Famous brand names

ON TRANSLA TION OF BRAND NAMES浅谈品牌翻译A thesis paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirementsFor the degree ofBachelor of Arts in EnglishABSTRACTThe 21st century is the age of economic globalization. The export and import of domestic and overseas products become much more frequent. Therefore the translation of brand names shows its great importance in helping the transnational companies to open new markets on foreign lands. A successful version will, to a large extent, improve the brand image among customers. Though many companies have realized the significance of brand name translation, some problems still exist today like abusing pinyin, over-complexity and neglecting cultural association. To avoid these mistakes, translators are required to get familiar with the basic theories in translating brand names. Generally speaking, there hasn’t been systematic study on translation of brand names. But some scholars like Nida and Newmark have ever established their theories in this area. On the basis of their theories, some main translating methods are introduced in this article. They are transliteration, literal translation, free translation, combining transliteration and free translation, and transference. All of them have their own advantages and disadvantages, so translators should make cautious use of them when translating brand names. To reflect the best effect of advertising, the translation should stick to principles of concision, equivalence and association. At last, the conclusion is reached that the standard of how good the translation is lies in how successfully the version achieves the advertising function. So with the purpose of attracting customers, translators should produce the most suitable versions by studying customers’ psychology and aesthetic appreciation.Key Words: Globalization, functionalism, problems, practical translation, equivalence摘要二十一世纪是全球经济一体化的时代，国内外商品的进出口日益频繁。

著名品牌标语英语作文Famous Brand Slogans。

Brand slogans are an essential part of a company's marketing strategy. They are short and catchy phrases that stick in people's minds and help to create brand recognition and loyalty. In this essay, I will discuss some of the most famous brand slogans in the world and explain why they are so effective.Nike – "Just Do It"Nike's "Just Do It" slogan is one of the most recognizable brand slogans in the world. It is simple, powerful, and inspires people to take action. The slogan was first introduced in 1988 and has been used in countless Nike advertisements since then. It is a perfect example of a slogan that encapsulates the brand's values and messagein just three words.Apple – "Think Different"Apple's "Think Different" slogan was first introduced in 1997 and has become synonymous with the brand's innovative and creative approach to technology. The slogan encourages people to think outside the box and embrace new ideas and ways of doing things. It is a perfect fit for a company that is known for its groundbreaking products and designs.Coca-Cola – "Taste the Feeling"Coca-Cola's "Taste the Feeling" slogan is all about the emotional connection that people have with the brand. It is a reminder that Coca-Cola is not just a drink, but a symbol of happiness, friendship, and good times. The slogan is simple and effective, and it has helped to reinforce Coca-Cola's position as one of the world's most beloved brands.McDonald's – "I'm Lovin' It"McDonald's "I'm Lovin' It" slogan is a perfect exampleof a brand slogan that has become part of popular culture. The slogan was first introduced in 2003 and has been usedin countless McDonald's advertisements since then. It is catchy, upbeat, and encourages people to enjoy the simple pleasures of life, like a delicious McDonald's meal.Conclusion。

