法律法庭词汇(英汉)

法律英语词汇一、有关机构的词汇司法部门，司法的judiciary法院court基层人民法院Basic People's Court中级人民法院Intermediate People's Court高级人民法院High People's Court最高人民法院Supreme People's Court专门人民法院special people's court军事法院military court海事法院maritime court铁路运输法院railway transport court审委会judicial committee合议庭collegial panel侦查机关public security inspectorate检察机关procuratorate公诉机关public prosecution organ公安局public security bureau派出所public security station地方人民检察院local people's procuratorate人民调解委员会the people's conciliation committees 居民委员会neighborhood committee村民委员会village committee民政部门civil affairs department二、有关身份和称谓的词汇公民citizen法人legal person未成年人minor成年人adult外国人alien无国籍人stateless person无诉讼行为能力人person with no legal capacity 监护人guardian个体工商户Individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding farm household个人合伙individual partnership法官judge代理审判员acting judge陪审员assessor陪审团jury检察官prosecutor代理检察员acting prosecutor公诉人public prosecutor当事人party, litigant法定代表人legal representative代理人agent诉讼代理人Agents ad Litem法定代理人statutory agent原告complainant；plaintiff；prosecutor；accuser 共同原告co-plaintiff被告defendant；the accused共同被告co-defendant上诉人petitioner被上诉人appellee, respondent受害者victim犯人convict惯犯habitual offender犯罪分子offender律师lawyer attorney公证人public notary监狱长warden证人witness书记员clerk翻译人员interpreter鉴定人expert witnesse勘验人inspection personnel外国企业foreign enterprise债权人creditor债务人debtor要约人offeror受要约人offeree作者author三、有关程序的词汇案件case办案handle a case诉讼lawsuit案由nature of case案件受理费litigation fee起诉initiate legal proceeding，sue, file a lawsuit反诉counter-claim公诉public prosecution公诉书bill of indictment仲裁arbitration合议panel hearing回避withdrawal公开审判public trial两审终审原则the court of second instance being that of last instance 审判权judicial power住所domicile惯常居所地habitual residence财产所在地situs公告public announcement书证documentary evidence物证material evidence视听资料audio-visual material证人证言testimony of witness传闻证据hearsay当事人陈述statements of the parties鉴定结论expert conclusion勘验笔录records of inspection质证cross-examine上诉appeal提起上诉file an appeal申请执行apply for execution独立审判independent adjudication发回重审remand a lawsuit for a new trial维持原判uphold verdict发生法律效力be legally effective管辖权jurisdiction管辖权异议objection to the jurisdiction of a court标的物管辖权subject matter jurisdiction对人管辖权in personam jurisdiction对物管辖权in rem jurisdiction级别管辖jurisdiction by forum level专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction起诉阶段the pleading stage审理trial不予受理refusal to entertain a case驳回起诉rejection of a complaint中止诉讼suspension of legal proceeding终结诉讼termination of legal proceeding缺席判决default judgment承认、放弃、变更诉讼请求admit, waive or modify claims 提起反诉file a counterclaim简易程序summary procedure普通程序ordinary procedure辩护defense调解mediate reconciliation和解accord庭外和解an out-of-court settlement胜诉winning suit撤销withdraw开庭in session法庭辩论court debate处罚penalty处以…的惩罚under penalty of从宽处理lenient punishment；liberal punishment从轻处罚impose a lenient sentence；lighter punishment 从重处罚heavier punishment；severe punishment调查investigation调查取证investigate and collect evidence定案结论verdict定案理由reason for decision财产保全property preservation先予执行advance execution检举accusation鉴定identification结案wind up a case, close a case, settle a lawsuit委托代理entrusted agency法定代理statutory agency指定代理appointed agency公开审理public hearing供认confession共谋collude共同犯罪joint offence共同实施违法行为jointly committed the offence故意伤害intentional injury过失negligence过失杀人manslaughter合法权益lawful benefit；lawful right核实verify缓期执行suspension of execution缓刑suspended sentence极刑capital punishment加重刑罚aggravate punishment假释parole假证据false evidence监内执行execution of punishment inside the prison 监狱jail；prison捏造fabrication捏造证据fabricate evidence伪证perjury搜查令search warrant死刑capital punishment；death penalty他杀homicide通缉令order for arrest窝藏罪犯harbor a criminal无期徒刑life sentence；life imprisonment宣告无罪absolve作案现场scene of crime标的subject matter禁令injunction优势证据preponderance of evidence表面证据prima facie case挑选法院forum-shopping四、有关法律法规的词汇宪法Constitutional law民事诉讼法Civil Procedure Law行政诉讼法Administrative Procedure Law刑事诉讼法criminal procedure law知识产权法intellectual property law国际法international law国际私法international private law法案bill法令decree法律行为act under the law民事法律行为civil juristic act法律后果legal effect法律依据legal basis法律制裁legal sanctions法庭传票bench warrant法院所在地venue of the court反对objection反对驳回objection overruled妨碍司法公正interfere with the course of justice；obstruction of justice 合法的legitimate；lawful非法的illegal；unlawful不动产realty, real property, real estate动产personalty, personal estate, personal property ，chattel违约default抵销Offset留置权，优先权lien期满，到期expire取消，丧失rescind有效的valid无效的invalid主权利principal right从权利accessory right主债务principal debt从债务accessory debt民事权利能力capacity for civil rights民事行为能力capacity for civil conduct完全民事行为能力full capacity for civil conduct 限制民事行为能力limited capacity for civil conduct 代理权agency债权creditors' Right知识产权intellectual Property Right著作权right of authorship版权copyright专利权patent商标专用权exclusive use of trademark证明商标certification trademark发现权right of discovery姓名权right of personal name名称权right of name肖像权right of portrait名誉权right of reputation荣誉权right of honour婚姻自主权right of marriage by choice民事责任civil liability五，其他停止cease查封seal up扣押distrain冻结freeze没收confiscate过错fault正当防卫justifiable defence停止侵害cessation of infringements排除妨碍removal of obstacles消除危险elimination of dangers返还财产return of property恢复原状restoration of original condition修理、重作、更换repair, reworking or replacement 赔偿损失compensation for losses支付违约金payment of breach of contract damages 消除影响elimination of ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitation of reputation赔礼道歉extension of apology诉讼时效limitation of action不可抗力force majeure商誉goodwill假冒经营passing off，palming off在先使用者senior user在后使用者junior user特许权，版税royalty垄断monopoly专利patent有形载体tangible medium域名public domain衍生作品deviate work合理使用fair use损害prejudice合同contract合意mutual assent不当得利unjust enrichment履行、清偿discharge报酬remuneration要约offer承诺acceptance意思表示intent indication要约邀请invitation for offer撤回withdrawn撤销revoke追认ratification公平原则the principle of equity诚实信用原则the principle of good faith 社会公德social ethics公共利益public interest国家秘密State secrets商业秘密trade secrets个人隐私personal privacy破产bankrupt清算 liquidation11。

