全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之议论文

专题04阅读理解之议论文（一）（2021·辽宁葫芦岛·高二期末）Staying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against getting sick, a new American study suggests.In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny character were less likely to fail ill.The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help ward off the common cold and other illness.“People with a positive emotional style may have different immune（免疫的）responses to the virus,” explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe.”Cohen and his colleagues has found in a previous study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional quality itself had the effect.For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality qualities, physicals health and “emotional style”.Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy–going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile （敌意的）had a negative style.Afterwards, the researchers gave them nose drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus that causes flu-like symptoms. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing they had. Cohen and his colleagues found that happy people were less likely to develop a cold.What`s more, when happy folks did develop a cold, their symptoms were less severe than expected based on objective measures.In contrast, people with negative characters were not at increased risk of developing a cold based on objective measures, though they did tend to get down about their symptoms.“We find that it`s really positive emotions that have the big effect,” Cohen said, “not the negative ones.”So can a bad-tempered person fight a cold by deciding to be happy?1．What does the underlined phrase "ward off" in paragraph 3 mean?A．Get close to.B．Keep away from.C．Get used to.D．Go on with.2．What was the purpose of Cohen's new study?A．To find effective ways to fight illnesses.B．To test people's different immune responses to cold virus.C．To tell differences between happy people and unhappy people.D．To examine whether health was related to emotional styles,3．How did Cohen reach his conclusion?A．By comparing different experimental results.B．By asking the volunteers to complete n form.C．By collecting data among people with n cold.D．By observing the volunteers' symptoms.4．What can we conclude from the text?A．Success is the twin of positive spirits.B．We get more by being more positive.C．The happier we are, the fewer colds we will suffer.D．Physical health is more important than mental health.【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C【解析】这是一篇议论文。

议论文篇（2018年全国IC）Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.z.x.xkAlready well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patters.D. They were closely connected29. Which of the following best explains "dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？A. Complex.B. Advanced.C. Powerful.D. Modern.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?A. About 6,800.B. About 3,400.C. About 2,400.D. About 1,200.31. What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC. Human development results in fewer languages.D. Geography determines language evolution.【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. C议论文篇（2018年全国IID）We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortablesilence.What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’teven exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂he says.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D 35. C【解析】这是一篇议论文。

