智能停车场系统中英文对照外文翻译文献

智能停车场管理系统IntelligentparkingsystemIntelligent parking systemEuropean Journal of Operational Research ; 0377-2217 ; 2006;175volumes; 3Intelligent parking management system uses advanced technology and highly automated mechanical and electrical equipment, mechanical, and electronic computer-controlled equipment, and intelligent IC card technology combine management can be achieved through the computer management of vehicle access, automatic data storage function, the realization of de machine operation and provide - efficient management of the system.Smart new car park will be living concepts and architecture, information technology, computer electronics technology, such as the perfect combination of modern high-tech to provide a simple, easy-to-use, advanced system of human nature. It relies on high-tech, people-oriented, graphical man-machine interface operation, providing a more safe, comfortable, convenient, fast and open intelligent, information-based living space, promoting the healthy development of human environment.1 parking lot at home and abroad mainly in the following several types1.1 mechanical parkingMechanical parking car park is mainly a kind of mechanical means parking the car park completely by mechanical parking equipment such as tractor driving machine, driven wheels, car panels, sliding device, control cabinet, called the operation site, Rotary lift devices, handling devices, etc.. Lifting and transferring is divided into categories, vertical circulation category, the levelof cycle-type, multi-cycle-type, flat type of mobile, vertical categories, such as the type of simple movements. Because of its unique and diverse way of parking, has a strong application. It covers an area of the main advantages of small, diverse selection can be combined with site specific characteristics of the design, but also with other means to implement a combination of a high degree of automation, easy operation, management and maintenance is also easier with quantitative parking characteristics.1.2 Plane parking systemIntelligent parking system parking systems for their plane to take the main inductive way IC card readers, so the car park is also called inductive system. At present, China is still in the car park car park is mainly flat, generally built in the basement of buildings, there are a number of public areas such as the Plaza, the road side as the car park, followed by the hotel, enterprises, factories, and other units of their own planning and design of the car park.1.3 Smart parkingIntelligent parking system is also called the vertical lift or elevator-type parking system parking systems. It is a set of equipment, operation, security, monitoring, maintenance, management of the intelligent system as a whole, the touch-screen human-machine interface, operation and use is also very convenient, with intelligent management and charges of the system. Its high degree of intelligence testing and perfecting the service system can be impaired also run zero. It is characterized by the largest original time control functions, the realization of sub-periods, stratified parking control, effectively improve the utilization of parking spaces. Password through the keyboard and the IC card can be realized vehicle access, the process of charging, easy operation and convenient access; and with the city parking system, enabling the city's parking card, and the installation of surveillance systems networking with the area. Another intelligent modular three-dimensional garage have begun to mature, not only to achieve a full modular design, use of intelligent control technology, but also made full use of solar energy technology, energy reserves (energy) technology. Smart Modular three-dimensional garage is no longer a whole building, which is a combination of independent modules, such as parking spaces, lifting devices, such as the smart car parts scattered, when construction of the architecture in a building block as long as the same as the all zero components assembled together, it becomes a standardthree-dimensional garage, with a time-saving and low cost.1.4 Remote-controlled car park management systemIntelligent parking system remote control features of the car park management system is not subject to parking restrictions on the location and direction, as long as the distance between the remote control to openthe door and can be carried under control. Remote control and easy to carry, cheap, easy to install. The main principle is that in the railings and electric machine control box installed on theremote control door controller card and memory card to receive, in use, as long as the correct password for the remote control can control the system. Its products have experienced from the allocation of code and then type the pulse cycle of the development process has matured. Remote-controlled car park management system has been widely used in many European and private residential parking.2 smart parking system characteristics2.1 strict management system chargesArtificial cash for the current charges is not only labor-intensive, low efficiency, and are vulnerable to financial loopholes and cause great loss of cash. The use of IC card management system fees, because fees are recognized by the computer, statistics and records, to avoid errors and cheating, such as a phenomenon, to effectively protect the interests of investors yard.2.2 high-performance securityBecause of the high degree of confidentiality of IC cards, and its encryption spend decades in general computer solution of the time can not, it can not be modeled, from the root system to ensure the credibility and feasibility.2.3 The management of a high degree of safety and soundnessArtificial taking the issue of credit cards where admission card at any time and without omissions recorded, lost car or false lost car occurred from time to time, to the car park management has caused many inconveniences to the parking lot also brought economic losses. Management fees and the use of a computer system, due to various types of card in the computer are detailed records of relevant information; monthly cards and stored value cards can be lost to re-submit a timely manner; hourly rate cardscan also be lost at any time search, the timely processing of .At the same time, the system functions with the image contrast. Both types of parking the vehicle registration number, filing cards, a card dedicated to ensure the safety of parking. When the reader detects vehicle controller, the computer automatically grades and play out this license plate recognition system when the brand re-identification of comparison, the computer screen in real-time display of the number of vehicles out of the population, status, time, and the owner of the information. If the license plate wrong, the computer prompts at any time, and issued a warning not to leave, and other relevant personnel at the scene.2.4 durability and reliablePassive non-contact IC card, the card is generally coil for data transmission and reception of energy use, and all sealed and thereforehave a dust-proof and waterproof function. It should not be read-write heads to avoid the wear and tear tape, interference or failure due to dust accumulation and the head of the phenomenon in general can be used more than 100,000.2.5 Non-contact IC card technology leaderNon-contact IC card is the electromagnetic technology, RF technology, computer technology, code recognition technology integrated application of technology, with excellent water-proof, anti-fouling, anti-oil, anti-corrosion, anti-static and anti-distortion, such as destruction of properties.2.6 establish a good corporate imageGood corporate image is priceless intangible assets, smart parking system, the modernization of the use of high-tech products will no doubt enhance the image and visibility ofproperty management, fee management computer system, in terms of product design, or package system brought about by the nature and management of scientific, management will have to establish a good image, so that virtuous circle of companies who step-by-step, and continuously forge ahead and become a model of scientific management.3 smart parking system equipmentIntelligent parking by the population, export and center management has three major components.3.1 imported parts: the main part of the population by the induction IC card reader, IC card a card machine, intercom extension, video cameras, vehicle sensors, parking detector, the entrance of the control panel, automatic road gates, vehicle detector coil and display parking spaces and so on.3.2 parts exports: exports mainly includes induction by IC card reader, camera, intercom extension, export control panel, automatic road gates, vehicles and vehicle detection coil contrast imaging system.Management Center 3.3: Management fees Management Center computers, monitors, hard disk video recorders, reports, printers, car park management fee component and system software.4 constitutes a smart parking system4.1 parking spaces for display systemThe entire smart parking system is a computerized management system, it needs real-time detection of the parking spaces, the intelligent parking system for this purpose may be to set up a parking space in each detector, through the signal processor into sub-systems managementsoftware, management software by analysis will present thebest parking spaces in the parking spaces to the driver display screen at the same time open spaces and bright lights prompt, suggesting that drivers in this parking. Detector if the parking spaces to the parking garage with no vacancies, the screen display parking "garage fully booked" and the ticket machine shows "full digital garage" and that the vehicle no longer be allowed into the library.4.2 Anti-theft SystemAnti-theft system is a set of parking spaces in various places to install a high-key remote control, which work in parallel parking spaces detector. When the driver stopped the car after the storage operation will be remote control code to the vehicle; when the driver of the bus ready to take the Treasury to operate a remote control decoder to the vehicle. If there is no decoder check car alarm system-related work and linkage alarm or activate video surveillance systems, prevention of vehicle thefts.4.3 Monitoring SystemSurveillance system cameras, controllers, monitors, video recorders composition. The main parking garage for security surveillance, to ensure safe and secure parking.4.4 Image Comparison SystemContrast imaging system consists of cameras, snapshot controller, image processor and other components. When a vehicle or into the library card for the tickets, the capture controller to start a video camera image of the vehicle and the driver together with the votes held by the card or the coexistence of people of the information system of a database. When a vehicle inspection of library card or check, the capture controller again, and start off brand camera photo images, and then with the system database to compare information. If the informationin line road brake automatically released from a column of vehicles; Otherwise, the message is not allowed and automatic alarm.4.5 Export SystemWhen a database of vehicles, the vehicle detector sensor signal out of the Treasury to inform the host computer and prompts the operator to prepare the operation, a video camera at the same time export images of the vehicle identification information and the corresponding number with the computer all the relevant information for comparison , in line with the fee should be calculated automatically and through the toll signs indicate that the driver prompt payment; warning if it does not match, suggesting that vehicle entry fees based on images taken during the manual more than right.Center Management System 4.6 softwareCenter software package management system is the smart parking management system the core of the smart parking system, it functions primarily by strong PC and peripheral equipment such as printers. Management Center can be used as a server device through the bus connection with the subsidiary, the exchange operating data, and data for the operation of automatic statistics, record-keeping. System has a password protection feature to prevent unauthorized management procedures are invasive and have a very strong graphics capabilities, able to plan parking garage, parking spaces occupied by the real-time, import and export, as well as channel opening and closing state of blockade, etc. displayed on the screen, car park to facilitate the management and scheduling. It is not only the construction unit to provide a flexible and effective management style, but also to have the self-maintenancefunction and the expansion of certain functions, in order to adapt to future technology development needs.5 Intelligent parking systemProducts are only to help human beings are becoming more efficient, more convenient and simple to solve the problem. Intelligent parking system as an advanced product is the ultimate human services, it can not be divorced from the principle of people-oriented or advanced technology is a waste. Technology therefore parking should also be in line with local conditions and give full play to all the features of the car park. In addition to the intelligent parking lot outside a number of basic functions should have the following functions.5.1 Induction card(1) long-range sensors;(2) waterproof, Antimagnetic, antistatic, wear-resistant, and information storage capacity, long service life;(3) through the card to pay parking fees, the realization of card functions;(4) to read and write fast, easy to operate;(5) use of non-directional, you can read and write in any direction over the work surface to complete reading and writing;(6) ID card reader and two-way password identification system.5.2 Automatic function(1) accept input signals manually for debugging installation;(2) delay, under-voltage, over-voltage automatic protection;(3) can be a buffer of two lift gate to receive instructions, can be had for cars;(4) gates with RS485 communication interface, an acceptable management fee of the direct control of the computer;(5) unloading device, in order to prevent external damage;(6) with anti control system, ensure the safety of vehicles;(7) photoelectric switch stroke control to replace the mechanical trip switch, long life;(8) compatibility, and to ensure that the needs of different types of customers;(9) with a balance to ensure the operation of light, smooth, small input power;(10) additional emergency manual device to prevent the occurrence of accidents;(11) circuit-wide non-contact control system, ensure the safety of vehicles.5.3 Import and Export function boxes(1) whether the perception of vehicles, car-free or not issuing card reader;(2) temporary user key access cards, access cards do not spit out the card in the specified time automatically close cards, card to avoid wastage;(3) usually show the clock and date;(5) identification card reader, alarm lights are null and void;(6) system at any time sensor reading into the ballot box has been the region's proximity card without lawful authority, a one-time read the card on the card type, card number, report the loss signs, sign into the game, the validity of such data, sent to CPU processing, in accordance with the type of card into the corresponding process, showing card number and state;(7) show the monthly card is valid and the card status (active, expired, report the loss or appearance into state);(8) non-real-time network control panel can operate both the effective operation of all built-in memory, database archiving,and preservation of more than 6000 records. Data can be recorded at any time by the administrator or have permission to access and uninstall leadership.Car park management software 5.4(1) image to identify a two-way comparison function;(2) property management system can read data, automatic generation of cards out of authority;(3) special treatment of special features of vehicles;(4) auto-complete temporary card charges, the effective monthly card release function;(5) set up a variety of billing methods, users choose their own settings;(6) when the graphics card type card reader and card status (active, expired, report the loss, into the state of play, etc.);。

