基础英语写作期末考试及其答案

写作课期末考试试卷一、词汇与语法1. 请根据所给的中文词汇，写出相应的英文翻译。

- 创新- 可持续发展- 人工智能- 虚拟现实2. 请根据所给的英文句子，找出并纠正其中的错误。

- "I have been studying English for three years now, and I am still learning new words everyday."- "The weather is very nice today, so I decide to go out for a walk."二、阅读理解阅读下面的文章，回答下列问题。

文章内容：（此处为示例，实际考试中应提供一篇完整的文章）随着科技的发展，人们越来越依赖于各种智能设备。

智能手机、智能手表、智能家居系统等，都极大地方便了我们的生活。

然而，这种便利也带来了一些问题。

首先，过度依赖智能设备可能会削弱我们解决问题的能力。

其次，智能设备的安全问题也不容忽视，个人信息泄露的风险日益增加。

问题：1. 文章主要讨论了智能设备带来的哪些问题？2. 为什么说过度依赖智能设备可能会削弱我们解决问题的能力？三、写作请根据以下提示写一篇不少于400字的短文。

提示：- 描述你最近参加的一个活动。

- 你从这个活动中学到了什么？- 这个活动对你有什么影响？四、翻译将以下中文段落翻译成英文。

中文段落：随着全球化的不断深入，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。

了解不同文化背景下人们的行为习惯和思维方式，对于促进国际合作和理解至关重要。

我们应该积极学习外语，拓宽视野，增进对其他文化的理解和尊重。

五、综合应用1. 请根据所给的英文句子，写出相应的中文翻译。

- "The rapid development of technology has changed our way of life."- "It is important to maintain a balance between work and leisure."六、结束语请在完成所有题目后，仔细检查你的试卷，确保没有遗漏或错误。

七年级英语基础写作练习题40题答案解析版1.My friend has a lot of _____.A.bookB.booksC.bookesD.book's答案解析：B。

A 选项book 是单数形式，前面有a lot of，应该用复数形式books。

C 选项bookes 拼写错误。

D 选项book's 是名词所有格形式，不符合题意。

2.There are many _____ on the teacher's desk.A.penB.pensC.penesD.pen's答案解析：B。

A 选项pen 是单数形式，many 后面应该用复数形式pens。

C 选项penes 拼写错误。

D 选项pen's 是名词所有格形式，不符合题意。

3.The _____ of our school is very big.A.studentB.studentsC.student'sD.students'答案解析：B。

A 选项student 是单数形式，is 前面应该用复数形式students，做主语。

C 选项student's 是名词所有格形式，不符合题意。

D 选项students'是复数名词所有格形式，也不符合题意。

4.I have two _____ in my pencil case.A.pencilB.pencilsC.pencilesD.pencil's答案解析：B。

A 选项pencil 是单数形式，two 后面应该用复数形式pencils。

C 选项penciles 拼写错误。

D 选项pencil's 是名词所有格形式，不符合题意。

5.The _____ room is on the second floor.A.teacherB.teachersC.teacher'sD.teachers'答案解析：C。

基础写作期末考试题及答案考试题目：一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 下列哪个选项是正确的英文写作格式？A. 左对齐B. 右对齐C. 中心对齐D. 两端对齐答案：D2. 在写作中，以下哪个词组表示“引出主题”？A. Lead inB. Lead outC. Lead toD. Lead off答案：A3. 以下哪个句子使用了正确的被动语态？A. The book was read by John.B. The book read by John.C. John read the book.D. The book read.答案：A4. 在英文写作中，以下哪个短语表示“总结”？A. In conclusionB. In summaryC. To summarizeD. All of the above答案：D5. 以下哪个选项是英文写作中避免使用的第一人称？A. IB. WeC. HeD. She答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）6. 在写作中，为了使文章更加流畅，我们通常使用_________来连接句子。