专题五：高考阅读体裁篇备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破考向3 议论文Passage 1 （2021·全国·高考真题）Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the stud y found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”1．What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?A．They're unfair. B．They're conservative.C．They're objective. D．They're strict.2．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A．They think themselves smart.B．They look up to great thinkers.C．They see gender differences earlier than boys.D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs3．Why are more geniuses known to the public?A．Improved global communication.B．Less discrimination against women.C．Acceptance of victors' concepts.D．Changes in people's social positions.4．What is the best title for the text?A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many FormsC．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and LuckPassage 2 （2021·北京·北师大实验中学三模）In 1953, when visiting his daughter’s maths class, the Harvard psycholo gist B．F. Skinner found every pupil learning the same topic in the same way at the same speed. Later, he built his first “teaching machine”, which let children tackle questions at their own pace. Since then, education technology (edtech) has repeated the cycle of hype and flop (炒作和失败), even as computers have reshaped almost every other part of life.Softwares to “personalize” learning can help hundreds of millions of children stuck in miserable classes—but only if edtech supporters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how children learn. Alternatives have so far failed to teach so many children as efficiently as the conventional model of schooling, where classrooms, hierarchical year-groups, standardized curriculums and fixed timetables are still the typical pattern for most of the world’s nearly 1.5 billion schoolchildren. Under this pattern, too many do not reach their potential. That condition remained almost unchanged over the past 15 years, though billions have been spent on IT in schools during that period.What really matters then? The answer is how edtech is used. One way it can help is through tailor-made instruction. Reformers think edtech can put individual attention within reach of all pupils. The other way edtech can aid learning is by making schools more productive. In California schools, instead of textbooks, pupils have “playlists”, which they use to access online lessons and take tests. The software assesses children’s progress, lightening teachers’ marking load and allowing them to focus on other tasks. A study suggested that children inearly adopters of this model score better in tests than their peers at other schools.Such innovation is welcome. But making the best of edtech means getting several things right. First, “personalized learning” must fo llow the evidence on how children learn. It must not be an excuse to revive pseudoscientific ideas such as “learning styles”: the theory that each child has a particular way of taking in information. This theory gave rise to government-sponsored schemes like Brain Gym, which claimed that some pupils should stretch or bend while doing sums. A less consequential falsehood is that technology means children do not need to learn facts or learn from a teacher—instead they can just use Google. Some educationalists go further, arguing that facts get in the way of skills such as creativity. Actually, the opposite is true. According to studies, most effective ways of boosting learning nearly all relied on the craft of a teacher.Second, edtech must narrow, rather than widen, inequalities in education. Here there are grounds for optimism. Some of the pioneering schools are private ones in Silicon Valley. But many more are run by charter-school groups teaching mostly poor pupils, where laggards (成绩落后者) make the most progress relative to their peers in normal classes. A similar pattern can be observed outside America.Third, the potential for edtech will be realized only if teachers embrace it. They are right to ask for evidence that products work. But skepticism should not turn into irrational opposition. Given what edtech promises today, closed-mindedness has no place in the classroom.5．According to the passage, education technology can ________.A．decrease teachers’ working loadB．facilitate personalized learningC．help standardize curriculumsD．be loved by schoolchildren6．Which example best argues against the underlined sentence in Para. 4?A．The students who are better at memorization tend to be less creative.B．Schools with bans on phones have better results than high-tech ones.C．Shakespeare was trained in grammar but he penned many great plays.D．Lu Xun’s creativity was unlocked after he gave up studying medicine.7．The author believes that edtech functions well only when it is ________.A．at the service of teachingB．limited in use among pupilsC．aimed at narrowing the wealth gapD．in line with students’ learning styles8．What is the main purpose of the passage?A．To stress the importance of edtech.B．To introduce the application of edtech.C．To discuss how to get the best out of edtech.D．To appeal for more open-mindedness to edtech.Passage 3 （2021·浙江·台州市书生中学模拟预测）“When I think of England, I think of the queen taking her dogs for walk in the countryside,” says Carsten Haferkamp, a dog-owning German working in London. Data from Tractive, a firm that provides GPS tracking for pets, show that Britons walk their dogs more than their European neighbors do.The British love for dog-walking may have more to do with the walking than the dogs. Britons are big walkers –they came fifth in the world in a study in 2017, the highest in Europe. Dogs provide walkers with company and a purpose, so it may be that walking encourages dog-ownership.But Julien Dugnoille, an expert at Exeter University, suspects dog-walking has a deeper significance. Dogs, he suggests, are a useful aid to a socially awkward nation. “Britons tend to have a chat with strangers and exchange a few jokes and comments about the weather without putting themselves in danger.”A tradition among the British nobles of owning and training dogs also leads Dr Dugnoille to assume thatdog-walking is a way to keep ancient honor. “When people in the park say Max is very well-behaved,” says Dr Dugnoille, “that is a way to show their authority in the art of dog training compared to those dog owners who are not in control of their own dog.”But it’s not just about showing off, in his view. He believes walking with one’s best friend creates a time and space where dogs and humans meet as species and connect as individuals.Still, Britons should not congratulate themselves too much on their behavior towards their dog companions. According to Dr Carri Westgarth of Liverpool University, “People say that a dog needs a walk every day, but they will find re asons why their dog doesn’t need a walk. They’ll say: he’s got company indoors, he’s nervous or he doesn’t like the rain.”9．The queen is mentioned in paragraph 1 to show _______.A．the queen’s love for dogs B．a foreigner’s impression of EnglandC．the British devotion to walking dogs D．the importance of dog-walking for Europeans10．What does Dr Dugnoille most probably agree with?A．Britons see dogs as protectors from danger.B．Dog-walking is related to the British traditional culture.C．Britons prefer to walk rather than walk the dog.D．Dog-walking is a close link between the British and nature.11．Dr Westgarth’s comment on the British dog-walking suggests that_______.A．Britons are proud of dog-walking B．dogs are a good companion for BritonsC．he is doubtful of the British love for dogs D．weather is a popular topic among Britons12．What would be the best title for the text?A．Love Your Dog, Walk Your Dog B．How Do Britons Walk Their Dogs?C．Opinions on Dog-Walking in Britain D．