Parking control systemsThe iti:tinstrea m ct mtidem large-scale cunsii‘u c tion of intelligent bu i Jcl ings and district, so automation equipment or parking garage will the intelligent bu i l di rig control system and an integral parr of the plot. Simple, rapid, con venient, safe and reliable, l css maintcnancc, provide uscrs with a safe, easy to use environment, which is automated parking equipment, basic characteristics. Parking facilities foi all operating conditions. vehicle parking time, vehicle storagc Paying situation. garage storage capacity, vehicles, sioiage o:I high and low peak condition. and other in i o i Citation can be transmitted to the intel ligen i net vvt›i k control center. c‹›ntr‹›l center operations through the intelligent processing , anal the broadcasting system and the division management u i l ice linked to earl y i e lease related to the cone ml, management information, which all intelligent management. Intelligent biiil dings and district through the control center can also be associated with social netwoi kin g functions, will collect the information rclcascd or comc out to expand thc garagc ot social efficiency and economic benefits. This will be the development direction of automated garage.Automated parking control system mnin l y consists of the following tive subsystems: automatic chittging man iigeroeni system, automatic vehicle access system, remote diagnosis system. automatic aiitoinat ie barrier, monitoring security systems.management can be planned form, publish garage storage capacity, ii affic control prugritm.1. A utomatic charging management systcmAutomatic toll collection by non—contact IC card. IC Card points of two 1ong-lcn i card and sf orcd-va1uc card. The user, issue long-tcrm card use t‹z cs can be paid mannpemeni fees to pay.2, Aiiit›mali c access to vehicle systemsCnr access system, generally by the MCU control, including the card tin rnber rind。

毕业设计附件外文文献翻译：原文+译文文献出处：SV Srikanth. The research of intelligent parking lot design[J], Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine, IEEE, 2016: 48-57.原文The research of intelligent parking lot designSV SrikanthAbstractCars have brought a lot of convenience, and also brought a lot of inconvenience to people, many cities in the "parking" problem. The traditional manual management of the parking lot has not meet the actual demand, exist in most traditional parking fee management confusion, the overall operation efficiency is low. Therefore, efficient, safe and reasonable management, quick and convenient intelligent parking lot management system has become many large comprehensive buildings and necessary facilities in residential area. Intelligent parking lot has become a hot research topic in the intelligent building technology. Most of many senior residential district of the city, shopping malls, entertainment, hotel, units parked car number is more, such as the emergence of a high degree of automation intelligent parking lot management system, not only effectively resolve disorderly parking place caused traffic chaos, but also can promote the regularized development of traffic facilities, in addition, the commuting time of large amount of car, parking efficiency is low, brought inconvenience to the owner. Intelligent parking lot to embolden manage system is the use of advanced technology and highly automated mechanical and electrical equipment, and connecting with the user's demand to the management of charging on parking lot, and traffic management experience and development of the system. System provides an efficient way of management, to provide users with more convenient, more efficient service.Keywords: intelligent parking lot; RS485; Ethernet1 IntroductionSince entering the 21st century, the development of the society as a whole to promote the improvement of the people's living standard, therefore, in the city of private cars gradually became the most household items. After the purchase of vehicles, people in the travel convenience at the same time, also need to be the problem of parking difficulty, even in formal parking lot, also often can't reasonable, effective management and use of limited parking Spaces. Therefore, parking lot intellectualized management became practical to improve the efficiency of parking research subject. In fact, with the sharp increase in vehicles, parking? A corresponding increase in the number of, car park management cost of manpower and material resources is increasingly expensive, it also become the intelligent parking lot management outside the brother of one reason. As a result, the intelligent parking lot management style has become the trend of social development. Due to the subject can effectively improve the efficiency of vehicle management and improve the safety coefficient of the parking lot, so also can reflect its high practical application value.2 Intelligent parking lot management system designs2.1 Intelligent parking lot was compared with the traditional parking lotTraditional parking lot management system completely free operating by management personnel, management personnel of the most concern is the parking the car in and out of the parking lot of the time, so that the charging, and because the human problems, there is also less charge, leakage phenomenon, efficiency and security of the parking lot and consider less.Aimed at the lack of these aspects of the traditional parking lot, this paper puts forward the intelligent parking lot management system, vehicle in and out of the system can through the automatic identification of related technologies, and related to the vehicle information was saved in the system, such as the number of vehicles in and out of the parking lot, every car into the playing time for billing, fees, etc. At the same time to avoid the less charge, leakage problem. To improve the running efficiency of the parking lot. Intelligent parking lot management system operation process is as follows: when the car into the parking lot, system start the camera and intake of vehicle image, after computer processing to getthe vehicle type, size, license plate, color and other information, the information with that of the card only to the user and deposited in the database. When vehicles leave the parking lot, the user card is consistent with the license plate number or vehicle images and related information to release. The system is to adopt "a car one card" management model, namely from vehicles into the parking lot has to leave the parking lot, related to the car all the data associated with the ID number of the card, through the only? ID number, we can be the user information, vehicle type, license plate, color, image, vehicles into the playing time, stop time, should be paid with unified information in the database, such as easy to Chad and storage.2.2 The composition of the intelligent parking lot management systemIntelligent parking lot management system consists of a data processing system, the entry control system, vehicle equipment system, user management system; export control system of five parts. Relevant data of each system should be treated by a data processing system. Entrance control system include: access card reader antenna, gateway machine, automatic gate entrances camera, vehicle detector, transceiver card system; Vehicle equipment systems including parking space detection module and LED display in Chinese; User management system including user management and billing charges. Electronic tags: using RFID technology, for each car into the parking lot, the electronic label can be combined with the existing wireless card or RFID handset, stored with the vehicle model, plates, color information, etc., at the same time, the realization of automatic management of consumption.Entrance card reader antenna: rf signal transmission between the device and reading and writing labels. Inward and outward automatic alarm machine, automatic alarm and automatic machines have induction and button control a variety of ways, with functions of sensing detecting anti hit, main function is to motor vehicles in and out management. Under normal circumstances, the gate rail down, the door closed, a ban on vehicle access. When legal vehicles into the controller on the open ring alarm relay control lift rail of the crane, vehicle to allow access. Brake down after the vehicle automatic reset, such as road, is in the process of the traffic through, will stop falling back, in case you hit a car. Quick way between installed in the entrance to aparking lot, distance control machine 3 m or so. By the box body, motor, clutch, mechanical transmission parts, between rods, such as electronic control parts. Inward and outward camera: the camera in and out of the parking lot, vehicles, intake of related processing image through system.Vehicle detector: this detector is surrounded by a group of induction coil and current digital circuit board, and the alarm or control machine, coil respectively to make sweet in the park underground 20 cm, as long as there is traffic on the road, the coil will generate induced current signal, after dealing with the vehicle detector to control the machine or alarm signal control, generally speaking, the import and export with two vehicle detector, the alarm pole in front of the detector is lost to the working state of the host signal.3 The relevant technology of the intelligent parking lotAccording to the actual needs of this paper the design of the intelligent parking lot, this paper adopted ZigBee technology as intelligent parking lot of the wireless communication technology. This chapter makes a brief introduction of ZigBee technology and its agreement, and put forward mainly CC2530 chip controller hardware module design, Z - Stack is analyzed the working process of the protocol Stack, implements the communication system of license plate number, state of parking space and lighting information such as packaging and send. Close range wireless communication technology was first used in industrial production, however, as the daily communication requirements continue to increase, especially in recent years, a variety of the huge popularity of digital communication equipment, represented by the Bluetooth and wi-fi at close range wireless communication technology is also began to enter the ordinary people every aspect of life. It is generally believed that close range wireless communication of information is a way to send and receive radio waves, and send and receive the two sides apart at close range (generally think that ina few meters).3.1 The infrared transmission techniqueCould say that, in all of these close range wireless communication technology, the use of infrared transmission technology history is most long, is also the mostwidely used. In ordinary daily life, we often can see there is the case of using the infrared transmission technique, the more common is a TV set, and the remote control of air conditioning, etc.Because use analog signal transmission, almost no other similar signal on its interference, thus the transmission stability is better. And now the development of the technology is very developed, the price is cheaper also. Due to the infrared transmission point-to-point transmission characteristics of direct connection, its security is also high. But the technology is also there is a short transmission distance, high requirements for communication Angle, can't penetrate obstacles such as defects.3.2 Bluetooth technologyEricsson first proposed the Bluetooth technology, and then set up the Bluetooth technology alliance specification its technical standards. Were identified in 1999 put forward the technical standard of 2.4 GHz as its working frequency, and began the business promotion. Compared with was very widely used infrared technology, Bluetooth technology adopted different from mouth to mouth way of transmission, and the relative speed has improved a lot. Sold on the market at present most is the Bluetooth device using version 2.0, along with the rising of wireless transmission, Bluetooth technology is also constantly updated, the latest Bluetooth version 4.0, the main technique is characterized by high speed and low power consumption.3.3 ZigBee technologyZigBee protocol is set by the ZigBee alliance, the first official version of the agreements are released in 2004.The main characteristics of this technology is low cost, less power consumption, the number of nodes, network topology diversity, simple structure and high safety. At present the technology mainly used in the digital home, building automation, industrial and agricultural automatic control, intelligent transportation, health care and remote monitoring of the environment and disaster areas.3.4 The wi-fi technologyWi-fi is Wireless Fidelity short for Wireless Fidelity ().It is called the IEEE 802.11 standard, b is the wi-fi alliance manufacturers as a brand product certificationtrademark. The wi-fi technology has a very wide range of applications, in addition to the daily life can see laptops, tablets and smart phones and other equipment through the connected wi-fi Internet conveniently, some airports and stations, many hotels, restaurants and schools and even more developed cities also often provide wi-fi hotspots, to facilitate the users.3.5 UWB technologyUWB is Ultra - wideband (UWB), the main characteristics of this technology is low power consumption and high speed transmission. It uniquely adopted the pulse signal as a way to transfer data.UWB already has more than 50 years of history, was first used in military field, but was not published until 2002, the United States, the technology and its application in commercial field.UWB technology characteristics of high-speed transmission, determines it is particularly suited to be used to transmit large capacity of multimedia data such as had video. The characteristics of the wireless transmission can also help the original electronic equipment cable transmission mode between upgrade for the wireless transmission mode, make their connection between all kinds of smart devices become more convenient and flexible, the future may result in the "smart home", "digital office", etc. To get more extensive application in the scene.译文智能停车场设计研究SV Srikanth摘要汽车给人们的交通生活带来了很多方便之处，也给人们带来了许多不便，很多城市出现了“停车难”问题。