答案：transition words7. 写作时，为了保持文章的客观性，应该_________使用第一人称。

答案：avoid8. 在英文写作中，段落的开头通常用来_________。

答案：introduce the main idea9. 写作时，使用_________可以提高文章的说服力。

答案：evidence10. 结尾段落的目的是_________。

答案：to conclude the argument三、简答题（每题5分，共10分）11. 请简述写作中使用比喻的好处。

答案：使用比喻可以使文章更加生动形象，帮助读者更好地理解抽象概念，增强文章的吸引力和说服力。

12. 请简述如何避免在写作中使用陈词滥调。

答案：避免使用陈词滥调的方法包括：创造性地使用语言，尝试新颖的表达方式，避免使用过于常见或俗套的表达，以及多阅读以拓宽词汇量。

Part I. Fill in the blanks below with the right word in brackets, change the form where necessary. (20%)1. The whole region was struck by an (economic, economical) disaster.2. We must pursue this matter (farther, further).3. The state attorney said that the man would be (persecuted,prosecuted).4. Jill is the girl (who/whom) I think went up the hill.5. The Red Cross will accept (whomever/whoever) volunteers.6. The trees stand nearly barren; their leaves (lay/lie) on theground.7. It is important that he (finds/find) a suitable job.8. Chinese food is (indescribable/indescribably) delicious.9. He is unhappy with an (occasional/occasionally)buzzing sound in the new piano.10. Walk (steady/steadily) along the edge of the wall.11. The young Mozart had a (terrible/terribly) precociousimagination.12. The sky turned (dark/darkly) in the afternoon.13. Sixty hours the amount of work time I contracted for. (be)14. Corn bread and milk a popular breakfast in the rural South. (be)15. He believe that athletics school morale.(improve)16. He is one of the students who to attend the speech contest.(plan)17. Each of the candidates for the position exceptionally highqualifications. (have)18. That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ella’s eyebrows . (raise,rise)19. Put the determiners in the brackets in the proper order._______________________years ( the, few, all, last)20. Arrange the adjectives in the brackets correctly_____________________________diamonds (large, lovely, round, shining)Part II. Note-Writing (20%)Write a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:Last night you had to attend a class meeting, but for personal reasons you cannot. Write a short note of apology to your class monitor, Tom..Part III. Write a précis for the following passage. (60%)I don’t know why so many people have it in for Microsoft. Jealousy, I guess. After all, it’s not many people who can persuade you buy something that’s not working properly, and then charge you in advance for something that may or may not be better.Many of you probably know that July 31 was the final deadline for Microsoft’s volume customers to pay for the company’s new subscription-based way of selling software. I won’t bore you with the details of the new licensing program, called Licensing 6.0. It’ll be enough just to say it has forced companies and governments all over the world to rethink their software budgets and whether they can truly afford to keep buying Microsoft server, operating-system and office-suite software. Or, more to their terror, whether they can afford not to.The fact is like this: Software manufacturers rely on selling new versions of their programs to get revenue. But this is unpredictable: How can you be sure everyone is going to Office 97 suite, for example, meaning they not only avoided the Office2000 upgrade, but also Office XP.In software terms, they’re like those annoying tribes that people keep discovering. These tribes seem happy and content wandering around in bits of clothes made of leaves, and drinking their simple but strong tree-sap wine, carefully ignorant of the benefits of air-conditioning , cable TV , etc.So Microsoft’s come up with a novel solution that ensures that these slow-mover—the Office 97 users, not the annoying tribes, -- buy upgrades. This guarantees the company’s revenues to remain nice and steady.Under these new licensing rules, a volume customer is encouraged to subscribe to software, rather than purchasing it immediately. On the plus side he’ll get all the fixes, support, and new versions that come out during the subscription period, as well as being able to spread out his costs. On the downside he won’t actually own the software he’s been using, and won’t be guaranteed an updated version unless it comes out during the subscription period. This program, ironically, is called Software Assurance, which not only sounds like something from persistent salesmen, but also seems to be a misused name, due to the lack of assurance it offers.Unsurprisingly, here’re some serious complaints going on, which has forced Microsoft to extend the deadline twice. Governments, with strict software budgets, are actively looking elsewhere. Peru is contemplating a law requiring all public institutions to switch to software that can be adapted and rewritten freely without copyright restriction. And Norway last month allowed its contracts with Microsoft to expire, opening the door for cheaper alternatives.What should you do? Personally, I’d prefer leaf skirts: there’s no compelling reason to upgrade to Office 2000 or XP. The added features you’re paying for with each upgrade are rarely must-have items; in most cases they’re either decorative or actually making using the software harder. In nearly all cases they’re rarely used andwhen they are they just bring trouble. When I tried to make use of a feature which supposedly allowed me to update text simultaneously across documents, everything ended up looking like the morning after a student party I once attended in a farmyard.I spent hours converting the fancy new formulas to plain old text. Indeed, with about half of users still happy with Office 97, you’d better save your Word documents in the older format just in case another user can’t read your file properly.If you want to save money, consider dropping Microsoft altogether. There are alternatives to Office: StarOffice, from Sun Microsystems is into its sixth version and sells for $80, or 20% of Microsoft Office. Better yet, Software602 Inc. offers an office package for free with an optional add-on for $30. another option: gobeProductive, $75 from GoBe Software Inc.For Microsoft, stuck with competition from earlier release of its own products, all this argument makes sense. For the rest of us? Stick with software that you’re happy with as long as you can. And meanwhile, enjoy your tree-sap wine.基础英语写作参考答案Part I (1*20=20%)1.economic2. further3. prosecuted4. who5. whoever6. lie7. stand8. indescribably9. occasional 10. steadily 11. terribly 12. dark 13. is 14. is 15. improves 16. plan17. has 18. raised 19. all the last few 20. lovely shining large round Part II Note-writing (20%)I.格式: (占3分)包括日期、称呼、和结尾三部分，各占1分。