Why Do Britons Love to Walk Dogs?Passage 4 （2021·上海普陀·一模）A few years ago, Charles Barkley got into a lot of trouble for making the observation that sports figures didn't need to be role models. Thousands of fans and professional journalists were cross at this attack on the fundamental principle that the person who jumps highest must aim highest and the person who handles the running back must also be able to deal with life's problems with grace as well.The problem is not that we look to these people for perfection when they take off their uniforms. It's that we expect anyone to be our representatives for perfection. That's stupid and it makes the rest of us down here lazy.I get the importance of having heroes, the people who inspire us to cultivate the best potential within us and nurture our better angels. I personally have many heroes, from my mother, Lucy, to my favorite law professor, Howard. But these are personal contacts, people who have-actually touched my hand and my heart, and who occupy a pedestal（基座）built of my own experiences and aspirations. To look at an athlete or an actress with high salary and demand that he or she match our dreams is not only a waste of time, but it's dangerous. The danger comes in how this type of hero worship dehumanizes both the object of affection and the person who blindly adores. That was Barkley's point, not that we should give public figures a pass for being faulty but that we shouldn't abandon our own moral compasses and look to them for true north.Recently on a television program I participated in, the discussion turned to Kathleen Kane. Someone suggested that the fact that the first female attorney general（首席检察官）in Pennsylvania was really messing things up could have unfortunate consequences for women seeking elected office. I offered the opinion that Kane was unquestionably criticized and that it was not hatred towards woman but incompetence at the root of the attacks. After the show aired, I had people emailing to tell me that I was either a traitor（叛徒）for publicly attacking a fellow female when we need to stand together behind this "role model", or a fool for not going a step further to say that this incompetent lawyer had made it harder for all women to move to the next level.How depressing! Why should the inferior performance of one woman lead to such diverse but passionate views in people? The answer is obvious: Kane has stopped being an attorney general but has instead become The First Female Attorney General. She can't just make a mistake and pay the normal consequences.If we stopped trying to live our lives through the accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we'd learn how to recognize the heroic character of those we might actually know, and the heroic potential within ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity.13．Many people were angry with Charles Barkley mainly because________.A．he broke fundamental principles in life B．he was not good enough to be a role modelC．he doubted the perfection of some sports figures D．he thought sports figures could have weaknesses 14．According to Barkley, why is it dangerous to take public figures as heroes?A．Because we may let go of our own moral standards.B．Because an athlete or actress cannot match our dreams.C．Because we blindly admire public figures for their faults.D．Because we shouldn't waste time imitating public figures.15．From the passage we can infer that Kathleen Kane was________.A．unfairly criticized due to being female B．the first female attorney general in the USC．less qualified than the public had expected D．a role model for women seeking elected office16．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．Be Our Representatives for Perfection B．Exploration of Our Own Heroic PotentialC．Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public Figures D．Our Conventional Views of Female PoliticianPassage 5 （2021·重庆巴蜀中学二模）While the arts can' t stop the COVID-19 virus or the social unrest we see in the world today, they can give us insight into the choices we make when moving through crises and chaos. The arts invite everyone to think in new ways.We often experience works of art as something that's pleasing to our senses without a full understanding of the creative effort. Great art often shows us contradictions and crises, and we can learn a great deal from their resolutions(解决）). Through our understanding of art, we can gain a deeper understanding of how we might overcome our own challenges. In understanding extremes of contrast, we can see the beauty in art with themes that are not simply pleasing for their magnificent features or qualities.Beethoven offers a wonderful example of moving artfully through crises and chaos. He composed his Symphony No. 9 as his hearing loss became more and more pronounced. The opening of the symphony seems to come out of nowhere, from near silence in the opening to a full expression of what many consider to be the joy of freedom and universal brotherhood with Schiller’s Ode to joy（欢乐颂). Beethoven appears to have created a work of art that not only freed him from his personal struggles, but one that also speaks to the joy of living together in peace and harmony.Have a dialogue between the two opposing parts and you will find that they always start out fighting each other until we come to an appreciation of difference—a oneness of the two opposing forces. The arts offer many lessons that can help us gain the knowledge we need to move more confidently in today’ s competitive and uncertain environment. An openness to arts-based solutions will give you more control over your future. 17．What value does art have beyond pleasing people's senses?A．It brings people inner peace.B．It contributes to problem-solving.C．It reduces the possibility of crises.D．It deepens understanding of music.18．What can we learn about Beethoven's Symphony No. 9?A．It celebrates freedom and unity.B．It aims to show crises and chaos.C．It opens with Schiller's Ode to Joy.D．It is unfinished due to his hearing loss.19．What is the author's suggestion on dealing with conflicting forces?A．Leaving things as they are.B．Making a choice between them.C．Separating them from each other.D．Engaging them in a conversation.20．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．How COVID-19 changes artB．Essentials of Symphony No. 9C．Moving artfully through crisesD．Joy in the eyes of BeethovenPassage 6 （2021·辽宁·大连二十四中一模）Imagine possessing something that you loved so much. Imagine what it would feel like if you lost it. While that item may be something as simple as a toy, you would still feel very upset, but you could replace it with a new one. Now imagine losing something that you depend on for survival and cannot be replaced. That is what it would be like if we lost the natural environment around us.Firstly, I believe the environment should be protected because it supports human life. One of the largest examples is that we get all of our food and drinks from the environment. If the environment were to be destroyed beyond revival, then the human race would be over in months. Scientists have to find another planet with similar conditions to the Earth, and if it's found, we don’t have the technology to get to that planet in time.Secondly, I believe that the environment serves as an amazing educational tool for students. When I was in second grade, I had an absolute interest in animals. When we had a field trip to the Daggerwing Nature Center, I was very excited. When we got there, I could hardly believe what I was seeing. There was a bridge to get to the main building, and under the bridge was a small swamp (沼泽) with turtles, fish, and my personal favorite, alligators. I was so surprised that I almost ran into the tour guide. We walked into the building and saw various animals in their habitats. I was so inspired by this visit. Six years later, I have taken an animal behavior class for three weeks. Meeting by chance with the environment can inspire people, and if preserved, it will continue to inspire people.In conclusion, the environment is so valuable because it can't be replaced, keeps us alive, and serves as a great educational tool.21．The first paragraph leads to the theme of the text by________________.A．describing a process. B．presenting differences.C．analyzing causes. D．showing similarities.22．The underlined word “revival” in paragraph 2 refers to_________________.A．health. B．recovery.C．range. D．survival.23．What's the function of paragraph 3?A．To express the writer’s absolute interest in animals.B．To introduce the Daggerwing Nature Centers scenery.C．To show the environment can inspire and educate people.D．To prove the subject he has chosen is promising.24．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．Why the Environment Is So Important?B．Which Planet Can Replace the Earth?C．How People Should Protect the Environment?D．What People Can Do to Stop Pollution?Passage 7 （2021·江苏·盐城中学模拟预测）On May 1, 1926, Ford Motor Company became one of the first American companies to adopt a five-day,40-hour week. It was something workers and labor unions had been calling for. However, the five-day workweek was to increase productivity. With more time and money, workers were expected to buy and use the products they were making. Manufacturers soon followed Ford’s lead, and the Monday-to-Friday workweek became standard practice.Since then, everything has changed but the hours. Many people worked longer, which severely influenced health and well-being, as well as the environment. Until the Second World War, it was common for one person in a family, usually the oldest male, to work full-time. Women gradually made up 42 percent of the world’s full-time workforce. Later, technology made lots of work unnecessary, with computers and robots doing many tasks previously performed by humans.Well into the 21st century, we continue to work the same long hours as 20th century laborers, using up more ofEarth’s supply to produce more goods that we must keep working to buy, use and replace in a seemingly endless cycle of hard work and consumption. It’s time to pause and consider be tter ways to live like shifting fromfossil-fueled lifestyles with which our consumer-based workweeks are connected.The UK New Economics Foundation argues that a standard 21-hour workweek would address a number of interconnected problems: overwork, unemployment, over-consumption, high carbon emissions, low well-being, and the lack of time to live sustainably, to care for each other, and simply to enjoy life. Economic systems that require constant growth on a finite (有限的) planet make no sense. It’s time for a change in our economic thinking. 