2019年厦门大学英语语言文学考研真题回忆

厦门大学英美文学考研真题及参考答案（2008～2011）厦门大学2011年英美文学考研真题考试科目：阅读及英美文学、语言学基础1. Write down the names of the authors of the following works (8 points)：A. The Life and Opinion of Tristram-Shandy【答案】Laurence Sterne【解析】《项狄传》为英国十八世纪著名作家劳伦斯·斯特恩的代表作，全名为《绅士特里斯舛·项狄的生平与见解》，为“名著译林”之一。

B. The Bluest Eye【答案】Toni Morrison【解析】《最蓝的眼睛》是托尼·莫里森的成名著，她是第一个获诺贝尔文学奖的美国非裔黑人女作家。

C. The Heart of Darkness【答案】Joseph Conrad【解析】《黑暗之心》是波兰裔英国作家约瑟夫·康拉德的一部经典小说。

《黑暗之心》叙述了一位英国船长马洛在一艘泊于伦敦外的海船上所讲述的一个发生于刚果河的故事。

警寓了现代文明之野蛮且揭发现代文明虚伪、贪婪、好斗的一面。

D. Mansfied Park【答案】Jane Austen【解析】《曼斯菲尔德庄园》是英国小说家简·奥斯丁1812年至1814年间写于查顿（Chawton Cottage）的一部小说, 并于1814年由出版了《傲慢与偏见》和《理智与情感》的Mr. Egerton出版。

E. Midnight's Children【答案】Salman Rushdie【解析】《午夜的孩子》是英籍印度作家萨尔曼·拉什迪的一部以魔幻现实主义手法写成的现代文学经典之作，其中小说以第一人称叙述。

F. The Golden Notebook【答案】Doris Lessing【解析】《金色笔记》是2007年度诺贝尔文学奖得主英国作家多丽丝·莱辛的代表作。

厦门大学研究生入学考试历年真题及答案点击蓝色字体查看原文温馨提示：内容较多，(Ctrl+H)搜索所需内容2015年厦门大学701语言文学基础全套资料本专业课考试科目的全套资料主要包括：1．历年考研真题及详解（即考研拥有的本专业课考试科目的全部考研真题，部分可能由于官方未公布而无法取得，但是我们在不断更新，如有会第一时间补发给学员）；2．本科生、研究生课堂笔记；3．本科生、研究生课堂作业；4．教师授课讲义及课件；5．期中期末考试试题；6．指定教材（参考教材）配套资料（课后习题答案、模拟试题等）。

2015年厦门大学802文学理论与文学评论写作全套资料本专业课考试科目的全套资料主要包括：1．历年考研真题及详解（即考研拥有的本专业课考试科目的全部考研真题，部分可能由于官方未公布而无法取得，但是我们在不断更新，如有会第一时间补发给学员）；2．本科生、研究生课堂笔记；3．本科生、研究生课堂作业；4．教师授课讲义及课件；5．期中期末考试试题；6．指定教材（参考教材）配套资料（课后习题答案、模拟试题等）。

2015年厦门大学861语言学全套资料本专业课考试科目的全套资料主要包括：1．历年考研真题及详解（即考研拥有的本专业课考试科目的全部考研真题，部分可能由于官方未公布而无法取得，但是我们在不断更新，如有会第一时间补发给学员）；2．本科生、研究生课堂笔记；3．本科生、研究生课堂作业；4．教师授课讲义及课件；5．期中期末考试试题；6．指定教材（参考教材）配套资料（课后习题答案、模拟试题等）。

2015年厦门大学313历史学基础全套资料本专业课考试科目的全套资料主要包括：1．历年考研真题及详解（即考研拥有的本专业课考试科目的全部考研真题，部分可能由于官方未公布而无法取得，但是我们在不断更新，如有会第一时间补发给学员）；2．本科生、研究生课堂笔记；3．本科生、研究生课堂作业；4．教师授课讲义及课件；5．期中期末考试试题；6．指定教材（参考教材）配套资料（课后习题答案、模拟试题等）。

