小六英语第11讲:情态动词(1)
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第11讲情态动词
情态动词
这类词本身虽有意义,但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态,如“可能”、“应当”等。这类动词有can, may, must, need, dare, could, might等。
它们不能单独作谓语,必须与行为动词(原形)一起作谓语,表示完整的意思,
例如:I can dance.(我会跳舞。)can, 能, 会
Be able to代替can, 也可以表示能力。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could), 而be able to则有更多的时态形式,例如:
My little brother has been able to write.
2)表示允许,准许,这时can与may可以互换,例如:
Can/May I borrow your bike tomorrow?
Yes, of course. You can/may use my bike tomorrow.
You can’t smoke here.
表示请求时肯定的回答方式有:Yes, you can.∕Of course.∕ Certainly. ∕Sure
否定回答方式有:No, you can’t∕ No,you mustn’t.
3)表示客观可能性,用在否定句和疑问句中表示说话人的怀疑、猜测或不肯定。例如:He cannot/can’t be there.
Can this news be true?
4)could除表示can的过去式外,在口语中还常代替can,表示非常委婉的请求。
这时could和can没有时间上的差别。例如:
Could/Can you tell me if he will go tomorrow?
Could/Can I ask you something if you are not busy?
2.may和might
1)表示“准许”和“许可”,这时可与can替换。例如:
May (can) I use your dictionary for a moment?
May I take these magazines out of the reading r oom? No, you mustn’t.
2)表示说话人的猜测,认为某事“可能”发生,例如:
Where’s John? He may be at the library.
Mr. Green hasn’t talked with her. He may not know her.
He may be at home.
Maybe he was at home.
3)might除表示may的过去式外,在口语中还常代替may, 表示非常委婉的请示或实现的可能性较小。这时might和may没有时间上的差异。
例如:Might (May) I speak to you for a few minutes? Might I have a photo of your family?
3.must
1)must表示说话人的主观意志,表示义务、命令或必要、应当和必须等。现在式与过去式同形。如:I must go to school today.
He told me I mustn’t leave until my mother came.
2)must表示推测,“一定是”、“准是”,例如:
They must be very tired. Let them have a rest.
Jack doesn’t look well. He must be ill.
注意:
➢have to表示“必须”、“不得不”,它不仅能代替must, 用于现在时和过去时以外的其他时态,表示说话人的主观看法,而且又表示客观上的需要。例如:
If we miss the last bus, we shall have to walk home.
The ship started to go down slowly. We must leave the ship.
➢在回答must的疑问句时,否定回答常用needn’t表示“不必”,例如:Must I return this book to you in two weeks?(这本书我两星期以后必须还你吗?)Yes, you must.(是的。)
No, you needn’t.(不,不必了。)
4.need
need(需要)既可作情态动词,又可作实义动词。
1) need作情态动词时,只用于否定句或疑问句。例如:
It’s warm today. You needn’t put on your coat.
Need I post your books to you?
2) need作及物动词时:
need sth ∕to do sth ∕doing sth
四.情态动词常见句型
1、Can I help you? ——Yes, please. / No, thanks.
2、Can + 主语+ 动词原形? Yes, ~can. No, ~can’t.
3、Can I borrow your book?----Yes, of course.
4、Can I write on the book? ------No, you can’t\mustn’t.
5、Could \Can you help me?---- Yes, of course.\Certainly.\ Sure.
6、Could \Can you tell me the way to the Zoo?
7、May I come in ?----- Come in, please.
8、May I sit here?----- Yes, please.\Sorry, please don’t.
9、May I have some Coke?---- Yes, of course.
10、May/ Could / Can I speak to Tom? -----Speaking. Who’s calling?
11、should 、shouldn’t 表示劝告:
1) He should get up early.
2) She shouldn’t play computer game too much.
12、Should +主语+动词原形? Yes, ~should.\ No, ~shouldn’t.
13、表示建议“你愿意…吗”
----Would you like to go shopping with me?
-----Yes, I’d love to. /I’d love to. But I’m busy now.
14、就餐用语Would you like something to eat\drink? ----Yes, I’d like…
15、shall用于第一人称(I, we), 可以表示“将”和表示建议“……好吗?”
1) Where shall we have dinner?
2) Shall we go fishing? -----All right. \OK. \Good idea.
16、Must + 主语+ 动词原形? ---Yes,~must.\No, ~needn’t.
1.情态动词的种类和主要用法;
2.各个情态动词之间的意义区分;