【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】课程：大学体验英语综合教程3（第三版）教师：王晓芳Unit 3 Famous Brand NamesListen and TalkI.Teaching Objectives1.To train the students’ ability to listen through listening practice.2.To cultivate the students’ ability to talk about famous brandnames.3.To let students learn something about making advertisements andtheir business success.II.Time Allotment1st period：Lead-in(25min)2nd period：Discussion(25min)3rd period：Dialogue samples(30min)4th period：Communicative tasks(20min)III.Teaching Content1.Lead-in: Listen to the passage at least 3times and try to rearrangethe paragraphs which are not in the correct order.2.Discussion: Several pictures are presented to encourage studentsto make advertisements as if they were ad designers.3.Dialogue samples: Two dialoguesDialogue 1 The Pros and Cons of Famous BrandsDialogue 2 Why Piracy Exists4. Communicative tasks: Two situations are designed to help students practice oral English.Task 1 Talking about Favorite DrinksTask 2 Discussing Computer Software PiracyIV. Teaching Procedures1.Lead-inStep1:Teach students the words in P 210.Step2: Ask the students to listen to the passage at least 3 times and try to rearrange the paragraphs which are not in the correct order.1. risk n. 危险take risk 冒险2. marketing n. 市场营销3. entrepreneur n. 企业家4. penny wise and pound foolish 小时聪明，大事糊涂2. DiscussionStep 1. Show students with several pictures of world famousbrands which are familiar to students and tell theirsuccessful stories.Step 2. Ask students to form partners or groups to designadvertisements with the help of the pictures.1) sell a house to a snail2) sell a refrigerator to an Inuit3) sell a swimming suit to a fishFor reference: Inuit /ˈɪnuːɪt/ are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regionsof Greenland, Canada, and Alaska. Inuit is a plural noun; thesingular is Inuk. The word Inuit means "the people" in the Inuitlanguage of Inuktitut.3. Dialogue samplesStep 1. (1)Ask students to listen to dialogue 11. designer n. 设计师2. insecure adj. 无把握的，不肯定的3. catwalk n. 时装秀台4. beyond one’s means 超出某人的支付能力5. sturdy n. 结实的6. underwear n. 内衣(2)Ask students to repeat the dialogue line by line with one speaking after the other.Step 2. (1)Ask students to listen to dialogue 21. piracy n. 盗版行为2. author v. 创作出版3. undercut v. 廉价出售4. elite n. 精英(2) Ask students to repeat the dialogue line by line with onespeaking after the other.4. Communicative tasksAsk students to create a dialogue with their partneraccording to the given situation, using the expressions andsentence patterns for making the interviews in the table.Situation 1Two students are talking about their favorite drinks, eachtrying to argue for his / her own preferred brand andagainst the other’s choice.For referenceA: Hmmm, I’m thirsty. Shall we go and get a drink?B: Yeah, that sounds like a good idea. I could do with a nice cup of tea.A: Tea! Yuck! Coke for me.B: Coke? Do you really like it? I always think it tastes so artificial ... and it’s so sweet.A: And you like the taste of tea?B: Well, at least tea doesn’t rot my teeth.A: That depends on how much sugar you put in.B: I don’t put sugar in my tea. I drink it ‘cos it’s natural, and it tastes good. Besides, coke’s much moreexpensive.A: Some things are worth spending money on.B: Maybe, but coke’s beyond my means. And my theory is that tea’s healthy, it’s good for you.A: Well, that depends on what kind of tea you drink. You know some teas have loads of caffeine in them ... morethan coke even.B: Huh, okay. I can see I’m not going to win this one. And all this talking is making me thirsty. Let’s go and get thatdrink. You can have your coke if you want to. I’ll stickto my tea.Situation 2Two friends are discussing computer software piracy.For referenceA: Hey, I got a great new program for my computeryesterday. It’s a brilliant game. You should come overand play.B: Another program? I don’t know how you can afford them all.A: Well you know ... it’s a pirate copy.B: Don’t you feel bad supporting the pirates?A: I can’t afford the real thing!B: But it’s illegal ...A: Illegal to want to save money? It’s as good as the real thing but costs a quarter of the price.B: Maybe, but you see the problem is that with pirates the people who really do all the work end up losing out.A: Look, I’m just an average consumer. I’ve got to think about what’s good for me.B: But in the long run it’s not good for you. This pirate thing is getting out of control. You see, the more moneythe manufacturers lose through being pirated, the higherthe price of the real thing will become. In the end only anelite few can afford the genuine articles.A: I see what you mean. But if they made the programscheaper they could reduce the illegal copying.B: But they wouldn’t make any profit!A: In the short term perhaps but in the longer term theyprobably would. Honestly, I’d prefer to buy the originalsbut I just can’t. Now do you want to come and play ornot?V. AssignmentAsk students to work in pairs to discuss how to make advertisements, and preview the passage A.。