法律专业术语(英汉互译)1. non adversary settlement非诉讼调解。

2. Sovereign jurisdiction管辖权。

3. courts of limited jurisdiction有限管辖权法院.在美国州的司法系统中,有限管辖权法院是最低级的法院,只受理小额诉讼,交通违章的案件等.州的有限管辖法院也被称为低级法院(inferior courts)。

4、diversity jurisdiction多元管辖，联邦法院对事管理的一种，指联邦法院对双方当事人是美国不同州的常住居民的案件管辖权。

5、judicial district司法区，法院辖区，（美国民诉中被告对原告起诉状所做的）书面答复。

6、person wronged受害方。

7、file suit提起诉讼。

8、the claims court索赔法院。

9、forum non convenience[拉]不方便审理得法院，指若法院认为案件由另一法院审理对双方当事人更为方便且能达到上述的目的，可不予受理。

10、code pleading法典诉答程序，指依照法典确定的规则而进行的诉答，始于1848年美国纽约洲菲尔德法典（Field Code）的规定。

11、qualified denial有限的否定，指被告在答辩中对原告的主张因缺乏确定性而不足以作出答辩的否认。

12、Party joiner当事人的合并，制将具有相同权利的多人或对提出同样权利请求的多人合并为一件诉讼的共同原告或共同被告。

13、Cross complaints交叉诉状，指本诉被告自本诉当事人以外第三人就其与本诉有关的事项提起诉讼的诉状。

14、mistrial无效审判。

15、deposition宣誓证词；证言。

16、counterclaims反诉，指在已开始的诉讼中的被告通过法院向本案原告提出的一项独立的请求，以代替就该请求对原告另外提起的一项单独的诉讼。

17、cross-examination交叉询问，指开庭审理程序中，一方当事人对对方证人所进行的询问。

法律常用术语分类中英对照法律常用术语【（一）、法令】rule 条例law 法律criminal law 刑法interpret 解释（法律）the legislature 立法机构the legal system/ the judicial system/ court system 法律体系【(二)、主体】the judge 法官the lawyer 律师（总称）the jury 陪审团the juror 陪审团成员the prosecutor（刑事案件）原告人；检察官，公诉人；the plaintiff (民事案件) 原告人the injured party/victim被害人witness/eyewitness 见证人，目击者the prosecution 原告及其代理律师；代表原告的律师the accused/defendant 被告人the defense lawyer/counselor 被告辩护律师【（三）、违法】【案件种类】case 案件crime - criminal adj.a criminal case 刑事案件a civil case民事案件【行为/罪名--criminal behavior】guilt n. [Antonym] innocence guilty adj. [Antonym]innocentguilty of a crime/chargeinnocent of a crime/chargecommit a crime violate a criminal lawmurder 谋杀罪 first-degree murder (deliberately)一级谋杀罪；故意杀人罪manslaughter (not intentionally) 一般杀人罪；过失杀人罪forgery 伪造罪 sexual harassment 性骚扰malfeasance 渎职罪criminal: n. 罪犯 a convicted criminal ：one who has been judged guilty in a court of law a hardened criminal ：someone who has committed many crimes stab v. 用刀具行凶，捅，刺 to kill or hurt someone by pushing a knife or other sharp object into their body stab someone to death 刺死flick knife /switch blade/knife 弹簧刀mug v. =rob 抢劫 to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewellery, or other possessions 【（四）、程序】【逮捕】arrestpick up ：to arrest someone and take them away in a car 【调查】investigationconduct a criminal investigation intocriminal proceedings ：the process of examining a crime in a court of lawcross-examination 【诉讼】find someone guilty/not guilty ofsomething :officially decide that they are guilty/not guiltyto be charged with/to be accused ofto accuse sb. of certain crimecharge v. to charge sb. with certain crime be charged with (doing) sth e.g. They are the jury forthe trial of a boy charged with murdering his father.prosecute -prosecution n. to prosecute sb. for sth. face prosecution overto bring a prosecution against sb. 对…提起诉讼escape prosecutioncriminal charges ：official statements saying that sb is accused by the police of committing a crime claim v. to say that someone’s actions are the cause of something 【法庭种类】a criminal court刑事法庭,e.g. The scene is a jury room in a criminal court.a civil court 民事法庭children’s court 少年法庭The Supreme Court 最高法院【监督】supervise 监督【作证】to testify v.