转译法 Conversion资料
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翻译转换法(亦称“转译”)转换法(conversion)所谓转换法(也称转译),是指翻译过程中由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达上的差异,在保证原文意思不变的情况下,译文必须改变词类或词在句子中的作用,以使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。
转换法是翻译中最为常用的一种变通手段,是突破原文词法、语法与句法格局,化阻滞为忠实、通顺的重要技巧。
它不仅指词类的改变,而且还包括词类作用的改变和一定词序的变化,当然主要是词类的变化。
By conversion we mean that in translation a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessarily to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language. We cannot translate English mechanically word for word into Chinese. A good translator should try by all means to reproduce the thought of the author faithfully in another language, quite disregarding the parts of speech of individual words so used in his version. In practical translation work, words identical in meaning but different in part speech and the word order may also be changed.(一)词性转换一般说来,在翻译过程中词类转换是没有限制的,也就是说可以把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成名词、动词、副词和短语。
Chapter 5 转译法Conversion (1)一、转译法Conversion:A word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessarily to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language.二、使用usage由于英汉表达方式不同,因此在翻译中有些句子不能按照原文逐词翻译,有些词在译文中需要转换词类,才能使汉语译文通顺自然。
比如,英语和汉语相比,汉语中动词用得比较多,而英语句子往往只有一个谓语动词。
例如:He admires the President’s stated decision to fight for the job.他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。
以上句中,英语的谓语动词只有admires一个词,其他用的是过去分词(past participle) stated、动词派生名词(noun derived from the verb) decision、不定式(infinitive) to fight和前置词(preposition) for等。
而汉语没有词形变化,但可以几个动词连用。
因此,英语中有许多词类,尤其是名词、前置词、形容词、副词在英汉翻译时往往可以转换成动词。
又如:The growing awareness by millions of Africans of their extremely poor and backward living conditions has prompted them to take resolute measures and create new ones.原译:数以百万计的非洲人对于他们非常贫穷落后的生活条件的日益觉醒促使他们采取坚决的措施,创造新的生活条件。
Conversion词的转换译法(1)大体可分为7 种:①词类转换(转性);②句子成分转换;③表达方式转换;④自然语序和倒装语序转换;⑤正面表达与反面表达转换;⑥主动语态与被动语态转换;⑦分句转换。
Converted into verb英语中的某些名词、介词、副词,翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。
1. Noun-->verb一)英语中很多由名词派生的动词,以及由名词转用的动词,在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词,这时可将其转译成汉语名词。
1. 名词派生的动词1)Formality has always characterized their relationship.他们之间的关系,有一个特点,就是以礼相待。
2)To them, he personified the absolute power.在他们看来,他就是绝对权威的化身。
2. 名词转用的动词1)Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions.美国绝大多数间谍卫星,按其设计,是在完成使命后,在大气层中焚毁。
2)The lack of any special excretory system is explained in a similar way.植物没有专门的排泄系统,可用同样的方式加以说明。
3)As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.他跑出去时,忘记了穿鞋子。
Practice1.My admiration for him grows more and more.我对他越来越钦佩了。
2.An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the studies of current affairs.了解世界历史对研究时事很有帮助。
翻译技巧4词类转译法英语与汉语的一个显著差异:英语呈静态;汉语呈动态从词汇用法上,英语中常用抽象名词、动词的同源名词、同源形容词、副词及介词等来表达动态含义。
而汉语的动词由于无形态变化,若要表示动作意义,往往只能采用动词。
Don’t believe him.You should know he is a good kidder.不要相信他。
你应该知道他很会骗人的。
I’m doubtful whether he is still alive.我怀疑他是否还活着。
Mother is on the telephone with father.母亲与父亲在通话。
一、词类的转译(一)英语名词的转译1.英语名词—〉汉语动词nominalization)成为英语使用中的普遍现象,构成了静态为主的语言特征。
而汉名词化(nominalization语是逻辑性语言,不受动词形态变化的约束,使用较多的动词,形成了明显的动态优势。
英译汉的过程就是在译文中强化原文动态色彩的过程,常常需要英语名词转换成汉语动词。
(1)具有动作意义的名词(action nouns)例1.I’m convinced that China’s WTO membership will do more contributions to the development of global economy.我坚信中国加入WTO将会对全球经济发展做出更大贡献。
例2.Parents’love of children is perfect and minute.(n.+of)父母爱子女无微不至。
English.(n.+of短语)例3.There is no shortcut to the mastery of English掌握英语无捷径。
(2)有些与感官动词(see,hear,think,know等)相联系的名词(sight,sound,glance,view, knowledge等)通常转译成动词。
第三章词法翻译(Translation of words)七、转性译法(Conversion)词性转换(E-C)名词动词介词动词形容词名词形容词副词副词名词形容词名词副词副词形容词一、转换成动词(一)名词转换成动词1. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
2. The sight of such a big plane filled the little boy with great curiosity.看到这么大的飞机,那个小男孩充满了好奇。
3. A glance through his office window offers a panorama of the Washington Monument.从他的办公室窗口一眼可以看到华盛顿纪念碑的全景。
4. The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.5. My suggestion is that he quit smoking at once.6. He is a keen lover of classic music.7. Some of my classmates are good singers.8. My admiration for him grew more.9. Last week he declared his discovery of a new planet.10. This novel defies classification.11. The international food shortage had a direct impact on Kuwait and other barren desert countries. (国际粮食短缺直接影响了科威特等贫瘠的沙漠国家。