厦门大学2002年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题招生专业外国语言学及应用语言学_考试课程_英语语言文学基础知识研究方向外国语言学及应用语言学各方向Part I Basic English(50%)A.Sentence Completion:(30%)Directions:Each of the sentences below has one or more blank spaces indicatingwhere a word(or words)has been omitted.Each sentence is followed byfive words or sets of words lettered from A)to E).Select the letteredword or set of words which,when inserted to replace the blanks,best fitsin with and completes the meaning of the sentence as a whole.Do it onthe Answer Sheet.1.His theories,though criticized by economists of more orthodox bent,have had enormous________on government fiscal policy.A)restraint B)impact C)acceptance D)tension E)reliance2.Unwilling to admit that his program of tax abatement had failed to achieve its goal,the mayorattempted to_________the attention of the electorate from the problem by________the issue with irrelevant statistics.A)capture…complicating B)focus…confutingC)divert…obfuscating D)remove…buttressingE)compelling…falsifying3.The deliberately alienated quality of his paintings is a reflection of the disconnection he sees asexperience by those whose values are derived only from________.A)enterprise B)reading C)experience D)inspiration E)materialism4.Although many people advocate personal sacrifice for the public good,their________oftenends at the point where the call for their personal________begins.A)self-control…resentment B)altruism…involvementC)intention…supplication D)participation…invocationE)contention…dispersal5.Her credentials for the position were________in every respect but one;she could not speak aword of Turkish!A)flawless B)essential C)inconsequentialD)pedestrian E)unacceptable6.Even though he had planned carefully for almost every conceivable________,his ambitiousproject wound up a dismal failure when an________power outage brought all the machinery to a complete standstill.A)day…inevitable B)facet…insufficientC)succession…automatic D)possibility…obsoleteE)eventuality…unanticipated7.His attitude toward social welfare legislation,based entirely on his perception of himself as aself-made man,________him the support of the voters in the state's economically depressed urban areas.A)earned B)cost C)divested D)evoked E)replicated8.Many businesses that manufacture recreational products operate profitably during periods of________,but their inherent dependence upon a________economy becomes apparent when the economic cycle starts downward.A)regression…mature B)inflation…plannedC)prosperity…flourishing D)stability…fluctuatingE)depression…contracting9.Since the author frequently________other scholars,his objection to disputes is not onlyirrelevant,but also________.A)supports…overbearing B)provokes…frighteningC)quotes…curious D)ignores…peevishE)attacks…surprising10.There is perhaps some truth in that waggish old definition of a scholar--a siren that callsattention to a fog without doing anything to________it.A)describe B)cause C)analyze D)dispel E)thicken11.The newborn human infant is not a passive figure,nor an active one,but what might be calledan actively________one,eagerly attentive as it is to sights and sounds.A)adaptive B)selective C)inquisitiveD)receptive E)intuitive12.Opponents of the expansion of the market economy,although in________,continued toconstitute________political force throughout the century.A)error…an inconsequential B)retreat…a powerfulC)disarry…a disciplined D)jeopardy…an ineffectiveE)command…a viable13.Nature's energy efficiency often________human technology:despite the intensity of lightfireflies produce,the amount of heat is negligible;only recently have humans developed chemical light-producing systems whose efficiency________the firefly's system.A)engenders…manipulates B)reflects…simulatesC)outstrips…rivals D)inhibits…matchesE)determines…reproduces14.Scholars'sense of the uniqueness of the central concept of"the state"at the time when politicalscience became an academic field quite naturally led to striving for a correspondingly ________mode of study.A)thorough B)distinctive C)dependable D)scientific E)dynamic15.Just as astrology was for centuries________faith,countering the strength of establishedchurches,so today believing in astrology is an act of________the professional sciences.A)an individual…rebellion by B)an accepted…antagonism towardC)an underground…defiance against D)a heretical…support forE)an unknown…concern about16.Despite the fact that the two council members belonged to different political parties,they________the issue of how to finance the town debt.A)complicated B)avoided C)attested to D)reported on E)agreed on17.The notion that cultural and biological influences________determine cross-cultural diversityis discredited by the fact that,in countless aspects of human existence,it is cultural programming that overwhelmingly accounts for cross-population variance.A)jointly B)completely C)directly D)equally E)eventually18.Because medieval women's public participation in spiritual life was not welcomed by the maleestablishment,a compensating________religious writings,inoffensive to the members of the establishment because of its______,became important for many women.A)involvement with…privacy B)attention to…popularityC)familiarity with…scarcity D)dissatisfaction with…profundityE)resistance to…domesticity19.Dependence on foreign sources of heavy metals,though________,remains________forUntied States foreign policy.A)deepening…a challenge B)diminishing…a problemC)excessive…a dilemma D)debilitating…an embarrassmentE)unavoidable…a precedent20.Although his attempts to appear psychotic were so________as to be almost________,thereis evidence that Ezra Pound was able to avoid standing trial for treason merely by faking symptoms of mental illness.A)spontaneous…amusing B)contrived…believableC)clumsy…ludicrous D)stylized…distressingE)sporadic…premeditated21.The________questions that consistently structure the study of history must be distinguishedfrom merely________questions,which have their day and then pass into oblivion.A)recurrent…practical B)instinctive…factualC)ingrained…discriminating D)philosophical…randomE)recurring…short-lived22.Despite the apparently bewildering complexity of this procedure,the underlying________isquite________.A)simplicity…calculated B)principle…elementaryC)confusion…imaginary D)purpose…effectiveE)theory…modern23.In television programming,a later viewing time often________a more________audienceand,therefore,more challenging subjects and themes.A)requires…critical B)shows…affluentC)implies…mature D)eliminates…realisticE)invites…general24.The cultivation of the emotion of natsukashii,interpretable as"pleasant sorrow,"bringsJapanese to Kyoto in the spring,not to________the cherry blossoms in full bloom but to ________the fading,falling flowers.A)mourn…exclaim over B)honor…protectC)describe…rejoice over D)arrange…preserveE)enjoy…grieve over25.Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations is still worth reading,more to appreciate the current________of Smith's valid contributions to economics than to see those contributions as the ________of present-day economics.A)disregard…outgrowths B)reaffirmation…concernsC)relevance…precursors D)acceptance…byproductsE)importance…vestiges26.At several points in his discussion,Graves,in effect,________evidence when it does notsupport his argument,tailoring it to his needs.A)addresses B)creates C)alters D)suppresses E)substitutes27.Regardless of what________theories of politics may propound,there is nothing that requiresdaily politics to be clear,thorough,and consistent--nothing,that is,that requires reality to conform to theory.A)vague B)assertive C)casual D)vicious E)tidy28.Exposure to sustained noise has been claimed to________blood pressure regulation in humanbeing and,particularly,to increase hypertension,even though some researchers have obtained inconclusive results that________the relationship.A)sharpen…conflate B)increase…diminishC)aggravate…buttress D)disrupt…neutralizeE)impair…obscure29.After a slow sales start early in the year,mobile homes have been gaining favor as________to increasingly expensive conventional housing.A)a reaction B)an addition C)an introductionD)an alternative E)a challenge30.Just as such apparently basic things as rocks,clouds,and clams are,in fact,intricatelystructured entities,so the self,too,is not an"elementary particle,"but is________ construction.A)a complicated B)a convoluted C)a distorted D)an amorphous E)an illusoryB.Cloze:(10%)Directions:Fill in the blanks with a single word each.Do it on the Answer Sheet.The majority of(1)are content to confine their activities to members of the family, colleagues at work or(2).The most popular type of joke is one that leads the victim into a totally(3)course of action,(4)making a long and pointless journey.There are more (5)individuals,however,who pull off spectacular hoaxes on a much larger(6).One of the most famous British(7)was staged in1910by a group of six young people from Cambridge.Their aim was(8)the commander and crew of H.M.S.(Her Majesty's Ship) Dreadnought that they were the(9)of Abyssinia and his entourage.First,they sent a(10), supposedly from the Foreign Office,to the ship's commander.In it they announced that the party would(11)by train early that afternoon and asked him to make the necessary(12)to welcome them.When the party arrived,they were given a marvelous(13),including a red carpet at the station and a pipe band aboard the(14).The Emperor then inspected the warship and its personnel.During the(15),different members played different parts.(16)was a foreign office guide;another an interpreter who had(17)a few words from a Swahili phrase book.Needless to say,the victims were(18)when the hoax was revealed,and some officers even(19)the group leader with physical violence.Parliament was none too pleased, (20)!1. A.clowns B.jokers edians D.clients2. A.superior B.strangers C.fellow students D.new acquaintances3. plicated B.strenuous C.voluntary D.unnecessary4. A.for example B.like C.except D.such as5. A.daring B.timid C.scrupulous D.exacting6. A.side B.period C.scale D.view7. A.plays B.hoaxes C.journeys D.traditions8. A.in convincing B.convinced C.convinces D.to convince9. A.Emperor B.ruler C.Queen D.representatives10. A.phone call B.telegram C.gift D.declaration11. A.arrive B.depart C.take off D.carry12. A.schemes B.amendments C.arrangements D.details13. A.conference B.performance C.appreciation D.reception14. A.plane B.ship C.stage D.train15. A.tour B.recess C.negotiation D.rehearsal16. A.there B.Some C.One D.It17. A.included B.learned C.imitated D.regarded18. A.furious B.delighted C.amused D.reflective19. A.demanded B.appealed C.conducted D.threatened20. A.too B.neither C.either D.thoughC..Error identification and correction(10%)Directions:Directions:In the following passage there are10mistakes ineach underlined sentence.Identify them and correct them in theanswer sheet.What makes societies innovate?Genius and talent seem to know few national borders,(1)and yet some counties clearly do well at invention and innovation than others.Why is this?Some countries nourish a climate that consistently encourages the new,the practical and the useful.The United States shines here.(2)In other cases, circumstances—reduce bursts of invention and enthusiasm of new technology.Japan is the classic example.(3)Innovation—putting new ideas and technologies on practical use--differs from pure discovery and invention.(4)The United States,as the world’s most innovative and technologically advanced society,has hardly monopolized critical discoveries or inventions.(5)Until World War II,the most great science was done in Europe:from Issac Newton’s to Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution.Major breakthrough in technology also often originated in Europe.(6)The radio,for instance,was discovered by an Italian Guglielmo Marconi in1895.Why does the West now dominate invention and innovation?(7)The secret lays in a belief that science and technology matter for national power,economic growth and human well-being.This is a product of the Renaissance that,until recently,didn’t have much place in Asian or African societies.Japan was the first Asian nation to adopt the Western faith.(8)Having(like China)isolated itself,Japan was stunned by arrival of US warships in1853with superior weapons.Rather than remain vulnerable, the Japanese went to the West in search of new technologies and methods.By1950 the Japanese had caught up so well that they humbled the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War.Now the faith is ernments and industries across the world are spending billions on research and development.(9)Any country or company is likely to thrive unless it constantly innovates.(10)Who gets complacent and loses drive and imagination will be left behind.Part II Linguistic and literature(50%)A.Directions:Answer the following linguistic questions in separate blank answer sheetsprovided at your test center.(20%)nguage testing can be classified into these five categories based on different purposes:aptitude test,placement test,diagnostic test,achievement test and proficiency test.Write an essay about the aims of these tests and give examples if you can.(5%)2.Give a brief description of the history of English language.(5%)3.What is the relationship between language and culture?(Examples are needed to support youidea.)(5%)4.What does linguistics mainly cover?(5%)B.Literature and Discourse(30%)Directions:Write down your answers to the questions in this part of the test in separate blank answer sheets provided at your test center.a)Answer THREE of the following questions.Each of your answer should be at least in80words.(7%each)1.How do you think of Shakespeare’s position in the history of Englishliterature?2.How do you think of Hemingway’s world and his attitude towards life?3.Why Marx praised the English critical realists of the19th century as“thepresent brilliant school of novelists in England”?4.How do you think of the creative features and social significance of JosephConrad’s novels?5.What do you know about text,context and discourse?b)Briefly explain THREE of the following literary terms.(3%each)1.stream of consciousness2.point of view3.narrator4.modernism5.black humorAnswer SheetName:_____________Registration No.______________Score:___________ Part I Basic English(50%)A.Sentence Completion(30%)1.[A][B][C][D][E]16.[A][B][C][D][E]2.[A][B][C][D][E]17.[A][B][C][D][E]3.[A][B][C][D][E]18.[A][B][C][D][E]4.[A][B][C][D][E]19.[A][B][C][D][E]5.[A][B][C][D][E]20.[A][B][C][D][E]6.[A][B][C][D][E]21.[A][B][C][D][E]7.[A][B][C][D][E]22.[A][B][C][D][E]8.[A][B][C][D][E]23.[A][B][C][D][E]9.[A][B][C][D][E]24.[A][B][C][D][E]10.[A][B][C][D][E]25.[A][B][C][D][E]11.[A][B][C][D][E]26.[A][B][C][D][E]12.[A][B][C][D][E]27.[A][B][C][D][E]13.[A][B][C][D][E]28.[A][B][C][D][E]14.[A][B][C][D][E]29.[A][B][C][D][E]15.[A][B][C][D][E]30.[A][B][C][D][E]B.Cloze:(10%)1.[A][B][C][D][E]11.[A][B][C][D][E]2.[A][B][C][D][E]12.[A][B][C][D][E]3.[A][B][C][D][E]13.[A][B][C][D][E]4.[A][B][C][D][E]14.[A][B][C][D][E]5.[A][B][C][D][E]15[A][B][C][D][E]6.[A][B][C][D][E]16.[A][B][C][D][E]7.[A][B][C][D][E]17.[A][B][C][D][E]8.[A][B][C][D][E]18.[A][B][C][D][E]9.[A][B][C][D][E]19.[A][B][C][D][E]10.[A][B][C][D][E]20.[A][B][C][D][E]C..Error identification and correction(10%)1______________6______________2______________7______________3______________8______________4______________9______________5______________10______________。

[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年福建师范大学英语语言文学真题回忆由于在考研帮里收获了很多经验，所以也把自己今年考过的内容回忆共享出来，希望对有需要的同学有帮助^_^[政治]:用了肖秀荣1000题，讲真题，形势与政策，风中劲草，八套卷，四套卷。

个人觉得八套卷四套卷的分析题和选择题考点抓的很准，一定要背熟，形势与政策也非常有用。

时间较紧，最后阶段基本都在背八套卷和四套卷至少过三遍。

[法语]:用了孙辉简明法语教程，新公共法语一二(三用于时间太紧就只过了单词)，大学法语考研必备，还有自己总结的常考单词的动词变位表，还有考试点上的陶媛媛老师的考研法语视频课。