Part I Multiple Choice(15%)Directi ons: There are 15 in complete stateme nts in this part. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best ONE to completethe statement. (1 ' x 15=15 ')1. According to the rules of writing a title, “__________ is correct.A. The Way To Improve Our En glish-Speak ing AbilityB. My View on the Negative Effects of AdsC. the Myth of a Negro LiteratureD. the war of In depe ndence2. Which of the followi ng senten ces has pun ctuati on error?A. The alarm clock soun ded, the stude nts got up quickly.B. The alarm clock soun ded; the stude nts got up quick.C. The alarm clock soun ded. The stude nts got up quickly.D. When the alarm clock sounded, the students got up quickly.3. _________ does not contain in the principles of “choice of words ” .A. AccuracyB. Arbitrari nessC. Appropriate nessD. Con cise ness4. What kind of figures of speech( 修辞格)is used in the sentence“ Thiselephant is like a snake as anybody can see. ” ?A. MetaphorB. Pers on ificatio nC. SimileD. Hyperbole5. During the TV in terview, the sin ger announ ced that he was going to ________ h is new album soon.A. releaseB. renewC. relieveD. rehearse6. Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, _________________ to find it locked.A. onlyB. justC. henceD. thus7. As I ' ll be away for at least a year, I ' d appreciate _________________ from you now and the n telli ng me how every one is gett ing along.A. heari ngB. to hearC. to be heari ngD. hav ing heard8. An introductory paragraph should arouse the reader ' s interest and_________ the main idea of the essay.A. ig noreB. i ntroduceC. developD. emphasize9. Which of the following sentences contains a dangling modifier?A. Coming up the hall, I heard the clock struck 10.B. While Wen dywas driv ing on Gree nwoodAve nue yesterday after noon, a treebega n to fall toward her car.C. When I was ten, my gran dfather died.D. None of the above.10. Which one is not used as a tran siti on word to give examples?A. for in sta neeB. such asC. likewiseD. n amely11. While making a good sentenee, the prineiples do not contain _______________A. varietyB. cohere neeC. unityD. duality12. “__________ is a compound sentence.A. Her mother would rem ind her.B. The rain fell for a week; therefore, every street in the city was flooded.C. Because the rain fell for a week, every street in the city was flooded.D. She wan ted to make sure that her mother was n ' t watch ing.13. ________ is the core sentence of a paragraph.A. Topic sentenceB. The first sentenceC. Support ing sentenceD. Con clud ing sentence14. In the sentence “After the plane took off, Jessica still stood therecrying. ” , what is the function of the underlined part?A. It ' s a prepositional phrase, functioning as an adverb.B. It ' s not a phrase, but an adverbial clause.C. It ' s not a phrase, but an independent clause.D. It ' s a prepositional phrase, functioning as the subject.15. In order to keep a paragraph cohere nt, we ofte n use the orga ni zati onalpatterns: _________1) time order 2) space order 3) order of importa nee 4)order of gen eralityA. 1), 2), and 3)B. 1), 2), and 4)C. 2), 3), and 4)D. 1), 2), 3), and 4)Part II Correct Senten ces (15%)Directi ons: The followi ng senten ces have some faults and correct them. (3 ' x 5 =15 ')1. There are many stude nts study in the classroom everyday.2. Feeling hungry, I decided to walk to the village buy some food.3. A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds.4. Every man, woma n, and child are en titled to join in the group.5. Jane was trying to keep her bala nee but fin ally falls.Part III Transitions (10%)Directi ons: Read the follow ing passage and choose an appropriate tran siti onword or phrase in the box. Write the corresp onding word or phrase in the blank. (2 ' x5=10')Another differenee among the world ' s seas and oceans is that the salinity varies in different climate zones. __________ , _______ the BalticSea (波罗的海) in Northern Europe is only one-fourth as saline as the Red Sea in the Middle East. There are two reasons for this. _____________________ , _________ in warm climate zones, water evaporates rapidly: therefore, theconcentration of salt is greater. Second, the surrounding land is dry and, on tribute much fresh water to dilutethe salty sea water. I n cold climate zon es, , water ____________evaporates slowly. _________ , ________ the run-off created by melting snowadds a considerable amount of fresh water to dilute the saline sea water.Part IV Readi ng for Better Writi ng (20%)Passage OneDirecti ons: Read the follow ing paragraph, find out the topic sentence and the nide ntify the irreleva nt senten ces. Mark the corresp onding nu mber on the below.(5')① Differe nt people spe nd their weeke nds in differe nt ways .② Some enjoy going to the mountains to hike, ski or just relax .③ Water skiing is muchmore difficult tha n snow skii ng .④ Others prefer going to the beach to enjoy the seashore activities and to get a suntan .⑤ Someof these people work very hard during the week; others have rather relaxing jobs .⑥ Still others like to relax by staying home and read ing a good book .Topic Sentence : _________Irreleva nt Senten ces :Passage TwoDirections: In the followi ng paragraph the topic sentence is abse nt, read themand write an appropriate topic sentence in your own words on the underline. (5 ')It can affect us physiologically. Excit ing music can in crease our heart rate, our breathi ng, and our blood pressure. Calming music can relax our muscles and eve n lower our skin temperature. Music can affect us physically too. Every one has found themselves tapp ing their feet or wanting to get up and dance to their favorite song. Music can definitely affect our mood and emotions. Music is slow and quiet makes us feel relaxed and less stressed, and stimulating music can energize us and make us feel playful and alive.Passage ThreeDirecti ons: Rearra nge the follow ing senten ces so that they will read logically.Put the letters in proper sequenee in the boxes provided below.. (2 ' x5=10')[A] Imitative words are words that sound like the thing or action they stand for.[B] The other one fifth is made up partly of borrowed words and partly of three other kinds ofwords: words from the n ames of peoples and places; imitative words; and inven ted words.[C] But there are probably more.[D] The old words which were born cen turies ago in the An glo-Sax on, Germa nic andFrench Ian guages make up four fifths of the En glish Ian guage.[E] Scholars guess that En glish has about 600, 000 words.[F] There is no n eed to say anything about these words, for they speak for themselves.[G] Ampere, volt and watt are all un its of electricity, and they are n amed for the men whodiscovered them.[H] Newwords continue to comeinto the Ianguage at such a rate that no dictionary couldpossibly keep up with them.Part V Rewrite Se nte nces (15%)Directions: Rewrite the following sentences according to the requirements.(3 ' x 5 = 15 ')1. (a) Xiaxi Town is not big but beautiful.(b) It has an area of about 80 square kilometers.(sentence with aprepositi onal phrase)2. (a) Mr. Smith will leave our school(b) He is a teacher of history . (se ntence with an appositive phrase)3. (a) The temple is visited by thousands of people every year.(b) It was built 1,000 years ago. (se ntence with a v-ed phrase)4. (a) I still remember the day .(b) I first came to Beijing on that day. (sentence with an attributiveclause)5. (a) He suffered from can cer .(b) He had smoked too much . (sentence with an adverbial clause)Part VI Writing (25%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write an essay on the topicGett ing to Know the World Outside of Campus. You should write about 150 wordsaccording to the situation given below in Chinese(Note: please writethe title of your essay): (25 ')1. 如今，很多大学生都会通过兼职工作了解校外的世界，这是很必要的；2. 了解校外世界的途径；3. 你了解校外世界的方法。