25．Why did Henry Ford shorten the workweek?A．To increase efficiency.B．To cut workers’ salaries.C．To end conflicts with workers.D．To create more job opportunities.26．What happened in the workforce after World War II?A．The oldest male had to work longer.B．Technology let people work more flexibly.C．Job positions were created due to technology.D．Full-time vacancies were filled by more women.27．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?A．Companies shouldn’t pro duce more than people can use.B．The 21st century has witnessed the longest working hours.C．The cycle of longer workweek and consumption should be changed.D．Longer workweek definitely leads to stronger consumption capability.28．Which would be possible if a 21-hour workweek should be adopted?A．Companies would be closed down.B．Economic growth would be stopped.C．Economic systems would break down.D．People would be encouraged to enjoy life.Passage 8 （2021·广东·汕头市潮阳实验学校一模）A simple piece of clotheslines hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans and their neighbors. On one side stand those who see clothes dryers as a waste of energy and a major polluter of the environment. As a result, they are turning to clotheslines as part of the "what-I-can- do environmentalism”But on the other side are people who are against drying clothes outside, arguing that clotheslines are unpleasant to look at. They have persuaded Homeowners Associations(HOAs) across the US to stop outdoor clotheslines, because clothesline drying also tends to lower home value in the neighborhood. This has led to a Right-to-Dry Movement that is calling for laws be passed to protect the choice to use clotheslines. So far, only three states have laws to protect clotheslines.Matt Reck, 37, is the kind of eco-friendly person who feeds his trees with bathwater and reuses water drops from his air conditioners to water plants. His family also uses a clothesline. But several days ago, the HOA in North Carolina told him that a dissatisfied neighbor had telephoned them about his clothesline. The Recks paid no attention to the warning and still dried their clothes on a line in the yard "Many people say they are environmentally friendly but they don't take matters in their own hands," says Reck. The local HOA has decided not to take any action, unless more neighbors complain.North Carolina lawmakers say that stopping clotheslines is not the right thing to do. But HOAs and housing businesses believe that clothesline drying reminds people of poor neighborhoods. They worry that if buyers think their future neighbors can" even afford dryers, housing prices will fall.Environmentalists say such worries are not necessary, and in view of global warming, that idea needs to change. As they say, "The clothesline is beautiful Hanging clothes outside should be encouraged. We all have to do at least something to slow down the process of global warming.29．Supporters of clothes dryers are trying to stop clothesline drying because .A．clothes dryers can save money B．clothes dryers are energy-savingC．clothesline drying reduces home value D．clothesline drying is not allowed in US30．Which of the following best describes Matt Reck?A．He is a warm-hearted man. B．He is an impolite neighbor.C．He is an inexperienced gardener. D．He is a man of social responsibility.31．Who are most likely to support clothesline drying?A．Housing businesses. B．Environmentalists.C．Homeowners Associations. D．Reck's dissatisfied neighbors.32．What could be the best title for the passage?A．Opposing Opinions on Clothesline Drying B．A Way to Save Energy and MoneyC．Different Varieties of Clotheslines D．A Lost Art to Be Discovered.Passage 9 （2021·湖南·长郡中学模拟预测）Last year, 138,000 San Francisco residents used Airbnb, a popular app designed to connect home renters and travelers. It’s a striking num ber for a city with a population of about 850,000, and it was enough for Airbnb to win a major victory in local elections, as San Francisco voters struck down a debatable rule that would have placed time restrictions and other regulations on short-term rental services.The company fiercely opposed the measure, Proposition F, with a nearly $10 million advertising campaign. It also contacted its San Franciscan users with messages urging them to vote against Proposition F.Most people think of Airbnb as a kind of couch-surfing app. The service works for one-night stays on road trips and longer stays in cities, and it often has more competitive pricing than hotels. It’s a textbook example of the “sharing economy”, but not everyone is a fan.The app has had unintended consequences in San Francisco. As the San Francisco Chronicle reported last year, a significant amount of renting on Airbnb is not in line with the company’s image: middle-class families putting up a spare room to help make ends meet. Some users have taken advantage of the service, using it to turn their multiple properties into vacation rentals or even full-time rentals. Backers of Proposition F argued that this trend takes spaces off the conventional, better-regulated housing market and contributes to rising costs.“The fact is, widespread abuse of short-term rentals is taking much needed housing off the market and harming our neighborhoods,” said ShareBetter SF, a group that supported Prop osition F. Hotel unions have protested the company’s practice s in San Francisco and other cities, saying that it creates an illegal hotel system.San Francisco is in the middle of a long-term, deeply rooted housing crisis that has seen the cost of living explode. Actually, explode is a generous term. The average monthly rent for an apartment is around $4, 000. Located on a narrow outcropping of land overlooking the bay, San Francisco simply doesn’t have enough space to accommodate the massive inflow of young, high-salaried tech employees flocking to Silicon Valley.As the Los Angeles Times reported, some San Francisco residents supported the measure simply because it seemed like a way to check a big corporation. Opponents of Proposition F countered that the housing crisis runs much deeper, and that passing the rule would have discouraged a popular service while doing little to solve thecity’s existing problems.33．The intention of Proposition F is to ________.A．place time limits in local election. B．set limits on short-term rental.C．strike down a controversial rule. D．urge users to vote against Airbnb.34．What is the negative consequence of Airbnb on San Francisco?A．It shrinks the living space of middle-class families.B．Users are taken advantage of by the service financially.C．It makes the house market more competitive.D．It indirectly leads to high house rental price.35．The housing crisis in San Francisco results from ________.A．explosion of the living cost B．its geographic characteristicsC．generosity of local enterprises D．inflow of migrant population36．The a uthor’s attitude toward Proposition F is ________.A．objective B．supportiveC．negative D．indifferentPassage 10 （2021·湖北·巴东一中一模）Growing up, we are constantly reminded that young people are heavily affected by technology. We are the “antisocial club”, t hose who prefer to text our friends in the same room rather than make eye contact with them. And even though never-ending studies reveal to us the extent of our social media addiction, we should at least consider that it’s not only our young people’s probl em any more.There’s the rise of the Instagram mums, who like to post an abundance of cute baby pictures, share their mom feelings along the way and show their wonderful lifestyles. They are the so-called “Facebook mum generation”, a growing group of parents that like to overshare.While all of this might be fine, and even a little humorous, new research suggests that parents’ technology addiction is negatively affecting their children’s behavior. According to the study, 40% of mothers and 32% of fathers have admitted having some sort of phone addiction. This has led to a significant fall in verbal interactions within families and even a decline in mothers’ encouraging their children.。