对比了新大学法语一二三，和新公共法语123，感觉孙辉简明法语教程，超级好用，编排的内容简单易懂，循序渐进，前期都在看简明法语教程，书上练习全部完成，修改订正，后期没时间练翻译时比较担心自己翻译会写不出来，后来考试时发现自己多虑了，之前练习里面的翻译每天扎实地练，会培养出组织法语句子的语感，所以考的时候编的很愉快^_^.•选择题部分，个人感觉今年的单选部分比较难，也可能是我时间紧刷的题还不够，一共42题。

涉及代词，词汇，各种时态等考查。

•动词变位题，一共10题10分。

由于自己之前总结了三十个左右的法语常考单词的八大时态动词变位，在对照一些常考时态语法，这题感觉还挺轻松的。

•阅读题，两篇10题一共10分。

第一篇考了法国的骑自行车爬山运动好像，说这项运动是健康的生活方式，省油无污染啥的；第二篇考了法国人越来越少看书，电视和电影越来越成书籍的竞争对手，法国政府正在不断加强文化方面的建设，我大概理解是这样。

感觉题目需要好好思考一下，有点混淆。

最后是汉译法和法译汉两大题，汉译法有七个句子，印象中比较深刻的有：1.英语老师让同学们最迟在周六前完成这篇翻译。

2.天气太冷了，可以麻烦您把窗户关上吗？3.谢谢你的鼓励，我一定会更加努力，取得更大的进步。

4.手机在日常生活中起着越来越重要的地位。

厦门大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2019年第一部分百科知识回答下列问题。

1. 简释英美法系中的判例制度。

答案：英美法系中的判例制度是选择典型的案例判决作为判例，为法官审理案件提供借鉴和指导，对于类似事实的案件，在适用法律以及裁量幅度上都可参照相关判例进行判决。

在英美法系中，判例是法律的主要渊源之一。

2. 中国秦时开凿的灵渠沟通的是哪两条大江?答案：公元前214年，秦始皇派人开凿灵渠，连接长江、珠江两大水系，成为后世连接南北水路的重要通道。

3. 李嘉诚和包玉刚在中国内地出资兴建的两所大学的名称各是什么?答案：1981年，李嘉诚捐资兴建汕头大学。

1986年，包玉刚捐资兴建宁波大学。

4. 中国最早的诗歌总集和志怪小说集的名称各是什么?答案：中国最早的诗歌总集是《诗经》；第一部志怪小说集为《搜神记》。

5. 世界著名雕像《掷铁饼者》和《大卫》的作者各是谁?答案：世界著名雕塑《掷铁饼者》的作者是希腊雕塑家米隆；《大卫》的作者是意大利雕塑家米开朗基罗。

6. 中国古代科举考试殿试中考取的第二、三名的名称是什么?答案：中国古代科举考试殿试中考取的第二、三名分别被称为榜眼、探花。

7. 中国第一个获得世界冠军和最早在奥运会上夺得金牌的运动员各是谁?答案：中国第一个获得世界冠军的是著名的乒乓球运动员容国团。

我国最早在奥运会上夺得金牌的运动员是男子手枪运动员徐海峰。

8. 围棋和中国象棋各有多少个棋子?答案：围棋棋子一般是黑子181个、白子180个，共计361个；中国象棋共有棋子32个。

9. 公认的最擅长画虎和画马的中国画家各是谁?答案：公认的最擅长画虎的中国画家是张大千；最擅长画马的中国画家是徐悲鸿。

10. 2012年诺贝尔文学奖获得者是谁?请写出其一部主要作品。

答案：2012年诺贝尔文学奖获得者是中国作家莫言，其主要作品有：《红高粱》《檀香刑》《丰乳肥臀》《生死疲劳》《蛙》《酒国》。

11. 歌剧和京剧各诞生于哪个国家?答案：一般认为歌剧诞生于意大利；而京剧诞生于中国。

厦门大学中文系文学理论与文学评论写作2008--2009语言文学基础2008—-2009文学2007文学基础2003——2006中西文艺理论基础2000—-2002,2004--2005文艺评论写作2000——2002中国现当代文学2000-—2006文艺理论2000—-2003，2006——2007中国文学史2001—-2002中国古代文学理论2001——2005中国文学批评史2006语言理论2004中外文学2000—-2002欧美文学与比较文学2004——2006戏剧基础知识2003—-2006文艺基础知识2003——2005美学与文艺理论2000-—2002美学与艺术概论2005语言学2008——2009历史系世界近代史2002世界现代史2002中国近现代史2003——2004世界近现代史2003——2004专门史2002经济专门史2001经济史1999—-2000中国古代史2000中国通史1999—-2002通史1999中国考古学1999-—2005考古学通论1999考古学概论2000——2002中国古代史1999——2005哲学系哲学基础理论2008—-2009中西哲学史2008——2009新闻传播系新闻与传播实务2007——2010（注：2007、2010年试卷为回忆版)新闻学与传播学基础2006——2009(注：2006——2007年试卷为回忆版）新闻业务1999——2006广告学原理1996—-1997，2001-—2002公共关系原理与实务2002中国传播史1999——2005传播学理论2001——2004传播实务2004,2006广告与公关2003（回忆版）2003年传播学复试题目人类学与民族学系人类学理论方法2003人类学概论1999—-2001，2003人类学通论2008——2009文化人类学1999--2001人类学史1999--2001民族学通论2008——2009经济系宏、微观经济学2005-—2009（2005有答案）西方经济学2002,2005经济学2003—-2004,2006，2009—2010世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002计划统计系宏、微观经济学2006，2009-2010西方经济学2002,2005经济学2003-—2004，2006，2009-2010世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002财政系宏、微观经济学2006，2009-2010西方经济学2002，2005经济学2003—-2004，2006,2009-2010世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002财政学1996——1998财政学综合考试1996——1998金融系金融学基础(联考)2002-—2010（2002-—2010有答案) 货币银行学综合考试1998—-2000货币银行学1998——2000货币银行学(复试）2000国际经济与贸易系宏、微观经济学2006，2009-2010西方经济学2002，2005经济学2003--2004,2006，2009-2010世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002国际贸易1998——2002经济研究所宏、微观经济学2006，2009—2010西方经济学2002,2005经济学2003——2004,2006,2009—2010世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002王亚南经济研究院经济学2003——2004,2006，2009-2010西方经济学2002,2005世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002会计系会计学2000--2005会计学综合考试2000-—2002管理学与管理经济学2003——2009（注:2005—-2007年为回忆版）企业管理专业综合考试(含人力资源管理、市场营销学）1998——2002 企业管理（含管理学、财务管理）1998—-2002企业管理系管理学与管理经济学2003—-2007（注：2005--2007年为回忆版)企业管理专业综合考试（含人力资源管理、市场营销学）1998——2002 企业管理（含管理学、财务管理)1998——2002管理科学系运筹学（管理科学系）2002——2009旅游系（无此试卷）法学院法理学与民法学2000--2006法理学1995——2002，2005-—2006法理学与民事诉讼法学2003——2006法理学与宪法学2002，2005——2010（2010为回忆版)民法学1990，1998——2002民法学与商法学2003——2006民法学与宪法学2005-—2006民法学与刑法学2007,2009—-2010（2010为回忆版）综合国际法学2003-—2005国际公法与国际私法1997—-2002国际经济法1997—-2002(国际法学专业)综合考试1997——1999（民商法学、经济法学专业）综合考试2002民事诉讼法2000—-2002商法学2003经济法学1998-—2003民事诉讼法与刑事诉讼法2003宪法学与行政法学2003刑法学与刑事诉讼法学2003，2005——2006行政法与行政诉讼法学2005-—2006政治学系政治学与公共管理学2007—-2009政治学与行政学2003——2006政治学原理2002行政学2002现代政治思想（中、西）2008-—2009公共管理系政策科学与经济学2007--2009政治学与公共管理学2007——2009政治学与行政学2003—-2006（word版本）政治学原理2002行政学2002综合考试（行政管理）2002——2006(注:无管理学部分）（word版本) 社会保障专业试题2004社会学系社会学原理2005，2008—-2009社会调查研究方法2005，2008-—2009人口研究所宏、微观经济学2006，2009—2010西方经济学2002,2005经济学2003——2004，2006，2009-2010政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002思想政治教育系政治学与公共管理学2007——2009政治学与行政学2003——2006政治学原理2002行政学2002政治学2008——2009中共党史与思想政治教育学2008——2009英文系二外法语2001，2003—-2005（注:2001年的试卷共14页,缺第4页）二外日语2003二外德语2006——2009英语基础知识2003—-2005（2005有答案）英语语言文学基础知识2002阅读及英美文学、语言学基础2003-—2009（2006-—2009有答案）（注：2006—-2009年的答案只有语言学基础部分的答案）阅读理解与英美文学基础知识1998——2000阅读理解及语言学、英美文学基础知识2001阅读与写作2002翻译与写作2003——2004写作与英汉互译2003—-2006,2009英语写作2000英汉、汉英翻译1998——2002欧洲语言文学系二外英语2003——2006，2009（2009有答案）公共外语教学部二外法语2001，2003-—2005（注：2001年的试卷共14页，缺第4页)二外日语2003二外德语2006—-2009英语基础知识2003--2005（2005有答案）英语语言文学基础知识2002阅读及英美文学、语言学基础2003——2009(2006——2009有答案）(注：2006—-2009年的答案只有语言学基础部分的答案）阅读理解与英美文学基础知识1998--2000阅读理解及语言学、英美文学基础知识2001阅读与写作2002翻译与写作2003——2004写作与英汉互译2003--2006,2009英语写作2000英汉、汉英翻译1998-—2002日本语言文学系二外英语2003—-2006，2009（2009有答案）基础日语2005-—2006综合日语2003——2006日本文学2004日本文学史2003日语语言文化2004音乐系音乐学基础2008—-2009中外音乐史2008——2009美术系设计史2007——2009设计史论2004——2006艺术概论2007——2009中外美术史2008—-2009物理系高等数学（无线电物理专业)1998，2001-—2005电子线路2001——2002,2008——2009［其中2001年试题名称为：综合考试] 