作证 to make a statement about something you saw, know, or experienced, usually in a court of law testify for/against someone testimony 证词proofdefinite proof provide the proofpresent the proofevidence 证据，证物 to identify 鉴别flimsy adj. not very reliable flimsy evidence accurate adj. correct or true in every detail unshakable adj. 不可动摇的 self-contradiction 自相矛盾alibi n. 不在场的证据 someone who has an alibi can prove that they were somewhere else when a crime was committed and so can claim to be not guilty 【庭审】question v.questi on/suspect sb’s motive【辩护】to defend sb为…辩护to refute 反驳--refutable adj.--refutation n. 【陪审团讨论】the jury 陪审团a grand jury 大陪审团the juror 陪审团成员the jury room 陪审室discuss - discussion 讨论proposal 提议vote 投票abstain v. 弃权vote for/in favor of/againsttake a preliminary vote e.g. I think it’s customary to take a preliminary voteanalyze 分析assume v. 假定ballot n. 无记名投票to argue with 争论agreement 一致意见disagreement 反对意见a reasonable doubtto hang the jury: to make the jury unable to reach a unanimous decisiondeclare a hung juryreach a unanimous decisionbe deemed innocent/guilty 被认为无罪/有罪prove innocent/guilty 被证明无罪/有罪【审判】guilty/ not guilty(innocent)trial/ the jury trial 审判a fair trialset free / acquitted 无罪释放admit v. agree that something is true 承认plead guilty to something : say that you areguilty e.g. He pleaded guilty to all charges. 【（五）、处罚--punishment】【场所】reform school 感化院,jail/ prison n.监狱【方式】jail v. to put someone in jail to be in jailjail someone for somethinggo/ be sent to jailto serve a jail termbe executedthe executionerto pull the switchto send sb. to the chair =send someone to the electric chair /to sentence sb. to be electrocuted 电刑 to sentence sb. to death give the sentence 施刑get out of jail 【其他】have the right to do 有权 on behalf of 代表draft 法案，草案 Government bill 政府议案 to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案 to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律 ratification, confirmation 批准 law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效 decree 法令 clause 条款minutes 备忘录 report 判例汇编 codification 法律汇编legislation 立法 legislator 立法者 jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学 legitimation 合法化 legality, lawfulness 法制，合法 legal, lawful 合法的,依法的 to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法 outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的 offender 罪犯 to abolish 废止，取消 rescission, annulment 废除，取消 repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律)cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废 annulment 撤消(遗嘱) repeal rescission 撤消(判决) revocation 撤消immunity 豁免，豁免权 disability, legal incapacity 无资格 nonretroactive character 不溯既往性 prescription 剥夺公权 attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法 canon law 教会法规 common law 习惯法 criminal law 刑法 administrative law 行政法civil law 民法 commercial law, mercantile law 商法 law of nations 万国公法，国际法 international law 国际法natural law 自然法 labour laws 劳工法 fiscal law 财政法 Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Military Law 军法 Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法 penal code 刑法典 code of mercantile law 商法典 civil rights 民事权利，公民权利right of asylum 避难权 human rights, rights of man 人权 (customs) duties 关税 death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税。