基础写作试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 以下哪个选项是正确的英语表达？A. I don't like to go to school.B. I don't like go to school.C. I don't like to go to the school.D. I don't like go to the school.答案：A2. 哪个词组的意思是“尽管”？A. in spite ofB. despite ofC. in despiteD. despite答案：D3. 以下哪个句子的时态使用正确？A. She is singing a song.B. She sings a song.C. She was singing a song.D. She sung a song.答案：C4. 哪个选项中的动词应该使用过去分词形式？A. The book written by her is very interesting.B. The book write by her is very interesting.C. The book is written by her is very interesting.D. The book is write by her is very interesting.答案：A5. 以下哪个句子使用了正确的比较级形式？A. She is more taller than her sister.B. She is taller than her sister.C. She is more taller than her sister.D. She is tall than her sister.答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）6. The weather today is ________ than it was yesterday.答案：warmer7. He has ________ books than I do.答案：more8. ________ the heavy rain, they decided to stay at home.答案：Because of9. She is ________ to go to the concert tonight.答案：excited10. The teacher asked us to ________ the article and hand it in tomorrow.答案：rewrite三、改错题（每题2分，共10分）11. I have went to the museum last week.答案：I went to the museum last week.12. She don't like eating vegetables.答案：She doesn't like eating vegetables.13. There is a lot of informations in this book.答案：There is a lot of information in this book.14. The boys are playing footballs in the park.答案：The boys are playing football in the park.15. I can't find my keys nowhere.答案：I can't find my keys anywhere.四、阅读理解题（每题3分，共15分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。

基础写作试题及答案解析一、词汇运用根据句意及首字母提示，填写正确的单词。

1. He is a very successful businessman and has made a lot of money in the p_________ years.答案：past解析：根据句意“他是一个非常成功的商人，在过去几年里赚了很多钱”，需要填入一个表示时间的单词，结合首字母提示“p”，可知填入“past”。

2. The teacher asked the students to keep their eyes c_________ during the exam.答案：closed解析：根据句意“老师要求学生在考试期间保持眼睛闭着”，需要填入一个表示状态的单词，结合首字母提示“c”，可知填入“closed”。

3. The company is going through a period of rapid g_________.答案：growth解析：根据句意“公司正在经历一个快速增长的时期”，需要填入一个表示发展状态的单词，结合首字母提示“g”，可知填入“growth”。

4. She is a very talented singer and has won many a_________.答案：awards解析：根据句意“她是一个非常有才华的歌手，赢得了许多奖项”，需要填入一个表示荣誉的单词，结合首字母提示“a”，可知填入“awards”。

5. The police are investigating the m_________ of the famous scientist.答案：murder解析：根据句意“警方正在调查这位著名科学家的谋杀案”，需要填入一个表示犯罪行为的单词，结合首字母提示“m”，可知填入“murder”。

二、语法填空阅读下面的短文，根据语法和上下文，用适当的单词填空。

In recent years, the number of people who travel by air has increased rapidly. The first airplanes 6. (carry) only one or two passengers, but now they 7. (be) able to carry hundreds of passengers. Air travel has become 8. (popular) than ever before, and the number of air travelers 9. (rise) steadily since the 1960s. The main reason for this increase in air travel is the development of technology, which has made flying 10. (safe) and more comfortable. Nowadays, people can travel to many places 11. (quick) than before, and air travel has become a common mode of transportation for both business and leisure.答案：6. carried7. are8. more popular9. has risen10. safer11. more quickly解析：6. 根据句意“第一架飞机只能载一两个乘客”，需要填入一个表示过去的动词，结合语境可知填入“carried”。