普通物理学2002——2004,2006——2009（2006-—2007有答案)电动力学2002量子力学2002量子力学与电动力学2003——2004机电工程系自动控制原理2000-—2002，2004——2006，2008——2009模拟电路与数字逻辑2000-—2002微机原理2003-—2005微机原理及应用2000——2002电子线路2001--2002，2008——2009［其中2001年试题名称为：综合考试］普通物理学2002——2004，2006——2009（2006——2007有答案）电动力学2002量子力学2002量子力学与电动力学2003——2004数学科学学院综合基础Ⅱ（数学各专业）（含高等代数、抽象代数）2007,2010基础综合Ⅰ（含数学分析、实变函数、常微分方程）2005—-2006数学分析2003——2004高等代数2003化学系物理化学1990—-1991,2000—-2002，2004，2007——2009(2008有答案）高分子化学1999高分子化学与物理2008-—2010分析化学2008——2010无机化学2008—-2009化学工程与生物工程系高分子化学1999高分子化学与物理2008——2010传递过程与单元操作2008-—2009材料科学与工程系高分子化学1999高分子化学与物理2008-—2010材料科学基础2008-—2009基础化学2008——2010生命科学学院生物化学1999-—2001，2003--2010细胞生物学1994——2009微生物学2002——2010生物学2005普通生物学1994—-2000，2002——2003，2005生物学概论1999，2001，2004生态学2007——2010普通生态学2001——2010植物生态学1996——2003，2005普通生物学基础2004——2005海洋生态学1987——2002，2004——2005动物生理与海洋生态学2003普通动物学1998-—2003植物生理学1998——2002植物生理生化2003植物生物学2005——2009动物生物学2003，2005,2007-—2010动物学1993——2005海洋系生物化学1999——2001,2003-—2010细胞生物学1994-—2009微生物学2002—-2010生物学2005普通生物学1994——2000,2002—-2003，2005，2008--2009 生物学概论1999，2001，2004生态学2007——2010普通生态学2001——2010植物生态学1996-—2003，2005普通生物学基础2004——2005海洋生态学1987—-2002，2004——2005动物生理与海洋生态学2003普通动物学1998—-2003植物生理学1998——2002植物生理生化2003植物生物学2005——2009动物生物学2003,2005,2007——2010动物学1993—-2005海洋地质学2008——2009海洋管理概论2005——2009海洋科学导论2008——2009声学基础与数字电路2003——2009数学物理基础2008--2009无机化学2008——2009物理化学2008——2009环境科学中心环境评价规划与管理2001—-2009（其中2001、2002年分为规划管理与评价学两份试题）环境学导论2002—-2009环境工程学2007-2010有机化学（环境科学、环境管理专业）2002—-2006分析化学（环境科学、环境管理专业）2002——2006，2008——2009生物化学1999-—2001,2003-—2010细胞生物学1994——2009微生物学2002--2010生物学2005普通生物学1994——2000，2002——2003，2005生物学概论1999，2001,2004生态学2007——2010普通生态学2001—-2010植物生态学1996——2003，2005普通生物学基础2004——2005海洋生态学1987——2002，2004-—2005动物生理与海洋生态学2003普通动物学1998——2003植物生理学1998——2002植物生理生化2003植物生物学2005—-2009动物生物学2003，2005，2007--2010动物学1993——2005普通物理学2008——2009计算机科学系数据结构与计算机组成原理2003——2007数据结构与高级程序设计1997—-2002（2001有答案,答案只有数据结构部分）数据结构与C语言2004操作系统与编译原理1997-—2001组成原理与汇编语言2002电子工程系高等数学(无线电物理专业）1998,2001—-2005模拟电路与数字逻辑2000——2002信号与系统2007——2008（2007有答案）电路、信号与线性系统2003—-2006,2009（2006有答案）（注：2006年试卷缺电路的题，只有信号与线性系统的题，共4页，缺第3、4页）自动控制原理2000-—2002,2004——2006,2008-—2009电子线路2001——2002，2008——2009［其中2001年试题名称为：综合考试］普通物理学2002—-2004，2006-—2009(2006——2007有答案）电动力学2002量子力学2002量子力学与电动力学2003—-2004光电子技术2008——2009自动化系模拟电路与数字逻辑2000——2002自动控制原理2000——2002,2004——2006，2008-—2009电子线路2001——2002，2008——2009[其中2001年试题名称为：综合考试] 普通物理学2002——2004，2006——2009(2006-—2007有答案)电动力学2002量子力学2002量子力学与电动力学2003--2004数据结构2008—-2009通信工程系信号与系统2007-—2008(2007有答案)电路、信号与线性系统2003——2006，2009(2006有答案)（注：2006年试卷缺电路的题，只有信号与线性系统的题,共4页，缺第3、4页）电子线路2001—-2002，2008--2009[其中2001年试题名称为：综合考试]医学院生物医学研究院药物化学2008-—2009有机化学（医）2008-—2009生物化学2007——2009物理化学(医学院）2010生理学2010建筑系建筑设计2001——2002中外建筑历史2001——2002，2008——2009概念性快速建筑设计2008——2009建筑技术概论2008—-2009土木系材料力学2008——2009结构力学2008-—2009南洋研究院国际政治2003-—2009国际关系史2003——2009宏、微观经济学2006，2009—2010经济学2003——2004,2006，2009-2010西方经济学2002，2005世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002台湾研究院宏、微观经济学2006，2009—2010经济学2003-—2004，2006,2009—2010西方经济学2002，2005世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002 政治学与行政学2004——2005（缺案例分析）中西文艺理论基础2000-—2002，2004—-2005 文艺评论写作2000-—2002中国现当代文学2000--2005文学基础2003——2004中外文学2000—-2002世界近代史2002世界现代史2002中国古代史2000通史1999中国近现代史2002——2004世界近现代史2003——2004现代政治思想（中、西）2008--2009教育研究院普通心理学1986-—1988,2000-—2005普通教育学2000——2005教育学1985,1987——1988高等教育学专业综合考试1985——1987心理学1985，1987发展心理学与教育心理学1987—-1988 中外教育史、比较教育学1999—-2001。

2019年厦门大学英语语言文学考研真题回忆专业课一写作与翻译708强调的一点是这一科考试时间非常紧。

3个小时一篇古文翻译，一篇500字中翻英。

两篇500词英翻中。

中翻英一篇古文翻译，另一篇题材较广，可能是社科类，政府工作报告，文学类。

（今年是文学类翻译，好像是意识流散文）英翻中题材也较广，有政府工作报告，社科类、文学类以及美国总统演讲。

以及两篇300词作文。

（今年一篇是the function of literature，另一个是personal career plan。

）因此翻译速度和写作速度都非常重要，这没有捷径，需要大量的练习才能提升1.翻译1. 古文翻译选自《孟子·非攻》的一段今有一人，入人园圃，窃其桃李，众闻则非之，上为政者得则罚之。

此何也？以亏人自利也。

至攘人犬豕鸡豚者，其不义又甚入人园圃窃桃李。

是何故也？以亏人愈多。

苟亏人愈多，其不仁兹甚，罪益厚。

至入人栏厩，取人马牛者，其不仁义又甚攘人犬豕鸡豚。

此何故也？以其亏人愈多。

苟亏人愈多，其不仁兹甚，罪益厚。

至杀不辜人也，拖其衣裘、取戈剑者，其不义又甚入人栏厩取人马牛。

此何故也？以其亏人愈多。

苟亏人愈多，其不仁兹甚，罪益厚。

当此，天下之君子皆知而非之，谓之不义。

今至大为不义攻国，则弗知非，从而誉之，谓之义。

此可谓知义与不义之别乎？《入院窃李》“今有一人……此可谓知义与不义之别乎？”百度搜，有原文2. 中译英内容不记得了是偏政治性的文章3. 英译中关于AI4. 英译中没大看懂前面讲真正的冒险者是什么样的，报纸媒体宣传的冒险者都是那种商业人士。

后面又讲什么陌生人。

作文写作有2篇，今年第一篇是讲 the function of literature （40分），给了一篇中文的文章，大概讲文学能让我们看到生活的另一面，看到平时看不到的，感受美，然后问你是否同意作者的观点以及为什么。

第二篇作文是：career plan（35分），必须说出 specific job, 以及你为什么选择这个工作，还有如何为它准备。

厦大外文系英语语言文学真题回忆外国语言学及应用语言学同试题集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]2017厦大外文系050201英语语言文学真题回忆二外法语：一.选择题（20小题，每题1分）：4选1二.近义词选择（10小题，每题1分）：根据句子中划线的词或者词组，选择最切近的选项，4选1三.人称代词填空（10小题，每小题分）四.对划线部分进行代词替换，并把直陈式改为命令式（5小题，每题1分）五.对句子中的划线部分，进行提问（5小题，每题1分）六.篇章时态填空（10空，每空1分）：篇章选自 Jack London 的作品（法语译作）七.阅读（1篇，9小题选择题，4选1；1小题根据划线语句写出中文意思。