法律英语词汇大全在法律领域，理解和掌握法律英语词汇是非常重要的。

本文将为您提供一个全面的法律英语词汇大全，以帮助您更好地理解和应用法律英语。

一、法律系统与机构1. Legal system - 法律体系2. Judiciary - 司法机关3. Court - 法院4. Judge - 法官5. Lawyer/attorney - 律师/律师6. Prosecutor - 检察官7. Plaintiff - 原告8. Defendant - 被告9. Jury - 陪审团10. Witness - 证人二、合同法1. Contract - 合同2. Offer - 供应3. Acceptance - 接受4. Consideration - 对价5. Mutual assent - 相互同意6. Breach of contract - 违约7. Performance - 履行8. Termination - 终止9. Damages - 损害赔偿三、刑法1. Crime - 犯罪2. Offense - 违反3. Felony - 重罪4. Misdemeanor - 轻罪5. Homicide - 杀人罪6. Robbery - 抢劫罪7. Theft - 盗窃罪8. Assault - 袭击罪9. Burglary - 入室盗窃罪10. Arson - 纵火罪四、知识产权1. Intellectual property - 知识产权2. Patent - 专利3. Trademark - 商标4. Copyright - 版权5. Infringement - 侵权6. Royalties - 版权使用费五、公司法1. Corporation - 公司2. Shareholder - 股东3. Board of directors - 董事会4. Corporate governance - 公司治理5. Merger - 合并6. Acquisition - 收购7. IPO (Initial Public Offering) - 首次公开发行六、国际法1. International law - 国际法2. Treaty - 条约3. Diplomacy - 外交4. Sovereignty - 主权5. Human rights - 人权6. United Nations - 联合国7. World Trade Organization - 世界贸易组织七、家庭法1. Family law - 家庭法2. Divorce - 离婚3. Child custody - 子女抚养权4. Alimony - 赡养费5. Prenuptial agreement - 婚前协议6. Domestic violence - 家庭暴力八、地产法1. Property law - 房地产法2. Real estate - 房地产3. Landlord - 房东4. Tenant - 租户5. Lease agreement - 租赁协议6. Eviction - 驱逐九、金融法1. Financial law - 金融法2. Banking - 银行业3. Insurance - 保险4. Securities - 证券5. Insider trading - 内幕交易6. Money laundering - 洗钱十、法律程序1. Legal procedure - 法律程序2. Jurisdiction - 司法管辖权3. Due process - 正当程序4. Statute of limitations - 诉讼时效5. Appeal - 上诉6. Habeas corpus - 人身保护令总结：本文提供了一个全面的法律英语词汇大全，包含了法律体系与机构、合同法、刑法、知识产权、公司法、国际法、家庭法、地产法、金融法以及法律程序等方面的常用词汇。

habeas corpus 人身保护令状hearsay evidence 传闻证据high court of justice 高级法院holding 法院判决house of lords 上议院house of commons 下议院hearing 听证会impeach 质疑证人的可信度impleader 第三人诉讼implied promise 默示承诺in personam jurisdiction 对人诉讼independent source rules 独立咨询取得的证据indictment 起诉inductive reasoning 归纳法inevitable discovery rule 当然发现原则inferior court 美国联邦法院第一级法院统称小法院information 检察官的起诉状in good faith 诚信善意原则injunction 禁止命令instruction 法官向陪审团作指示interlocutory appeal 中间上诉intermediate appellate court 中间上诉法院inerrogatory 诘问的问题issues 争点joint and several liability 连带赔偿责任judicial act 司法法案judicial committee of the privy council 枢密院司法委员会judgement on the verdict 确定原判决judgement notwithstanding the verdict 自行判决jurisdiction over the subjuct matter 对物诉讼jury 陪审团juvenile court 青少年法院judgement 法官作成的判决king's bench division 王室法庭king's council国王的咨询会议。

case law 案例法cause of action 起诉理由chancellor衡平法官chancery division 衡平法庭circuit court 巡回法院civil law 大陆法civil right act 人权法案civil procedure 民事诉讼法clerk书记官closing argument 诉讼结论co－defedant共同被告common law 普通法、习惯法、一致法、共同法compurgation宣誓采证法compurgatory宣誓采证法中的证人complaint起诉状concurrent jurisdiction 竞合管辖权consideration约因consortium婚姻生活权；配偶权；亲权contempt of court 藐视法庭罪contract under seal 封印契约contributory negligence 加工过失corpusjurissecundum美国法律百科全书counterclaim反诉court of common pleas 民诉法院court of king's bench 王室法院court of exchequer 财务法院court of exchequer chamber 财务上诉法院country court 乡镇法院court of common bench 民诉法院court of chancery 衡平法院court of justice of the peace 地方治安法院court of probate 遗嘱继承法院court of divorce 婚姻法院court of appeal in chancery 衡平上诉法院court of crown cases reserved 皇室上诉法院court of assize 巡回法院court of outside the united kingdom 英国境外各法院court of first instance 第一审法院court of second instance 第二审法院court of the international trade 国际贸易法院court of appeals for the federal circuit 联邦巡回上诉法院covenant封印契约赔偿令状cross claim 被告间诉讼crossexamnation复向对方提出之证人curiaregis国王的法院damages损害赔偿debt返还确定金钱的令状decree衡平法院作成的判决deductive reasoning 演绎法defaultjudgement一造判决defendant被告defendant in error 被上诉人demurrer驳回deposition诘问内容作成的笔录detinue非法留置的动产回复令状dialectical reasoning 论理（辩证）方法direct examination 诘问自己提出辩证direct verdict 法官指示陪审团作出直接判决discovery process 发现程序dismiss驳回dissenting opinion 不同意见书district court 地方法院diversity jurisdiction 多元管辖权docket案件登陆dual system 双轨并行制度due process 正当程序。