英语作文-停车服务行业的智能停车系统与设备应用The advent of smart technology has revolutionized various industries, and the parking service sector is no exception. Intelligent parking systems and devices have emerged as innovative solutions to address the challenges associated with parking in congested urban areas. In this article, we will delve into the application of smart parking systems and devices in the parking service industry.Firstly, smart parking systems leverage advanced technology such as sensors, cameras, and data analytics to optimize parking space utilization. These systems provide real-time information about available parking spots, thereby reducing the time spent searching for parking and alleviating traffic congestion. By guiding drivers to vacant parking spaces through mobile apps or electronic signage, smart parking systems enhance overall efficiency and convenience for both motorists and parking operators.Moreover, smart parking devices play a crucial role in enhancing the user experience and streamlining parking operations. Automated ticketing machines equipped with contactless payment options enable seamless transactions, eliminating the need for physical tickets and reducing queue times. Additionally, license plate recognition technology facilitates smooth entry and exit processes, minimizing manual interventions and enhancing security measures.Furthermore, the integration of smart parking systems with Internet of Things (IoT) platforms enables remote monitoring and management of parking facilities. Parking operators can remotely track occupancy levels, monitor equipment status, and analyze parking patterns to optimize resource allocation and improve service quality. By leveraging data-driven insights, operators can implement dynamic pricing strategies, incentivize off-peak parking, and mitigate parking congestion during peak hours.In addition to improving operational efficiency, smart parking systems contribute to sustainability efforts by reducing carbon emissions and promoting eco-friendly practices.By minimizing the time spent circling for parking and optimizing traffic flow within parking facilities, these systems help mitigate vehicle emissions and alleviate environmental impacts associated with urban mobility. Furthermore, the implementation of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations within parking facilities encourages the adoption of electric vehicles and supports the transition to greener transportation alternatives.Moreover, smart parking systems enhance accessibility and inclusivity by offering features such as designated parking spaces for persons with disabilities and integration with mobility assistance services. By prioritizing accessibility and ensuring compliance with relevant regulations, these systems promote inclusivity and cater to the diverse needs of all users.In conclusion, the application of intelligent parking systems and devices represents a significant advancement in the parking service industry. By leveraging cutting-edge technology, these systems optimize parking space utilization, streamline operations, and enhance the user experience. Moreover, they contribute to sustainability efforts, promote accessibility, and support the transition towards smarter and more efficient urban mobility solutions. As cities continue to grow and evolve, smart parking solutions will play an increasingly vital role in addressing the challenges of urbanization and shaping the future of transportation.。

Intelligent parking systemEuropean Journal of Operational Research ; 0377-2217 ; 2006;175volumes; 3Intelligent parking management system uses advanced technology and highly automated mechanical and electrical equipment, mechanical, and electronic computer-controlled equipment, and intelligent IC card technology combine management can be achieved through the computer management of vehicle access, automatic data storage function, the realization of de machine operation and provide - efficient management of the system.Smart new car park will be living concepts and architecture, information technology, computer electronics technology, such as the perfect combination of modern high-tech to provide a simple, easy-to-use, advanced system of human nature. It relies on high-tech, people-oriented, graphical man-machine interface operation, providing a more safe, comfortable, convenient, fast and open intelligent, information-based living space, promoting the healthy development of human environment.1 parking lot at home and abroad mainly in the following several types1.1 mechanical parkingMechanical parking car park is mainly a kind of mechanical means parking the car park completely by mechanical parking equipment such as tractor driving machine, driven wheels, car panels, sliding device, control cabinet, called the operation site, Rotary lift devices, handling devices, etc.. Lifting and transferring is divided into categories, vertical circulation category, the level of cycle-type, multi-cycle-type, flat type of mobile, vertical categories, such as the type of simple movements. Because of its unique and diverse way of parking, has a strong application. It covers an area of the main advantages of small, diverse selection can be combined with site specific characteristics of the design, but also with other means to implement a combination of a high degree of automation, easy operation, management and maintenance is also easier with quantitative parking characteristics.1.2 Plane parking systemIntelligent parking system parking systems for their plane to take the main inductive way IC card readers, so the car park is also called inductive system. At present, China is still in the car park car park is mainly flat, generally built in the basement of buildings, there are a number of public areas such as the Plaza, the road side as the car park, followed by the hotel, enterprises, factories, and other units of their own planning and design of the car park.1.3 Smart parkingIntelligent parking system is also called the vertical lift or elevator-type parking system parking systems. It is a set of equipment, operation, security, monitoring, maintenance, management of the intelligent system as a whole, the touch-screen human-machine interface, operation and use is also very convenient, with intelligent management and charges of the system. Its high degree of intelligence testing and perfecting the service system can be impaired also run zero. It is characterized by the largest original time control functions, the realization of sub-periods, stratified parking control, effectively improve the utilization of parking spaces. Password through the keyboard and the IC card can be realized vehicle access, the process of charging, easy operation and convenient access; and with the city parking system, enabling the city's parking card, and the installation of surveillance systems networking with the area. Another intelligent modular three-dimensional garage have begun to mature, not only to achieve a full modular design, use of intelligent control technology, but also made full use of solar energy technology, energy reserves (energy) technology. Smart Modular three-dimensional garage is no longer a whole building, which is a combination of independent modules, such as parking spaces, lifting devices, such as the smart car parts scattered, when construction of the architecture in a building block as long as the same as the all zero components assembled together, it becomes a standardthree-dimensional garage, with a time-saving and low cost.1.4 Remote-controlled car park management systemIntelligent parking system remote control features of the car park management system is not subject to parking restrictions on the location and direction, as long as the distance between the remote control to openthe door and can be carried under control. Remote control and easy to carry, cheap, easy to install. The main principle is that in the railings and electric machine control box installed on the remote control door controller card and memory card to receive, in use, as long as the correct password for the remote control can control the system. Its products have experienced from the allocation of code and then type the pulse cycle of the development process has matured. Remote-controlled car park management system has been widely used in many European and private residential parking.2 smart parking system characteristics2.1 strict management system chargesArtificial cash for the current charges is not only labor-intensive, low efficiency, and are vulnerable to financial loopholes and cause great loss of cash. The use of IC card management system fees, because fees are recognized by the computer, statistics and records, to avoid errors and cheating, such as a phenomenon, to effectively protect the interests of investors yard.2.2 high-performance securityBecause of the high degree of confidentiality of IC cards, and its encryption spend decades in general computer solution of the time can not, it can not be modeled, from the root system to ensure the credibility and feasibility.2.3 The management of a high degree of safety and soundnessArtificial taking the issue of credit cards where admission card at any time and without omissions recorded, lost car or false lost car occurred from time to time, to the car park management has caused many inconveniences to the parking lot also brought economic losses. Management fees and the use of a computer system, due to various types of card in the computer are detailed records of relevant information; monthly cards and stored value cards can be lost to re-submit a timely manner; hourly rate cards can also be lost at any time search, the timely processing of .At the same time, the system functions with the image contrast. Both types of parking the vehicle registration number, filing cards, a card dedicated to ensure the safety of parking. When the reader detects vehicle controller, the computer automatically grades and play out this license plate recognition system when the brand re-identification of comparison, the computer screen in real-time display of the number of vehicles out of the population, status, time, and the owner of the information. If the license plate wrong, the computer prompts at any time, and issued a warning not to leave, and other relevant personnel at the scene.2.4 durability and reliablePassive non-contact IC card, the card is generally coil for data transmission and reception of energy use, and all sealed and thereforehave a dust-proof and waterproof function. It should not be read-write heads to avoid the wear and tear tape, interference or failure due to dust accumulation and the head of the phenomenon in general can be used more than 100,000.2.5 Non-contact IC card technology leaderNon-contact IC card is the electromagnetic technology, RF technology, computer technology, code recognition technology integrated application of technology, with excellent water-proof, anti-fouling, anti-oil, anti-corrosion, anti-static and anti-distortion, such as destruction of properties.2.6 establish a good corporate imageGood corporate image is priceless intangible assets, smart parking system, the modernization of the use of high-tech products will no doubt enhance the image and visibility of property management, fee management computer system, in terms of product design, or package system brought about by the nature and management of scientific, management will have to establish a good image, so that virtuous circle of companies who step-by-step, and continuously forge ahead and become a model of scientific management.3 smart parking system equipmentIntelligent parking by the population, export and center management has three major components.3.1 imported parts: the main part of the population by the induction IC card reader, IC card a card machine, intercom extension, video cameras, vehicle sensors, parking detector, the entrance of the control panel, automatic road gates, vehicle detector coil and display parking spaces and so on.3.2 parts exports: exports mainly includes induction by IC card reader, camera, intercom extension, export control panel, automatic road gates, vehicles and vehicle detection coil contrast imaging system.Management Center 3.3: Management fees Management Center computers, monitors, hard disk video recorders, reports, printers, car park management fee component and system software.4 constitutes a smart parking system4.1 parking spaces for display systemThe entire smart parking system is a computerized management system, it needs real-time detection of the parking spaces, the intelligent parking system for this purpose may be to set up a parking space in each detector, through the signal processor into sub-systems managementsoftware, management software by analysis will present the best parking spaces in the parking spaces to the driver display screen at the same time open spaces and bright lights prompt, suggesting that drivers in this parking. Detector if the parking spaces to the parking garage with no vacancies, the screen display parking "garage fully booked" and the ticket machine shows "full digital garage" and that the vehicle no longer be allowed into the library.4.2 Anti-theft SystemAnti-theft system is a set of parking spaces in various places to install a high-key remote control, which work in parallel parking spaces detector. When the driver stopped the car after the storage operation will be remote control code to the vehicle; when the driver of the bus ready to take the Treasury to operate a remote control decoder to the vehicle. If there is no decoder check car alarm system-related work and linkage alarm or activate video surveillance systems, prevention of vehicle thefts.4.3 Monitoring SystemSurveillance system cameras, controllers, monitors, video recorders composition. The main parking garage for security surveillance, to ensure safe and secure parking.4.4 Image Comparison SystemContrast imaging system consists of cameras, snapshot controller, image processor and other components. When a vehicle or into the library card for the tickets, the capture controller to start a video camera image of the vehicle and the driver together with the votes held by the card or the coexistence of people of the information system of a database. When a vehicle inspection of library card or check, the capture controller again, and start off brand camera photo images, and then with the system database to compare information. If the information in line road brake automatically released from a column of vehicles; Otherwise, the message is not allowed and automatic alarm.4.5 Export SystemWhen a database of vehicles, the vehicle detector sensor signal out of the Treasury to inform the host computer and prompts the operator to prepare the operation, a video camera at the same time export images of the vehicle identification information and the corresponding number with the computer all the relevant information for comparison , in line with the fee should be calculated automatically and through the toll signs indicate that the driver prompt payment; warning if it does not match, suggesting that vehicle entry fees based on images taken during the manual more than right.Center Management System 4.6 softwareCenter software package management system is the smart parking management system the core of the smart parking system, it functions primarily by strong PC and peripheral equipment such as printers. Management Center can be used as a server device through the bus connection with the subsidiary, the exchange operating data, and data for the operation of automatic statistics, record-keeping. System has a password protection feature to prevent unauthorized management procedures are invasive and have a very strong graphics capabilities, able to plan parking garage, parking spaces occupied by the real-time, import and export, as well as channel opening and closing state of blockade, etc. displayed on the screen, car park to facilitate the management and scheduling. It is not only the construction unit to provide a flexible and effective management style, but also to have the self-maintenance function and the expansion of certain functions, in order to adapt to future technology development needs.5 Intelligent parking systemProducts are only to help human beings are becoming more efficient, more convenient and simple to solve the problem. Intelligent parking system as an advanced product is the ultimate human services, it can not be divorced from the principle of people-oriented or advanced technology is a waste. Technology therefore parking should also be in line with local conditions and give full play to all the features of the car park. In addition to the intelligent parking lot outside a number of basic functions should have the following functions.5.1 Induction card(1) long-range sensors;(2) waterproof, Antimagnetic, antistatic, wear-resistant, and information storage capacity, long service life;(3) through the card to pay parking fees, the realization of card functions;(4) to read and write fast, easy to operate;(5) use of non-directional, you can read and write in any direction over the work surface to complete reading and writing;(6) ID card reader and two-way password identification system.5.2 Automatic function(1) accept input signals manually for debugging installation;(2) delay, under-voltage, over-voltage automatic protection;(3) can be a buffer of two lift gate to receive instructions, can be had for cars;(4) gates with RS485 communication interface, an acceptable management fee of the direct control of the computer;(5) unloading device, in order to prevent external damage;(6) with anti control system, ensure the safety of vehicles;(7) photoelectric switch stroke control to replace the mechanical trip switch, long life;(8) compatibility, and to ensure that the needs of different types of customers;(9) with a balance to ensure the operation of light, smooth, small input power;(10) additional emergency manual device to prevent the occurrence of accidents;(11) circuit-wide non-contact control system, ensure the safety of vehicles.5.3 Import and Export function boxes(1) whether the perception of vehicles, car-free or not issuing card reader;(2) temporary user key access cards, access cards do not spit out the card in the specified time automatically close cards, card to avoid wastage;(3) usually show the clock and date;(5) identification card reader, alarm lights are null and void;(6) system at any time sensor reading into the ballot box has been the region's proximity card without lawful authority, a one-time read the card on the card type, card number, report the loss signs, sign into the game, the validity of such data, sent to CPU processing, in accordance with the type of card into the corresponding process, showing card number and state;(7) show the monthly card is valid and the card status (active, expired, report the loss or appearance into state);(8) non-real-time network control panel can operate both the effective operation of all built-in memory, database archiving, and preservation of more than 6000 records. Data can be recorded at any time by the administrator or have permission to access and uninstall leadership.Car park management software 5.4(1) image to identify a two-way comparison function;(2) property management system can read data, automatic generation of cards out of authority;(3) special treatment of special features of vehicles;(4) auto-complete temporary card charges, the effective monthly card release function;(5) set up a variety of billing methods, users choose their own settings;(6) when the graphics card type card reader and card status (active, expired, report the loss, into the state of play, etc.);(7) Vehicular access to the adjustable clock date, report the loss to uninstall blacklist;(8) classification administrator privileges. Support other workstations authorized access to data (events and images);(9) to generate various types of statistical reports and a powerful data retrieval query function;5.5 Management functions(1) can be run off-line can also be networked to run, even if the PC in the network interruption or failure of the normal operation of the event;(2) Vehicular access to the whole logic of self-locking intelligent control system, tightly controlled cardholders into, out of the actions are consistent with the "one card of a car" requirement;(3) command and control the import and export functions of the various settings and dynamic control system;(4) high reliability and adaptability of the digital vehicle detection system, anti-砸车device can ensure that both the approach of reversing the vehicle or vehicles, as long as the gate to stay under par, would not fall under gate with a manually under functional mode;(5) rolling LED electronic display prompts Chinese air show parking spaces so that users and administrators at a glance;(6) with UPS, to ensure that power outages in the system, the system at least more than the normal operation of 1h;(7) Intelligent Controller with RS485 communication interface, enabling the network to run a number of entrances and exits.6. parking plan。

