2019大学英语六级语法常考知识讲解(第25讲)

句子的基本构造和成分句子基本构造和成分知识精讲一、句子基本构造1.主谓宾构造：“主谓宾”构造是英文表达中最基本的构造，表达“谁做了什么事” ，句中的“谁”即主语；“做了”即谓语；“什么事”为宾语。

1).主语：能够作主语的成分闻名词( 如 boy) ，主格代词 ( 如 you) ，数词，动词不定式，动名词等。

主语一般在句首。

注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家，如：The boy comes from America.这个男孩来自美国。

He made a speech.他做了演讲。

Tow and two is four.二乘二等于四。

To be a teacher is my dream.成为老师是我的梦想。

Doing a research is a necessary step when you write an essay.当你写论文时，做检查是很有必需的一步。

2).谓语：谓语由动词组成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语以后，后接宾语。

但谓语能够是不及物动词(vi.)，没有宾语，形成主谓构造，如：I have arrived.我已经到了Many changes took place in my hometown.家乡发生了好多变化。

注：以下这些词是不及物动词：表发生、出现的，如：take place, appear,happen,break out;表来、去，如：come, go等3).宾语：宾语位于及物动词以后，一般同主语组成相同，不一样的是组成宾语的代词一定是宾格形式，如：me，him ，them 等。

除了代词宾格能够作宾语外，名词，动名词，不定式等能够作宾语，如：I will do it tomorrow.我明日在做（这件事）。

The boy needs a pen.这个男孩需要一只钢笔。

I like swimming.我喜爱游泳。

I like to swim this afternoon.我今日下午喜爱游泳。

高中英语必修一语法汇总Unit 3：附加疑问句一、附加疑问句的定义附加疑问句，又称反义疑问句，主要用于口语，其作用是说话人向对方验证自己的陈述或者判断，也可以用于祈使句表示请求或者建议。

二、附加疑问句的构成附加疑问句包括陈述部分和附加疑问部分。

附加疑问部分一般由助动词、be 动词或情态动词和表示主语的代词构成。

组成例句肯定式陈述部分＋否定附加疑问部分You often play badminton, don't you?You're going to the gym with me, aren't you？否定式陈述部分＋肯定附加疑问部分It's not a real sport, is it?They can't finish it by Friday, can they？含有否定词的陈述部分＋肯定附加疑问部分Nobody saw him walk into the room, did they?You've never been to Paris, have you？祈使句＋附加疑问部分Come along with me, will you？/can you？/won't you？/can't you?Don't make any noise, will you？附加疑问句的答语与一般疑问句类似，注意其与汉语表达习惯的差异。

如：(1)A：The29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing,weren't they?B：Yes,they were.(Yes, that's right.)(2)A：MichaelJordan started to play basketball in college, didn't he?B：No,he didn't. He first played in a team in senior high school.(3)A：Davidhas been to a boxing match, hasn't he?B：No,he hasn't. He always watches boxing on TV.(4)A：Youcan't cook, can you？你不会做饭，是吗？B：Yes,I can. I'm good at cooking.不，我会。

2019最新高考英语语法要点细讲精练01—定语从句（详解）注意事项：认真阅读理解，结合历年的真题，总结经验，查找不足！重在审题，多思考，多理解！无论是单选、多选还是论述题，最重要的就是看清题意。

在论述题中，问题大多具有委婉性，尤其是历年真题部分，在给考生较大发挥空间的同时也大大增加了考试难度。

考生要认真阅读题目中提供的有限材料，明确考察要点，最大限度的挖掘材料中的有效信息，建议考生答题时用笔将重点勾画出来，方便反复细读。

只有经过仔细推敲，揣摩命题老师的意图，积极联想知识点，分析答题角度，才能够将考点锁定，明确题意。

【考纲解读】定语从句在历年的高考全国卷及各地卷的单项填空中，都是考试热点。

在今后的高考试题中，定语从句仍是考查的重点。

定语从句常被考查的知识有：〔1〕九个不同的关系代词或副词引导的限制性定语从句；〔2〕七个不同的关系代词或副词引导的非限制性定语从句；〔3〕对as，which，that，what 代词的理解区分及运用。

考查往往是通过关系代词或关系副词来实现，并考查定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的区别。

总之，对定语从句的考查主要集中在关系代词和关系副词的选择上，我们尤其要注意“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。