大学体验英语三（综合教程）Unit 3 Famous Brand NamesListen and TalkLead inLet me now share my six business success "secrets" with you:___There must be a willingness to take risks. You should not risk more than you can afford to lose, but you can afford not to take certain business risks.___Keeping a tight control on expenses - while at the same time avoiding being "penny wise and pound foolish" is a wise business practice.___A businessperson should always look for ways to improve their goods and services, as well as ways to increase efficiency and expand their marketing reach.___Marketing is everything. Marketing is the key to letting the world know about your products and services. There have been many products that had great sales potential, but have failed, owing to poor marketing.___Provide more and better products and services, for larger numbers of people, at less cost.___An entrepreneur must deliver good quality products and services and support them with a responsible attitude towards shortcomings and faulty products. Related to that is good customer service.I've just revealed a handful of universal principles of business success. If you apply them, they can contribute towards, your own business successKey: 4, 3, 6, 2, 1, 5Passage A: Bathtub Battleships from Ivorydale2. Answer the following questions with the information from the passage.1) Why does the author say that "with a bar of Ivory Soap in your hand, you are holding a chunk of American history"?The introduction of Ivory Soap dates back to the year of 1879. It must have witnessed a lot of great events of American history.2) What does the title "Bathtub Battleships from Ivorydale" imply?Little boys enjoy converting Ivory Soap into bathtub battleships because of its floating feature, and Ivorydale is the birthplace of the famous brand of Ivory Soap.3) Do you believe that Ivory Soap is really "as widely recognized as the Washington Monument and far more well respected than Congress"?It may not be actually true. It is likely that the author just wants to show to the readers how popular Ivory Soap is to Americans.4) How do you understand the author's description of Ivory Soap as a "phenomenon"?The popularity of Ivory Soap with generations of Americans is rather unusual and beyond imagination, thus it is called a phenomenon.5) Can you name some of the important factors necessary for a successful business?Open3. Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.1. We may infer from the passage that ______.A) Proctor & Gamble was not impressively successful in its first 20 years.B) the sales of Ivory Soap reach as high as more than thirty billion dollars per yearC) the factory of Proctor & Gamble is located in Ivorydale, hence the name of the soapD) Proctor & Gamble was founded by two immigrants shortly before the Civil War2. The most important reason for the great success of Ivory Soap lies in ______.A) its brand name which was lifted from the BibleB) its successful nationwide advertising campaignC) its feature of being 99.44/100 percent pureD) its mass production and low cost3. By saying that "Ivory Soap is an American Institution", the author indicates that ______.A) Ivory Soap is a brand name of Proctor & Gamble's products in AmericaB) Ivory Soap is an organization for providing washing powderC) Ivory Soap is well-known to AmericansD) Ivory Soap is a landmark building in America4. Proctor & Gamble introduced Ivory Soap in order to ______.A) compete with high-quality soaps coming from foreign countriesB) arouse children's interest so that they would become loyal consumersC) satisfy American mothers' need of washing out the mouths of their childrenD) bring a big break to the company and reach one million dollars in sales5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A) Ivory Soap is as solid and spotless as the marble of the Lincoln Memorial.B) Soap operas became known as a result of a P&G sponsored radio serial.C) Ivory Soap is eatable and doesn't even taste all that bad.D) Proctor & Gamble keeps a precise count of the bars of Ivory Soap having been sold.Anwser: 1.A, 2.B, 3.C, 4.A, 5.B4.Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word.The example of Proctor and Gamble’s famous Ivory Soap shows the potential that lies in mass marketing and planned a___and the importance of recognizable b___names. Ivory Soap, first produced in 1879, was well p___with clever slogans. These slogans, particularly the idea that the soap is so pure that it floats, p___so successful that they are still p___today. At the same time, the use of the radio serial for Ivory promotion gave rise to the e___"soap opera", which has become a modern g___ phenomenon. The development of Proctor and Gamble itself, from a small-scale operation founded by two i___to a multinational empire of today serves as a good example to build brand names.Anwser: 1.advertising 2.brand 3.promoted 4.proved5.popular6.expression7.global8.immigrants5. Underline the words in the following sentences which can be translated into “保证”, and then translate the sentences into Chinese.1. France has already pledged billions of dollars in aid next year.France has already pledged billions of dollars in aid next year.法国已经保证明年提供数十亿美元的援助。

下面是一些关于"famous"的常见搭配用法：1. "Famous person"：指的是著名人物，例如："He is a famous actor."（他是一位著名的演员。

）2. "Famous for"：用于描述某人或某物因特定原因而著名，例如："Paris is famous for its architecture."（巴黎以其建筑而闻名。

）3. "World-famous"：指的是全球闻名的，表达极度的著名，例如："The Eiffel Tower is a world-famous landmark."（埃菲尔铁塔是一个举世闻名的地标。

）4. "Famous quote"：指的是著名的引述，例如："Here is a famous quote by Albert Einstein: 'Imagination is more important than knowledge.'"（这是爱因斯坦的一句著名引述：“想象力比知识更重要。

”）5. "Famous brand"：指的是知名的品牌，例如："Nike is a famous sports brand."（耐克是一家著名的运动品牌。

）6. "Famous landmark"：指的是著名的地标，例如："The Great Wall of China is a famous landmark."（中国的长城是一座著名的地标。