中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文：Intelligent vehicle is a use of computer, sensor, information, communication, navigation, artificial intelligence and automatic control technology to realize the environment awareness, planning decision and automatic drive of high and new technology. It in aspects such as military, civil and scientific research has received application, to solve the traffic safety provides a new way.With the rapid development of automobile industry, the research about the car is becoming more and more attention by people. Contest of national competition and the province of electronic intelligent car almostevery time this aspect of the topic, the national various universities are also attaches great importance to research on the topic, many countries have put the electronic design competition as a strategic means of innovative education. Electronic design involving multiple disciplines, machinery and electronics, sensor technology, automatic control technology, artificial intelligent control, computer and communication technology, etc., is a high-tech in the field of many. Electronic design technology, it is a national high-tech instance is one of the most important standard, its research significance is greatThe design though just a demo model, but is full of scientific and practical. First we according to the complex situation of road traffic, in accordance with the appropriate author to make a road model, including bend, straight and pavement set obstacles, etc. On curved and straight, the car along the orbit free exercise, when the small car meet obstacles, pulse modulation infrared sensors to detect the signal sent to the microcontroller, a corresponding control signal according to the program MCU control cars automatically avoid obstacles, to carry on the back, forward, turn left, turn rightSubject partsIntelligent vehicle is a concentration of environment awareness, planning decision, multi-scale auxiliary driving, and other functions in an integrated system, is an important part of intelligent transportation system.In military, civilian, space exploration and other fields has a broad application prospect. The design of smart car control system are studied, based on path planning is a process of the intelligent car control system2.1 theory is put forwardThe progress of science and technology of intelligent led products, but also accelerated the pace of development, MCU application scope of its application is increasingly wide, has gone far beyond the field of computer science. Small to toys, credit CARDS, big to the space shuttle, robots, from data acquisition, remote control and fuzzy control, intelligent systems with the human daily life, everywhere is dependent on the single chip microcomputer, this design is a typical application of single chip microcomputer. This design by implementing the driverless car, on the tests, by the reaction of the single chip microcomputer to control the car, make its become intelligent, automatic forward, turn and stop function, after continuing the perfection of this system also can be applied to road testing, security patrol, can meet the needs of society.In design, the use of the sensors to detect road surface condition, sensor central sea are faint and adopts a comparing amplifier amplification, and the signal input to the controller, the controlled end using stepper motor, because of the step motor is controlled electrical pulse, as long as the output from the controller to satisfy stepper motor merits of fixed control word. In operation of stepping motor and a drivingcircuit, it also to join a drive circuit in the circuit, each function module is different to the requirement of power supply current, the power supply part set up conversion circuit, so as to meet the needs of the various parts. After comparison choice element, design the circuit principle diagram and the circuit board, and do the debugging of hardware, system software and hardware is often the combination of organic whole. Software, on the use of the 51 single-chip timer interrupt to control pavement test interval and the car movement and speed. Due to take that road is simple, it is using more traditional assembly language for programming. For the correctness of the program design, using a commonly used keil c51 simulation software simulation validation, the last is integrated debugging of software and hardware, and prove the correctness and feasibility of the design scheme.2.2 electronic intelligent car design requirements(1) electric vehicles can be able to according to the course to run all the way; (2) electric vehicles can store and display the number of detected metal and sheet metal to the starting line in the distance; (3) are accurately electric cars after exercising all the way to the display of the electric vehicle the entire exercise time; (4) electric cars can't collisions with obstacles in the process of exercise.2.3 the general conception of computer network teaching websiteUsing 89 c51 as the car's control unit, sensor eight-way from outside,in the front of the car, as a black belt in the process of the car into the garage detecting element, at the rear end of the car when connected to eight-channel infrared sensors as the car pulled out of the garage of a black belt in detecting element, the LJ18A3-8 - Z/BX inductive proximity switch as garage iron detecting element, the microcontroller after receiving sensor detects the signal through the corresponding procedures to control the car forward, backward, turn, so that the car's performance indicators meet the requirements of the design.Intelligent car is a branch of intelligent vehicle research. It with the wheel as mobile mechanism, to realize the autonomous driving, so we call it the smart car. Smart car with the basic characteristics of the robot, easy to programming. It with remote control car the difference is that the latter requires the operator to control the steering, start-stop and in a more advanced remote control car can also control the speed (common model car belong to this type of remote control car); The smart car Is to be implemented by computer programming for the car stop, driving direction and speed control, without human intervention. Operator the smart car can be changed by a computer program or some data to change its drive type. This change can be controlled through programming, the characteristics of the car driving way is the biggest characteristic of smart car. The control system of smart car research purpose is to make the car driving with higher autonomy. If any given car a path, through the system,the car can get system for path after image processing of data moving and Angle (a), and can be scheduled path, according to the displacement and Angle information.The control system structure analysisAccording to the above design idea, the structure of the intelligent car control system can be divided into two layers1, the planning layerPC control system, the planning layer provides the information of the whole car driving, including path processing module and communication module. It has to solve the basic problem(1) using what tools to deal with the car path graph;(2) the car movement model is established, the data to calculate the car driving;(3) set up the car's motion model, the data to calculate the car driving;Layer 2, behaviorLower machine control system, the behavior is the underlying structure of a smart car control system, realize the real-time control of the car driving, it includes communication module, motor control module and data acquisition module. It to solve the basic problems are:(1) receiving, processing, PC sends data information;(2) the design of stepping motor control system;(3) information collection and the displacement and Angle of the car, car positioning posture, analysis system control error;The total design schemeSmart car control system are obtained by system structure, order process:(1) start AutoCAD, create or select a closed curve as the cart path, pick up the car starting $path graph(2) to choose the path of the graphics processing, make the car turning exist outside the minimum turning radius of edges and corners with circular arc transition(3) to generate a new path to simulate the motion process of car;(4) to calculate the displacement of the car driving need and wheel Angle, and then sends the data to the machine(5) under the machine after receiving data, through software programming control the rotation speed and Angle of the car wheels and make it according to the predetermined path A complete control system requirements closely linked to each function module in the system, according to the order process and the relationship between them, the total design scheme of the system is available.Design of basically has the following several modulesPart 1, the information acquisition module, data collection is composed of photoelectric detection and operation amplifier module,photoelectric detection were tracing test and speed test of two parts. To detect the signal after budget amplifier module lm324 amplifier plastic to single chip, its core part is several photoelectric sensor.2, control processing module: control processing module is a stc89c52 MCU as the core, the microcontroller will be collected from the information after the judgement, in accordance with a predetermined algorithm processing, and the handling results to the motor drive and a liquid crystal display module, makes the corresponding action.3, perform module: executable module consists of liquid crystal display (LCD), motor drive and motor, buzzer of three parts. LCD is mainly based on the results of single chip real-time display, convenient and timely users understand the current state of the system, motor driver based on single chip microcomputer instruction for two motor movements, can according to need to make the corresponding acceleration, deceleration, turning, parking and other movements, in order to achieve the desired purpose. Buzzer is mainly according to the requirements in a particular position to make a response to the report.译文一、引言智能车辆是一个运用计算机、传感、信息、通信、导航、人工智能及自动控制等技术来实现环境感知、规划决策和自动行驶为一体的高新技术综合体。

停车系统介绍英文作文英文：Parking System。

As a frequent driver, I have experienced thefrustration of finding a parking spot in a crowded area. That's why I believe a parking system is necessary to make the process more efficient and less stressful.Firstly, a parking system could provide real-time information about available parking spots. This information could be displayed on a digital map or even sent todrivers' smartphones, allowing them to quickly locate a spot and avoid driving around aimlessly.Secondly, a parking system could also streamline the payment process. Instead of having to search for a parking meter and fumble with coins, drivers could simply pay through an app or online portal. This would save time andreduce the risk of getting a parking ticket.Finally, a parking system could also help reducetraffic congestion. By guiding drivers to available spots and eliminating the need for them to circle around in search of a spot, the system could help reduce the number of cars on the road and improve overall traffic flow.In summary, a parking system would make the process of finding and paying for parking more convenient and less stressful, while also helping to reduce traffic congestion.中文：停车系统。