【知识要点】【一】形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可【二】引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose关系副词有when，where，why关系代词和关系副词不仅有连接先行词和从句的作用，而且在从句中担当一个句子成分。

1.1)由who关系代词whoAteacherisapersonwhopassesknowledgetothestudent.教师是传授知识的人。

〔关系代词在从句中作主语〕Themanwhocandothisworkwillget1000dollars.能够做此工作的人将获得1000美元。

〔关系代词who在从句中作主语〕2)由whom关系代词whom只能指人，是whoThemanwhomyoumetonthestreetismyfather.你在街上碰到的那个人是我父亲。

2019年高考英语翻译技巧讲解一、考点分析高考英语翻译题要求考生根据括号里所提示的单词将句子从汉语译成英语。

测试目标：翻译题主要考查考生对词汇，语法和句型结构的综合运用能力。

命题走向：翻译题不仅考查考生对所学英语基础知识的掌握程度，而且还要在一定程度上考查考生对中英两种语言表达差异的敏感性，要求考生将汉语的意思用符合英语语言习惯的句子表达出来。

二、专题详解知识点翻译步骤：看括号定时态抓主干添枝叶1. 直译和意译直译和意译没有明确界限，往往是一句汉语整体可以直译，但局部（特别是成语和俗语）却要通过意译。

1．注意逻辑主语的变化。

1)他的话让我忍俊不禁。

I couldn’t help laughing at what he had said.2)那个国家又发生地震了。

Another earthquake broke out in that country.3)要注意的随词汇改变语序的词还有take place, happen, appear, exist, occur, spring up比如：It suddenly occurred to him that he had forgotten to take his driving license.Lots of bars have sprung up in the streets of Shanghai.4)你不可能独立完成任务。

It is impossible for you to complete the task alone.2. 适当加和减词1)我爸爸是老师，在重点中学教书。

My father is a teacher and teaches in a middle school.2)每天早晨妈妈是全家第一个起床的人。

Every morning Mum is the first to get up in the family.3)这是妈妈告诉我的。

动词形式最常考，“谓”与“非谓”要辨清考点2 复杂多变的非谓语动词第一组Ⅰ. 语法填空(2018·福州市八县市一中联考) China is in mourning after its most famous and oldest captive(被圈养的) panda Basi died __1. aged__ (age) thirtyseven. Basi was born in the wild in 1980. At the age of four，she fell into an icy river and was __2. fortunately__ (fortune) rescued by some local villagers __3. living__ (live) in Baoxing County in southwest China’s Province. The locals handed her over to the Strait Panda Research and Exchange Centre in Fuzhou，where she lived the rest of her life. Basi came to fame shortly __4. after__ she was chosen as the model for Pan Pan，the mascot of the 1990 Asian Games in Beijing.Basi never bred(繁殖) but overcame several severe __5. illnesses__ (ill) to live for more than __6. twice__ (two) the 15－year life expectancy of wild pandas. Basi __7. was confirmed__ (confirm) to be the world’s oldest captive panda by Guinness World Records in August. Captive pandas tend to live __8. longer__ (long) due to better nutrition and living conditions. Word has come __9. that__ Basi’s body will be put in Basi Museum，which is __10. under__ construction at present for people to remember her forever and share the spirit of the harmonious development between humans and nature.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。

2019年高考提升之语法考点讲解与真题分析01 语法单项选择题的解题方法（原卷版）语法单项选择是高考英语试卷中的一个重要组成部分，虽然只有15分，但因其知识覆盖面广，要得高分并不容易。

笔者拟就此类题型的命题规律，考查重点及解题方法进行论述，希望对紧张备考的高三学生有所帮助。

一、高考英语单项选择题的命题特点与规律1. 考查面广历年高考英语试题对语法的考查覆盖面广，主要涉及时态、语态、语气、主谓一致、.非谓语动词、冠词、介词、连词、词义辨析、倒装、省略及交际用语等。

2. 重点突出，考点分布相对稳定这类题目主要集中在动词（时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词）以及连词（并列连词和从属连词）这两个方面，而且这两个方面占到该题型的90%。

从北京近5年的高考题可以清楚地看到这一点。

3. 考查语法知识的综合运用语法上已经由传统的单纯考查语法知识向语法知识的综合运用方向发展，试题设置不再考查单一的语法规则、固定搭配等语言知识，更重要的是考查语言知识在具体语境中的运用，增加了试题的难度。