）这些用法可以帮助你更准确地描述和表达关于"famous"的概念。

记住，具体用法可能因情境而异，所以在具体应用时要根据语境进行判断。

Unit 1 Caring for Our Earth1.What types of energy are popular in your country? For example, coal, gas, nuclear power. Whatdoes your house or apartment use?Coal and gas. We usually get heat by burning coal in winter although it’not a n environmental way. And natural gas is also a good choice to cook.2.Does your community offer a recycling program? Do you think recycling is an importantservice for communities to provide? Why or why not?Yes, they provide us green bins and call on us to sort and recycle as well as reuse. And they also offer a recycling program. I think recycling is an important service for communities to provide. Thanks to it, we don’t have any more unnecessary waste.3.In your opinion, what can cities like Beijing and Qingdao do to improve their air quality?(1)plant more trees to purify air.(2)limit private vehicles and call on people to use more public transportations.with the increase of private cars, air pollution is more and more serious(3)make laws and reduce industrial emission to a minimum.4.How are products packaged in our country? For example, how do you usually buy milk,electronic equipment and clothing? Are they good for our earth? Why or why not?In our country, most products are packaged with plastic or paper wrapper.But they are not good for our earth.Because plastic bags can not disappear by natural decomposition[,dikɑmpə'zɪʃən]If people throw away plastic bags, it’ll cause the white pollution to our environment.If plastic bags are burned , they will fill air with toxic['tɔksik] fumes. ['fju:miz]And Many trees also disappear as a result of paper wrapper’s overusi ng.5.Do you agree that our country will be short of fresh water in the future? Why or why not?NO, I don’t agree.Although there are some rivers polluted with the developing of our country,the government has make laws and try their best to stop pollution.And we will see the effect in several years.6.What should be done in order to prevent the climate change?Climate change is caused by greenhouse gasesIn order to prevent the climate change, we must reduce the emission of these gases.So we can plant more trees and develop new energy like windy energy or solar energy to replace traditional fossil ['fɔsəl] fuels.Global warming may be the most harmful environmental problem human beings have created. Please discuss its causes, consequences and what we can do to reduce it.It is caused by the greenhouse effect. The sun heats the earth surface, the earth radiates the energy back out into space, so the radiation gets trapped in the atmosphere by greenhouse gases. This trapped radiation warms the atmosphere, and so it goes back down to the earth, making it hotter than normal. This is greenhouse effect. This effect is caused by greenhouse gases like methane and CO2 in stratosphere. Because of human activities and especially the burning of the fossil fuels.Global warming can bring many disasters. For example, droughts, hurricanes, bushfires, shrinking polar ice and coastal flooding. Ice cap’s melting, sea level’s rising, means cities such like London, New York, Sydney and Tokyo will be soon merged.So we can plant more trees and develop new energy like windy energy or solar energy to replace traditional fossil fuels.Unit 2 Nobel Prize Winners7.Have you ever thought to win a big prize in the future, and what do you plan to do to achievethe goal?Yes, I have. To achieve the goal, I plan to study hard to get my master degree and then go aboard for further study as well as PHD.firstly, I must get up early to read something learned yesterday.Then, I must prepare lessons before class and review the note after class.last,I must listen carefully in class.8.How many Nobel Prize Winners do you know? Who do you admire most? Why?KofiAnnan(peace)，AlbertEinstain(physicis), MoYan(literature)，MarieCurie(chemistry) MoYan is the first Noble Prize winner who come from China. I think all of the Chinese are proud of him.9.What would you do if you were awarded the Nobel Prize?When I get the prize, I would be very famous and rich. I think I will go further on my study’s way.10.What do you think is the most important quality of a successful scientist?First，good scientists have the passion of exploring science.Second, they always work with careful and practical attitude.The last but not the least，they are very smart，talent is very important.11.Einstein once said: “Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance you must keep moving.”How do you understand this statement?We study and learn constantly day after day like keeping move by bike.But one day, if we don’t learn new things, we will be abandoned by the world we had sought for.12.How could you find the beauty of simplicity简单in the apparently complex nature? Could yougive some examples?It is important to view the nature scene with the appreciative mind.For instance,I would appreciate my surroundings when I’m relaxed and happy,but on the contrary,I would ignore the things around me.What preparations should a university student make for future success?First, they must work hard and finish their study with excellent achievement.Second, they can develop some interests or master some skills as an advantage in their future’s competition.Third, they must make many friends for their future.Unit 3 Famous Brand Names13.Can you name some famous brands? Why do people like them?Nike，Anta，LV，Lenovo，Toshiba…There are many reasons why any people like the famous brand.First，the famous brand products have the high quality and safety.Second，the famous brands always represent the good status.Third，famous brands company have the promise to repair the products if there are something wrong with the products14.Do you think college students should pursue famous brands? Why or why not?I don’t support i t.Because we don’t make money by ourselves now，and we can’t waste the money.And the correct shopping style should be that “buying what we need，what have the high quality with a good price”15.Some famous brands have a very long history. Why are they so popular among generations ofpeople?First, they have high quality.Second, the first impression is the strongest, so the famous brands with a very long history give us deep impressions that they are best.Third, many businessman see the honesty like their lives,so they are popular among people.16.How can a national famous brand build its name in a foreign country?For example，for the Haier company.First，the leader made a right strategy.Second，they sold they products with high qualities and function in a low price to attract consumers to buy their products.Third，they innovate some new products that other manufacturers don’t have.17.Why do many people choose pirated盗版stuff物品of famous brands instead of the genuine?What do you think of it?Many people can’t afford the expensive famous brand,but they want to buy them to show that they are in fashion and have the high social status.According to the psychology of the consumers ，manufacturer made the piracy of famous brand and sold them at a low price，so they can earn a lot of money.18.According to you, what kind of things are worth spending money on?I think that something we really need are worth spending money on .We also can spend money on something we cherish or love.What are the secrets of business success?First, products with high qualities.Second, an honest attitude towards the consumers.Third, good innovation ability.Last, united staff.Unit 4Cloning and Ethics1.Do you want a clone of yourself? Explain.Yes, I want clones of myself.Then, they can do everything for me.One go to school and one earn money,others can play computer games with me or do other things.2.What kind of people are in favor of cloning science?The people who can’t have a baby by pregnancy怀孕.The scientists who want to find a way to translate the organ by the cloning science to help the patients.3.Do you think a cloned Einstein would be a great person? Why or why not?NO, a cloned person only have the same gene as the body.What matters they will be a great man or not are not only gene,but also the surrounding they live, the things they face, the education they have and so on.So a cloned Einstein would not be a great man4.Do you think cloning is against ethics? Why or why not?Yes, I do. Cloning against traditional way of having