毕业设计（论文)外文资料翻译院:专业：姓名:学号：外文出处:(用外文写)附件：1。

外文资料翻译译文;2.外文原文。

附件1:外文资料翻译译文智能停车辅助系统的系统配置智能停车场管理系统采用先进技术和高度自动化的机电设备，将机械、电子计算机和自控设备以及智能IC卡技术有机地结合起来，通过电脑管理可实现车辆出入管理、自动存储数据等功能，实现脱机运行并提供-种高效管理服务的系统。

新型的智能停车场将生活理念和建筑艺术、信息技术、计算机电子技术等现代高科技完美结合,提供的是一种操作简单、使用方便、功能先进的人性化系统.它依靠高科技，以人为本,采用图形人机界面操作方式,提供一种更加安全、舒适、方便、快捷和开放的智能化、信息化生活空间,促进了人文环境的健康发展.本文介绍了目前开发的投资促进机构配置（智能停车辅助系统)。

IPAS允许司机指定目标位置的三个免费方法：基于单眼视觉的停车位置标记识别，基于超声波传感器的停车位置识别,和拖放GUI（图形用户界面)。

IPAS生成最优路径马赫指定的目标位置。

在停车场的运作,并估计自我车辆姿势使用ESP（电子稳定程序）的传感器,如车轮需要银行脚踏开关和传感器,转向角传感器。

IPAS自动控制制动和转向通过发送所需的促动ESP和轨迹通过可以EPS（电动助力转向)。

IPAS通知当前驱动器通过对停车操作后视图的图像轨迹估计,这是通过实验验证了系统的车辆。

关键词智能停车辅助系统，驾驶员辅助系统介绍我们都由六部分组成：自我车辆姿态估计,路径生成器和流浪汉;跟踪，主动制动系统，主动转向系统，和HMI(人机界面）.IPAS既可进行半自动的停车辅助系统，其中的转向操作自动化。

而且自动泊车辅助系统，其中转向和制动操作自动化。

指定目标位置定位的自动/半自动停车操作的目标位置。

我们开发了三个互补的方法：基于单目视觉的停车插槽标记识别,基于超声传感器的平行泊车插槽识别，和拖放的GUI（图形用户界面)。

自我车辆姿态估计实现通过利用各种传感器，包括轮速传感器的车辆姿态估计的阿克曼模型，转向角度传感器，制动踏板开关,和车轮角度传感器。

智能停车位特征英语作文English:Intelligent parking spaces are equipped with various features thataim to optimize the parking experience for drivers. These features typically include sensors that can detect the presence of vehicles, allowing for real-time monitoring of available parking spots. Additionally, some intelligent parking spaces have integrated systems that can guide drivers to an open spot through the use of digital displays or mobile apps. Furthermore, these spaces may also have surveillance cameras installed to enhance security and deter potential acts of vandalism or theft. Overall, the key characteristics of intelligent parking spaces revolve around efficiency, convenience,and safety for both drivers and their vehicles.Translated content:智能停车位配备了各种功能，旨在优化驾驶员的停车体验。

这些功能通常包括可以检测车辆存在的传感器，可以实时监控可用的停车位。

此外，一些智能停车位还集成了系统，可以通过数字显示屏或移动应用程序引导驾驶员到空闲车位。

智慧停车系统翻译英文设计方案Smart Parking System Design Proposal1. IntroductionThe purpose of this design proposal is to outline the key features and functionality of a smart parking system. This system aims to utilize technology to efficiently and effectively manage parking spaces, improve traffic flow, and enhance the overall parking experience for users. The proposed system incorporates various components such as sensors, mobile applications, and data analysis tools to achieve these objectives.2. System ArchitectureThe smart parking system consists of three main components: parking sensors, a central control unit, and a mobile application. The parking sensors are installed at each parking space to detect the presence of a vehicle. These sensors communicate with the central control unit, which processes the data received from the sensors and provides real-time information to the users through the mobile application.3. Parking Space DetectionThe parking sensors are responsible for accurately detecting the presence or absence of vehicles in each parking space. They utilize technologies such as infrared or ultrasonic sensors to detect the presence of a vehicle. These sensors are installed at a suitable height and angle to ensure accurate detection. This information is then relayed to the central control unit for further processing.4. Real-time Parking Availability InformationThe central control unit collects and analyzes the data from the parking sensors to determine the availability of parking spaces. This information is then communicated in real-time to the users through the mobile application. Users can access this information before reaching the parking lot and can easily find available parking spaces, saving time and reducing frustration.5. Navigation and GuidanceThe mobile application provides navigation and guidance features to help users find available parking spaces within the parking lot. Once a user selects a parking space, the application provides turn-by-turn directions to guide them to the designated parkingspace. This feature ensures efficient usage of parking spaces and minimizes the time taken to find a parking spot.6. Reservation SystemTo further enhance the user experience, the smart parking system includes a reservation feature. Users can reserve a parking space in advance through the mobile application. This feature is especially useful in busy areas where parking spaces are limited. Users can reserve a parking space for a specific time slot, ensuring they have a guaranteed spot upon arrival.7. Payment IntegrationThe smart parking system integrates payment options within the mobile application. Users can pay for their parking session using various payment methods such as credit/debit cards or mobile payment platforms. This eliminates the need for physical payment at parking meters and provides a convenient and seamless payment experience for the users.8. Data Analysis and StatisticsThe central control unit collects data from the parking sensors and stores it for further analysis. This data can provide valuable insights into parkingpatterns, occupancy rates, and peak hours. By analyzing this data, parking lot operators can optimize parking space allocation, allocate resources more effectively, and identify areas for improvement. They can also generate reports and statistics to monitor the performance of the parking system over time.9. Security and PrivacyThe smart parking system considers the security and privacy of users' personal information. All data transmission between the sensors, central control unit, and mobile application is encrypted to prevent unauthorized access. User information is securely stored and managed in compliance with privacy regulations. Additionally, the system includes surveillance cameras and security measures to ensure the safety of the parking lot and its users.10. ConclusionThe proposed smart parking system aims to revolutionize the traditional parking experience by utilizing technology to provide real-time parking availability information, navigation and guidance, and reservation features. The integration of payment options, data analysis tools, and security measuresenhances the overall efficiency, convenience, and security of the parking system. Implementing this system will greatly improve the parking experience for users and provide valuable insights for parking lot operators.。

智能停车场中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)智能停车场最近几年来汽车的动态平衡与静态管理已成为许多专家学者重点研究的新课题。

智能停车场系统为了保证车辆安全和交通方便，迫切需要采用自动化程度高、方便快捷的停车场自动管理系统，提高停车场管理水平。

现阶段的目标就是要提供满足人们工作、生活、娱乐环境更科学、规范、有效快捷、安全、方便的智能停车场自动管理系统。

停车场管理系统正在向大型化、复杂化、集成化和高科技化方向发展，智能停车场系统已经被纳入智能建筑的一个重要子系统，并且正与智能建筑的其它子系统进一步高度集成。

智能停车场管理系统采用先进技术和高度自动化的机电设备，将机械、电子计算机和自控设备以及智能IC卡技术有机地结合起来，通过电脑管理可实现车辆出入管理、自动存储数据等功能，实现脱机运行并提供—种高效管理服务的系统。

新型的智能停车场将生活理念和建筑艺术、信息技术、计算机电子技术等现代高科技完美结合，提供的是一种操作简单、使用方便、功能先进的人性化系统。

它依靠高科技，以人为本，采用图形人机界面操作方式，提供一种更加安全、舒适、方便、快捷和开放的智能化、信息化生活空间，促进了人文环境的健康发展。

1 目前国内外停车场主要有以下几种类型1．1 机械式停车场机械式停车场是国内停车场主要的一种，机械式停车场是指停车场完全由机械停车设备如曳引驱动机、导向轮、载车板、横移装置、控制柜、召唤操作盘、升降回转装置、搬运器等构成。