泉州职业技术大学《英语基础写作》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷院(系)_______ 班级_______ 学号_______ 姓名_______1、—Don’t make a special journey to pick up the laundry for me.—It’s OK. I ________ to the shop anyway.A．was going B．will have goneC．have gone D．will be going2、Pandas are _____ to the mountains of central China and only about 1,000 remain in the wild.A. native B．sensitive C．relate D．familiar3、If he ________ his teacher’s s uggestion, he would have won the English Speech Contest. A．had followed B．should followC．was to follow D．followed4、— The movie Lalaland is awesome. It’s really a pity that you didn’t make it.— Sorry, I ________. I was too busy then.A．didn’t B．didC．wouldn’t D．would5、Following the girl, we went into a hall; on __________ walls hung a few pictures of some famous scientists.A．its B．whichC．whose D．those6、The warmth of ____ coat will mostly be determined by ____ soft of cloth used.A．the; a B．a; the C．/; the D．a; a7、________ challenges in Chinas car-sharing economy, shared mobility still has a promising future.A．Despite B．BesidesC．Concerning D．Regarding8、Many people complained about the stones lying on a road, but _______ did anything about getting the stones out of the way.A．both B．no one C．none D．all9、Mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing ________ it can pursue politics, science, art and religion.A．until B．unlessC．before D．since10、_____ his homework in time, he had to stay up late into the night.A．Finishing B．Having finished C．To finish D．To have finished第二部分阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Unit 1一、Practicing the basics of narrationCheck the sentences that you think would make interesting topic sentences for a personal experience narrative. Explain why the others would not.1) Once I almost drowned.2) When Robert was fifteen, he made his first gift of true love to his father.3) A journey of one mile or 5,000 miles begins the same way: with a single step.4) When I was five, I discovered that learning was fun.5) The five-minute drive to the hospital seemed to have taken hours.6) He was driving home one evening, on a two-lane country road.7) Xiao Wang has proved once again that he is an incurable optimist.8) The day I got the letter of admission from BFSU (Beijing Foreign Studies University) was one of the happiest of my life.9) My family believed if something went wrong, it was always someone else’s fault.10) One of my most memorable experiences took place when I worked as a schoolteacher in a mountain village.Those that would make interesting topic sentences: 2, 4, 7, 8, and 10.1 would make a topic sentence, but only a dull one. 3, 5, 6 and 9 wouldmake good opening sentences of an essay, not necessarily a narrative, but none of them exemplifies what a narrative is about.二、Read the passages, decide whether they are good or poor personal narratives, and state your reasons.1. It was the last day of our stay in Nanjing. My parents were sitting in the waiting room of the railway station waiting for our train back to Beijing Asa restless five year old, I began wandering about and then found myself lost. I was getting worried when I saw a woman dressed like a policewoman. Immediately I headed toward her and told her I couldn't find my parents. She took me to the broadcasting station, and their announcement over the loudspeaker soon brought my parents.The passage is a narrative without a topic sentence. We don’t know what point the writer wants to make. We could improve the passage by adding a topic sentence such as “At the age of five I learned that in a tight corner we can turn to a policeman/policewoman for help.”2. Once I almost drowned in a swimming pool. I was 12 and was learning to swim. I began to paddle to the far side of the pool. But suddenly I couldn't move an inch and keep my head above the water and I began to drown. Just then my father came to my rescue.●The passage has two problems. First, the last sentence concludes thenarrative but does not lead to any insight the writer has gained through the incident. It has a topic sentence, but the narration is vague. Without sufficient details, the story is humdrum and bare. The following is an improved version:Once I almost drowned in a swimming pool. I was twelve and was learning to swim. I was learning fast, and soon, without knowing it, I began to paddle to the far side of the pool. But before I reached it, suddenly I couldn’t move or keep my head above water. I began to sink. Just then I felt a pair of strong hands pushing me up—my father had come to my rescue and pulled me out of the water. Once again, Dad got me out of a tight corner, as he has done so many times in my life.3. I finally arrived at the university after two and a half hours of riding. I found a new battle to fight running from one office to another, completing all kinds of forms and signing my name numerous times. I finished all that. I truly become a member of the university. I was tired out. It began to rain before I could rest my feet in my dorm!●The passage has two problems. First, it does not provide a topicsentence to direct the choice of the details (the long bus ride, the numerous forms to complete, the repeated name-signings and the unwelcome rain). In this version, they are not connected well. Wecan improve the passage by improving the transitions.The following is an improved version:When I finally arrived at the university after two and a half hours of riding on a bus, I found a new battle to fight—running from one office to another, completing all kinds of forms, and signing my name numerous times. Only when I had finished all that did I truly become a member of the university. By that time I was tired out. What’s more, it began to rain before I reached my dorm room and could finally rest! My first day at college was a nightmare!4. As soon as the winter holidays began, my best friend in high school and I fixed a date to meet. We hadn't seen each other for half a year and during this period we chiefly kept contact via WeChat. The moment we met, we hugged each other for a long time, completely unaware of the people around us. Neither of us said much, and we both enjoyed being with each other. We went to the shops to have a look at the things we were interested in. Then she treated me to lunch, using the first money she had earned playing the harp in her university orchestra. How time flew when we were together! Soon it was time to say goodbye. Perhaps it would be another six months before we could meet again. But I was not at all worried that we might become estranged from each other, for I knew that time would never separate us and thatwe would only cherish our friendship more as time went by.