a baby.And it will challenge the traditional view on ethics.Also the cloning baby may be the hot topics among people.5.Can cloning prolong people's life? Why or why not?Yes, it can. When we get hurt or serious disease, our bad organs will be replaced by clones.6.Should we legalize cloning? Why or why not?NO,Cloning people violate ['vaiəleit]违背th e ethics['eθiks]伦理.Second，the successful probability of cloning is very low，and the cloning animals have the short life.What’s more,there are many unknown problems we don’t know if the cloning baby come to the world.What are the pros and cons of cloning?Pros ：help couples who can’t pregnant to have babies.Protecting the endangered animals to increase their population.Finding new ways to cure some diseases.Cons：high cost ，against nature，the technique is not perfect now…Unit 5 Lifelong Education1.Do you think education is important in your life? Can you cite some examples to illustrate阐明your viewpoint?Yes. First, we can get advantage from it when seek for jobs.Second, the education we get in schools will influence us all one’s life.2.Is college education the only way to success? Is it worth the price?No, it is not the only way to success.Many people who don’t have college education have succeeded.For example, Yao Ming, who is a famous star without college education.Jay chou also succeed without college education.They succeed because of their talent and opportunity.But as for ordinary people, they need go to success by college education.3.If you had chance to continue learning after graduation, what subject do you like to choose?Why?P hilosophy. I think it’s a very mysterious course.It can help us to form cosmis view and expand our thought.4.Is college education satisfactory from your own experience?I am satisfied with my college life.I have many freedom to do what I like，and I have learned a lot from the class,and I also attracted by some courses.5.Do you think college education means more than study?I think the college education contains a lot.First, we need study to get the professional knowledge，but we also need to learn how to cooperate with others.We should take part in some activities to get some skills and enrich our minds.6.There are some graduates going to the technical school to study again. What do you think ofthat?I think it is not a good phenomenon,this scene will lead more students to give up going to college instead technical school.For what purpose(s) would an adult return to college? What do you think of this?First, to finish their college dreams. Many people dropped out because of poverty in that time, and now, they can afford.Second, some people want to get more knowledge and improve their ability.Unit 6 Travel around the world1.What attracts you most when you visit a new place?Food, I prefer delicious food to sceneryI thin k food is a part of local culture. I’d like to have a feast in a new place.2.People travel for various reasons. Please talk about some of them.Traveling can help us release the pressure.And we can know many different culture via visiting the place.And it’s a good way to feel the glamour ['ɡlæmə]魅力of the nature3.What is your favorite way of travelling, alone or in a group? Why?I think go travelling alone have more freedom, I can do what I like.But I think group travel is more interesting，because we can share the happiness with our friends anytime，and if we meet some troubles，we can solve it together and take care of each other.4.Introduce a tourist attraction that you have beenThe most beautiful place I have been is Zhangjiajie in Hunan province.The scenery is really good，and there are many strange mountains which will give you a big shock.5.If you had $1000, where would you go on holiday? How about if you had $10,000, or$100,000？If I have 1000$, I will go to Hong Kong. $10000, European, $100000, around the world. 6.Which scenic spot do you think can best represent代表the culture or lifestyle of yourhometown? Why?My hometown is Lan Zhou, what represent the culture of it is that : A river, the yellow river is citizen’s mother river. A book, a magazi ne named READER. A bowel of beef noodles.A lot of people after travelling often say: Travelling means sort of suffering. That implies they don’t eat well, sleep well, and they are very tired on the trip. Do you agree with it ? Give your reasons and explain.I don’t agree with it.in my opinion,travelling is a wonderful things.first,you can taste new foods and old ones we haven't tried for a while.if you don’t go to coastal city,you will miss the chance visit the fresh seafood.you will have a feast while you travilling,moreover,travelling is not only a good method to take exercise but also a great way to relax.what’s more,during the trip, You can learn the local culture and customs, you can make friends with local people.You can expand your knowledge and broaden your horizons,it is a very happy and easy process.you will enjoy it.I can’t disagree with it any more.I think, travelling is a terrible things.Tourism is not only a waste of time and a waste of money, but also an exhausting things.you have to get up early and sleep late.you have to walk fast without enough time for rest.you may be even have no time to enjoy delicious food and take a photo.in a word, Travelling means sort of suffering.Unit 7 Drug Abuse1.What do you know about drugs and drug abuse?见另一Some people are able to use recreational or prescription drugs without ever experiencing negative consequences or addiction.For many others, substance use can cause problems at work, home, school, and in relationships, leaving you feeling isolated, helpless, or ashamed.2.What kind of people are easier to turn to drugs? Why do people use drugs like Ecstasy?Many young people don’t realize the bad effects of the drugs.And they are easy to be influenced by other people who take drugs.Some people who are negative are more likely to take drugs to find the bliss.3.How do drugs affect the drug takers? What do drugs like Ecstasy do to the people who takethem?The drugs effects people’s organ and have a bad influence on the nervous system.What’s worse，the drugs will result in death.Many young people take the Ecstasy will feel very excited and happy，and they can’t control themselves.4.How should you avoid doing things that appear to be pleasant at first but will turn out to bereally harmful? (e.g. drug abuse, smoking, alcoholism, addiction to computer games, etc.)Realize that abusing drugs may lead to devastating events in people's lives.Think about what other things in life you can achieve such as activities that are more fulfilling than drugs.Examine all activities broadly, to help you Discover What You Really Want from a New Career.5.Have you ever heard of the war on drugs?War on drugs is a term commonly applied to a campaign of prohibition, military aid and military intervention,with the stated aim being to define and reduce the illegal drug trade.6.Who should be responsible for drug abuse?First, the government should establish and refine medicines regulations and policies easily abused;Meanwhile, manufacturers and distributors have sold legally to prevent the spread of drugs.If one of your friends were doing drugs, what would you do to help him out?1.First and foremost, your friend must acknowledge that using drugs is in fact aproblem.Without acknowledging that a problem exists, there will never be a solution.Depending on the stage of drug use--experimental, social, habitual,dependent--your friend may not see a problem at all.This is where you must define the problem(s) for your friend.2.Take action! Your friend must decide to stop using drugs.Only he/she can do that. People are motivated by either pleasure or pain.Determining which is the motivator for your friend will help narrow the focus of effort.Cause pain if your friend uses drugs, try to give pleasure to him/her.3.Get help. Heavy drug use requires professional help to stop initially, and for thelong term.You can help by taking them to a clinic or a professional;help them change their environment to get rid of the temptation.4.Be a positive force in your friend's life.Let your friend know (by word anddeed) that you are there for support.Help your friend remained focused on the positive goals that don't include drugs.Reinforce your friend's good behaviors without drugs.Don't abandon your friend when they slip up.。