分为升降横移类、垂直循环类、水平循环类、多层循环类、平面移动类、垂直升降类、简单升降类等类型。

因其停车方式多样独特，具有很强的应用性。

它的主要优点有占地面积小，选型多样、可具体结合场地特点设计，也可与其他方式相结合来实施，自动化程度高，操作使用方便，管理和维护也较为容易，具有定量存车的特点。

1．2 平面停车场系统智能停车场系统平面停车场系统因其主要采取感应式IC卡读卡方式，所以也叫感应式停车场系统。

外文资料翻译Every day a significant percentage of drivers in single-occupancy vehicles search for a parking space. Additionally, less experienced drivers or out-of-towners further contribute to the increase of traffic congestion. Search for a vacant parking space is a typical examp le of a search process. Every parking search strategy is composed of a set of vague rules. It is usually difficult to describe these rules explicitly. The type of the planned activity, time of a day, day of the week, current congest ion on particular routes, knowledge of city streets, and potentially available parking places have significant influence on a chosen parking search strategy. On the other hand, the drivers usually discover diffierent parking alternatives one by one in a temp oral sequence. Clearly, this temporal sequence has a very strong influence on the driver's final decision about the parking place[19].During the past two decades, traffic authorities in many cities (Helsink i, Cologne, Mainz, Stuttgart, Wiesbaden, Aalborg, Hague) have started to inform and guide drivers to parking facilities with real-time var-iab le message signs [directional arrows, names of the parking facilities, status (full, not full, number of availab le parking spaces, etc.)]. Information about the numb er of available parking spaces could be displayed on the major roads, streets and intersections, or it could be distrib uted through the Internet.It is logical to ask the question about the benefits of the park ing guidance systems. Current practice shows that parking guidance systems usually do not change the occupancy rate or average parking duration. Drivers easily become familiar with the parking guidance systems, and majority of them use, thrust and appreciate the help of the systems[20].Guidance systems significantly increase the probability of find ing vacant parking space, mitigate frustration of the drivers–visitors unfamiliar with the city center, decrease the queues in front of parking garages, decrease the total amo unt of vehicle-miles traveled (particularly in the city centers), decrease the average trip time, energyconsumption, and air po llutio n. Parking guidance system is a part of comprehensive parking policy and traffic management system, whose other elements are street parking control (includ ing sanctions for the illegally parked vehicles), parking fare structure, and parking revenue management system. Parking guidance systems help drivers to find vacant parking spaces when they are already on the network, and approaching their final destination. Througho ut this research the concepts of the parking reservation system and parking revenue management system are proposed. The proposed methodology could be app lied for parking lots and parking garages in cities and at the big international airports.The paper is organized as fo llows: Parking-pricing problems are presented in Section 2. Analogies between parking problems and some other industries are presented in Section 3. The parking revenue management system is introduced in Section 4, and the Intelligent parking space inventory contro l system is introduced in Section 5. The algorithm to create intelligent parking spaces inventory control system is presented in Sectio n 6. Results obtained with the ‘‘intelligent’’ park ing system are given in Section 7, an d Sec-tion 8 presents the conclud ing remarks and further research orientations.1.parking pricingIn majority of cities throughout the world drivers pay for using d ifferent parking facilities. In some instances, traffic congestio n can be significantly reduced as a result of parking price. The parking revenue is usually used to cover park ing facility costs (access gates, ticket printers, park ing meters, parking signs, attendants), or to improve some other traffic and transportatio n activities. Different parking pricing strategies should be a part of the comprehensive solutio n approach to the complex traffic congestion problems. There is no doubt that parking pricing represents one of the important demand management strategies. Forexamp le, traffic authorities, local governments and private sector could introduce higher parking tariffs for solo drivers or for long-term parkers in congested city areas. They could provide special parkingdiscounts to vanpoolers. Obviously parking pricing sho uld be carefully studied in the context of the considered city area (down-town, residential, commercial, retail use areas).In some cities (Madison, Wisconsin) there are already time dependent parking fees that force commuters to switch to diffierent alternatives of pub lic transportation. Trying to promote public transit San Francisco traffic authorities increased parking tariffs at pub lic and commercial garages. The Chicago authorities raised parking rates fewtimes. Authorities in Seattle significantly reduced parking tariffs for c arpool at two Seattle parking facilities in downtown. Active role in parking pricing strategies could also have emp loyers paying for emp loyees' parking. Emp loyers who remove parking subsidies for the emplo yees could significantly decrease the total number of solo drivers. The main ro le of any parking pricing strategy should be reducing the total number At the same time, when trying to implement any parking strategy, it is very important to provide enough parking space for shoppers, to provide preferential parking for residents in considered city area, to provide preferential park ing for different parking locations, to consider low income families, and to protect streets in the neighborhood fro m illegal parking.The basic economic concepts of supply and demand should be more utilized when solving comp lex traffic congestion and parking problems (Vickrey, 1969, 1994; Verhoef et al., 1995). So-called value pricing is also known as congestion pricing, or variable tolling. The basic idea behind the concept of congestion pricing is to force drivers to travel and use transportatio n facilities more during off-peak hours and less during peak hours. The idea of congestion pricing is primarily connected with the road (drivers pay for using private, faster roads, drivers with lower vehicle occupancy pay for using High Occupancy Vehicle lanes, drivers pay more to enter city's downtown on weekdays) or airport operators (more expensive land ing fees during peak hours). In the context of parking prob lems, this means: that diffe rent parkingtariffs sho uld exist for different users; that the parking fees should increase and/or decrease few times during a day.2.Parking problems and revenue management systems: Analogies with so me other industriesAirline industry, hotels, car rental, rail, cruise, healthcare, broadcast industry, energy industry, golf,equip ment rental, restaurant, and other industries are utilizing revenue management concepts when selling their products (Cross, 1997). The roots of the revenue management are in the airline industry. The basic characteristics of the industries to which different revenue management concepts were successfully applied are: variab le demand over time; variable asset utilization; perishab le assets; limited resources; market segmentatio n; adding new capacity is expensive, difficult or impossib le; direct cost per client is negligib le part of the total cost of making service available; selling products in advance. The main characteristics of the parking space inventory control problems are the following:Parking demand is variab le over time.Like hotel rooms, or restaurant chairs, parking spaces also have daily opportunity to be ‘‘sold’’ (used by clients).Any parking lot or garage has limited number of parking spaces that can be used by driversMarket segmentation means that different custo mers are willing to pay different prices for the same asset (hotel room, airline seat, seat in a rented car). Businessman wanting to park a car near a meeting point 15 minutes before the meeting would be ready to pay much higher parking fee than a pensioner planning to walk with his wife through the downtown, who made parking reservation four day in advance.Build ing new garages and parking lots could be very expensive and sometimes very d ifficult.Parking places can be easily reserved in advance.3.Introducing parking revenue management systemA certain number of drivers would maybe cancel their reservations before beginning of the parking.These cancellations would also be made at random mo ments of time. Like in some other industries, a certain number of drivers would not appear in parking garage for which they have a con-firmed reservation and purchased ticket. Would these drivers be penalized for their behavior? Depending on ration between parking demand and parking supp ly, the answer could be ‘‘Yes’’ or ‘‘No’’.In case of a ‘‘nested reservation system’’, the high tariff request will not be rejected as long as any parking spaces are availab le in lower tariff classes. For examp le, if we have four tariff classes, then there is no booking limit for class 1, but there are booking limits (BLi, i = 2, 3, . . ., m) for each of the remaining three classes). All parking spaces are always availab le to class 1. There are always a certain number of parking spaces protected for class 1, certain number of parking spaces protected for classes 1 and 2, and certain number of parking spaces protected for classes 1, 2 and 3. If we make a request-by-request revision of booking limits, there is no longer a difference between distinct and nested reservation system.In this research (like in the paper of Teodorovic´et al., 2002) an attempt was made to make reservation decisio ns on the ‘‘request-by-request’’ basis. In the scenario that we consider, we assume that there are more than two types of tariffs. The basic characteristic of the parking space inventory contro l model that we propose is ‘‘real-time’’ decisio n mak ing about each driver request. The developed model is called an ‘‘intelligent’’ parking space inventory contro l syste[21].智能停车场系统每天都会有一个显著的比例single-occupancy车辆驾驶者在寻找一个停车位。

毕业设计(论文)外文资料译学院：机械电子工程学院专业：机械设计制造及其自动化姓名：学号：外文出处：(用外文写)附件：；。

附件1：外文资料翻译译文智能停车系统摘要：这篇文章探讨了停车预约系统和停车收益管理系统的基本概念。

所谓的“智能”停车厂是通过基于模糊逻辑技术和整数规划技术组合的存车控制系统来“在线“决定是否接受或拒绝新司机要求停车。

这种模型的第一步是要为许多不同模式的车辆到达提供最好的停车策略。

这些停车策略都是使用整数规划的方法开发的。

第二步，从最好的策略中学习，定义具体的规则。

该方法的独特性在于这些规则都是源自选择假设未来交通停车模式是众所周知的一系列例子。

结果就是都在假设未来的停车模式都是众所周知的条件下发现接近最好的解决方法。

关键字：交通、不确定性建模、控制、停车、模糊逻辑1.介绍每一天都有相当数量的自驾车司机寻找一个停车位。

此外，缺乏经验的司机或者外地车进一步加剧了交通堵塞。

寻找一个空的停车位是一个搜索过程的典型例子。

每一个停车搜索策略是由一组模糊规则组成。

这些规则通常难以明确地描述。

计划活动的类型，一天中的那个时间，一星期中的那天，目前在特定线路的拥挤情况，城市街道的状况和潜在的可用停车位都会对停车位搜索策略有重大的影响。

在过去的四十年里众多的停车搜索模型被开发出来。

在许多交通工具（出行方式，航空承运人的选择，机场的选择等等）要决策的情况下，决策者（旅客，司机）都预先知道这些互相竞争的选择和他们的特点。

在另一方面，司机们通常会在一个时间序列中发现一个又一个不同的停车选择，显然，这个时序会对司机的最终决定停车位有非常大的影响。

在过去的二十年里，交通局在许多城市（赫尔辛基、科隆、美因茨、斯图加特、威斯巴登、奥尔堡、海牙）便开始用实时可变信息标志[方向的箭头，停车设施的名称，状态（已满、未满、可用停车位数量）]来通知和引导司机停车。