共10分）文章内容：以法语写作的科技文章的衰落八.翻译，法翻中（3道题，总共15分）：出自阅读中的原文片段九.翻译，中翻法（3道题，总共15分）1.汉字是世界上最古老的文字之一，也是世界上使用人数最多的语言。

汉字的数量很大。

大约总共有60,000个汉字，其中常用字6,000个。

年前，中国工业主要集中于大连、天津、沈阳、青岛、上海、广州等东部沿海城市。

而除了武汉、重庆等几个大城市外，中西部的工业水平都非常低。

3.周恩来是一位出色的政治家、外交家，也是中国共产党的重要领导。

每一次他出现在外交场合，都会给热爱和平的人们带来希望。

他的出现象征着成功与胜利。

专业课一（翻译、写作）：一.翻译，中译英1.古文翻译（20分）出自韩愈《祭十二郎文》呜呼！吾少孤，及长，不省所怙，惟兄嫂是依。

中年，兄殁南方，吾与汝俱幼，从嫂归葬河阳。

既又与汝就食江南。

零丁孤苦，未尝一日相离也。

吾上有三兄，皆不幸早世。

承先人后者，在孙惟汝，在子惟吾。

两世一身，形单影只。

嫂尝抚汝指吾而言曰："韩氏两世，惟此而已！"汝时尤小，当不复记忆。

吾时虽能记忆，亦未知其言之悲也。

2.社科翻译（20分）类似政府工作报告中国自古奉行和平外交政策。

厦门大学外文学院考研一、厦门大学外文学院考研考试简介厦门大学外文学院有五个系，各系考试也不同，如下：英语语言文学系的英语语言文学专业考试科目为：①101思想政治理论②242俄语（二外）或243日语（二外）或244法语（二外）或245德语（二外）③708写作与英汉互译④814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础。

两个专业学位英语笔译和英语口译考试科目为：①101思想政治理论②211翻译硕士英语③357英语翻译基础④448汉语写作与百科知识。

欧洲语言文学系的俄语语言文学专业考试科目为：①101思想政治理论②241英语（二外）③610基础俄语④816综合俄语。

外语教学部的外国语言学及应用语言学专业考试科目为：①101思想政治理论②242俄语（二外）或243日语（二外）或244法语（二外）或245德语（二外）③708写作与英汉互译④814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础。

日语专业考试科目为：①101思想政治理论②241英语（二外）③611基础日语④817综合日语。

法语专业考试科目为：①101思想政治理论②241英语（二外）③709法国文化与文学④815法语综合考试。

二、厦门大学外文学院考研招生统计三、厦门大学外文学院考研指定参考书英语语言文学系俄语：《大学俄语》（ 1-3 册）董青、乔绪主编，北京大学出版社，或其他高校的公共俄语教材日语：《中日交流标准日本语》（初级上•下册、中级上•下册共四册），人民教育出版社，或其他高校的公共日语教材法语：《法语》（1、2、3、4册），马晓宏主编，外语教学与研究出版社，或《新大学法语》（1、2、3、4册），李志清总主编，高等教育出版社，2003年德语：《新编大学德语》 1-4 册，朱建华主编，外语教学与研究出版社，2004 年 9 月英语写作：《英语写作手册》丁往道等主编，外语教学与研究出版社， 1984 年，或其他高校英语专业写作教材英汉、汉英翻译：1、《英汉翻译教程》杨士焯著，北京大学出版社，2006年；2、《英译汉教程》连淑能编著，高等教育出版社， 2006年；3、《英汉对比研究》，连淑能著，高等教育出版社， 1993 年阅读理解：高校英语专业高年级通用教材英美文学基础知识：1、《英国文学选读》王守仁主编，高等教育出版社， 2000 年。

[2019初试真题回忆]2019年广州大学英语语言文学专业真题回忆往年英语语言文学的帖子不多，当时复习也挺茫然的，因此考完了趁还记得题型就先来写一篇回忆贴，以下如果有记错或记漏的欢迎同届考生指正。

英语语言文学的专业课考试在第二天进行：综合英语、翻译与写作。

一、综合英语1. 单项选择题。

主要是词汇辨析，词组搭配，有少量语法题，共30分，难度中下，跟专四的词汇辨析题有点像。

2. 完型填空。

这道题我在专四还是六级的完型真题里好像见过，但记得不是很清楚，是关于全球变暖对农业的影响。

粮食的供应、各国屯粮什么的。

不难，六级到专四的难度。

3. 阅读。

有三篇，每篇5个选择题，共15题。

全部在六级和专四的练习里做过，所以说啊，多做专四的题。

我买的全部是星火专八的资料，差不多都做完了，特别难，它会影响你的判断。

导致我在选择答案的时候不按常理出牌，总觉得不可能是那么简单的答案，其实答案原文里都完全找得到。

下面附上三篇阅读的原文和选项。

第一篇：Flats were almost unknown in Britain until the 1850s when they were developed, along with other industrial dwellings, for the laboring classes.These vast blocks were plainly a convenient means of easing social conscience by housing large numbers of the ever-present poor on compact city sites. During the 1880s, however, the idea of living in comfortable residential chambers caught on with the affluent upper and upper-middle classes, and controversy as to the advantages and disadvantages of flat life was a topic of conversation around many a respectable dinner-table. In Paris and other major European cities, the custom whereby the better-off lived in apartments, or fiats, was well established. Up to the late nineteenth century in England only bachelor barristers had established the tradition of living in rooms near the Law Court: any self-respecting head of household would insist upon a West End town house as his London home, the best that his means could provide.The popularity of flats for the better-off seems to have developed for a number of reasons. One is the introduction of the railways, which had enabled a wide range of people to enjoy a holiday staying in a suite at one of the luxury hotels which had begun to spring up during the previous decade. Hence, there is no doubt that many of the early luxury fiats were similar to hotel suites, even being provided with communal dining-rooms and central boilers for hot water and heating. Rents tended to be high to cover overheads, but savings were made possible by these communal amenities and by tenants being able to reduce thenumber of family servants.One of the earliest substantial London developments of flats for the well-to-do was begun soon after Victoria Railway Station was opened in 1860, as the train service provided an efficient link with both the City and the South of England. Victoria Street, adjacent to both the Station and Westminster, had already been formed, and under the direction of the architect, Henry Ashton, was being lined, with blocks of residential chambers in the Parisian manner. These fiats were commodious indeed, offering between eight and fifteen rooms apiece, including appropriate domestic offices. The idea was an emphatic departure from the tradition of the London house and achieved immediate Success.Perhaps the most notable block in the vicinity was Queen Anne\'s Mansions, partly designed by E.R. Robson in 1884 and recently demolished. For many years, this was London\'s loftiest building and had strong claims to be the ugliest. The block modeled on the American skyscraper, and was nearly 200 feet high. The cliff-like walls of dingy brick completely overshadowed the modest thoroughfare nearby. Although bleak outside, the mansion fiats were palatial within, with sumptuously furnished communal entertaining and dining rooms, and lifts to the uppermost floors. The success of these tall blocks of flats could not have been achieved, of course, without the invention of the lift, or \'ascending carriage\' as it was called when firstused in the Strand Law Courts in the 1870s.1、Flats first appeared in Britain in the middle of the 19th century whenA. they were principally built for those families with several servants.B. people were not conscious of the crowded housing of the less well-to-do.C. there was increasing concern over accommodation for the poor.D. people became conscious of the social needs of the rural population.2、English upper-middle-class families preferred toA. live mainly outside London, where it was healthier and cheaper.B. live in the West End.C. live near their working place.D. live in London, but mainly not in the West End.3、One effect of the railways\' coming to central London was to stimulate the building ofA. large and well-appointed hotels.B. blocks of self-contained fiats.C. rows of elegant town houses.D. fiats similar to hotel suites.4、The immediate success of the flats in Victoria Street could be attributed toA. the unusual number of rooms each fiat contained.B. their revolutionary style of architecture.C. the ease with which they could be used as offices.D. their French style of architecture.5、Which of the following is true about the interior and exterior of Queen Anne\'s Mansions?A. They were elegantly decorated both inside and outside.B. They were grim from the outside and had a modest decor inside.C. They were flashy from the street but nondescript inside.D. They were plain outside but with lavish interior.第二篇：As a firefighter, I have seen many people die in hotel fires. Most could have saved themselves if they had been prepared. Contrary to what you have seen in the movies, fire is not likely to chase you down and burn you to death. It’s the by-products of fire-smoke and panic- that are almost always the causes of death.For example, a man wakes up at 2:30 am due to the smell of smoke. He pulls on his pants and runs into the hallway-to be greeted by heavy smoke. He has no idea where the exit is, so he runs first to the right. No exit. Where is it? Panic sets in. He’s coughing and gagging now; his eyes hurt. He can t see his way back to his room. His chest hurt; he needs oxygen desperately. He rims in the other direction, completely disoriented. At 2:50 am we find him dead of smoke inhalation.Smoke, because it is warmer than air, will start accumulating at the ceiling and works its way down. The fresh air you should breathe is near the floor. What’s more, smoke is extremely irritating to the eyes. Your eyes will take only so much irritation, then they will close and you won t be able to open them.Your other enemy, panic, can make you do things that could kill you. The man in the foregoing example would not have died if he had known what to do. Had he found out beforehand where the exit was four doors down on the left-he could have gotten down on his hands and knees close to the floor, where the air is fresher. Then, even if he couldn\'t keep his eyes open, he could have felt the wall as he crawled, counting doors.1. The major point discussed in the passage is ( )A. a firefighter\'s jobВ. How to cope with fireC. the danger of fireD. the real cause of death in fire.2. Which of the following persons would most likely die in hotel fires?( )A. Those who get down on their hands and knees close to the door.B. Those who leave the hotel at the first sign of smoke.C. Those who look before they leap out of a low window.D. Those who don t know where the exits are.3. The man who died of smoke inhalation is an example given by the author to show( )A. the disastrous consequence of panic and smokeB. the importance of precaution against fireC. the disastrous consequence of a big hotel fireD. the importance of being well-prepared in your room4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?( )A. Fire is unlikely to turn you to death directly.B. Smoke and panic are almost always the causes of death.C. You should keep calm in the hotel fire.D. Movies show the right rules for surviving hotel fires.5. The word \"disoriented”(Para.2) means ( )A. losing all sense of directionB. losing all strength against fireС. unable to see the wayD. mortally afraid第三篇:War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality (守卫地盘的天性) are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate (天生的) survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existences of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function. It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical (道德上的) patterns within which human violence has been directed.The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. In a statecontrolled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility for their protection.The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combating to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a community’s deepest religious and ethical commitments.31. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that __（B）__.A) it threatens the existing social systemsB) it is influenced by societyC) it has roots in religious conflictsD) it is directed against institutions of law32. The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is __（A）__.A) to control violence within a societyB) to protect the world from chaosC) to free society from the idea of revengeD) to give the government absolute power33. What does the author mean by saying “... in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused”(Lines 4-5, Para. 2)? （D）A) Legal systems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence.B) Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis.C) Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge.D) Punishment is not carried out directly by the individuals involved.34. The word “allegiance”(Line 4, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to __（A）__.A) loyaltyB) objectiveC) survivalD) motive35. What can we learn from the last paragraph? __（D）__A) Governments tend to abuse their supreme power in times of war.B) In times of war governments may extend their power across national borders.C) In times of war governments impose high religious and ethical standards on their people.D) Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times of war.4.改错。

