rich.（我希望我是有钱人。
）- If only I had known the truth earlier!（要是我早知道真相就好了！）虚拟假设语气常出现在对现在或过去的愿望、遗憾或建议等情况下，表达一种与现实相反的假设情况。
3. 虚拟情态语气虚拟情态语气通过诸如"should", "could", "would", "might"等情态动词的不同形式来表示。
它用来表达对过去、现在或将来的假设、推测和猜测。
例如：- I suggested that he should go to the party.（我建议他去参加派对。
）- She might have left early.（她可能早已离开。
A. caughtB. will catchC. might catchD. shall catch 语法复习十：动词的语气——虚拟语气1. If I ___ where he lived, I ___ a note to him.A. knew, wouldB. had known, would have sentC. know, would sendD. knew, would have sent2. If they __ earlier than expected, they ___ here now.A. had started, would beB. started, might beC. had started, would have beenD. will start, might have been 3. I didn ' t know his telephone number. ______ it, I ___ then.A. Had I known, would ring him upB. Should I know, would have rung him upC. If I knew; would ring him upD. Had I known; would have rung him up 4. Mary is ill today. If she ___ , she ___ absent from school.A. were not ill; wouldn' t beB. had been ill; wouldn't have beenC. had been ill; should have beenD. hadn't been ill; could be 5. Were I to do it, I ______ it some other way.A. will doB. would doC. would have doneD. were to do 6. I ______ him the answer _______ possible, but I was so busy then. A. could tell; if it had beenC. should have told; had it been7. Without your help, we ______ so much.A. won ' t achieve C. don't achieve8. You didn't take his advice. _______ his advice,you ___________________________ such a mistake.A. Had you taken; wouldn't have madeB. If you had taken; would makeC. Were you lo take; shouldn t have madeD. Have you taken; won t have made 9. We wish we __ what you did when we were at high school.A. didB. could have doneC. have doneD. should do 10. She wishes she __ to the theatre last night.A. wentB. would goC. had goneD. were going 11. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he ______ be tall when he grows up. A. could B. should C. would 12. My sister advised me that I _______ accept the invitation.A. couldB. mustC. should13. He asks that he _______ an opportunity to ex plain why heA. is givenB. must giveC. should give 14. Do you think of Wang Fang's suggestion that he _______ Mr. Li to the party?A. will inviteB. have invitedC. is invitedD. invite15. I insisted that he _______ at once.A. be goneB. goC. would goD. might go16. Li Ming insisted that he _____ anything at all.A. hadn ' t stolenB. shouldn ' t stealC. doesn ' t stealD. steal17. It is quite natural that my coming late again _______ them very angry.A. had madeB. would makeC. makes 18. He acted as if he ______ everything in the world.A. knewB. knowsC. has known 19. Read it aloud so that I ______ you clearly.A. may hearB. will hearC. hear20. They got up early in order that they _______ they first train.B. must have told; were itD. should have told; should it be B. didn ' t achieveD. wouldn't have achievedD. were able to D. might s refusedo ttohegre.D. be givenD. make D. won't know D. have heard21. I am sorry that he _____ __ in such poor health.A. areB. shall beC. wereD. should be22. That is a good book. You _______ it yesterday.A. could buyB. should buyC. should have boughtD. bought23. It is high time we________________________ home.A. will goB. would goC. have goneD. went24. I ' d rather that you ____ ___ home.A. wentB. have goneC. will goD. had gone25. If only I _______ to the lecture!A. listenB. will listenC. am listeningD. h ad listened26. If he ______ , he _______ that food. ----------- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken27.I didn' t see your sister at the meeting. If she ________ , she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come28. Without electricity, human life ______ quite different today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be29. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have givenB. might giveC. may have givenD. may give30. If city noises _____ from increasing, people ______ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A. are not kept; will have toB. are not kept; have toC. do not keep; will have toD. do not keep; have to31. Mike's father, as well as his mother, insisted that he ______ home.A. stayedB. could stayC. has stayedD. stay32. Mr. Smith insisted that he ______ the work all.A. had doneB. have doneC. didD. so33. Jane would never have gone to the party ______ that Mary would come to see her.A. has she knownB. had she known C'. if she know D. if she has known34. If you had enough money, what _______ ?A. will you buyB. would you buyC. would you have boughtD. will you have bought35. If you ______ that film late last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.A. didn't seeB. haven't seenC. wouldn 't have seenD. hadn 't seen36. Our monitor requested that _____ .A. all the class studied more carefully the problemB. the problem was more carefully studiedC. with great care the problem could be studiedD. all the class study the problem more carefully37. - Would you have called her up had it been possible?--- Yes, but I _______ . busy doing my homework..A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be38. His tired face suggested that he ______ really tired after the long walk.A. had beenB. wasC. beD. should be39. It is important that we _______ .A. shall close the window before we leaveC. must close the window before we leave 40.I didn't know his telephone number, otherwise IA. had telephonedB. will close the window before we leave D. close the window before we leave __ him.B. would telephoneC. would have telephonedD. telephone。