汉英法律专业词汇1. 引言本文档旨在整理汉英法律专业常用的词汇，以供学习和参考之用。

法律领域的专业术语对于翻译、理解和分析法律文件至关重要。

通过掌握这些词汇，读者将能更好地理解法律文件，并在跨文化交流中进行有效的沟通。

2. 法律制度和组织•法律制度：Legal system•宪法：Constitution•刑法：Criminal law•民法：Civil law•行政法：Administrative law •国际法：International law •司法体系：Judicial system •最高法院：Supreme Court •刑事诉讼：Criminal procedure •民事诉讼：Civil procedure •诉讼程序：Legal proceedings•律师: Lawyer•法官: Judge•检察官: Prosecutor3. 合同法•合同：Contract•合同主体：Parties to a contract •订立合同：Enter into a contract •合同条款：Contract clause•无效合同：Void contract•有效合同：Valid contract•违约：Breach of contract•合同解除：Termination of contract•争议解决：Dispute resolution•法律适用：Governing law•合同违约赔偿：Contractual damages 4. 知识产权•专利：Patent•商标：Trademark•著作权：Copyright•商业秘密：Trade secret•侵权：Infringement•专利申请：Patent application•商标注册：Trademark registration•著作权登记：Copyright registration•知识产权保护：Intellectual property protection•颁发专利证书：Grant a patent certificate •撤销专利：Invalidation of a patent5. 公司法•公司：Company•股份有限公司：Limited liability company •董事会：Board of Directors•董事：Director•股东：Shareholder•公司章程：Articles of Association•注册资本：Registered capital•股权转让：Transfer of shares•股东会议：Shareholders’ meeting•公司清盘：Liquidation of a company6. 人权法•人权：Human rights•平等：Equality•自由：Freedom•法律权利：Legal rights•政治权利：Political rights•经济权利：Economic rights•社会权利：Social rights•歧视：Discrimination•言论自由：Freedom of speech•宗教自由：Freedom of religion•雇佣歧视：Employment discrimination 7. 犯罪和刑事司法•犯罪：Crime•刑事责任：Criminal liability•盗窃：Theft•谋杀：Murder•袭击：Assault•妨碍司法公正：Obstruction of justice•罚款：Fine•判刑：Sentencing•缓刑：Probation•无罪释放：Acquittal8. 婚姻和家庭法•婚姻：Marriage•离婚：Divorce•配偶：Spouse•夫妻共同财产：Marital property •孩子抚养权：Child custody•探视权：Visitation rights•婚前协议：Prenuptial agreement•家暴：Domestic violence•遗嘱：Will•遗产分配：Inheritance distribution 9. 国际法•合同国家：Contracting state•条约：Treaty•国际公约：International convention •外交豁免权：Diplomatic immunity •战争犯罪：War crimes•领土争端：Territorial dispute•领事：Consul•外交关系：Diplomatic relations•人道主义法：Humanitarian law•国际仲裁：International arbitration以上是汉英法律专业常用词汇的简要介绍，希望能为读者提供参考和学习的资料。

法院实用英语词汇The International Court of Justice (ICJ) 联合国国际法院Jurisdiction审判权司法权the UN Security Council联合国安全理事会 veto power否决权Command theory 指挥理论customary law 习惯法 jus cogens 强行法 adjourn：延期再审 alibi：不在现场证明 appeal :上诉appear （in M㈠㈤;出庭bailiff：庭丁，（法庭）警卫by-law：条例，细则clause：法律条款defendant：被告dismerit（traffic offense point）：（交通违规记）缺点driving under influence：嗑药后驾驶driving while intoxicated （DWI）：酒醉后驾驶 evidence：证据fine：罚锾first offense：初犯hear：（法官）审理hit and run：肇事后逃离现场illegal parking：违规停车indict：起诉jaywalking：违规穿越马路judge：法官negligent driving：不小心驾驶parallel parking：平行停车perjury：伪证plead guilty ［not 8山心丫］：认罪［不认罪］preside：（法官）列席recess：休庭reckless driving：鲁莽驾驶「山皿8：裁决run the red light：闯红灯speeding：驾车超速take an。