2019年福建师范大学英语语言文学初试真题回忆
[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年福建师范大学英语语言文学初试真题回忆
先说下这个贴是抛砖引玉用的因为板块里没有这个贴所以我开一个
我本人没有任何准备就政治看了一天最后还是选择去考所以这个帖子纯粹是抛砖引玉希望有参加考试的快去开贴把更多的回忆还有经验告诉大家鸭
综合英语
1. 作品与作家匹配（有几个忘了）
呼啸山庄
永别了武器
儿子与情人
我弥留之际
达洛维夫人
麦克白
金色笔记本
推销员之死
The importance of being earnest
On the road
The return of the native（不太确定，好像有）
2. 语言学（完全没复习，只记得一题了）
root/free morpheme/prefix，suffix/ bound morpheme sociolinguistic……还有n多
3. 词汇
替换题是把单词替换为take词组，其他略。

4. 人文社科判断对错
5. 阅读
翻译与写作
1. 中译英：为了大学生生源的多样性，我们要加强对基础教育重视程度
2. 英译中：你的文章要如何说服读者
3. 作文：On the relationship between motivation and creation
不要问我为什么没日语就是因为日语读不下去才放弃准备……。

20年厦门大学英语语言文学考研择校、参考书、报录比、真题、考研经验厦门大学（Xiamen University），简称厦大（XMU），由著名爱国华侨领袖陈嘉庚先生于1921年创办，是中国近代教育史上第一所华侨创办的大学，是国内最早招收研究生的大学之一，中国首个在海外建设独立校园的大学，被誉为“南方之强”。

学校是教育部直属的副部级大学，综合性研究型全国重点大学，入选“211工程”、“985工程”，“111计划”、“珠峰计划”、首批20所学位自主审核高校、2019年厦门大学英语语言文学招生专业目录、考试科目考试科目①101思想政治理论②242俄语（二外）或243日语（二外）或244法语（二外）或245德语（二外）③708写作与英汉互译④814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础考试题型解析以及参考书目（一）. 关于①101思想政治理论：政治满分为100分，16题单选，1分一题；17题多选，2分一题；简答题共5题，每题十分，共计50分。

政治复习时间不用开始的太早，个人建议，可以在暑假就开始每天看一点，可以报新祥旭的考研辅导班，跟着老师先过一遍考纲，考研辅导老师比我们有经验，知道哪些是重点考点，这样的话我们就有的放矢，减少我们的记忆负担，以下是政治参考用书：1.肖秀荣考研政治命题人知识点精讲精练2.肖秀荣考研政治命题人1000题3.《风中劲草》杨杰，学林出版社4.《肖秀荣考研政治命题人终极预测8套卷》，北京航空航天大学出版社。

5.《肖秀荣考研政治命题人终极预测4套卷》，北京航空航天大学出版社。

6. 徐涛考研政治考前预测必背20题7.各种模拟卷：考研政治命题人终极预测8套卷徐涛主编;石磊考研政治冲刺5套卷;任汝芬考研政治序列四最后四套题;蒋中挺考研思想政治理论绝对考场最后五套题。

（二）. 关于②244法语（二外）：厦大法语真题满分为100分，题型包括：单项选择（一般为20题，共计20分），介词填空，时态填空，完形填空，阅读理解，法译汉（15分），汉译法（15分），没有作文。

2018厦大英语语言文学的真题回忆，希望对大家有点用708写作汉译英（20分）1、文言文2、政治英译汉（20分）1、文学2、忘记了写作（70分）1、翻译一段有关爱国主义教育的话，谈谈翻译者对爱国主义教育的贡献。

2、根据所提供的文章材料，谈谈"You should be yourself or you should not be yourself"814阅读及英美文学、语言学第一部分五篇阅读第二部分语言学1、syntagmatic和paradigmatic的区别2、给出一些word formation的方法，如blenging、borrowing、abbreviation、combination、derevation等，让后给出一些单词，让你和以上列出的构词法配对，然后解释那些构词法的含义。

3、functions of language(要求只写五个)use examples to explain them。

4、phone是什么。

phoneme、allophone的关系。

5、language and culture第三部分英美文学1、八个作家作品配对2、术语解释（和以往不一样了，今年直接给出四个让你写，以为是给出多个选三个）3、问答题differences between American romantism and romantism in England4、诗歌Emily Dickens的I Could Not Stop One Heart from Breaking。

二外法语1、选择题2、复合过去时态填空3、介词填空4、篇章时态填空5、两篇阅读6、法译汉（都是前两篇阅读中的）7、汉译法欢迎补充！。

[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年厦门大学英语语言文学初试真题回忆
2019厦大英语语言文学
真题粗糙回忆版（708）
翻译
1.中翻英
A《入院窃李》“今有一人……此可谓知义与不义之别乎？”百度搜，有原文
B 应该是某政府工作报告中的选段，不多，就几句话
2.英翻中
A 关键词true adventurer ，差不多都是讲这个，好像有三段，还挺长的
B 关键词AI ，讲人工智能给人类带来的利弊，大概是这样。

也蛮长的，好像也是三段。

作文
1.主题：文学
引用了某作家的一段文字。

文学是什么？跟人生价值有什么关系？……（好像是这样说的吧）印象最深刻的就是“文学就像那湖水里头白杨树的倒影”这句话。

然后就是写自己的想法看法啦，400字
2.future career plan
写自己的职业规划，what, why, how 三个方面
回忆版（814）
阅读5篇，不知道是不是错觉，感觉难度不是很高。

名词解释四个：
dramatic monologue
Byronic hero
Gothic fiction
Beat generation
诗歌鉴赏是华兹华斯的my heart leaps up
问题大概是这样的：
1.诗歌名字的含义
2.诗歌所要表达的是
3.为什么说The child is father of the man
今年没有人物分析题哦，其他的记不清楚了，凭着七毛钱的记忆就记了这么点，可能有少许出入，欢迎补充纠正
20研子们加油呀！（´∀｀）
有需要历年真题和笔记资料等的也可以找我。

厦门大学2004年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题招生专业英语语言文学考试课程阅读及英美文学、语言学417研究方向____________________注意：答案必须标明题号，按序写在专用答题纸上，写在本试卷上或草稿纸上者一律不给分。