●This passage is well-organized: it has a beginning (the first twosentences) that provides the background for the reunion. Its middle part (the next seven sentences) describes the details of the reunion: what they did and how they felt. The passage winds up with the topic sentence. Also the sentences are neatly knitted together by appropriate connective expressions.三、Activity1 Practicing coordination & subordinationIdentity coordination and subordination and point out how coordination/subordination is achieved in each sentence.The following sentences are selected from Contemporary College English, Intensive Reading, Lesson One, Book Two.1) New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things. (Para. 2)●Subordination, expressed in an adverb clause of concession——“New as I was to the faculty.”2) I could have told him all this, but it was fairly obvious he wasn't going to be here long enough to matter. (Para. 3)●Coordination, by joining two clauses expressing equally importantideas with the coordinating conjunction but.3) Having finished the day’s work, what do you do with those other eight hours? (Para. 6)●Coordination, by joining two coordinating clauses with a comma plusand; Subordination within the first coordinating clause, by expressing the minor idea in are relative clause "(that) every man must respect."4) They involve skills every man must respect, and they can all bring you basic satisfactions. (Para. 5)●Subordination, by expressing the minor idea in a present participlephrase “having finished the day's work.”5) Fourteen years later I am still teaching, and I am here to tell you... (Para. 8)●Coordination, by connecting two coordinating clauses with a commaplus and.6) ... the business of the college is not only to train you, but to put you in touch with... (Para. 8)●Coordination, by connecting two infinitive phrases with a pair ofcorrelative conjunctions not only … but (also).7)…you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy, for the continuity of the fine arts, for that lesson of man's development…(Para. 9)●Coordination, by connecting four equally important for-prepositionalphrases with commas.8) I speak, I'm sure, for the faculty of the liberal arts college and for the faculties of the specialized schools as well… (Para. 14)●Coordination, by connecting two coordinating prepositional phraseswith and.9) ... university has no real existence and no real purpose… (Para. 14)●Coordination, by connecting two noun phrases "no real existence"and "no real purpose" with and.10)…it succeeds in putting you in touch, both as specialists and as humans, with those human minds... (Para. 14)●Coordination, by connecting two prepositional phrases "asspecialists" and "as humans" with a pair of correlative conjunction both ... and.四、Correct faulty coordination or subordination in the following sentences.1) I applied to Tsinghua University, and I was rejected.改：I applied to Tsinghua University, but I was rejected.2) The weather in March is cold and rainy, and sometimes it is warm andsunny.改：Though the weather in March is cold and rainy, sometimes it is warm and sunny.3) Grandpa often walks twenty minutes to my home and carries my favorite dishes in a basket.改：Grandpa often walks twenty minutes to my home, carrying my favorite dishes in a basket.4) Mr. Wang dropped the Qing vase and he broke it and the museum made him pay 2,000 yuan.改：Because Mr. Wang dropped the Qing vase, breaking it, the museum made him pay 2,000 yuan. (Or: The museum made Mr. Wang pay 2,000 yuan for the Qing vase he had dropped and broken.)5) He heard that the children were safe and sound, and he breathed a sigh of relief.改：He breathed a sigh of relief when he heard that the children were safe and sound.6) The exam was over, immediately the children rushed out of the classroom, and they laughed and shouted joyfully.改：As soon as/immediately the exam was over, the children rushed out of the classroom, laughing and shouting joyfully.7) My cousin phoned yesterday and he asked me how my first week of college had been.改：My cousin phoned yesterday, asking/to ask me how my first week of college had been.8) The search party was leaving, but they heard some noise in the pit. 改：The search party was leaving when they heard some noise in the pit.9) Those pears are grown in northern Hebei Province and the climate there is most suitable for them.改：Those pears grow beautifully in northern Hebei Province, where the climate is most suitable for them.10) My sister and I looked at each other, and we didn't say a word and then decided to give our parents a pleasant surprise.改：My sister and I looked at each other and, without saying a word, we decided to give our parents a pleasant surprise.unit2一、Recognize parallel constructions in the following sentences.1) What can we do but wait?●two infinitives: do and wait2) It is easier said than done.●two past participles: said and done3) In matters of principle, stand like a rock; in matters of taste, swim with the current.——Thomas Jefferson●two imperative clauses connected by a semicolon4) I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat.——Winston Churchill●four nouns: blood, toil, tears, and sweat5) Just to be alive and to be of service to somebody is a reward. ——Ann Cayee●two infinitive phrases: to be alive and to be of 'service to somebody6) A living dog is better than a dead lion.●two noun phrases: a living dog and a dead lion7) Crawling down a mountain is sometimes harder than climbing up.●twоgеrund рhrаѕеѕ: сrаwlіng dоwn аmоuntаіn аnd сlіmbіng up (аmоuntаіn)8) The personnel manager told the new secretary that she would answer the phone, attend to visitors and do some typing.●three verb phrases: answer the phone, attend to visitors and dosome typing.9) The soil is not difficult to till when there is a lot of rain, but in a bad year, it’s not only the ploughs that break but our hearts too.●two noun phrases joined by a pair of correlative conjunctions notonly... but10) The stranger told me he came from the south and that he was going to join his brother in northern Shanxi.two object clauses connected by and (Note: the second clause should be introduced by the conjunction that.)