2计：宣誓testify：做证traffic court：交通法庭traffic regulations：交通规则traffic violation：交通违规民商法学与经济法学专业词汇按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment办理注销登记：cancel the registration 被代理人：the principal被侵权人 the infringed本人名义：in one,s name标的 subject matter补偿制度 compensation system不动产登记制 Lot and Block System 财产法 property law财产的添附 accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权 property mortgage财产继承权：the right of inheritance 财产关系和人身关系：propertyrelations hips and personal relationships 财产管理人 property administrator; cu stodian of property 财产混同 confusion; hotchpot财产留置权encumbrance 采用书面形式：in writing 仓单 warehouse voucher草签合同 initial a contract; sign a r eferendum contract; ad referendum con tract长期合同 long-term contract偿付能力 solvency capability of reimb ursement超越代理权：beyond the scope of one's power of agency撤消合同 cancellation of contract?撤销合同 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权 right of rescission; right of revocation撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠 cancellation o will; revocationi of will承运人 actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权carrier’s lien诚信原则 principle of good faith诚实信用原则：principle honesty and cr edibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faithprinciple ; bo na fide principle 船舶承租人charterer船舶抵押权 right of mortgage with res pect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage船舶抵押权的设定establishment of mor tgage of the ship船舶抵押的消灭extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权登记registration of ship m ortgage船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of s hip村民委员会：the village committee 惩罚性的损害赔偿punitive damages 乘人之危：take advantage of one,s unf avorable position处分财产 dispose of properties 处分权act of disposition 处分原则 principle of disposition 代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by代理权终止：the expiration of one, s p ower of agency单独承担的责任undivided responsibili ty单方法律行为 unilateral obligation 单方行政行为 unilateral administrativ e act等价有偿：making compensation for equal value对等原则 U principle of reciprocity对价 consideration 对抗措施 counter measure对人权 right in personam; personal rig ht对世权 real right; right in rem恶意串通：conspire maliciously恶意行为 ill will mala fides法人 judicial person; legal body法人的权利能力legal capacity of juri stic person法人的责任能力 capacity for responsib ility of juristic person法人权限 corporate power法人人格 corporate personality法人身份 status of a legal person法人团体corporation法人资格 corporate capacity法人组织章程：the articles of associat ion of the legal person负共同连带责任liable jointly and sev erally负全部责任 bear all responsibilities; in all charge负有解释的义务accountable负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors附带的条件incident附带要求 contingent claim附带原因 contributory cause; inherent cause附条件的民事法律行为：conditionalcivil juristic acts附条件的权利conditional right 赋予权力entitle个体工商户：individual businesses个人合伙：individual partnership 各尽所能，按劳分配from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs给付定金： leave a deposit with theoth er party工商行政管理机关：the administrative a gency for industry and commerce公民基本义务 fundamental duties of ci tizens合同 contract合同法 contract law合同副本 copies of the contract合同规定 contract provisions/stipulat ions合同履行地法 lex loci contractus合同期限 contract period (or contract term)合同条款 contract terms (or contract c lause)合同有效期contract life合同正本 originals of the contract合伙人：partners合议制 collegial system核准登记的经营范围：within the range a pproved and registered恢复原状 recovery of original state; restitution; restoration of he origin al conditions; retitutio in integrum 集体所有制企业：an enterprise underco llective ownership技术合同纠纷案件controversy over a t echnology contract监护人：guardian经主管机关核准登记：approved andregis tered by the competentauthority 居民委员会：the neighborhood committee 履行监护职责：fulfill duty of guardian ship埋藏物、隐藏物：buried or concealed ob ject买卖、出租、抵押、转让：besold, lease d, mortgaged or transferred农村承包经营户：leaseholding farm hous eholds 平等主体：civil subjects with equal st atus企业法人被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person企业法人分立、合并：the division and m erger of an enterprise as legal person企业法人解散：disbanding of an enterpr ise as legal person契约自由 liberty of contract取得不当得利：profits acquired imprope rly and without a lawful basis取得法人资格：be qualified as a legal person全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people让与alien; alienate; assign; cede 让与的利益 benefit of cession 让与权benefit of cessioni设定义务的规则rule of imposing duty设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish, c hange or terminate civilrelationship 所有权 ownership书面合同 a written contract双倍返还定金：repay the deposit in dou ble双方法律行为 bilateral legal transact ion擅自变更或者解除(民事法律行为)：alte r or rescind one’s act arbitrarily他物权 right over the property of ano ther提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a spec ific property as a pledge违反合同 breach of contract委托代理：entrusted agency委托代理人：an entrusted agent无过错责任 liability without negligen ce无民事行为能力人：a person having noc apacity for civil conduct无因管理：act as manager or provide se rvices in order to protect another pe rson’ s interests when he is not legal ly or contractually obligated to do so下落不明one’ s whereabouts have been unknown限制民事行为能力人：a person withlimi ted capacity for civil conduct 享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of