Write down your answers to all the questions in this test in separate blank answer sheets provided at your test center.Part One Reading Comprehension 70 pointsDirections: Each passage is followed by questions based on its content. After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.Passage 1The tap dancer, like the flamenco performer, is basically an improviser. Thus looking at tap one wants to savor the personality and inventiveness of the individual. When Bill Robinson danced in the movies, his technical skill and sophisticated rhythms could be heard as well as seen. The Nicholas Brothers ran up walls or the proscenium arch of the theater or jumped off platforms and landed in splits on the floor. Peg Leg Bates, who had lost a leg, made a specialty out of dancing with his wooden leg. Sandman Sims scattered sand on the floor (as Fred Astaire did in one of his films) and tapped ever so softly, slid and turned in dances as soothing as lullabies.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?(A)The styles of various tap dancers(B)The structure of the modern dance theater(C)The difference between flamenco and tap dancing(D)The use of dance in certain movie productions2.According to the passage, in what way is a flamenco dancer similar to a tap dancer?(A)Both perform the same kinds of steps (B) Both rely on individual inventiveness(C) Both are trained in classical techniques (D) Both make very little noise3.An acrobatic style of dancing was most closely associated with which of the followingperformers?(A)Peg Leg Bates (B) Bill Robinson(C) The Nicholas Brothers (D) Sims and Astaire4.Which two dancers used sand in their routines?(A) Robinson and Sims (B) The Nicholas Brothers (C) Bates and Robinson (D) Simsand Astaire5.The author implies which of the following about tap dancing?(A)It is more complex than flamenco dancing(B)It is meant to be heard as well as seen(C)It became popular primarily because of the movies(D)Tt should be performed by at least two people.Passage 2The science of meteorology is concerned with the study of the structure, state, andbehavior of the atmosphere・ The subject may be approached from several directions, but the scene cannot be fully appreciated from any advantage point- Different views must be integrated to give perspective to the whole picture. One may consider the condition of the atmosphere at a given moment and attempt to predict changes from that condition over a period of a few hours to a few days ahead. This approach is covered by the branch of the science called synoptic (天气的)meteorology. Synoptic meteorology is the scientific basis of the technique of weather forecasting by means of the preparation and analysis of weather mapsand aerological diagram. The practical importance of the numerous applications of weather forecasting cannot be overestimated. In serving the needs of shipping, aviation, agriculture, industry, and many other interests and fields of human activity with accurate weather warnings and professional forecast advice, great benefits are reaped in the form of the saving of human life and property and in economic advantages of various kinds. One important purpose of the science of meteorology is constantly to strive, through advanced study and research, to increase our knowledge of the atmosphere with the aim of improving the accuracy of weather forecasts. The tools needed to advance our knowledge in this way are the disciplines of mathematics and physics applied to solve meteorological problems. The use of these tools forms that branch of the science called dynamic meteorology. 6. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A) The Limitations of Meteorological Forecasting B) New Advances in Synoptic Meteorology C) Approaches to the Science of Meteorology D) The Basics of Dynamic Meteorology7.The prediction of synoptic meteorologists are directly based on the ___(A) application of the physical sciences (B) preparation and study of weather maps(C) anticipated needs of industry (D) observations of commercial airline pilots8.Which of the following is NOT referred to by the author as a field whose needs are served by weather forecasting? A) Transportation. B) Manufacturing. C) Farming. D) Sports.9.The author implies that increased accuracy in weather forecasting will lead to ・A)more funds allocated to meteorological research B) greater protection of human life C) a higher number of professional forecasters D) less-specialized forms of synoptic meteorology10.Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the thirdparagraph of the passage? A) A procedure is explained and its importance isemphasized. B) Two contrasting views of a problem are presented. C) Recent scientific advancements are outlined in order of importance. D) A problem is examined and possible solutions are given.11.In the last sentence of the passage, the phrase "these tools9' refers to ________ • A)weather forecasts B) meteorological problems C) mathematics and physics D) economic advantagePassage 3There are three basic ways in which individual economic units interact with one another. They are the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system. In a market system, individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the market place. Transactions may take place through barter or money exchange. In a bartereconomy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade an old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. An alternative to the market system is administered control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue laws or commands as to how much each goods and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan drawn up by the government shows the amount of each commodity produced by the various firms and distributed to different households for consumption. In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition. Each peris)nplacc with the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health,and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone progress may be difficult to achieve.12.What is the main purpose of the passage? A) To explain the science of economics.B) To outline types of economic systems. C) To argue for the superiority of one economic system. D) To compare barter and money exchange markets. 13. In the second paragraph, by which of the following could the word n real n best be replaced? A) High quality. B) Concrete. C) Utter. D) Essential.14.According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to A) rapid speed of transactionsB) misunderstandings C) inflation D) difficulties for the traders15.According to the passage who has the greatest degree of control on an administered system? A) Individual households. B) Small businesses. C) Major companies. D) The government.Passage 4What is the future for cities? Why does one inner-city neighborhood become a slum and another a high-class district? Why does one city attract new shopper and visitors while another languishes?Camden, New Jersey, displays the strong contrast that characterize American urban areas. The central city of Camden houses an isolated underclass., while suburban Camden County prospers. The population of the city of Camden has declined from 117,000 in 1960 to less than 80,000 today. Nearly 85 percent of the city's residents are black and Hispanic, while the white population has declined from 90,000 in 1960 to 10,000 today. Only 1 percent of the households remaining have annual incomes of more than $50,000, compared with 20 percent in the rest of the country and 10 percent among all black households.More than 40 percent of Camden^s residents are under eighteen, closer to the level found in developing countries than to eh rest of the United States. Job prospects are not promising for these young people, because more than half have left school without obtaining a high-school diploma. In the past, Camden^s youths could find jobs in factories that produced CampbelTs soups, Esterbrook pens, and RCA Victor records, radios, and televisions, but the city has lost 90 percent of its industrial jobs. TheEsterbrook and Campbell factories in Camden are closed, though CampbelPs corporate offices remain: General Electric now operates the former RCA factory but with a labor force at only 15 percent of the level during the 1960s. CamderTs unemployment rate is more than twice the national average.As Camden^s population and industries decline, few shops have enough customers to remain open・ The city once had thirteen movie theaters, but none are left. The murder rate soared after gangs carved up the city into districts during the mid-1980s to control cocaine trafficking.Meanwhile, Camden County - excluding the city - has grown from 275,000 in 1960 to more than 400,000 today. Cherry Hill has more than 75,000 residents today, compared to less than 10,000 in 1960, and will surpass Camden as the largest city in the county before the end of the decade. About 85 percent of Cherry Hill's high-school graduates go on to college. Cherry Hill has attracted so many new jobs that the major obstacles to further economic growth is a shortage of qualified workers.Camden9s mismatch between the locations of people, jobs, resources, and services exemplifies the urban crisis throughout the United States, as well as in other countries. Geographers help us to understand why these patterns arise, and what be done about them.16.Which of the following is NOT TRUE?A)Camden County is larger than the city of Camden.B)Cherry HilTs economy is sluggish C) The white people have moved to the suburbs. D) General Electric now employs less workers than it used to.17.What is the author most likely to do in the following section?A)Elaborating on geographical patterns of other areas.B)Quoting government policies in favor of her view.C)Highlighting statistics in support of her argument.D)Proposing possible solutions to the problem.Passage 5For a long time we have worked hard at isolating the individual family. This has increased the mobility of individuals; and by encouraging young families to break away from older generations and the home community, we have burdened every small family with tremendous responsibilities once shared within three generations and among a large number of people 一the nurturing of small children, the initiation of adolescents into adulthood, and care of the sick and disabled and the protection of the aged・What we have failed to realize to realize is that even as we have separated the single family from the larger society, we have expected each couple to take on a range of obligations that traditionally have been shared within a family and a wilder community.So all over the world there are millions of families left alone, as it were, each in its own box 一parents faced with the specter of what may happen if either one gets sick, children fearful that their parents may end their quarrels with divorce, and empty-handed old people without any role in the life of the next generation.Then, having reduced little by little to almost nothing the relationship between families the community, when families get into trouble because they cannot accomplish the impossible, we turn their problems over to impersonal social agencies, which can act only in a fragmented way because they are limited to patchwork programs that often are too late to accomplish what is most needed.Individuals and families do get some kind of help, but what they learn and what those who work hard within the framework of social agencies convey, even as they try to help, is that families should be able to care for themselves.18.According to the author, when young families are isolated, _____A)old people can easily accept the change B) people can move from place to placeC)individuals can hardly become innovative D) economy develops at high speed19.What is said to be the major problem facing young couples?A)They need to be fulfill more dutiesB)They are incapable of balancing the budgetC)They have their children spoiled and overindulgedD)They get empty-handed after divorce.20.The author implies that _______ .A)social agencies in America can be very helpfulB)the help of American families from social agencies is limited・C)the government should do more to improve patchwork programs.D)the fragmentary nature of the American family is unique.Passage 6Throughout human history there have been many stringent taboos concerning watching other people eat or eating in the presence of others. There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social relationships either between those who are involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need, or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging・Undoubtedly such elements exist in the taboos, but there is an additional element with a much more fundamental importance. In prehistoric times, when food was so precious and the on-lookers so hungry, not to offer half of the little food one had was unthinkable, since every glance was a plea for life. Further, during those times, people existed in nuclear or extended family groups, and the sharing of food was quite literally supporting one's family or, by extension, preserving one's self.21.If the argument in the passage is valid, taboos