famous用法和固定搭配
Famous是一个形容词，意为“著名的；闻名的；极好的；非常令人满意的；众所周知的”。

英式读音为/ˈfeɪməs/，美式读音为/ˈfeɪməs/。

比较级为more famous，最高级为most famous。

下面是一些常见的固定搭配和用法：
be famous for something/someone: 因为某种原因而闻名于世。

be famous as: 作为…而出名。

famous historical city: 历史名城。

famous brand: 名牌，名牌货。

famous movie star: 著名的电影明星。

once famous: 一度有名。

infamously famous: 臭名远扬。

例如：
He is famous for his inventions.（他因为他的发明而有名。

）
She found herself in famous company when she attended the award ceremony.（参加颁奖典礼时她意识到自己与名人在一起。

）
Italy is famous for its historic cities.（意大利以其历史名城而闻名。

）。

学生追求名牌英语作文关于学生追求名牌英语作文英语作文是英语考试最常见的一种题目类型，英语作文要求阅读、写作比较高，也是考生最容易失分的题型。

以下是小编整理的关于学生追求名牌英语作文，欢迎阅读参考。

学生追求名牌英语作文1Should Class Attendance be Required?Nowadays required class attendance is very common at colleges and universities. Most people accept ti as a necessary policy t ensure the normal teaching order and create a good study atmosphere. Besieds, they think it is a good urge for those students who lack self-discipline.However, still some others do not agree this argument. In their opinion, rigid attendance policies do not benefit students studies. A student may have to give up a lecture which he finds bital to his studies simply because he dare not run the risk of being penalized for his absence of his course. Besides, they say there is no proven correlation between attendance and performance.As for me, I am in favor of the latter opinion. Required class attendance may secure one hundred percent attendance for a course, but it does not make much sense. A student may never be absent in a course, but who knows whether or not he is just sistting there daydreaming all the time. Therefore, a student should allowed to decide for himself whether an in-class wxperience is worthwhile.学生追求名牌英语作文2University Students’ Pursuit of Famous Brands“What perfumes are you wearing?” “Aren’t your shoesNike’s latest release?” “I like the Mickey bag you bought yesterday.” “I hear the Jack & Jones store is on sale this week. Do you wanna come along?” Don’t feel surprised if you hear them coming out of the mouth of college students. It’s quite common to hear and see college students swapping information about the brands they like and the products they use. In fact, discussions about brand names have become one of the college students’ favourite pastimes. They learn about the latest fashion from each other, exchange tips about when and where to get the item, and buy it at their earliest convenience. “Keeping up with the Joneses” is their conviction —“If the J oneses have it, how could I have not?” About this current mindset of the college students, many people may hasten to show their disapproval. They’ll probably take it to be a reflection of the students’ vanity and superficiality. And they may lecture them on the virtue of being thrifty.However, I beg to differ. For one thing, name-brand products are usually quality products. They are something beautiful, endurable, and reliable. “The love of beauty is common to all,” goes the proverb; therefore, there’s not hing to blame about the pursuit of famous brands. For the other, college students are old enough to make their own decisions. Likewise, they must abide by the consequences if they make an ill-advised one. If they let their pursuit of brands eat into their budget for other more important issues, they should be able to correct their mistakes and keep everything in moderation. So this becomes no other than a good chance to learn management, isn’t it?。

