高中英语情态动词详解(强推)上课讲义
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2023年高中英语语法:情态动词10条学习要点“could+have+过去分词”用法全面归纳有关情态动词的10条学习要点1. 弄清基本语法特点情态动词就是表示说话的语气或情态的动词。
常见的情态动词有can, may, must, need, dare, shall, will, should, ought to, have to, used to, had better, would rather等。
情态动词具有以下3个特点:(1)情态动词后面接动词原形并与动词原形一起构成谓语。
(2)情态动词虽有时态的变化,但却没有人称和数的变化,即情态动词不会因为主语的人称或单复数的不同而用不同的形式。
(3)变为疑问句或否定句时不需要助动词,而是将情态动词移至主语前变为疑问句,直接在情态动词后加not,构成否定句。
2. 弄清表示能力的can / could和be able to的用法(1)can表示具有某种能力或技能,意为“能,会”。
如:Who can answer this question? 谁能回答这个问题?(2)can 的过去式为could,但它通常只表示过去一般性能力,不表示过去特定场合下的能力,遇此情况要用was [were] able to。
如:I could run faster then. 我那时能跑得更快一些。
They were able to jump into the sea before the boat was blown up. 他们在船爆之前跳入海里。
3. 弄清表示许可的can / could / may / might / must的用法can / could / may / might均可表示许可,只不过may较侧重讲话人的许可,而can较侧重客观情况的许可;could / might的语气比can / may更委婉、客气;在答语中表示允许别人做某事要can / may,不能用could / might。
情态动词(讲义)一、can, could, may, might 表示请求许可1.区别Can I take the book awayCould I take the book awayMay I take the book awayMight I take the book away语气的委婉程度从高到低为 can, could, may, might。
2.can, could, may, might 表示请求许可时的回答。
—Can you give me another chance—Yes, I can. No, I can’t.—Could I look at your pictures—Yes, of course you ./—I am sorry you .#用c ould 提问,表示“能……吗”,若表示同意用 can,不同意用c an ’t,注意不用 could 来回答。
—May I speak to you for a moment in private, pleaseMay 表示请求许可时,常常与第一人称 I 连用,构成“May I…”句式,表示“我可以……吗”肯定回答用 Yes, you may. / Yes, please. / Yes, of course.否定回答用N o, you can’t. / No, you mustn’t. ( )—May I smoke here—, you . It can be dangerous.A.Yes; canB. No; can’tC. Yes; mayD. No; needn’tMight I come inMight I borrow some moneymight 用于礼貌的询问是否能做某事,常出现在口语中,用法稍显过时。
肯定回答通常用 may,否定回答可以用 can’t 或者 mustn’t。
练习:~( )—Can I get you a drink—. I am not thirsty.A.That’s very nice of youB. No, you don’t have toC. Yes, pleaseD. With pleasure ( )—May I leave the classroom now 1—No, you . You shouldn’t le ave until the bell rings.A. may notB. can’tC. needn’tD. couldn’t( )—you pass me a pen I’d like to write down the telephone number.A. NeedB. CouldC. MustD. Should ( )—Could I use your eraser for a while—Yes, of course you .A. couldB. willC. canD. should二、情态动词和短语情态动词1.情态动词needThe little girl needs to get some sleep.I needed two more days to finish thework. Do you need to have some coffeeneed 作实义动词,有人称,时态的变化。
情态动词之知识精要1.表示能力,意为“能,会”,用can, could, be able to均可,could是can的过去式。
区别是:can只有过去时could,而be able to有多种时态。
can表示一贯的能力,be able to表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的能力John can speak three foreign languages fluently. 约翰能流利地说三门外语。
John could swim when he was four. 约翰四岁时就会游泳。
I regretted that I hadn’t been able to drive him home. 我后悔我没能开车送他回家。
Will you be able to help me learn English tomorrow? 明天你能帮助我学习英语吗?2.表示请求或允许,意为“可以”时,用can、could或may均可,不过can比may更正式,could比can语气更委婉。
Can I park my car in front of your office? 我能把我的车停在你的办公室前面吗?----Could I use your bike now? ---Certainly. Go ahead.May I have a look at the photos that you took yesterday? 我能看一下你昨天拍的照片吗?3. must, can, may/might表推测时的用法。
表推测时must用于肯定句,can用于疑问句和否定句,may/might用于肯定句和否定句。
must用于否定句时不表推测,表示“禁止,千万不做…”。
The man standing over there must be a doctor. 站在那边的那个男子一定是个医生。
The man standing over there can’t be a doctor. 站在那边的那个男子不可能是个医生。