二、Correct faulty parallelisms in the following sentences.1) My cousin likes swimming, running and to play table tennis.改：My cousin likes swimming, running and playing table tennis.2) Chemistry used to be taught from a textbook; now the lab method is used.改：Chemistry used to be taught from a textbook; now it is taught in the lab.3) You can force a child to attend class but not think.改：You can force a child to attend class but not to think.4) Xiao Lin could not decide whether she should is start college right after high school or to get a job first.改：Xiao Lin could not decide whether to start college right after high school or to get a job first.5) The essay is difficult to understand not because of the technical vocabulary but because the sentence structures are complicated.改：The essay is difficult to understand not because the vocabulary istechnical but because the sentence structure is complicated.6) Either we must make nuclear power safe or stop using it altogether. 改：We must either make nuclear power safe or stop using it altogether. (or: Either we must make nuclear power safe or we must stop using it altogether.7) The day I left home was dark, cold and it rained.改：The day I left home was dark, cold, and rainy.8) In careless driving, the driver, not only risks the lives of his own passengers, but also the lives of others.改：A careless driver risks not only the lives of his own passengers, but also those of others.9) E-mail is not only fast and easy, but it also saves paper and the work of moving paper from one place to another.改：E-mail is not only fast and easy but also saves paper and the work of moving paper from one place to another. (or: Not only is e-mail fast and easy, but it also saves paper and the work of moving paper from one place to another.)10) He believes that giving is as much a joy as to receive.改：He believes that giving is as much a joy as receiving. (or: He believes that to give is as .much a joy as to receive.)unit3一、Practicing point of viewIdentify the point of view in the following passages and explain why it is suitable for the narrative.The following paragraphs are selected, from Contemporary College English, Intensive Reading.1) Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. It was January of 1940 and I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University of Kansas City. Part of the student body was a beanpole with hair on top, who came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if to say Right, teach me something." Two weeks later we started Hamlet. Three weeks later he came into my office with his hands on his hips. Look," he said, I came here to be a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this stuff?" And not having a book of his own to point to, he pointed to mine, which was lying on the desk. (Para.1, Lesson 1, Book 2)The first person point of view is used in the passage in which the narrator is a participant in the action described. This point of view allows the narrator to express his opinions and feelings about the student freely.2) She said, Thank you," and walked from the kitchen into the livingroom. A moment later he heard her turning the pages of a magazine. He knew that she was too angry to be actually reading it, but she didn't snap through the pages the way he would have done. She turned them slowly, as if she were studying every word. She was demonstrating her indifference to him, and it had the effect he knew she wanted it to have. It hurt him. (Para. 40, Lesson5, Book 2)●The writer tells the story in the limited third person point of view, inwhich an unknown narrator describes what happened and reports the man's thoughts and feelings.3) In the morning they awoke outside another Howard Johnson’s and this time Vingo went in. The girl insisted that he join them. He seemed very shy and ordered black coffee and smoked nervously, as the young people chattered about sleeping on beaches. When they got back on the bus, the girl sat with Vingo again. After a while, slowly and painfully, he began to tell his story. He had been in jail in New York for the last four years, and now he was going home. (Para. 5, Lesson 2, Book 1)●The story is narrated from an objective third person point of view.The narrator merely tells what he observes and does not go into the mind of anybody involved.二、For each of the following topics, discuss with your classmates whichpoint of view you will choose and state your reason(s).1) A chance of meeting with a favorite football star of yours●The first person point of view, for this point of view allows writers toeasily express their joy and excitement on such an occasion.2) A report of a road accident by a witness●The objective third person point of view, because witnesses aresupposed to report, faithfully and impartially, what they have seen without offering interpretation and commentary.3) A practical joke you and a few classmates played on another classmate●The first person point of view, which allows expression of attitudesand feelings, thus making the narrative personal and vivid.4) A small incident on campus that gave you a fresh insight into....●Both the first person and the limited third person points of view arepossible. The incident can be narrated by either a first person narrator who is an observer or a participant, or a third person narrator who goes into the mind of one or more people involved. 5) Something unpleasant that happened between two of your fellow students●Both the first person and the limited third person points of view canbe used for the same reasons as stated for the previous topic.三、Practicing writing effective sentencesRewrite the following sentences, making them more effective. Example:Original: There are several excellent examples in the essay. Rewritten: The essay includes several excellent examples.1) It has been my cousin's wish to become a detective story writer ever since her childhood.●My cousin has been wishing to become a detective story writer eversince her childhood.2) There are dozens of people waiting outside the manager's office to have an interview with him.●Dozens of people are waiting outside the manager’s office to havean interview with him.3) There are three reasons why Xiao Wang's composition won the first prize.●Xiao Wang’ s composition won the first prize for three reasons.4) There is finally a good play for the Drama Club to perform on campus.