毕业论文（设计）外文翻译Influence of Brand Loyalty on Consumer Sportswear原文：There are many operational definitions of brand loyalty. In general, brand loyalty can be defined as the strength of preference for a brand compared to other similar available options. This is often measured in terms of repeat purchase behaviour or price sensitivity . However, Bloemer and Kasper defined true brand loyalty as having six necessary conditions which are: 1) the biased; 2) behavioural response3) expressed over time; 4) by some decision-making unit; 5) with respect to one or more alternative brands out of a set of such brands; and 6) a function of psychological.True brand loyalty exists when customers have a high relative attitude toward the brand exhibited through repurchase behaviour. This type of loyalty can be a great asset to the firm: customers are willing to pay higher prices, may cost less to serve and can bring in new customers to the firm .Amine in her literature distinguishes two main approaches to define the loyalty construct: the behavioural one suggests that the repeat purchasing of a brand over time by a consumer expresses their loyalty, and; the attitudinal perspective which assumes that consistent buying of a brand is a necessary but not sufficient condition of ‘true’ brand loyalty and it must be complemented with a positive attitude towards this brand to ensure that this behaviour will be pursued further.Thus, brand loyalty is a function of both behaviour and attitudes. It is a consumer’s preference to buy a particular brand in a product category. It occurs because consumers perceive that the brand offers the right product features, image, or level of quality at the right price. This perception becomes the foundation for new buying habits. Consumers will initially make a trial product of the brand and, when satisfied with the purchase, tend to form habits and continue to purchase the same brand because the product is safe and familiar.Lau et al. in his article mentioned that there were seven factors that influenced consumers’ brand loyalty towards certain sportswear brands. The factors were: brandname, product quality, price, style, store environment, promotion and service quality.Brand NameFamous brand names can disseminate product benefits and lead to higher recall of advertised benefits than non-famous brand names . There are many unfamiliar brand names and alternatives available in the market place. Consumers may prefer to trust major famous brand names. These prestigious brand names and their images attract consumers to purchase the brand and bring about repeat purchasing behaviour and reduce price related switching behaviours . Furthermore, brand personality provides links to the brand’s emotional and self-expressive benefits for differentiation. This is important for brands which have only minor physical differences and are consumed in a social setting where the brand can create a visible image about the consumer itself. On other hand, fashion magazines and fashion press elaborate on the designer’s collections to the full extent and thus reinforce better images to facilitate consumer recognition . Consumers are usually able to evaluate each of International Journal of Economics and Management the products and brand name attributes. It is noteworthy that this information is essential for marketing managers to make informed decisions concerning product positioning, repositioning and differential advantages.According to Kohli and Thakor, brand name is the creation of an image or the development of a brand identity and is an expensive and time consuming process. The development of a brand name is an essential part of the process since the name is the basis of a brand’s image. Brand name is important for the firm to attract customers to purchase the product and influence repeat purchasing behaviour. Consumers tend to perceive the products from an overall perspective, associating with the brand name all the attributes and satisfaction experienced by the purchase and use of the product.Product QualityProduct Quality encompasses the features and characteristics of a product or service that bears on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs. In other words, product quality is defined as “fitness for use” or‘conformance to requirement” .Consumers may repeat the purchase of single brands or switch around several brands due to the tangible quality of the product sold. According to Frings, the components of product quality of fashionmerchandise include size measurement, cutting or fitting, material, colour, function and the performance of the merchandise. Fitting is a crucial aspect in garment selection because some fitted garments such as swimsuits and aerobic wear can ideally enhance the consumers’ general ap pearance.Material is important in product quality because it affects the hand feel, texture and other performance aspects of the product. Further, consumers relate personally to colour, and could select or reject a fashion because of colour. If the colour does not appeal to them or flatter their own colour, they will reject the fashion. Functional attributes in sportswear include quick-dry, breathable, waterproof, odour-resistant, lightweight, and antimicrobial and finally, durability which is the use life of garments. For instance, some consumers wear their sportswear for heavy work and some for leisure and sports, as they need a lot of movement, while durability is an important consideration in purchasing sportswear.Perfectionist or quality consciousness is defined as an awareness of and desire for high quality products, and the need to make the best or perfect choice versus buying the first product or brand available. This indicates that quality characteristics are also related to performance.PriceAccording to Cadogan and Foster, price is probably the most important consideration for the average consumer. Consumers with high brand loyalty are willing to pay a premium price for their favoured brand, so, their purchase intention is not easily affected by price. In addition, customers have a strong belief in the price and value of their favourite brands so much so that they would compare and evaluate prices with alternative brands . Consumers’ satisfaction can also be built by comparing pri ce with perceived costs and values. If the perceived values of the product are greater than cost, it is observed that consumers will purchase that product.Loyal customers are willing to pay a premium even if the price has increased because the perceived risk is very high and they prefer to pay a higher price to avoid the risk of any change. Basically, long-term relationships of service loyalty make loyal customers more price tolerant, since loyalty discourages customers from making price comparisonwith other products by shopping around. Price has increasingly