全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之议论文(2014安徽卷) DShould we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons for example, economic (经济的) reasons—why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own home town of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate (影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt (破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保守的) and do not like change.Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward . If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves . Thus , I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different , even though that might be the more risky choice.68. What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph?A. Some of them are not attractive.B. Most of them ate too expensive to preserve.C. They are more pleasing than modern buildings.D. They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.69. Which of the following is true according to the author?A. We should reproduce the same old buildings.B. Buildings should not dominate their surroundings.C. Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in.D. No one understands why people speak against new buildings.70. By “move things forward ” in the last paragraph , the author probably means “______”.A. Destroy old buildingsB. Put things in a different placeC. Choose new architectural stylesD. Respect people’s feelings for historical buildings71. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain why people dislike change.B. To warn that we could end up living in caves.C. To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings.D. To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.【篇章导读】这是一篇议论文。

议论文——2024届高考英语高考阅读理解文体分类练学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Underwater travel is difficult and dangerous, but many people have to stay deep under the ocean. Thus, humans have come up with a few designs of vehicles to move around under the ocean. But what if there was a better way to travel?Hilary Bart-Smith, an engineer at the University of Virginia, thinks a vehicle that travels like a manta ray (魔鬼鱼) would be able to operate for long periods at sea. Manta rays which can grow up to 29 feet long are among the most efficient swimmers in the ocean. Different from animals and people pushing against water, manta rays swim by moving through the water with wing-like movements of their fins (鳍) . Efficiency means using less energy to move farther.Bart-Smith and other engineers at the University of Virginia had to find out what manta rays looked like on the inside to better understand how they move. They took X-rays to find out how a manta ray's fins are built. They found that a web of cartilage (软骨) stretches across each fin.Once the engineers knew how a manta ray's fin was constructed, they could build one of their own. They made a long row of metal struts with many hinges to imitate the manta ray's web of cartilage. The engineers put their design inside a flexible cover, shaped like a manta ray's fin. Then they tested it in the university swimming pool. They were happy to see that it swam just like a manta ray in the ocean.Engineers and scientists are still learning and experimenting with how to imitate these amazing animals. For now, engineers study their movements and learn from the most efficient swimmers in the ocean. Perhaps someday engineers will be able to build manta ray robots that are big enough to transport people.1．How do manta rays swim?A.By moving like birds.B.By swimming like humans.C.By swimming like other fishes.D.By pushing against water like animals. 2．What can we learn from the second and third paragraphs?A.Manta rays look like travel vehicles.B.Manta rays are the fastest swimmers.C.Manta rays can grow at least 29 feet long.D.Manta rays'fins consist of a web of cartilage.3．Why do the engineers study manta rays?A.To learn about their habits.B.To control manta ray robots.C.To protect marine creatures.D.To design undersea vehicles.4．What's the author's attitude towards the research?A.Supportive.B.Negative.C.Doubtful.D.Objective.People tend to pay less attention to tasks when working alongside a robot, according to research that found evidence of "social loafing", where team members work less hard if they think others will cover for them.Researchers at the Technical University of Berlin said people come to see robots as part of their team. Where they think a colleague or the technology performs particularly well, or where they think their own contribution would not be appreciated, people tend to take a more laid-back approach."Teamwork is a mixed blessing, "said Dietlind Helene Cymek (DHC) , the first author of the study. "Working together can motivate people to perform well but it can also lead to a loss of motivation because the individual contribution is not as visible. We were interested in whether we could also find such motivational effects when the team partner is a robot."The team tested their hypothesis by asking a group of workers to check the quality of a series of tasks. The workers were all asked to carry out checks for errors on circuit boards (电路板) . Half of them were told the tasks were also performed by a robot. While they did not work directly with the robot, named Panda, those people had seen it and were able to hear it operating.Their activity was monitored by the researchers, who blurred out the images of the boards the workers received, only showing them an image they could check once they actively opened it.Initially, they said they found no statistical difference in the time the two groups-those who were told they were working with a robot and those who were not-spent inspecting the circuit boards, or in the area they searched for errors.However, when the researchers investigated the participants' error rates, they found those knowing Panda's presence were catching fewer defects after they had seen the robot had successfully flagged many errors. They said this could reflect a "looking but not seeing" effect, where people engage less once they feel a colleague or resource is reliable.While participants who were asked to rate their own performance thought they werepaying an equivalent amount of attention, the researchers felt that subconsciously they had begun to assume Panda had picked up defects well.5．Why do people pay less attention to tasks when working with a robot?A.They see the robot as their colleague.B.They think the robot can cover all tasks.C.They believe their performance will be appreciated.D.They feel unvalued about their personal contribution.6．What does DHC mean by saying "Teamwork is a mixed blessing"?A.Teamwork is of great help for workers.B.Teamwork can improve work efficiency.C.Teamwork involves different kinds of weaknesses.D.Teamwork has both advantages and disadvantages.7．What did the workers need to do during the researchers' test?A.They need to blur out the images of the circuit boards.B.They need to check errors on circuit boards with robotsC.They need to see and hear how the robots were operating.D.They need to monitor the robots to check the quality of circuit boards.8．Which of the following can best describe the procedure of the study?A.Group→Instruct→Monitor→RateB.Question→Detect→Demonstrate→CollectC.Monitor→Group→Investigate→RateD.Monitor→Investigate→Reflect→InstructInterspecies was once a technical term used in science to describe how one species got along with another. Now it is a word of more consequence: it arouses the new connections between humans and non-humans that are being made possible by technology. In Ways of Being, James Bridle, a British artist and technology writer, explores what this means for understanding the non-human intelligence on Earth.Mr Bridle makes it clear that three kinds of minds are now interacting: humans, non-humans and machines. Using artificial intelligence (AI), machines in the future will have the capability to interpose(使介入) themselves as translators between humans and other biological life forms.It is true that profit is the main motive for advances in AI; as yet nature does not get muchof a look-in, and non-human intelligence goes unexplored outside zoology departments. Computing is as focused on humans as ever, even as climate change and biodiversity-loss suggest it should devote much greater attention to other species.The first step towards an interspecies future, Mr Bridle argues, is showing more appreciation for other forms of intelligence. To some extent, this is already happening. For example, through films and other initiatives many people now know that octopuses(章鱼) have advanced and strange intelligence. The next step, Mr Bridle declares, is recognizing that people live in a "more-than-human" world. Other forms of intelligence have developed from a common evolutionary base, and they overlap(重叠) in ways that science is just beginning to discover.Ways of Being would have benefited from sharper editing. Yet, in making clear the patience, imagination and humility required to better know and protect other forms of intelligence on Earth, he has made an admirable contribution to the dawning of the interspecies age. 9．Which of the following best illustrates the term "interspecies"?A.A wolf hunts a rabbit.B.A robot does housework.C.A lady walks her dog.D.A boy records a video for squirrels.10．What does AI lay emphasis on nowadays?A.Biodiversity.B.Other species.C.Humans.D.Climate change. 11．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A.The characteristics of species evolution.B.Expectations for the future development of AI.C.Suggestions on future exploration of interspecies.D. The importance of appreciation for other forms of intelligence.12．Which word best describes the author's attitude to Ways of Being?A.Skeptical.B.Favorable.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.Steam trains paved the way for modern-day transportation, but just how much do you know about them?The roots of steam trains can be traced back to the 18th century when the Scottish engineer James Watt improved steam engine technology. Watt’s improvements significantly enhanced the efficiency of steam engines. This breakthrough paved the way for the application of steam power in various industries, marking the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. As the 19th century started, George Stephenson used the power of steam to power locomotives (火车头), telling the age of steam-powered transportation.Steam trains played a vital role in transforming the world into a connected network of nations. The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in the United States in 1869 marked a historic moment, as steam locomotives linked the East and West coasts, reducing travel time and expanding economic, opportunities.Similarly, the Orient Express in Europe became a symbol of luxury and international travel, carrying passengers from Paris to Istanbul in a quick way. The rhythmic sound of wheels on rails echoed (回响) through diverse landscapes, from the dry deserts of Australia to the snowy expanses of Siberia, as steam trains formed paths of connectivity across continents. During times of war, the role of steam trains extended to soldier transportation.While steam trains led the railway landscape for over a century, the mid-20th century witnessed the arrival of electric and diesel locomotives, claiming greater efficiency and lower operational costs, and signaling a transformative shift.As steam trains were not mainstream transportation, enthusiasts worldwide have preserved and restored steam locomotives, ensuring that these classic engine s continue to attract new generations with their nostalgic (怀旧的) charm, and that their stories continue to be told for ages to come.For Heritage railways, they dedicate to the restoration and operation of classic steam locomotives. From the Bluebell Railway in England to the Strasburg Rail Road in the United States, these living museums allow modern-day travelers to experience the magic of steam travel. Riding the polished carriages and hearing the distinctive whistle, visitors experience a sensory voyage, connecting with a time when steam trains were the heartbeat of progress and adventure.13．What marks the beginning of the Industrial Revolution?A. Rapid expansion of railways.B. Advance of steam locomotives.C. Great efficiency of transportation.D. The use of steam power in industries.14．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.B. Add more facts to the role of steam trains.C. Share a historic moment.D. Introduce the Orient Express.15．How do Heritage railways react to the decline of steam trains?A. They welcome the arrival of electric engines.B. They insist on using steam trains.C. They offer a journey back in time.D. They prefer to improve steam engines.16．Where is the text probably taken from?A. A travel guide.B. A book review.C. A history paper.D. A newspaper report.Ancient builders across the world created structures that are still standing today, thousands of years later. Roman builders built thick concrete sea barriers against waves. Mayan builders created great sculptures, and Chinese builders constructed walls against foreign enemies.A growing number of scientists have been studying materials since a long time ago. They are breaking apart pieces of buildings and reading historical texts hoping to learn how they have stood for thousands of years. The research has turned up a surprising list of materials that were mixed into old buildings. They include tree bark, volcanic ash, rice and beer. These unexpected materials can have the ability to get stronger over time. Figuring out how to copy these features can have real impacts today. While some of our modern concrete has the strength to hold up very tall buildings and heavy structures, it cannot compete with the durability of these ancient materials.Many scientists have turned to the Romans. Starting around 200 BC, the Roman Empire was building concrete structures that have stood the test of time. Even in places where seawater has been hitting structures for ages, you will find concrete basically the way it was when it was poured 2,000 years ago. They think they have found an important reason why some Roman concrete has held up structures for thousands of years. That the ancient materials have an unusual power to restore themselves and “cure” cracks (裂缝) when they form is the most shocking for them. Exactly how is not yet clear, but scientists are starting to find the reasons.Today’s builders cannot just copy the ancient processes. Even though Roman concrete lasted a long time, it couldn’t hold up heavy buildings. Instead, researchers are trying to take some of th e ancient materials and add them into modern mixes. People don’t need to make things last quite as long as the Romans did. If we add 50 or 100 years to concrete’s lifespan, we’ll surely require less pulling down, less maintenance and less material in the l ong run. 17．What were the mentioned Roman and Chinese buildings both used for?A. Travel.B. Defence.C. Soldier training.D. Seawater control.18．Which word can best describe the ancient buildings?A. Long-lasting.B. Energy-efficient.C. Delicate.D. Flexible.19．What surprises the scientists most about the ancient building materials?A. Their large cracks.B. Their clear concrete.C. Their internal structures.D. Their self-repairing ability.20．What is the author’s attitude to the future concrete?A. Tolerant.B. Expectant.C. Suspicious.D. Indifferent.O'Brien and Samantha Kassirer from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University conducted two experiments to determine the levels of people's happiness when they gave away money or when they spent it on themselves.The first experiment involved 96 college students receiving $5 every day for five days. They had to spend the money on the same thing each day. Researchers randomly asked the participants to either spend the money on themselves or give it to someone else, like through a tip or an online donation to a charity. The participants ended each day by reflecting on their spending experience and their overall level of happiness. Regardless of how they spent the money, everyone started off with roughly the same level of self-reported happiness. Those who spent the money on themselves, however, experienced a decline in happiness over the five-day period. The people who gave the money to someone else maintained their happiness levels.The second experiment conducted online, involved 502 people playing 10 rounds of a word puzzle game. When the players won in a round, they received 5 cents. The participants could either keep the 5 cents or donate it to a charity. After each round, people rated the level of happiness they felt after winning a round. As with the first study, those who gave away the money reported a longer stretch of happiness than those who kept the money for themselves. As for why people who used the money for themselves aren't happy for so long, the researchers explain that focusing on an outcome—like getting paid—can diminish the experience. When people focus on an action—like giving to charity—they concentrate more on the act itself as a joyful event, explaining why happiness stays more consistent among those who spend the money on others. "If you want to sustain happiness over time, our new research shows that repeated giving, even in the same way to the same people, may make you continue to feel much fresher and more enjoyable," O'Brien said.So the next time you think about spending money on yourself, maybe give it to someone in need instead. Your happiness will thank you.21．What is the finding of the experiments?A.People get more happiness when giving money to others.B.Those who give money to others like to do it online.C.Your level of happiness can be influenced by many factors.D.Those who win rewards are willing to give money to a charity.22．According to O'Brien, what is the secret of maintaining happiness?A.Saving enough money.B.Trying something new.C.Keeping on giving.D.Balancing rest and work.23．Which of the following shows the correct structure of the whole text?A. B. C. D.24．What is the best title for the text?A.Money isn't the key to happinessB.It is better to give than to receiveC.Happiness depends upon ourselvesD.People spend their money differently参考答案1．答案：A解析：细节理解题。