the joint creditors行使代理权：exercise the power of agen cy宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人：declar e …to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil condu ct遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects, flotsam以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还：to keep the pledge tooffs et the debt or have priority in satis fying his claim out of the proceeds f rom the sale of the pledge 以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which co nceal illegitimate purposes以欺诈、胁迫的手段：as a result of che ating or coercion意思表示 show one,s intention意思表示真实：the intention expressed is genuine优先购买的权利：a right of pre-emption 优先权 priority, preemptive right 有过错的一方：the erring party 有连带责任的 conjunctly and severally 有权向债务人追偿：have the right tocl aim repayment from the debto造成财产损失： cause any property loss 责任能力 capacity for responsibility 责任年龄 capacity of responsibility; year of discretion债的标的 object of obligation债的发生 creation of obligation债的消灭 extinction of obligation占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor sh all have a lien on the property 指定代理：appointed agency执行合同 carry out a contract,?? exec ute/implement/fulfill/perform a contr act主要办事机构：the main administrative office追偿：claim compensation from 住所：domicile刑法学和行政法学专业词汇帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据罪crime of ai ding a client to destroy or forge evi dence绑架妇女儿童罪crime of kidnapping wo men and children包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪crime of ha rboring a mafia-style syndicate包庇毒品犯罪分子罪 crime of harboring drug criminals报复陷害罪 case of retaliation andfra me-ups必要共同犯罪 indispensable joint crime并科原则 doctrine of cumulating punis hments剥夺权利 deprival of rights不能犯 impossibility; unrealized offense参加恐怖活动组织罪crime of taking part in an organization engaged in terr orist activities超越管辖权 excess of jurisdiction 超越职权范围overstep one’ s authority 惩办和宽大相结合combine punishment wi th leniency惩办少数、改造多数的原则principle of punishing the few and reforming the many惩罚措施 punitive measure惩罚性制裁 punitive sanction惩罚与教育相结合combination of punis hment and education处以刑罚 inflict punishment处以有期徒刑 sentence to fixed-term i mprisonment触犯法律 break the law; violate the law抽逃出资罪 crime of flight of capital contribution抽象行政行为 abstract administrative act出口骗税犯罪活动criminal activitiesof cheating out of tax rebates in exp ort出售伪造发票罪crime of selling count erfeit currency出于对法律的无知 from ignorance of law出于恶意from malevolence从轻处罚gie a lesser punishment从重处罚 give a severer punishment 单位受贿罪 crime of bribe taken by a unit单一犯罪构成 single constitution of c rime盗伐林木罪 crime of illegally choppin g down trees; crime of illegally fell ing trees盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪crime o f stealing or seizing guns, ammunitio n or explosives 盗窃犯 theft act; larcenist渎职犯罪案件 case of dereliction of du ty对象不能犯 object impossibility多次作案repeatedly commit crimes 罚不当罪 punishment does not fit the crime犯意 criminal intent; mens real犯罪低龄化 lowering ages of criminal offenders犯罪动机 criminal motive犯罪构成 constitution of a crime; con stitutive elements of a crime犯罪构成要件 special constitutive ele ments of crime犯罪故意 criminal intent; guilty inte nt; meas rea犯罪集团 criminal gang; criminal grou p犯罪客观要件 objective circumstances of a crime犯罪客体 criminal object; object of a crime犯罪实行终了 completion of a criminal act犯罪学 criminology犯罪预防 crime prevention犯罪中止 discontinuance of crime; des istance of crime犯罪主观方面要素subjective elements of crime犯罪主体 subject of crime犯罪着手 initiate a crime犯罪组织 criminal organization贩卖毒品罪drug offense; crime of dru g trafficking防卫过当 unjustifiable self-defense 防卫挑拨 instigation of defense; prov ocation of defense防卫限度 limit of defense防止类似事件重演prevent the recurren ce of similar incidents妨碍公务罪 crime of disrupting public service妨害公共安全罪 crime of impairing pub lic security放弃权利 withdraw a claim; waive a ri ght非法持、私藏枪支、弹药罪crime of ille gally holding or hiding a firearm or ammunition非法持有毒品罪 crime of illegally hol ding drugs非法干涉 illegal intervention非法干预 unlawful interference非法出售增值税专用发票罪crime of ill egal selling invoice for exclusive us e of VAT非法活动 unlawful activities非法利益 unlawful interests非法手段illegal means非强制性行政行为non-coercive form of administrative action非正式的 informal; irregular非政府机关 non-governmental organizat ion非主要条件 non-essential stipulation 非专业的 non-professional诽谤罪 crime of defamation隔地犯 offense of segregation by loca tion隔时犯 offense of segregation by time 工具不能犯 impossibility of instrumen ts故意犯罪 calculated crime; intentiona l crime故意杀人罪 crime of intentional homic ide故意伤害罪 crime of willful and malic ious injury 管辖：jurisdiction惯犯 habitual criminal惯例 custom and usage过失犯罪 criminal negligence; involun tary crime; negligent crime国家赔偿案件 case of state compensation国家赔偿的归责原则principle of culpa bility for state compensation国家赔偿的双重过错原则principle of d ual faults for state compensation 国家赔偿法 state compensation law国家赔偿主体 subject of state compens ation国家权力机关state authority国际审判机关 state judicial organs 国家行政机关 state administrative organs国家意志state’s will国家职能 function of the state国民待遇 national treatment黑社会性质的犯罪集团gangland crimina l syndicate; mafia-style criminal gan g缓期二年执行 with a two-year reprieve 缓开 probate cessat executio集合犯aggregate offense; collective offense既遂犯 accomplished crime继承法 