二．高考英语语法选择题的解题技巧笔者在多年教学实践中发现，很多学生在做此类题时，没有一个明确的思路，只凭印象或觉得顺口或是根据简单的语法规则来选择答案，做对了，也不知道怎么对的，做错了也不知道错在哪里。

总之，不知道选择答案的依据是什么。

这样得出的答案，学生自己没把握，准确率肯定不会高。

要提高做题准确率，就必须有一个明确的思路，搞清楚选择答案的依据究竟是什么。

1.语法选择题选择答案的依据一个句子是由几个部分构成的，题中设的空也是句子中的一个部分。

句子中的每个部分都有作用（也就是它在这个句子中所作的成分），不同部分的作用各不相同。

句子中这个空选择什么，惟一的依据就是它在这个句子中的作用。

知道了它在句子中的作用，选项中谁能起这个作用就选择谁。

这样我们做题就有了一个目标——即搞清楚这个空的作用。

要搞清楚这个空的作用，就必须对句子进行分析，这样我们做题也就有了明确的思路。

Text A American men don’t cry本课主要语言点1.Weakness n. 软弱，薄弱；缺点，弱点；嗜好。

Weakness 是形容词weak的名词形式。

-ness这个名词后缀常用在形容词后面，构成名词。

如：happiness，carelessness，sadness，uselessness等等。

1）He was too weak to walk any further.（他没有力气再往前走了。

）2）She was born with weak eyesight.（她天生视力差。

）3）He is weak in maths.（他不擅常数学。

）4）Weak leaders won't be able to cope with this situation.（软弱无力的领导人无法应付这一局面。

）5）She recovered from her weakness after two week's rest.（经过两周的休息，她虚弱的身体得到了恢复。

）6）His recovered from pressure would give his opponent some chance.（他在压力之下的软弱会给他的对手带来机会。

）7）They saw a weakness in Robert's method.（他们在罗伯特的方法中看到了弱点。

）8）He has a weakness for money.（他爱钱如命。

）2. Childishness n. 幼稚同上一个单词一样，-ness这个名词后缀用在爱形容词后面，构成名词。

I was annoyed at the childishness of her remark.（她孩子气的话语令我恼火。

）请注意childish 和childlike的异同之处：“childish” is used to describe a person who behaves in an immature way, or to describesomething that is typical of a child. (childish用来形容某个行为不成熟的人或用来形容某件事似孩子般的。

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考15宾语从句（讲解）【带答案】2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍—宾语从句【知识方法】宾语从句三大必考点：that1.连接词if/whether特殊疑问词：when; where; who; what; which; how; how many/much/long/soon/often…主现从不限2.时态主过从四过（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）客观真理用一般现在时3．语序：陈述语序（主谓结构）特殊情况：当连接词在从句中担当主语时，保持原有语序不变。

what is the matter with him.I wonderwhat is wrong with it.知识清单宾语从句知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。

根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1. 由that引导的宾语从句。

That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。

例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.他说他想呆在家里。

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.她不知道她病得很严重。

I am sure (that) he will succeed.我确信他会成功。

2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。

这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。

例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?你知道他们在等谁吗？He asked whose handwriting was the best.他问谁的书法最好。

Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?你能告诉我3路公共汽车站在哪儿吗？I don’t know why the train is late.我不知道火车为什么晚了。

本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==大学英语六级语法知识：定语从句在大学英语六级考试中，单独考察六级语法的题型不多，但是语法知识点却贯穿整张试卷，下面是小编为大家整理的大学英语六级基础语法知识，希望可以为大家带来帮助。

定语从句一、概念定语从句的概念，在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

例如： 1) The man who lives next to us is a fool.2) You must buy me the house which is near Xiangshan.上面两句中的the man和the house是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。

二、关系词(连接词)1.关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词：that, which, who (宾格whom, 所有格whose) 和关系副词where, when, why。

关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时还做定语从句的一个成分。

2.关于that, which的用法注意点1)只能用that，不用which作为定语从句关系代词的情况a)不定代词，如anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词There is nothing that I can do.I mean the one that was bought yesterday.b)先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last修饰This is the very book that I want to find.The last place that I visited was the hospital.c)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时This is the first composition that he has written in English.d)先行词既有人，又有物时He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.2)不用that, 只用which的情况a)引导非限定性定语从句时whichThe tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b)介词后用whichWe depend on the land from which we get our food.3.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