阅读理解议论文考点1 人与自我型议论文【2021新课标I卷】Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and othersinterested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligenceA. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a person's mind.C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2A. To explain a rule.B. To clarify a concept.C. To present a fact.D. To make a prediction.34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligenceA. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligenceA. Its appeal to the public.B. Expectations for future studies.C. Its practical application.D. Scientists with new perspectives.【答案】322-35 DBAB【导读】本文是一篇议论文。

专题4阅读理解议论文（解析版）全国各地历年高考真题全收录一、2023年高考真题（一）2023全国乙卷DIf you want to tell the history of the whole world,a history that does not privilege one part of humanity,you cannot do it through texts alone,because only some of the world has ever had texts,while most of the world,for most of the time,has not.Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements,and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的)societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects,and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,but in many cases we simply can’t.The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict,at Botany Bay,between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.From the English side,we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side,we have only a wooden shield(盾)dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day,the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides,there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted,especially when only the victors know how to write.Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.The Caribbean Taino,the Australian Aboriginals,the African people of Benin and the Incas,all of whom appear in this book,can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made:a history told through things gives them back a voice.When we consider contact(联系)between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted,only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation,we have to read not just the texts,but the objects.12.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.How past events should be presented.B.What humanity is concerned about.C.Whether facts speak louder than words.D.Why written language is reliable.13.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph2?A.His report was scientific.B.He represented the local people.C.He ruled over Botany Bay.D.His record was one-sided.14.What does the underlined word“conversation”in paragraph3refer to?A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.15.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?A.How Maps Tell Stories of the WorldB.A Short History of AustraliaC.A History of the World in100ObjectsD.How Art Works Tell Stories【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。