可停车位的数量信息可以显示在主要道路、街道和十字路口，或者也可以通过互联网发布。

Parking Guidance Control System Based on Internet of Things IntroductionRoad construction in the city is becoming better,the parking lots as the main transportin frastructure,the construction of the parking area can effectively alleviate the city traffic congestion,therefore,the state has increased the construction of parking,especially the construction of intelligent parking lots.Parking space detection system as an important part of intelligent parking yard construction,detection function of parking spaces is the basis of parking space detection system operation, and the parking information transmission is the key of improving the efficiency of parking detection system.Therefore,This paper puts forward the research on Parking space detection system based on Magneto-resistive sensor and ZigBee,in order to improve the utilization efficiency of parking spaces.It has important significance to the construction of intelligent parking lot.This paper on the parking spaces were identified and judged by parking space detection node with reluctance sensor as the main detection function.Building a very powerful ZigBee wireless sensor network,the parking information data is transferred from one node to another node,and by way of relay is transmitted to the coordinator. And by designing the host computer display platform,Parking lot management can real-time observe occupancy of parking spaces,the implementation of effective management and monitoring of moving vehicle.The main research contents in this paper are as follows:(1)Combined with the characteristic and working principle of the magneto-resistive sensor,based on detailed analysis between network architecture of ZigBee technology,the network device type and network topology structure,the whole structure design of parking detection system is proposed.(2)On the basis of analyzing hardware structure of parking space detection nodes,the coordinator and router,the main hardware circuit module is designed in detail,includes a sensor module,a microprocessor module,serial communication module,power management module,antenna and balun matching circuit,and to complete the PCB design of the hardware circuit node.(3)The design of I2C bus driver,extraction of magnetic signal sensor detection, the use of parking space detection algorithm to determine the current state of parking spaces;based on the analysis of ZigBee protocol stack,the software design of node;application of Visual Studio2010to design a upper computer software,to realize the parking information visualization.To help drivers to quickly find a spare parking,a parking guidance control system was proposed.The principle of ultrasonic ranging was used to detect the state of a parking space,and through the internet of things the parking detector transmits the real-time information to the controlcenter.The control center mainly is an industrial computer and is responsible for dealing with the real-time information and sending the control command by internet of things.The guidance signs at each crossroad receive the wireless commands and execute them,by which the guidance function is performed.The internet of things was realized by ZigBee star network,in which the control center is a coordinator and other parts are routers or terminal equipments.The simulation experiment results show that the parking guidance system works well,and has the value of application and promotion to some extent.With the social progress and the economic development in china,people’s living way is changing greatly and cars have become the necessary tools for more and more people,which results in cars increasing rapidly,especially in cities.This phenomenon usually causes parking overcrowded and even chaos that is great inconvenience to people's lives.So we need try to deal with the problem by high-tech means.With the development and application of the internet of things technology,it is gradually entering the field of smart parking system that functions more powerful and intelligent,and is providing a more comprehensive technology service for the car owners.So the intelligent parking meets the need of keeping abreast of the times and is the fruit of high-tech development.The intelligent parking system can not only reduce the phenomenon of parking difficultly and save the car owner’s parking time, but also can promote the standardization construction of transport facilities. Furthermore,it can be easily combined into a more powerful integrated system with other intelligent systems,which is suitable for a variety of comprehensive advantaged management.To establish a set of intelligent parking toll collection management and guidance system that makes parking service is safe,simple and accurate,and to control the constructing cost and operating cost to the appropriate extent is the current trend of a parking management.Improving the work efficiency and overcoming the shortcoming of the traditional manual management is the ideal model of the modern parking.System ComponentsThe system performs the function of parking guidance according to the real-time state information in the parking and the counter values of parking regions,which reduces the parking time and improves the parking efficiency.As Fig.1shown,the system consists of control center,ultrasonic parking detectors,parking guidance signs, display of parking information and counters for different parking areas.The ultrasonicparking detectors is the basic of the guidance system,which collect the real-time state information for the control center;the parking region counter is used to count the number within some parking region and the core device is infrared transmitter and receiver;the parking guidance sign is usually realized by led lights,which is responsible for guiding th direction;the display screen is used to display the real-time parking information and notice;the control center may be realized by a industrial computer and is responsible for the overall management.Internet of ThingsIn order to achieve the communication between the various parts of theguidance system in a wide range of space,the internet of things is taken which is realized by ZigBee technology that is a low-power personal area network based on IEEE802.15.4 standard protocol.According to the protocol,ZigBee is a short-range,low-power wireless communication technology,which is characterized by a short distance,low complexity,selforganizing,low-power,low-data-rate,and low-cost.So it is suitable for the field of automatic control and remote control that can be embedded in a variety of devices.The ZigBee is realized by ZigBee module designed with TI's ZigBee chip —CC2530[6]as core.The CC2530System-on-Chip solution for2.4GHz is suitable for a wide range of applications and provides an IEEE802.15.4compliant radio transceiver.Furthermore,it provides an interface between the MCU and the radiowhich makes it possible to issue commands,read status,which makes it having excellent receiver sensitivity and robust 2530with enhanced 8051MCU kernel has rich peripheral,such as UART,12-bit ADC and21universal GPIO.And it can also be equipped with TI's standard and compatible or proprietary network protocol stack.The central server is as a network coordinator,the other parts as the terminal nodes.In the ZigBee network,star network is used,where industrial as the coordinator and other parts as router or terminal equipments.Parking Space DetectorTo complete the parking guidance the parking space detection is the basis of the parking guidance system,and the real-time state of the parking must be collected.As shown in Fig.3,the parking state detector comprises ultrasound ranging module,ZigBee data processors,the transmitting and receiving antenna and power. The device of transmitting and receiving is designed in the ultrasound ranging module. During the distance measuring,the transmitting part is triggered by the output signal of CC2530,and the time counter is cleared.Then the external interrupt events of CC2530is triggered by the ultrasonic echo signal,in which ultrasound reciprocal distance is calculated by calculating the ultrasonic round-trip time counter.When a car is parked,the distance gotten by ultrasound detector is significantly shorter than when there is no car parked.So according to this we can judge if there is a car in a parking place.ZigBee data processor converts the state information intomodulated signal by the internal transmitter and then the information is transmitted by the antenna.Through the wireless receiving device,the control center receives the real-time detection result of the parking state and programs the navigation.To complete the parking guidance successfully,only the parkingspace detection as parking sensor is not enough:when a car is driving to a parking place,the parking place will be unavailable for the other cars,though the parking place is not taken now. The working principle is as follows.The device is installed on the entrance and exit of a parking area.If a car is running into the entrance of the parking area,the receiver can’t receive the infrared because of blocking of the car and it triggers the counter to make the counter increased by one.On the contrary,if the car is leaving out of the exit of the parking area,the counter decreases by one.So we can know clearly how many cars exist in the parking area.By collecting the real-time information of the counters in different parking areas,and by combining with the state information of each parking space,the right guidance can be performed by the control center. Simulation ExperimentIn order to verify the scheme,a parking experimental model system was developed in the laboratory,where cars were replaced by electric remote control cars, and a personal computer was used as the control center.In addition,twenty four parking places were designed,and we got the areas In theexperiment,the situation that single car is on the road and the situation that multiple cars are on the road are separately tested.However,the phenomenon of competition for parking space and the phenomenon of error guidance didn’t appear and the simulation experiment result was good.ConclusionIn view of the problems of low automation level of manual service in parking lot, difficulty in finding an empty parking space and low parking efficiency of drivers,we proposed a parking guidance system.The guidance system is based on the internet of things that is realized by ZigBee communication.In addition,in the guidance system the central server was used as the central node.Manufacturing and Engineering Developments of a star network,and parking space detectors,parking guidance signs in crossings and parking area counters were used as terminal nodes.The simulation experiment shows that the guidance system can work well and steadily,and so has the value of application and promotion.基于物联网的停车引导控制系统引言城市的道路建设日趋完善，停车场作为主要的交通基础设施，停车场的建设可有效的缓解城市交通拥堵压力，因此，国家加大了对停车场的建设，尤其是智能化停车场的建设。

本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译毕业设计（论文）题目：基于PLC的自动化立体车库控制系统设计__ 外文题目：PLC control three-dimensional garage system design _ 译文题目：PLC控制的立体车库系统设计学生姓名：徐芳菲_______________专业：自动化_______________指导教师姓名：于冬梅________________评阅日期：_____________________PLC控制的立体车库系统设计Ho Gi Jung*，Chi Gun Choi ,Dong Suk kim ,Pal Joo YoonMANDO CorporationZIP446-901,413-5,Gomae-Dong,Giheung-Gu,Yongin-si,Kyonggi-Do,Korea 摘要：立体停车库生产在中国是个新兴行业，立体停车库可缓解城市动、静态交通问题，改善居住环境，有效利用土地价值。

本系统采用PLC、计算机结合组态画面监控，按动按钮或控制组态画面即可完成汽车存取过程，操作简单，存取方便。

控制电路部分采用交流接触器传统方式，使运行安全可靠。

设计采用可分组合，模块式安装，方便灵活，具备维护使用方便，造价低等特点。

关键词：立体车库可编程控制器组态监控Ⅰ.引言车辆无处停放的问题是城市的社会、经济、交通发展到一定程度产生的结果，立体停车设备的发展在国外，尤其在日本已有近30~40年的历史，无论在技术上还是在经验上均已获得了成功。

我国也于90年代初开始研究开发机械立体停车设备，距今已将近二十年的历程。

由于很多新建小区内住户与车位的配比为1:1，为了解决停车位占地面积与住户商用面积的矛盾，立体机械停车设备以其平均单车占地面积小的独特特性，已被广大用户接受。

机械车库与传统的自然地下车库相比，在许多方面都显示出优越性。

首先，机械车库具有突出的节地优势。

以往的地下车库由于要留出足够的行车通道，平均一辆车就要占据40平方米的面积，而如果采用双层机械车库，可使地面的使用率提高80％—90％，如果采用地上多层（21层）立体式车库的话，50平方米的土地面积上便可存放40辆车，这可以大大地节省有限的土地资源，并节省土建开发成本。

智能停车场设计研究外文文献翻译___ intelligent parking lot design。

including the use of ___.nAs cities ___。

the need for ___ designs in real-world settings.Sensor-Based Parking SystemsOne of the key components of intelligent parking lot design is the use of sensor-based parking ___ and when it es available。

This n can then be used to guide drivers to available parking spaces。

cing the time and effort required to find a parking spot。

Sensor-based parking systems can also be used to monitor parking lot ___.___ Designs___ intelligent parking lot design。

there are also several ___ is the cost of ___ is the need to ___。

there is also the ___ drivers about how to use these ___.______ challenges。

it is ___ process。

This includes parking lot owners。

city planners。

___。

n and outreach programs can be used to help drivers ___.n___ lot design is an important area of research that has the potential to ___ around the world。

Intelligent parking systemAbstractThe basic concepts of the parking reservation system and parking revenue management system are discussed in this paper. The proposed intelligent’’ parking space inventory control system that is based on a combination of fuzzylogic and integer programming techniques makes ‘‘on line’’ decisions whether to accept or reject a newdriver's request for parking. In the first step of the proposed model, the best parking strategies are developed for many different patterns of vehicle arrivals. These parking strategies are developed using integer programming approach. In the second step, learn-ing from the best strategies, specific rules are defined. The uniqueness of the proposed approach is that the rules are derived from the set of chosen examples assuming that the future traffic arrival patterns are known. The results were found to be close to the best solution assuming that the future arrival pattern is known.b5E2RGbCAPKeywords: Traffic。