第五单元语法突破语法知识精讲Grammar定语从句(Ⅱ)一、关系副词引导的定语从句1.when引导定语从句的用法(1)当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time,day,year,month,week等),且关系词在从句中做时间状语时,定语从句用when引导。

(2)when可以换成“介词+which”。

I still remember the time when(=in which) I was in college.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。

I have forgotten the exact date when(=on which) this country became independent.我忘记这个国家独立的确切日期了。

特别提醒当先行词是表示时间的名词时,既可以用when引导定语从句,也可以用that或which引导定语从句,关键要看关系词在定语从句中做何种成分。

若关系词在定语从句中充当状语,则用when引导;若关系词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语,则用that或which引导。

Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?你记得我们一起在农场度过的那些日子吗?(that或which做spent的宾语)Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗?(when在从句中做状语)2.where引导定语从句的用法(1)当先行词是表示地点的名词(如place,room,mountain,airport等),且关系词在从句中做地点状语时,定语从句用where引导。

(2)where可以换成“介词+which”。

This is the hotel where(=in which) they stayed.这就是他们住过的旅馆。

大学英语六级改错讲义（张子宏）第一节介词考点1中心词+介词of例1: More and more people live in tow ns and cities in stead on farm and in villages. (90/1, No.71)例2: The family ' s recreation and social life chiefly consisted a drive in the wagon to the nearby small town or village to tran sact some bus in ess as well as to chat with n eighbors who had also come to tow n. (90/6, No.78)考点2：中心词+介词to例1: People are earning higher wages and salaries. This leads changes in the way of life. (90/1, No.76) 例2: Similarly, we feel comfortable with people with physical qualities similar as ours. (95/1, No.71)考点3:中心词+介词on例1:……，but such reas ons are totally depe ndent in the bala nee of risks and ben efits for the patie nts.(93/6,No.75)考点4：中心词+介词with例1: In every home a stereo or television will fill the rooms sound. (95/6, No.72)考点5:中心词+介词for例1: Big cities of the world are well-known by their noisiness. (95/6, No.76)j 固定搭酉己:on the contrary, on one hand …on the other hand, on purpose,on bus in ess, on the whole, on the spotk表位置，指与某物面碰面的接触：on the wall, on the earth考点6:介词on I 表时间，置于某日前：on May 4th, on Sun day, on the morni ng ofm表时间，指"在.... 之后，立即... ”:on our arrivalnon和to合成的介词on to:表示运动的方向和场所，意为"到.... 上，在... 上”。

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍—数词【分析解读】数词为中考考点，但是考频不高。

主要考点为基数词、序数词分数以及hunfred/thousand/million的用法这些用法具有固定性，所以才用的记忆方法比较好。

【知识方法】基数词的用法序数词的用法年代表达法日期表达法数词分数的表答法小数的表达法百分数的表达法倍数的表达法知识清单数词英语数词表示数目或者顺序，可分为基数词和序数词。

基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。

知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！1. 基数词的构成注意：(1)基数词1-12是独立单词，需逐个记忆。

(2)基数词13-19是在个位数词的词干后加-teen构成，其中thirteen,fifteen,eighteen变化不规则。

(3)基数词20-90的整十数除twenty,thirty,forty,fifty, eighty为特殊形式外是在个位数词后面加-ty构成。

基数词21-99的非整十数是在十位数词后面加上个位数词构成，中间加上连字符“-”。

如21 twenty-one2.基数词的读法(1)在读三位数或三位数以上的基数词时，需在十位数之前（若十位数是“0”，在个位前）加连词and。

304-three hundred and four1,342-one thousand,three hundred and forty-two(2)阿拉伯数字每三位数就需用一个逗号隔开，从后往前数；所用的英语单词为：thousand(千）,million(百万）,billion(十亿）,英语中没有“万”和“亿”，在表示“万”和“亿”时要按十进位法来推算。

1万可用10千来表示，即10,000。

100,000,000可写成a hundred million。

35,845可写成thirty-five thousand,eight hundred3.基数词的基本用法4.hundred,thousand,million与billion的用法(1)与具体数词one,two…或several,some,many等车用时，要用单数形式。