专题19 阅读理解（议论文）1.（2023年福建省泉州第五中学高考模拟试题）Technology seems to discourage slow reading. Reading on screens tires eyes easily. So online writing is more skimmable than print. The neuroscientist Mary Walt argued this “new norm” of skim reading is producing “an invisible, dramatic transformation” in how readers process words. And brains now favor rapid absorption of information, rather than skills developed by deeper reading, like critical analysis.We shouldn’t overplay this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we acquire as we learn to read more skillfully. And fears about declining attention spans have proved to be false alarms. “Some critics worry about attention span and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline, ” The American author Selvin wrote. “But nobody ever said poems were evidence of short attention spans. ”Yet the Internet has certainly changed the way we read. First, it means there’s more to read, because more people than ever are writing. And digital writing means rapid release and response. Once published, online articles start forming a comment string underneath. Such mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun, but is probably lacking in profound reflection.Perhaps we should slow down. Reading is constantly promoted as a source of personal achievement. But this advocacy emphasizes “enthusiastic” or “eager” reading — neither suggest slow absorption. To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in their slow comprehension of words. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps he’s done and just enjoys how his body feels and moves in water.The human need for this kind of deep reading is too determined for any new technology to destroy. We often assume technological change can’t be stopped, so older media are kicked out by newer, more virtual forms. In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle hasn’t killed off printed books any more than cars killed off bicycles. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.1．What is the author’s attitude towards Selvin’s opinion?A．Favorable.B．Critical.C．Doubtful.D．Objective.2．Which statement would the author probably agree with?A．Advocacy of passionate reading helps promote slow reading.B．Digital writing and reading tends to ignore careful reflection.C．We should be aware of the impact skimming has on the brain.D．The number of Internet readers declines due to technology.3．Why is “swimmer” mentioned in paragraph 4?A．To demonstrate how to immerse oneself in thought.B．To stress swimming differs from reading.C．To show slow reading is better than fast reading.D．To illustrate what slow reading is like.4．Which would be the best title for the passage?A．Slow Reading is Here to StayB．Technology Prevents Slow ReadingC．Reflections on Deep ReadingD．The Wonder of Deep Reading【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A【导语】这是一篇议论文。

阅读理解之议论文-2020年高考英语4-5月最新全国卷模拟题汇编（2020届安徽六校教育研究会高三第二次素质测试）The famous Spanish painter Pablo Picasso once said, “Every child is an artist. The problem he has is how to remain an artist once he grows up.”This is both encouraging and discouraging. The fact that we were all born to be artists is certainly exciting, and yet the reality has proven that remaining one is a task that many of us have failed.Fortunately, some people have seen the problem and want to solve it.Western educators have suggested that we introduce the concept of “STEAM” instead of “STEM” - traditional “core majors” including science, technology, engineering, and math -since the “A”, which stands for “arts”, is just as important.And on April 11, China’s Ministry of Education issued a guid eline. Colleges and universities are required to provide more art-related courses and students need to earn a certain number of art credits in order to graduate.These efforts came after many scientific studies had found that art education helps students develop self-confidence and teamwork skills, as well as habits of mind such as problem solving and critical thinking, according to The Washington Post.It’s true that none of these skills target specific jobs. But as former US ballet dancer DamianWoetzel t old The Atlantic, the purpose of art is “to give kids the tools to become adults who are creative, adaptable, and expressive - capable of having their eyes and ears and senses alive”.And we can now see how we lost track of our born “artist self” on our way to growing up: We failed to keep our capabilities to see, hear and feel, and became blind, deaf and insensitive adults.Hopefully, art education can help turn things around.24．What is the function of the first paragraph?A．To introduce a famous artist. B．To summarize the whole passage. C．To lead in the topic. D．To encourage us to be artists. 25．Why should the concept of “STEAM” be introduced according to western educators?A．Art is as important as traditional “core majors”.B．All of us should learn art in college.C．Traditional “core majors” are out of date.D．Western education is more helpful.26．What can we predict from the guideline issued by China’s Ministry of education? A．More art-related courses will appear in all schools.B．College students will have to gain enough art credits to graduate.C．More students will major in art at colleges and universities.D．Art will become much more important than science.27．What is the best title of the passage?A．Every child is an artist B．Bringing art to lifeC．Learning from the artists D．Life is art【答案】24．C 25．A 26．B 27．B【解析】本文是议论文。

2019年高考英语真题分类汇编专题10：议论文类阅读理解一、阅读理解（共5题）1.（2019•北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams (欺诈).We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it's too little, too late. By the time these "solutions" (解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you're hearing is actually real.That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation (处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use .At this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human—sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches (数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother's name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller's, ricking you into "confirming" your address, mother's name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out. （1）How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?A. PanickedB. ConfusedC. EmbarrassedD. Disappointed（2）taking advantage of the new technologies, scammer can ________.A. aim at victims preciselyB. damage databases easilyC. start campaigns rapidlyD. spread information widely（3）What does the passage imply?A. Honesty is the best policy.B. Technologies can be double-edited.C. There are more solutions than problems.D. Credibility holds the key to development.（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is RootedB. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of RobocallsC. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More DangerousD. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology2.（2019•江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

五年2020-2024年新高考英语真题阅读理解之议论文分类汇编（全国通用）原卷版专题04 阅读理解之议论文年份卷别主题话题2024 2024新课标I卷人与社会数字阅读与纸质阅读2024全国甲卷人与社会小说结局引起的思考2021 2021新课标I卷人与自我情商的研究与期望2021全国甲卷人与自我天才有多种形式【题型解读】议论文说理性强，语言庄重，逻辑缜密，常用难词、长词和复杂句，给我们的阅读理解带来一定难度。