智能停车场系统中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文：Intelligent parking systemAbstractThe basic concepts of the parking reservation system and parking revenue management system are discussed in this paper. The proposed intelligent’’ parking space inventory control system that is based on a combination of fuzzy logic and integer programming techniques makes ‘‘on line’’ decisions whether to accept or reject a new driver's request for parking. In the first step of the proposed model, the best parking strategies are developed for many different patterns of vehicle arrivals. These parking strategies are developed using integer programming approach. In the second step, learn-ing from the best strategies, specific rules are defined. The uniqueness of the proposed approach is that the rules arederived from the set of chosen examples assuming that the future traffic arrival patterns are known. The results were found to be close to the best solution assuming that the future arrival pattern is known.Keywords: Traffic; Uncertainty modeling; Control; Parking; Fuzzy logic 1.IntroductionEvery day a significant percentage of drivers in single-occupancy vehicles search for a parking space. Additionally, less experienced drivers or out-of-towners further contribute to the increase of traffic congestion. Search for a vacant parking space is a typical example of a search process. Every parking search strategy is composed of a set of vague rules. It is usually difficult to describe these rules explicitly. The type of the planned activity, time of a day, day of the week, current congestion on particular routes, knowledge of city streets, and potentially available parking places have significant influence on a chosen parking search strategy. During the last four decades numerous parking search models have been developed (Vander Goot, 1982; Axhausen and Polak, 1991; Polak and Axhausen, 1990; Young et al., 1991a,b; saltzman, 1997; Shoup, 1997; Steiner, 1998; Thompson and Richardson, 1998; Arnott and Rowse, 1999; Tam and Lam, 2000; Wong et al., 2000; Waterson et al., 2001). In many decision-making situations in transportation (modal split, choice of air carrier, choice of airport, etc.) the competitive alternatives and their characteristics are reasonably well known in advance to the decision maker (passenger, driver). On the other hand, the drivers usually discover diffierent parking alternatives one by one in a temporal sequence. Clearly, this temporal sequence has a very strong influence on the driver's final decision about the parking placeDuring the past two decades, traffic authorities in many cities (Helsinki, Cologne, Mainz, Stuttgart, Wiesbaden, Aalborg, Hague) havestarted to inform and guide drivers to parking facilities with real-time var-iable message signs [directional arrows, names of the parking facilities, status (full, not full, number of available parking spaces, etc.)]. Information about the number of available parking spaces could be displayed on the major roads, streets and intersections, or it could be distributed through the Internet.It is logical to ask the question about the benefits of the parking guidance systems. Current practice shows that parking guidance systems usually do not change the occupancy rate or average parking duration. Drivers easily become familiar with the parking guidance systems, and majority of them use, thrust and appreciate the help of the systems. Guidance systems significantly increase the probability of finding vacant parking space, mitigate frustration of the drivers–visitors unfamiliar with the city center, decrease the queues in front of parking garages, decrease the total amount of vehicle-miles traveled (particularly in the city centers), decrease the average trip time, energy consumption, and air pollution. Parking guidance system is a part of comprehensive parking policy and traffic management system, whose other elements are street parking control (including sanctions for the illegally parked vehicles), parking fare structure, and parking revenue management system.Parking guidance systems help drivers to find vacant parking spaces when they are already on the network, and approaching their final destination. Throughout this research the concepts of the parking reservation system and parking revenue management system are proposed. Such systems would help drivers to find a vacant parking space even before beginning their trip. The proposed ‘‘intelligent’’parking space inventory control system that is based on the combination of simulation, optimization techniques, and fuzzy logic makes ‘‘real-time’’ decisions as to whether to reject or accept a new request for parking. The proposedmethodology could be applied for parking lots and parking garages in cities and at the big international airports.The paper is organized as follows:1. Parking-pricing problems are presented in Section 2. Analogies between parking problems and some other industries are presented in Section 3. The parking revenue management system is introduced in Section 4, and the Intelligent parking space inventory control system is introduced in Section 5. The algorithm to create intelligent parking spaces inventory control system is presented in Section 6. Results obtained with the ‘‘intelligent’’ parking system are given in Section 7, and Sec-tion 8 presents the concluding remarks and further research orientations.2.parking pricingIn majority of cities throughout the world drivers pay for using different parking facilities. In some instances, traffic congestion can be significantly reduced as a result of parking price. The parking revenue is usually used to cover parking facility costs (access gates, ticket printers, parking meters, parking signs, attendants), or to improve some other traffic and transportation activities. Different parking pricing strategies should be a part of the comprehensive solution approach to the complex traffic congestion problems. There is no doubt that parking pricing represents one of the important demand management strategies. For example, traffic authorities, local governments and private sector could introduce higher parking tariffs for solo drivers or for long-term parkers in congested city areas. They could provide special parking discounts to vanpoolers. Obviously parking pricing should be carefully studied in the context of the considered city area (down-town, residential, commercial, retail use areas).In some cities (Madison, Wisconsin) there are already time dependent parking fees that force commuters to switch to diffierent alternativesof public transportation . Trying to promote public transit San Francisco traffic authorities increased parking tariffs at public and commercial garages. The Chicago authorities raised parking rates few times. As a consequence, the total number of cars parked significantly decreased, as well as parking duration time. The greatest decrease was in the number of all day parkers. Authorities in Seattle significantly reduced parking tariffs for carpool at two Seattle parking facilities in downtown . Active role in parking pricing strategies could also have employers paying for employees' parking. Employers who remove parking subsidies for the employees could significantly decrease the total number of solo drivers. The main role of any parking pricing strategy should be reducing the total number of vehicle trips during certain time periods, shifting commuters to alternative transportation modes, and to different parking locations. At the same time, when trying to implement any parking strategy, it is very important to provide enough parking space for shoppers, to provide preferential parking for residents in considered city area, to provide preferential parking for different parking locations, to consider low income families, and to protect streets in the neighborhood from illegal parking.The basic economic concepts of supply and demand should be more utilized when solving complex traffic congestion and parking problems (Vickrey, 1969, 1994; Verhoef et al., 1995). So-called value pricing is also known as congestion pricing, or variable tolling. The basic idea behind the concept of congestion pricing is to force drivers to travel and use transportation facilities more during off-peak hours and less during peak hours. The idea of congestion pricing is primarily connected with the road (drivers pay for using private, faster roads, drivers with lower vehicle occupancy pay for using High Occupancy Vehicle lanes, drivers pay more to enter city's downtown on weekdays) or airportoperators (more expensive landing fees during peak hours). In the context of parking problems, this means: (a) that different parking tariffs should exist for different users; (b) that the parking fees should increase and/or decrease few times during a day.3.Parking problems and revenue management systems: Analogies with some other industriesAirline industry, hotels, car rental, rail, cruise, healthcare, broadcast industry, energy industry, golf,equipment rental, restaurant, and other industries are utilizing revenue management concepts when selling their products (Cross, 1997). Revenue management could be described as a group of different scientific techniques of managing the company revenue when trying to deliver the right product to the right client at the right price at the right time. The roots of the revenue management are in the airline industry. The basic characteristics of the industries to which different revenue management concepts were successfully applied are: (a) variable demand over time; (b) variable asset utilization; (c) perishable assets; (d) limited resources; (e) market segmentation; (f) adding new capacity is expensive, difficult or impossible; (g) direct cost per client is negligible part of the total cost of making service available; (h) selling products in advance. The main characteristics of the parking space inventory control problems are the following:· Parking demand is variable over time.· Like hotel rooms, or restaurant chairs, parking spaces also have daily opportunity to be ‘‘sold’’ (used by clients).·Any parking lot or garage has limited number of parking spaces that can be used by drivers· Market segmentation means that different customers are willing to pay different prices for the same asset (hotel room, airline seat, seat ina rented car). Businessman wanting to park a car near a meeting point 15 minutes before the meeting would be ready to pay much higher parking fee than a pensioner planning to walk with his wife through the downtown, who made parking reservation four day in advance.· Building new garages and parking lots could be very expensive and sometimes very difficult.· Parking places can be easily reserved in advance.Introducing and developing parking reservation system (created in an Internet and cell phone environ-ment) would present further improvement in modern parking technologies. Drivers would be advised and guided before beginning of the trip, as well as during the trip. Parking reservation system should be coupled with the parking revenue management system. In this way, parking operators and traffic authorities would be able to implement different parking strategies. Once the driver is allowed to park, it is possible to implement internal garage guidance system that guides the driver to an empty parking place.4.Introducing parking revenue management systemLet us assume that we have parking reservation system. Drivers make their requests for parking at random moments of time (by phone from home, by cell phone while driving, through the Internet, etc.).A certain number of drivers would maybe cancel their reservations before beginning of the parking.These cancellations would also be made at random moments of time. Like in some other industries, a certain number of drivers would not appear in parking garage for which they have a con-firmed reservation and purchased ticket. Would these drivers be penalized for their behavior? Depending on ration between parking demand and parking supply, the answer could be ‘‘Yes’’ or ‘‘No’’.Reservation system should be flexible enough allowing some drivers to appear right before wished beginning of parking, looking for an emptyspace in a garage, even though they do not have a confirmed reservation. Would it be good to have few different parking tariffs? The answer is obviously ‘‘Yes’’. Drivers paying lower parking tariffs could be disabled and senior citizens, people who reserve parking space few days in advance, or HOV drivers. Drivers paying higher tariffs could be solo drivers, long term parking drivers, or drivers showing up and asking for parking without making reservation in advance. Obviously, there is a lot of possible parking pricing strategies.The stochastic nature of reservation generation and cancellation, the stochastic nature of driver show-up during reserved time slot, variety of parking tariffs, and the need to respond to drivers' requests in real time, indicate that the management of parking garage revenues represents a complex problem.In the past 30 years a relatively large number of papers have been devoted to different aspects of the air-line seat inventory control problem (Littlewood, 1972; Belobaba, 1987; Brumelle and McGill, 1993; Teodorovic et al., 2002). The model proposed in this paper is highly inspired by the developed airline yield management stochastic and/or deterministic models.Let us assume that we have few different parking tariffs. The simplest reservation system (similar to some airline reservation systems in the past) could be ‘‘distinct tariff class parking space inventories’’ (Fig. 1(a)),indicating separate parking spaces in the garage for each tariff class. In this case, once the parking space is assigned to a tariff class, it may be booked only in that tariff class or else remains unsold. There are certain advantages, as well as certain disadvantages in the case of distinct parking space inventories. In this case users paying lower tariffs would be relatively well ‘‘protected’’. In other words, this system would pay a lot of attention to the disabled person, senior citizens,people who reserve parking space few days in advance, and HOV drivers. Obvious disadvantage of the distinct parking space inventories is the fact that very often some parking spaces assigned to lower tariff users would be empty even the higher tariff users demand is very high. In other words, it would be possible to reject some drivers even all parking spaces in garage are not occupied.In case of a ‘‘nested reservation system ’’, the high tariff request will not be rejected as long as any parking spaces are available in lower tariff classes. For example, if we have four tariff classes, then there is no booking limit for class 1, but there are booking limits (BLi, i = 2, 3, . . ., m) for each of the remaining three classes (Fig. 1(b)). As we can see from Fig. 1(b), all parking spaces are always available to class1. There are always a certain number of parking spaces protected for class 1, certain number of parking spaces protected for classes 1 and 2, and certain number of parking spaces protected for classes 1, 2 and 3. If we make a request-by-request revision of booking limits, there is no longer a difference between distinct and nested reservation system.In this research (like in the paper of Teodorovic ´ et al., 2002) an attempt was made to make reservation decisions on theBL1BL2BLmCBL1=CBL2BLm (a)(b)Fig.1‘‘request-by-request’’ basis. In the scenario that we consider, we assume that there are more than two types of tariffs. The basic characteristic of the parking space inventory control model that we propose is ‘‘real-time’’ decision making about each driver request. The developed model is called an ‘‘intelligent’’ parking space inventory control system.译文：智能停车场系统摘要：本文讨论停车预订系统和停车收入管理系统的基本概念.拟议的智能停车空间的库存控制系统，基于模糊逻辑和整数规划技术相结合，使“上线”决定是否接受或拒绝新的驱动程序的停车要求。

智慧停车系统翻译成英文设计方案Design Proposal for Intelligent Parking System1. IntroductionIntelligent parking systems have gained popularity in recent years as they offer efficient, convenient, and secure parking solutions. This design proposal aims to outline the key features and functionalities of an intelligent parking system.2. System OverviewThe intelligent parking system consists of three main components: the parking space management system, the vehicle detection system, and the mobile application for users.2.1 Parking Space Management SystemThis component is responsible for the overall monitoring and management of the parking spaces. It includes a central server that receives real-time data from the vehicle detection system and processes it to determine the availability of parking spots. The system will also provide a user-friendly web-based interface for administrators to manage parking rates, generate reports, and monitor system performance.2.2 Vehicle Detection SystemThe vehicle detection system utilizes advanced technologies such as video analytics and sensors to detect the presence of vehicles in parking spaces. It will be installed at each parking spot and will send real-time data to the parking space management system. This system will use the collected data to determine the availability of parking spaces and update the information in real-time.2.3 Mobile Application for UsersThe mobile application will serve as the primary interface for users to access the intelligent parking system. It will provide features such as real-time parking space availability, reservation and payment options, navigation to available parking spaces, and remote vehicle retrieval. The application will be available on both iOS and Android platforms, ensuring maximum accessibility for users.3. Key Features and FunctionalitiesThe intelligent parking system will offer the following key features and functionalities:3.1 Real-time Parking Space AvailabilityUsers will be able to check the availability of parking spaces in real-time through the mobileapplication. This feature will save users time and frustration by allowing them to plan their parking ahead of time.3.2 Reservation and Payment OptionsUsers will have the ability to reserve parking spaces in advance through the mobile application. Once a parking space is reserved, users will be able to make payments securely through the application, eliminating the need for cash transactions and minimizing waiting time at the entrance/exit.3.3 Navigation to Available Parking SpacesThe mobile application will provide navigation assistance to guide users to available parking spaces. It will utilize GPS and mapping technologies to provide accurate directions, reducing the time and effort spent searching for parking spaces.3.4 Remote Vehicle RetrievalThe intelligent parking system will offer a unique feature that allows users to request their parked vehicles to be delivered to a designated location within the parking facility. This feature will save users time and provide convenience, especially in large parking facilities.4. Security and SafetyThe intelligent parking system will prioritize the security and safety of users and their vehicles. The system will include surveillance cameras, access control systems, and alarm systems to deter potential theft or vandalism. Additionally, the system will monitor parking spaces for any unauthorized vehicles or suspicious activities, ensuring a safe and secure environment for users.5. ConclusionThe proposed design for the intelligent parking system includes a comprehensive set of features and functionalities that aim to improve the parking experience for users. With real-time parking space availability, reservation and payment options, navigation assistance, and remote vehicle retrieval, this system will offer convenience, efficiency, and enhanced security.。