inheritance law继续犯 continuous crime力口重处罚give an aggravated punishmen t beyond the maximum prescribed假冒他人注册商标罪crime of counterfe iting the registered trademark of ano ther假释parole假想防卫 imaginative defense假想数罪 imaginatively several crimes 简单共同犯罪 simple joint crime间接故意 indirect intent; indirect ii ntentino教唆未遂 attempt of solicitation 劫持船只、汽车罪crime of hijacking a ship or an automobile劫持航空器罪 crime of skyjacking结果犯 consequential offen结果加重犯 aggregated consequential o ffense结合犯 combinative crime; integrated offense se拒不执行人民法院判决、裁定罪crime of refusing o execute judgments or order s of the People’s Court具结悔过 make a statement of repentence具体行政行为 specific administrative act具体罪名 concrete accusation绝对不确定法定刑absolutely indetermi nate statutory punishment军人违反职责罪crimes of soldiers vio lating military dutie抗税罪 offense of resisting taxes 客体不能犯 object impossibility空白罪状 blank facts about a crime 滥伐林木罪 crime of illegal denudation累犯 recidivist; repeat offender; cum ulative offense连续犯罪 continuing crime量刑 criterion for sentencing; senten cing criterion量刑不当 criterion for sentence量刑幅度 extent for discretionary act ion of sentencing虐待罪 crime of abusing member of on e,s family 挪用公款案 case of misappropriation o f public funds偶犯 casual offender; casual offense情节加重犯 aggravated offense by circ umstances情节特别严重 when the circumstances a re particularly wicked情节严重、构成犯罪的when the circumst ances are so serious as to constitute a crime取保候审 post a bail and await trial with restricted liberty of moving 扰乱公共场所秩序罪crime of disturbin g order at public places刑法 criminal law刑罚 penalty; punishment刑事责任能力criminal capacity行政法 administrative law; executive law行政法规 administrative laws and regu lations行政法学 administrative jurisprudence 彳亍政解释 administrativeinterpretation行政救济 administrative remedy预防犯罪anti-crime治安管理 security administration治安条例 security regulations法律专业词汇中英对照之A,Baction of debt债务诉讼acquit无罪adjourn暂时停止执行administrative decision 行政判决结果ad damnum主张一定数额的赔偿金 adverse judgement 不利的判决 affidavit传票送达人所写的切结书 affirm?确定原判决affirm defence积极的抗辩 agency stage 行政机关的裁决agency hearing 听证会allegation主张的事实american law 美国法an ex parte hearing 一方当事人到庭说明an adversary hearing双方当事人到庭辩论answer答辩状appellate jurisdiction 上诉管辖权appeal上诉appellant?上诉人appellee?被上诉人appropriate 永久占有arrest the judgement暂时终止法院判决结果arraignment刑事案件法官与当事人之间安排案件的程序assigned counsel?公设辩护人assumpsit 承诺履行bailment寄托制度bail?保释beyond the reasonable doubt?超越合理的怀疑bill of Middlesex早期诉讼当事人向国王秘书处申请的令状，同意发给后才能到国王法院进行诉讼bailliff法庭内的法警bias?偏见bench of conference到法官室或法官面前进行会议bond提供担保burden of proof 举证责任case law案例法cause of action?起诉理由chancellor?衡平法官chancery division?衡平法庭circuit court巡回法院civil law?大陆法civil right act 人权法案civil procedure民事诉讼法clerk书记官closing argument 诉讼结论co—defedant共同被告common law普通法、习惯法、一致法、共同法compurgation宣誓采证法compurgatory宣誓采证法中的证人complaint起诉状concurrent jurisdiction 竞合管辖权consideration 约因consortium婚姻生活权；配偶权；亲权contempt of court 藐视法庭罪 contract under seal 封印契约 contributory negligence 力口工过失 corpus juris secundum美国法律百科全书counterclaim 反诉court of common pleas 民诉法院 court of king's bench? 王室法院 court of exchequer?财务法院 court of exchequer chamber?财务上诉法院country court乡镇法院court of common bench 民诉法院court of chancery 衡平法院court of justice of the peace 地方治安法院court of probate遗嘱继承法院court of divorce 婚姻法院court of appeal in chancery 彳衡平上诉法院court of crown cases reserved 皇室上诉法院court of assize 巡回法院court of outside the united kingdom 英国境外各法院court of first instance 第一审法院court of second instance 第二审法院court of the international trade 国际贸易法院court of appeals for the federal circ uit联邦巡回上诉法院covenant封印契约赔偿令状cross claim被告间诉讼cross examnation?复向对方提出之证人curia regis 国王的法院damages损害赔偿debt返还确定金钱的令状decree衡平法院作成的判决deductive reasoning 演绎法 default judgement 一造判决 defendant 被告defendant in error 被上诉人demurrer 驳回deposition诘问内容作成的笔录detinue非法留置的动产回复令状dialectical reasoning 论理（辩证）方法 direct examination 诘问自己提出辩证 direct verdict法官指示陪审团作出直接判决discovery process 发现程序dismiss 驳回dissenting opinion 不同意见书district court 地方法院diversity jurisdiction 多元管辖权docket案件登陆 dual system双轨并行制度 due process 正当程序ejectment不动产侵害令状en banc法院全体法官共同审理 equatible right衡平上的权利 equatible defence 衡平抗辩 estate遗产ex post facto溯及既往expert witness 专家证人express mention明示其一排除其他原则expressio unius est exclusio alterius 明示其一排除其他原则exclusive jurisdiction 排他的管辖权exclusionary rule?证据排除法则 eyre system巡回制度felony重罪foreman of jury陪审团主席forms of action严格的诉讼形式forum法院fountain of all justices 正义的源泉freehould interest in land 对土地有完全权利者general assumpsit不当得利令状general jurisdiction 一般管辖权geografhic jurisdiction 地域管辖权grand jury大陪审团habeas corpus人身保护令状hearsay evidence? 传闻证据high court of justice 高级法院holding?法院判决 house of lords 上议院 house of commons 下议院 hearing听证会impeach质疑证人的可信度impleader第三人诉讼implied promise 默示承诺in personam jurisdiction 对人诉讼independent source rules 独立咨询取得的证据indictment 起诉inductive reasoning 归纳法inevitable discovery rule 当然发现原则inferior court美国联邦法院第一级法院统称小法院information检察官的起诉状in good faith诚信善意原则injunction禁止命令instruction法官向陪审团作指示interlocutory appeal 中间上诉intermediate appellate court 中间上诉法院inerrogatory诘问的问题issues?争点joint and several liability 连带赔偿责任judicial act司法法案judicial committee of the privy counc il枢密院司法委员会judgement on the verdict 确定原判决judgement notwithstanding the verdict 自行判决jurisdiction over the subjuct matter 对物诉讼jury陪审团juvenile court 青少年法院 judgement法官作成的判决。