议论文是运用逻辑推理和证明来阐述某一观点、看法和主张的文体。

这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。

议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。

论点是议论文的核心，即中心思想，是论据和论证的服务对象。

论据是作者所引用的用以支持和证明论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证或统计数据等。

论证是作者组织、运用论据的手法。

【题型特点】（1）主旨题：考查考生对于议论文基本观点的理解，是主旨题设题的目的。

做这种类型的题目要弄清作者想说什么，即作者写此文章的目的。

（2）推理判断题：这种题型的特点是以事实为依据，但其结果又绝不是事实本身。

它主要测试考生的逻辑思维能力，侧重于推理。

（3）细节题：细节题也是议论文试题的主要题型。

这种题要求考生理解文中的具体观点和具体事实。

（4）词义理解题。

英语词语的词意非常丰富，语境不同，词意也不同，要专心揣摩在上下文中的含义。

【解题策略】一、抓住论点找主旨。

阅读议论文最重要的是抓住文章的论点，找到文章的论点也就把握了文章的主旨。

一般来说，作者会在开头段落交代文章的论点，因此，细读文章首段尤为重要。

二、理清文章结构。

议论文一般采用“总分总”的结构，作者先给出论点，然后从不同方面（正面，反面）进行论证，最后给出总结或者自己的观点。

文章中会出现较为明显的转折，递进，并列或者归纳总结等的逻辑关系词。

考生在阅读时，要理清文章结构，找到论点的基础上进而理解作者给出的论据，突破细节理解题和推理判断题。

高考英语试卷分类汇编英语阅读理解(教育文化)(及答案)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类1．阅读理解Dear editor(编辑),Can't your newspaper do something about the custom (习惯) of hitchhiking?A short time ago, on a car travel I counted at least 50 people standing beside the road, asking for rides. Many of them were young women.Don't they understand how dangerous it is to get into the car driven by a stranger? How much do they know about the driver? Is he a good driver or not? They know nothing!Many of these young hitchhikers may come from good families. Don't their parents teach them anything about the world? I always taught my children not to talk to strangers. I never let them take rides from people they didn't know.Isn't there enough crime (犯罪) today without asking for trouble by hitchhiking? On the other hand, hitchhiking may bring some traffic trouble. Don't you think what I said is true?A Worried Grandfather（1）The word "hitchhiking" means .A. waiting for a bus at the bus stopB. driving to somewhere in a dangerous wayC. going somewhere by getting free rides in others' carD. asking a stranger the way who is in a car（2）The Worried Grandfather .A. doesn't like young women to drive carsB. thinks it is dangerous for a young woman to get into a stranger's carC. likes drivers to be careful and strict in their workD. never lets his children get into other people's car（3）The Worried Grandfather .A. was hit by a car when he was standing by the roadB. is a good driver and often gives free rides to strangersC. is in trouble now and he wants to get some help from the newspaperD. has seen much of the world and he is very careful（4）The Worried Grandfather wrote the letter to tell .A. the newspaper to let its readers know the danger of hitchhikingB. young women never to go on a long travel aloneC. young people to listen to their parents at homeD. his children not to talk to strangers on the road（5）What do you think a good editor is going to do after he gets the letter?A. He will either return the letter to the old man or give it to the police station.B. He will write back to the Worried Grandfather and tell him not to hitchhikeC. He will write something about the danger of hitchhiking in the newspaper.D. He will hold a meeting to tell the drivers to make less the traffic trouble.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D（4）A（5）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者认为搭便车，尤其是女性搭便车存在安全隐患。

专题05阅读理解之议论文1.（2020届安徽省蚌埠市高三第三次质检）Scientist，conservation organizations and government trying to stop the trend of extinction （灭绝）often focus on protected areas such as national parks and wildlife preserves. But with as many as million species（物种）at risk，this plan of action may not be enough to conserve wildlife.Slowing the mass extinction that now appears to be underway will require more creative means of coexisting alongside wild plants and animals. A new study indicates the effectiveness of some such approaches by examining some lands managed by indigenous groups.“ We show really strongly that，from a biodiversity standpoint in terms of species richness，indigenous －managed lands are at least comparable to protected areas，” says biologist Richard Schuster of Carleton University. And in some places，they are better than parks and preserves －even though indigenous communities may use their lands’ resources by hunting or searching for food.Schuster and his team analyzed more than 15，000 areas in Australia，Brazil and Canada. They found that the total diversity of wildlife was highest on lands either managed or co －managed by indigenous groups，while randomly selected areas with no formal protection were the least bio－diverse. For threatened species in particular，indigenous lands scored slightly higher than protected lands on overall species richness in Brazil and Canada，as well as higher for threatened animals in Australia.Each country has a different geography，climate and history. Yet remarkably，Schuster says，the best indicator for species diversity is whether a given area was managed by an indigenous community. He pointed out that practices such as sustainable（可持续的）hunting，fishing and searching，as well as burning，are more likely to occur in such areas. Don Hankins，an ecologist at California State University，agrees. “ there’ s probably going to be more of a connection to the land，” he says，“ and a use of the land for the things that are there，compared to a national park. ”“ It’ s really important to listen to the people who live on the land and have them drive the stewardship efforts going forward，” Schuster says，adding that partnering with indigenous communities may enable the world’ s countries to better meet a wide range of conservation goals：“ We really need all the help we can get as a global community to prevent species extinction that we’ re facing right now. ”8．What does the underlined word “ indigenous” probably mean in Paragraph 2？A．Social. B．Native.C．Protected. D．Threatened.9．What did Richard Schuster find in his study？A．National parks are even higher in species diversity.B．Indigenous communities overhunted on their lands.C．Some preserves almost have no formal protection.D．Indigenous lands do better in keeping bio－diversity.10．Which of the following statements may Don Hankins agree with？A．Species diversity depends on geographical positions.B．Humans’ everyday activities are no longer sustainable.C．Indigenous groups have a close bond with their lands.D．Protected areas work perfectly in wildlife protection.11．What is the text mainly about？A．Beating back extinction. B．Dealing with environmental problems.C．Setting up nature reserves. D．Fighting against unsustainable behaviors.【答案】8．B9．D10．C11．A【解析】本文为议论文。

2020 年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之议论文类（精校word版有答案解析）We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。

成年人常常惊叹他们能很好地记着儿时学过的东西。

作者认为这是儿时过度学习的结果，是因为当我们儿时学会一样东西的时候，我们不是就此停止，而是继续练习，才使我们记忆深刻。

文章用例证法说明了“过度学习”的概念。

最后作者谈到了“过度学习”的好处和突击学习的弊端。

2020年高考英语真题分类汇编专题07：议论文类阅读理解一、阅读理解1.阅读理解After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, "Why? Why? Why?" Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don't have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them."The great man," said Mencius (孟子), "is he who does not lose his child's heart." Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven't any special ability? Most people don't; there are only a few geniuses. You haven't any time? That's good because it's always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking. You're too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment.（1）In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________.A.propose a definitionB.make a comparisonC.reach a conclusionD.present an argument（2）What does the example of Galileo tell us?A.Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.B.Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.C.Creativity results from challenging authority.D.Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.（3）What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?A.Observe the unknown around you.B.Develop a questioning mind.C.Lead a life of adventure.D.Follow the fashion.（4）What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?A.Gaining success helps you become an expert.B.The genius tends to get things done creatively.ck of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.D.You should remain modest when approaching perfection. （5）What could be the best title or the passage?A.Curious Minds Never Feel ContentedB.Reflections on Human NatureC.The Keys to AchievementD.Never Too Late to Learn答案解析部分一、阅读理解1. （1）D（2）D（3）B（4）C（5）C解析：本文是一篇议论文，论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。