●They've found a good play for the Drama Club to perform oncampus.5) There aren't many grammar mistakes in the final draft of Jim's essay.●The writing teacher didn't find many grammar mistakes in the finaldraft of essay.6) To learn to ride a horse, the first thing I have to do is to be its friend.●To learn to ride a horse, first I have to make friends with it.7) When the pony was friendly, the problem was on my side. As soon as I was on its back, I was nervous.●When the pony accepted me, I still couldn't ride it all by myself, foras soon as I got on its back I became nervous.8) When I was a child, I was very particular about my food and only ate what was cooked by my grandma.●As a child, I was very particular about my food and only ate what mygrandma cooked.9) When the ball is caught by Steve, it was sure to be kicked or headed into the other team's goal nine times out of ten.●When Steve catches the ball, nine times out of ten, he will kick orhead it into the other team's goal.10) It is the hope of both his family and finds that Thomas would be a businessman in the future.●Both Thomas family and his friends hoped that he would go intobusiness.unit5一、Practicing narrative skillsPoint out, in each of the following passages, which narrative method——telling or showing- is chiefly used,Passage 1Shoes(Author Unknown)As Gandhi stepped aboard a train one day, one of his shoes slipped of and landed on the track. He was unable to retrieve it, as the train was moving. To the amazement of his companions, Gandhi calmly took off his other shoe and threw it back along the track to land close to the first, Asked by a fellow passenger why he did this, Gandhi smiled. "The poor man who finds the shoe lying on the track" he replied, "will now have a pair he can use." (88 words)The writer uses the method of showing to dramatize the scene.Passage 2Old PeopleLeAnn ThiemanAt e ninety-two, Grandma Fritz still lived in her old two-story farmhouse, made homemade noodles and did her laundry in her wringer-washer in the basement. She maintained her vegetable garden, big enough to feed all of Benton County, with just a hoe and spade. Herseventy-year-old children lovingly protested when she insisted on mowing her huge lawn with her ancient push mower."I only work outside in the cool, early mornings and in the evenings. Grandma explained, “and I always wear my sunbonnet”Still, her children were understandably relieved when they heard she was attending the noon lunches at the local senior citizens’center.“Yes,”Grandma admitted, as her daughter nodded approvingly, "I cook for them. Those old people appreciate it so much!"The writer uses both methods. She uses telling to provide information about Grandma Fritz, but showing to dramatize one instance to show how this 92- year- old woman helps other old people.Passage 3I’ll Get Another OneDavid WallechinskyAt his father’funeral, American Carl Lewis placed his one-hundred -meter gold medal from the 1984 Olympics in his father's hands. “Don’t worry,”he told his surprised mother. “I’ll get another one.”A year later, in the one- hundred-meter final at the 1988 games, Lewis was competing against Canadian world-record-holder Ben Johnson.Halfway through the race, Johnson was five feet in front. Lewis was convinced he could catch him. But at eighty meters, he was still five feet behind. It's over, Dad, Lewis thought. As Johnson crossed the finish, he stared back at Lewis and thrust his right arm in the air, index finger extended.Lewis was exasperated. He had noticed Johnson's bulging muscles and yellow-tinged eyes, both indications of steroid use. I didn't have the medal, but I could still give it to my father by acting with class and dignity," Lewis said later. He shook Johnson's hand and left the track.But then came the announcement that Johnson had tested positive for anabolic steroids. He was stripped of his medal. The gold went to Lewis, a replacement for the medal he had given his father.The writer basically uses the method of telling, summarizing what Lewis did at his father’s funeral and how he finally won the gold medal for the 100-meter race.二、Study the following passage and point out how the student succeeds in creating a scene of horror.Hair-Raising MomentsZhao TingThe very first day I came to Beijing Foreign Studies University, aformer schoolmate told me a ghost story about the Main Building. The creepy feeling it aroused still lingered a month later when I was told to attend a meeting at 9 p.m. in the building.Heading for the place in the dark, I kept looking back to see if I was being followed. But at that time of the day there was nobody there but myself. As I got close to the building, I saw light glowing through a few windows, but the hall was pitch dark. However, the moment I stepped in, the lights came on, as if by magic. My limbs felt numb, and it was some time before I regained my composure and realized that the lights were sound-controlled.I knew there was a mirror in the hall, but I dared not look into it, for fear of seeing the image of someone else, even scarier, for fear of finding myself alone in a mysterious place as in ghost stories. The thought made my hair stand on end. So I had to feel the handrails to make my way up to the second floor, clapping from time to time to keep the lights on. Not knowing where the meeting room was, I turned left instinctively. At the far end of the corridor in a dimly lit, half open room, I found two figures moving about soundlessly, as if dancing. But I was too frightened to give them a second look. So I asked loudly, Excuse me, but is this the meeting place for...? The next door opened instantly, revealing a friendly face. I, in return, forced a smile.But since then I have never dared to enter the building again atnight.The student describes a chain of events that lead to her growing fright: a ghost story she had heard a month earlier ——her apprehension on her way to the building——her fear when the lights in the hall came on by themselves——her fear of both finding someone else there and finding herself alone in the mirror——her effort to keep the lights on as she climbed the stairs——her fright when she saw two figures in a dimly lit room——the final result: her lingering fear (she has never dared to enter the building again at night). She also uses a lot of action verbs to create the scene.。