高考英语语法之虚拟语气(一)语气的种类：英语句子中谓语动词的语气有四种：1. 陈述语气（The Indicative Mood）陈述语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态：He has publishedquite a number of essays this year .他今年已发表了好几篇论文。
2. 祈使语气（The Imperative Mood）祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等：Wait outside untilyou are asked . 请在外面等候，请你进再进去。
Let's just take abreak, shall we ? 我们休息一会儿，好吗？3. 疑问语气( the interrogative mood ) ：用来提出问题Where are you from?4. 虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。
虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。
所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。
当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。
If I had moremoney, I would buy a bigger apartment.我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。
(二) 虚拟语气的种类：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多；条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
1.真实性条件句①真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生,各种结构如下：条件从句主句一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形祈使句情态动词一般现在时If he comes, hewill bring his violin. 如果他来，会带小提琴来的。
语法复习十：动词的语气——虚拟语气二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:从句主句与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形与过去事实相反had + 过去分词would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。
If my brother were here, everything would be all right.2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。
If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't (couldn’t) have failed in the exam.3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。
If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would，could，might) go to see my grandmother.If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out.4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now.5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式:(l)省略连词if。
在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。
Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it.(2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。
Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things.But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) I couldn’t have done it.假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。
I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.)I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.)6、省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。
(1)省去条件从句。
Y ou could have washed your clothes yourself.省去了"If you had wanted to(2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。
If my grandmother were with me!If only she had not left!三、虚拟语气的其他用法l、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在"It is important (strange，natural，necessary)that…"这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“s hould十动词原形”结构，It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules.2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法：(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中，1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。
I wish I knew the answer to the question.2）表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用"had十过去分词"。
I wish (wished) I hadn’t spent so much money. 3)表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为"would十动词原形"。
I wish it would stop raining. I wish you would come soon.(2)在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。
I demand that he (should) answer me immediately.3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法(1)在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，Even if he had been ill, he would have gone t his office.(2)由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。
He treated me as if I were a stranger. She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.(3)在in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用“could或mightMr green spoke slowly so that his students could (might) hear clearly.4、在"It is time (that) …"句型中I t’s (high) time we did our homework.5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法(1说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气It would be better for you not to stay up too late.(2)在一些习惯表达中。