第01讲 语法填空养成良好的答题习惯，是决定成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

语法填空题的测试重点在于考查同学们能否将中学阶段所学的语言知识运用到实际的英语读写活动中去。

语法填空试题基本上涉及了中学阶段所学的各类语法项目，而且考点分布比较均衡。

从设题方式来看，分为给出提示词和不给出提示词两类。

一、已给单词提示题型的技巧 这种考查形式主要考查词性转换、名词单复数变化、形容词或副词的比较级与最高级变化、动词的时态和语态（含主谓一致）以及动词的非谓语形式。

同样，我们先判断设空处在句中的功能，再确定该用什么形式。

技巧一：名词形式变化。

名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。

例：There are many students living at school ，the (child) houses are all far from schoo1.由students 一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses 的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式—— 复数的所有格children’s 。

内容要求 语法填空 1.给单词提示题型2.未给单词提示题型3.语篇阅读理解情况 知识讲解学习目标技巧二：动词形式变化。

动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。

句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。

从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。

2019年6月英语六级真题试卷（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) 【参考范文】Any experienced teacher would seek to motivate his students to learn, and share advice on how to find the approaches to learning that suit them well. This universal consistency among education experts indisputably demonstrates an immutable principle of learning: initiative and correct methods are fundamental to academic success.Highly motivated students find learning pleasant and rewarding, and therefore maintain a strong desire to acquire new knowledge and skills, and enough courage to meet new challenges. Unmotivated students, in contrast, feel like they are forced to learn and get bored easily with this seemingly endless process. In addition, proper methods are a contributing factor in increased efficiency and positive learning outcomes. Top students don't necessarily spend the most amount of t ime on learning, but more often than not have found the right ways to improve their academic performance.It is widely acknowledged that there aren't any shortcuts to learning. But at least, a high level of m otivation and smart strategies make someone a dedicated and efficient learner.【范文译文】任何有经验的老师都会设法激发学生的学习积极性，引导学生寻找适合自己的学习方法。

02必修第一册重要语法突破讲义目录第一部分句子成分一、句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。

句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。

二、基本句子结构句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，其实英语中最基本的句式只有八种，其他各种句式都是由这八种基本句式演变而来。

八种基本句式如下：1．主语＋谓语(S＋V)The exchange students are registering.这些交换生正在登记。

We all breathe，drink and eat.我们都要呼吸、喝水和吃饭。

2．主语＋谓语＋宾语(S＋V＋O)The students are doing an experiment.学生们正在做实验。

She usually puts off carrying out her promise.她通常拖延履行她的诺言。

3．主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋P)He became a teacher of English.他成了一名英语教师。

My brothers are all college students.我的弟弟们都是大学生。

She looked a little annoyed.她看上去有点生气。

4．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语叫作双宾语)(S＋V＋IO＋DO) My sister told me a long story.我姐姐给我讲了一个很长的故事。

The professor gave us an exciting lecture.教授给我们做了一场激动人心的讲座。

5．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补(宾语和宾补统称为复合宾语)(S＋V＋O＋C) I found his design very impressive.我发现他的设计让人印象深刻。

She kept us waiting for her answer for over a week.她让我们等她的回音等了一个多星期。

2019年6 月英语六级保命班讲义刘晓艳一、写作①14 6 四级Suppose a foreign friend of yours is going to visit your hometown/your campus/China （多题多卷的三个不同）, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?②13.12父亲和男孩子的对话，孩子说“ Dad，I am a bit worried about disposing of nuclearweapon. 父亲则回答“ If you can empty the dustbin, you can do anything. 说话间，手指着垃圾桶。

③④2013 6Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “A smile is the shortest distance between two people”. You may cite some examples to support your view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.⑤2014 6不要以貌取人不要把鸡蛋都放在一个篮子里不要草率写决定常见土单词排行榜：1）thinkhave been convinced thatbe of the opinion thatcling to the perspective thatmaintain contend assertargue assume claim2) manya sea ofmultitudes ofimmense amounts ofnumerous innumerable plentiful3) people we usprivate individualsyoungsters and teenagersall children and adultsexperts and professorsparents kids offspringbusinessmanyoungsters on campus4) veryexceedinglydistinctlystrikinglymore thanextraordinarilyoutstandingly5) importantsignificantcrucialcriticalindispensableplay a crucial role in sth.6）Andsimilarlyequallylikewiseat the same timein the meanwhile写作中可用的万能句型：1）主语从句：It proves self-evident thatIt has been found thatIt seems beyond dispute thatIt seems universally acknowledged thatIt has been widely accepted thatIt becomes generally agreed thatit keeps my argument that2）定语从句他是一个色狼，是显而易见的。