against eating in the presence of otherswho are not also eating would be LEAST likely in a society that(A)always had a plentiful supply of food(B)emphasized the need to share worldly goods(C)emphasized the value of privacy(D)discouraged overindulgence22.According to the passage, the author believes that past attempts to explain some taboos concerning eating are(A)implausible (B) incomplete (D) ill-founded (D) inelegant Passage 7Air, like words, is a form of communication. Words, spoken and written, render accessible to humans of the latest generations all the knowledge discovered by the experience and reflection, both of preceding generations and of the best and foremost minds of their own times. Art renders accessible to people of the latest generations all the feelings experienced by their predecessors, and those already felt by their best andforemost contemporaries. Just as the proceeds through art. Feelings less kind and less necessary for the well-being of humankind are replaced by other kinder and more essential to that end. This is the purpose of art, and the more art fulfills that purpose that better the art; the less it fulfills it, the worse the art.23.The author develops the passage primarily by ____(A)theory and refutation (B) example and generalization(C) question and answer (D) inference and deduction24.According to the author, knowledge is ___(A)evolutionary and emotional (B) cumulative and progressive(C) static and unmoving (D) dynamic and cyclical25.The style of the passage can best be described as ____(A)speculative (B) argumentative (D) expository (D) sarcastic Passage 8Our current system of unemployment compensation has increased nearly all sources of adult unemployment seasonal and cyclical variations in the demand for labor, weak labor force attachment, and unnecessarily long durations of unemployment. First, for those who are already unemployed, the system greatly reduces the cost of extending the period of unemployment. Second, for all types of unsteady work 一seasonal, cyclical and casual 一it raises the net wage to the employee, relative to the cost of the employer.As for the first, consider a worker who earns $500 per month or $6000 per year if she experiences no employment. If she is unemployed for one month, she loses $500 in gross earnings but only $116 in net income. How does this occur? A reduction of $500 in annual earning reduces her federal, payroll and state tax liability by $134. Unemployment compensation consists of 50 percent of her wage or $25(). Her net income therefore falls from $366 if is employed, to $250 paid as unemployment compensation. Moreover, part of the higher income from employment is offset by the cost of transportation to work and other expenses associated with employment; and in some industries, the cost of unemployment is reduced further or even made negative by the supplementary unemployment benefits paid by employers under collective bargaining agreements. The overall effect is to increase the duration of a typical spell of unemployment and to increase the frequency with which individuals lose jobs and become unemployed.The more general effect of unemployment compensation is to increase the seasonal and cyclical fluctuations in the demand for labor and the relative number of short-lived casual jobs. A worker who accepts such work knows she will be laid off when the season ends. If there were no unemployment compensation, workers could be induced to accept such unstable jobs only if the wage rate were sufficiently higher in those jobs than in the more stable alternative. The higher cost of labor, then would induce employers to reduce the instability of employment by smoothing production lags, by additional development of off-season work and by the introduction of new production techniques, e.g. new methods of outdoor work in bad weather.Employers contribute to the state unemployment compensation fund on the basis of their own previous employers. Within limits, the more benefits that those former employees draw, the higher is the employer^ tax rate. The theory of experience rating is clear. If an employer paid the full cost of the unemployment benefits that his former employees received, unemployment compensation would provide no incentive to an excess use of unstable unemployment. In practice, however, experience rating is limitedby a maximum rate of employer contribution. For any firm which pays the maximum rate, there is no cost for additional unemployment and no gain from a small reduction in unemployment.The challenge at this time is to restructure the unemployment system in a way that strengthens its good features while reducing the harmful distinctive effects. Some gains can be achieved by removing the ceiling on the employer's rate of contribution and by lowering the minimum rate to zero. Employers would then pay the full price of unemployment insurance benefits were taxed in the same way as other earnings. This would eliminate the anomalous situations in which a worker^ net income is actually reduced when he returns to work.26.The authors primary concern is to _______(A)defend the system of unemployment compensation against criticism(B)advocate expanding the benefits and scope of coverage of unemployment compensation(C)point to weakness inherent in government programs which subsidize individuals(D)suggest reform to eliminate inefficiencies in unemployment compensation27.The author cites the example of a worker earning $500 per month in order to _____(A)show the disincentive created by unemployment compensation for that worker to return to work(B)demonstrate that the employers do not bear the full cost of worker compensation(C)condemn workers who prefer to live on unemployment compensation to taking a job(D)explain why employers prefer to hire seasonal workers instead of permanent workers for short-term jobs28.The author mentions all of the following as ways by which employers might reduce seasonal and cyclical unemployment EXCEPT _____(A)developing new techniques of production not affected by weather(B)slowing delivery schedules to provide work during slow seasons(C)adopting a system of supplementary benefits for workers laid of in slow periods(D)finding new jobs to be done by workers during the off-season.29.With which of the following statements about experience rating would the author most likely agree?(A)Experience rating is theoretically sound, but its effectiveness in practice in undermined by maximum contribution ceilings(B)Experience rating is an inefficient method of computing employer contributionbecause an employer has no control over the length of an employee's unemployment (C)Experience rating is theoretically invalid and should be replaced by a system in whichthe employee contributes the full amount of benefits he will later receive.(D)Experience rating is basically fair, but its performance could be improved by requiring large firms to pay more than small firms.30.It can be inferred that the author regards the unemployment compensation system is(A)socially necessary (B) economically efficient(C) inherently wasteful (D) seriously outdatedPassage 9In the past, evolutionary biologists contemplating the absence of wheels in natureagreed that the explanation was not undesirability; wheels would be good for animals, just as they are for us. Animals were prevented from evolving wheels, the biologists reasoned, by the following dilemma: Living cells in an animal's body are connected to the heart by blood vessels, and to the brain by nerves. Because a rotating joint is essential to a wheel, a wheel made of living cells would twist its artery, vein, and nerve connections at the first revolution, making living wheels impracticable.However, there is a flaw in the argument that the evolution of wheeled animals was thwarted by the insoluble joint problem. The theory fails to explain why animals have not evolved wheels of dead tissue with no need for arteries and nerves. Countless animals, including us, bear external structures without blood supply or nerves 一for example, our hair and fingernails, or the scales, claws, and horns of other animals. Why have rats not evolved bony wheels, similar to roller skates? Paws might be more useful than wheels in some situations, but cat's claws are retractable; why not retractable wheels? We thus arrive at the serious biological paradox flippantly termed the RRR dilemma: nature^ failure to produce rats with retractable roller skates.31 ・ Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(A)Evolutionary Biology: New Research Methods(B)How Do Living Joints Function?(C)Wheels for Animals: A Biological Possibility?(D)The Evolutionary History of The Wheel32.The passage discusses the evolution of animals in terms of their _____(A)genetic structures (B) reproductive cycles (C) anatomy (D) behavior33.The structural material of the wheels discussed in the passage in would be similar to that of ______(A)nerves (B) joints (C) arteries and veins (D) scales and horns34.The concept of retractable roller skates, mentioned in the last sentence, would be best explained as _____(A)an evolutionary variation of claws(B)a complex structure of living tissue(C)an example of human intervention in natural development(D)a new discovery by evolutionists Passage 10When the persuading and the planning for the western railroads had finally been completed, the really challenging task remained: the dangerous, sweaty, backbreaking, brawling business of actually building the lines. The men who took it on comprised the most cosmopolitan work crew in American history. They included Civil War veterans and freed slaves, Irish and German immigrants, Mormons and atheists, Shoshonis, Paiutes, Washos, and Chinese.At the peak of their labors, the work crews laid two to five miles of track a day. The men filled ravines, ran spidery trestles across rivers and valleys, and punched holes through mountains. And they did all these jobs largely by their own muscle power.Flatcars carried rails to within half a mile of the railhead; there the iron was loaded onto carts. An eyewitness described the procedure: “A light car, drawn by a single horse, gallops up to the front with its load rails. Two men seize the end of a rail and start forward, the rest of the gang taking holding by twos until it is clear of the car. They comeforward at a run. At the word of command, the rail is dropped in its place, right side up. Less than thirty seconds to a rail for each gang, and so four rails to down to the minute：35.Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage?(A)An Eyewitness Report (B) A Difficult Task(C) The Hiring Of a Construction Crew (D) The Railroad And The Civil War36.According to the passage, in addition to laying railroad track, the work crew did which of the following?(A)Climbed over mountain peaks. (B) Planned railroads.(C) Caught horses (D) Made tunnels.37.In second paragraph, the word "they" refers to _____(A) men (B) valleys (C) mountains (D) jobs38.Which of the following phrases could be substituted for the phrased "clear of (in thethird paragraph) without changing the meaning of the sentence?(A) put through (B) visible to (C) away from (D) open toPassage 11With the show Rodeo, Agnes de Mille had been an innovator in the world of ballet. But with the show Oklahoma!, she revolutionized the Broadway stage 一brought to an end the dance line routine of high kicks and mechanized movement, and gave in its place dance and plot smoothly integrated, choreography reinforcing the action. Twenty-five years later, in March, 196& a New York Times article by the theater critic Walter Kerr, headed "In the Beginning Was Oklahoma!： stated, "Oklahoma! had a plot. It had to do with whether a boy would succeed in taking emotional implications had to be danced out at great length in what remains the most exhilarating dancing ... ever devised for the United States musical comedy stage.^The impact of Oklahoma! was instantaneous. The song ''Beautiful Morning^ sounded out via radios, in restaurants, from cars passing on the highways, in shoeshine parlors. Full skirts of gingham patterns, street shoes made to look like ballet slippers, the ponytail hairdo, were the rage・ The play ran for five years and nine weeks in New York City. A traveling road company played it for nine and a half years. It also toured abroad for several years. In 1955 it became a movie. A newly assembled all-star company was sent abroad by the State Department as representative of a part of United States culture.As for Agnes de Mille, her days of giving recitals and losing $300 to $1,000 each time were over. She became the most sought-after choreographer on Broadway.39.What is the authors main purpose in the passage?(A)To explain the background of the song "Beautiful Morning^(B)To compare Rodeo and Oklahoma!(C)To describe Agnes de Mille's success with Oklahoma!(D)To discuss the fashions made popular by Oklahoma!40.The author cites Walter Kerr because he was _____(A)the composer of the music for Oklahoma!(B)a dancer who performed with Agnes de Mille(C)a critic who praised Agnes de Millet choreography(D)the owner of The New York Times41.In the second paragraph, the expression "were the rage^ could best be replaced by。