如: I would rather not tell you.(3)用“may + 动词原形”表示"祝愿"、"但愿”，此时may须置于句首May good luck be yours.1. If I ____ where he lived, I ____ a note to him.A. knew, wouldB. had known, would have sentC. know, would sendD. knew, would have sent2. If they ____ earlier than expected, they ____ here now.A. had started, would beB. started, might beC. had started, would have beenD. will start, might have been3. I didn’t know his telephone number. ____ it, I ____ then.A. Had I known, would ring him upB. Should I know, would have rung him upC. If I knew; would ring him upD. Had I known; would have rung him up4. Mary is ill today. If she _____ , she ____ absent from school.A. were not ill; wouldn' t beB. had been ill; wouldn't have beenC. had been ill; should have beenD. hadn't been ill; could be5. Were I to do it, I ________ it some other way.A. will doB. would doC. would have doneD. were to do6. I ________ him the answer ________ possible, but I was so busy then.A. could tell; if it had beenB. must have told; were itC. should have told; had it beenD. should have told; should it be7. Without your help, we________ so much.A. won ' t achieveB. didn ' t achieveC. don't achieveD. wouldn't have achieved8. Y ou didn't take his advice. ________ his advice, you ________ such a mistake.A. Had you taken; wouldn't have madeB. If you had taken; would makeC. Were you lo take; shouldn t have madeD. Have you taken; won t have made9. We wish we ____ what you did when we were at high school.A. didB. could have doneC. have doneD. should do10. She wishes she ____ to the theatre last night.A. wentB. would goC. had goneD. were going11. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he ________ be tall when he grows up.A. couldB. shouldC. wouldD. were able to12. My sister advised me that I ________ accept the invitation.A. couldB. mustC. shouldD. might13. He asks that he ________ an opportunity to ex plain why he’s refused to go there.A. is givenB. must giveC. should giveD. be given14. Do you think of Wang Fang's suggestion that he ________ Mr. Li to the party?A. will inviteB. have invitedC. is invitedD. invite15. I insisted that he ________ at once.A. be goneB. goC. would goD. might go16. Li Ming insisted that he ________ anything at all.A. hadn ' t stolenB. shouldn ' t stealC. doesn ' t stealD. steal17. It is quite natural that my coming late again ________ them very angry.A. had madeB. would makeC. makesD. make18. He acted as if he ________ everything in the world.A. knewB. knowsC. has knownD. won't know19. Read it aloud so that I ________ you clearly.A. may hearB. will hearC. hearD. have heard20. They got up early in order that they ________ they first train.A. caughtB. will catchC. might catchD. shall catch21. I am sorry that he ________ in such poor health.A. areB. shall beC. wereD. should be22. That is a good book. Y ou ________ it yesterday.A. could buyB. should buyC. should have boughtD. bought23. It is high time we ________ home.A. will goB. would goC. have goneD. went24. I ' d rather that you ________ home.A. wentB. have goneC. will goD. had gone25. If only I _________ to the lecture!A. listenB. will listenC. am listeningD. had listened26. ---- If he_____ , he ______ that food. ---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken27.I didn' t see your sister at the meeting. If she _________, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come28. Without electricity, human life ________ quite different today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be29. He ________ you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have givenB. might giveC. may have givenD. may give30. If city noises _______ from increasing, people _______ shout to be heard even at the dinner table20 years from now.A. are not kept; will have toB. are not kept; have toC. do not keep; will have toD. do not keep; have to31. Mike's father, as well as his mother, insisted that he ________ home.A. stayedB. could stayC. has stayedD. stay32. Mr. Smith insisted that he ________ the work all.A. had doneB. have doneC. didD. so33. Jane would never have gone to the party ________ that Mary would come to see her.A. has she knownB. had she known C'. if she know D. if she has known34. If you had enough money, what ________ ?A. will you buyB. would you buyC. would you have boughtD. will you have bought35. If you ________ that film late last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.A. didn't seeB. haven't seenC. wouldn’t have seenD. hadn’t seen36. Our monitor requested that ________.A. all the class studied more carefully the problemB. the problem was more carefully studiedC. with great care the problem could be studiedD. all the class study the problem more carefully37. ---- Would you have called her up had it been possible?---- Y es, but I ________. busy doing my homework..A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be38. His tired face suggested that he ________ really tired after the long walk.A. had beenB. wasC. beD. should be39. It is important that we ________.A. shall close the window before we leaveB. will close the window before we leaveC. must close the window before we leaveD. close the window before we leave40. I didn't know his telephone number, otherwise I ______ him.A. had telephonedB. would telephoneC. would have telephonedD. telephone。