become a focal point in consumers’ judgments of offer value as well as their overall assessment of the retailer .According to Bucklin et al. price significantly influences consumer choice and incidence of purchase. He emphasized that discount pricing makes households switch brands and buy products earlier than needed. Price is described as the quantity of payment or compensation for something. It indicates price as an exchange ratio between go ods that pay for each other. Price also communicates to the market the company’s intended value positioning of its product or brand. Price consciousness is defined as finding the best value, buying at sale prices or the lowest price choice. Additionally, consumers generally evaluated market price against an internal reference price, before they decide on the attractiveness of the retail price.StyleStyle is visual appearance, which includes line, silhouette and details affecting consumer perception towards a brand . According to Abraham and Littrell, a composite list of apparel attributes has been generated and one of the conceptual categories is style. Consumers’ judgment depends on the consumers’ level of fashion consciousness, so judgment will be conditioned by their opinion of what is currently fashionable. Brands that supply stylish sportswear attract loyal consumers who are fashion conscious. Fashion leaders or followers usually purchase or continue to repeatedly purchase their fashion garments in stores that are highly fashionable. They gain satisfaction from wearing the latest fashion and style which also satisfies their ego.A research conducted by Duff investigated the niche market in women’s sportswear, and the results showed that sportswear shoppers were becoming more fashion conscious and were demanding products with more style; furthermore, consumers have a tendency to wear different attires for different occasions. According to Sproles and Kendall, fashion consciousness is generally defined as an awareness of new styles, changing fashions, and attractive styling, as well as the desire to buy something exciting and trendy.Store EnvironmentOmar emphasised that the store environment was the single most important factorin retail marketing success and store longevity. Positive attributes of the store, which include store location, store layout, and in-store stimuli, affect brand loyalty to some extent. Store location and number of outlets are crucial in altering consumer shopping and purchasing patterns. If consumers find the store to be highly accessible during their shopping trip and are satisfied with the store’s assortment and services, these consumers may become loyal afterwards. Thus, a store’s atmosphere is one of the fac tors that could influence consumer’s decision making.The stimuli in the store, such as the characteristic of other shoppers and salespeople, store layout, noises, smells, temperature, shelf space and displays, sign, colours, and merchandise, affect consumers and serve as elements of apparel attributes , which may in turn, affect consumer decision making and satisfaction with the brand. On the other hand, background music played in the stores affects attitudes and behaviour . The slow-beat musical selection leads to higher sales volume as consumers spend more time and money in a conducive environment.There are many advantages to retailers having loyal customers. As stated by Huddleston et al., customer loyalty could yield a favourable operating cost advantage for retailers. Furthermore, they stressed that obtaining new customers cost five to six times as much as retaining current customers. Loyal customers can increase their purchase spending, they are low cost for retailers as compared to obtaining new customers; they accept price premiums and they have customer longevity. Research conducted by Lin and Chang showed that the channel convenience of the brands had significant influence on buying behaviour. This means that the accessibility to this product/brand in the store is important when purchasing low involvement products. Consumers will not go to another store just to find the brand. Instead, they will stay put and choose another brand.PromotionPromotion is a marketing mix component which is a kind of communication with consumers. Promotion includes the use of advertising, sales promotions, personal selling and publicity. Advertising is a non-personal presentation of information in mass media about a product, brand, company or store. It greatly affects consumers’ images,beliefs and attitudes towards products and brands, and in turn, influences their purchase behaviours. This shows that promotion, especially through advertising, can help establish ideas or perceptions in the consumers’ mi nds as well as help differentiate products against other brands.According to Rowley , promotion is an important element of a firm’s marketing strategy. Promotion is used to communicate with customers with respect to product offerings, and it is also a way to encourage purchase or sales of a product or service. Sales promotion tools are used by most organisations in support of advertising and public relations activities, and they are targeted toward consumers as final users. She also states that promotion has a key role in determining profitability and market success and is one of the key elements of the marketing mix which includes advertising; direct marketing; sales promotion; public relations and publicity; personal selling and sponsorship.Service QualityA common definition of service quality is that the service should correspond to the customers’ expectations and satisfy their needs and requirements . Service quality is a kind of personal selling, and involves direct interactions between salespeople and potential buyers. Consumers like to shop at specific stores because they like the services provided and are assured of certain service privileges.The impact of salespeople-consumer relationships will generally result in longterm orientation of consumers towards the store or brand. Trust in salespeople appears to relate to overall perceptions of the store’s service quality, and results in the consumer being totally satisfied with the stores in the end. Additionally, personalisation signifi cantly influence consumers’ experience and evaluation of service, and in turn, affects the brand loyalty of consumers.Gronroos noted that the quality of a service as perceived by customers had three dimensions: functional dimension, technical dimension, and image. Furthermore, Richard and Allaway argued that utilising only functional quality attributes to explain and/or predict consumers’ behaviour might be a misspecification of service quality and had low predictive validity.出处：WONG FOONG YEE and YAHYAH SIDEK.Int. Journal of Economics and Management.2008.2(2),pp.221-236标题：运动装中品牌忠诚的影响译文：品牌忠诚度有许多定义。