2009年6月20日大学英语四级(cet-4)真题试卷a卷

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2009年6⽉⼤学英语四级（CET4）真题UNIT 4 BODY LANGUANGEREADINGCOMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?教材分析1. 教学内容分析：本节课是以机场迎接客⼈为场景，讲述了⼏个不同国家的来宾由于⽂化背景的差异，初次见⾯时互相问候的⽅式迥然相异⽽造成的⼀些⼩误会。

形象地表明了⾝势语与⽂化背景的密切关系，以及⾝势语在⼈们⽇常交际中的重要作⽤。

这部分的写作⽅式颇有特⾊，可以让学⽣在阅读过程中，很⾃然地以“我”的⾝份去观察、倾听在机场发⽣的⼀切。

2. 本课教学⽬标：帮助学⽣了解不同⽂化背景的⼈们,对⾝体语⾔有不同的理解.通过帮助学⽣完成快速阅读、精读等练习来进⼀步理解⽂章的细节，提⾼学⽣的阅读能⼒。

3. 本课重点：本课是阅读课, 重点培养学⽣的阅读能⼒，是本单元中的重点。

通过本⽂的学习，掌握语⾔知识点。

4. 本课难点：培养学⽣快速阅读和细读等阅读能⼒。

教学⽅法引⼊---从感官上了解什么是肢体语⾔快速阅读---获得⽂章的⼤意精读---深层理解⽂章总结---对⽂章的整体把握教学程序Step I. 引⼊请同学们观看⼀些图⽚了解肢体语⾔的种类。

通过这些活动引起学⽣对⾝势语探究的兴趣，增进对语⾔交际的感性认识，为他们在阅读过程中上升到对语⾔交际的理性认识打下基础。

1.展⽰图⽚，使学⽣初步理解什么是⾝势语及其种类。

2.⽼师提问让学⽣回答，引⼊本节课的主题：What is the purpose of language?If you talk to someone who cann’t speak,how do you communicate with him/her?Do you think people from different countries have the same body language?Step II. 快速阅读请同学们快速阅读⽂章，完成⼀下两个练习。

2009年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Part III Listening Comprehension (35 Minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said .Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once .After each question there will be a pause . During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) She expected more people at her party.B) She enjoys entertaining small children.C) She threw a surprise party for her friendD) She has always enjoyed great popularity.12. A) They are not used to living in a cold place.B) They feel lucky to live in Florida.C) They are going to have a holiday.D) They have not booked their air tickets yet.13. A) He was pleased to get the medal. C) He used to be a firefighter.B) He was very courageous. D) He was accused of causing a fire.14. A) Make a profitable investment. C) Get parts for the machine from Japan.B) Buy a new washing machine D) Have the old washing machine fixed.15. A) He is pleased with his exciting new job.B) He finds the huge workload unbearable.C) He finds his office much too big for him.D) He is not so excited about his new position.16. A) The woman is going to hold a big party tomorrow.B) The man has no idea what the right thing to do is.C) The woman doesn’t know how to get to the party.D) The man offers to drive the woman to the party.17. A) Drawing up a business plan. C) Finalizing a contract.B) Discussing a term paper. D) Reviewing a co-authored article.18. A) She ordered some paper. C) She chatted online with a friendB) She had the printer repaired. D) She filled in an application formQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) His health is getting worse. C) His past life upsets him a good deal.B) He can no longer work at sea. D) He has not got the expected pension.20. A) She passed away years ago. C) She has been working at a clinic.B) She used to work as a model. D) She has been seriously ill for years.21. A) She has made lots of money as a doctor.B) She is going to take care of her old dad.C) She has never got on with her father.D) She is kind and generous by nature.22. A) He dines out with his wife every weekend.B) He is excellent but looks had-tempered.C) He does not care about his appearance.D) He is not quite popular with his patients.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) The man has sent the order to the woman by mistakeB) Some of the telephone systems don’t work properlyC) Some of the packs do not contain any manuals.D) The quality of the goods is not up to the standard.24. A) Send a service engineer to do the repairs.B) Consult her boss about the best solution.C) Pass the man’s order to the right person.D) The quality of the goods is not up to the standard.25. A) Ideal. C) PartialB) Temporary D) CreativeSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages .At the end of each passage .You will hear some questions. Boss the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) It is entertaining. C) It takes lots of time.B) It is a costly hobby. D) It requires training.27. A) They can harm nearby plants. C) They fight each other for food.B) They may catch some disease. D) They may pollute the environment.28. A) Place the food on warmer spots. C) Avoid using any contaminated food.B) Use prepared feed mixtures only. D) Continue the feeding till it gets warm. Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) He will betray even his best friends.B) He is able to make up good excuses.C) He will lie whenever he wants.D) He tries to achieve his goal at any cost30. A) She made him apologize C) She broke up with him.B) She readily forgave him D) She refused to answer his calls.31. A) Buy her a new set of tires. C) Lend her his batteries.B) Help clean her apartment. D) Move furniture for her.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) The atmosphere they live in is rather unreal.B) Their parents put too much pressure on them.C) It’s hard for them to get along with other kids.D) They have to live in the shadow of their parents.33. A) He always boasts about his rich father.B) He will grow up to be good for nothing.C) He has too much to know the value of things.D) He is too young to manage his inherited property.34. A) She wants Amanda to get professional care.B) She has no experience in raising children.C) She wants to show off her wealth.D) She has no time to do it herself.35. A) The lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies.B) The worship of money, beauty and pleasure.C) The attention the media focuses on them.D) The pursuing of perfection in performance.Section CDirections : In this section , you will hear a passage three times .When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea . When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in theblanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written . Around 120 years ago, Ebbinghaus began his study of memory. He(36) .on studying how quickly the human mind can remember (37) . One result of his research is known as the total time hypothesis(假设), which simply means the amount you learn (38) on the time you spend trying to learn it . This can be taken as our first rule of learning.Although it is usually true that studying for four hours is better than studying for one, there is still the question of how we should use the four hours. For example, is it better to study for four hours (39) or to study for one hour a day for four days in a (40) ?. The answer, as you may have (41) , is that it is better to spread out the study times. This (42) , through which we can learn more (43) .by dividing our practice time, is known as the distribution of practice effect. Thus, (44).But we’re not finished yet. We haven’t considered how we should study over very short periods of time. (45).Should you look at the same word in rapid succession, or look at the word and then have some delay before you look at it again ?(46)==========Short Conversations11. W: There were more than a hundred people at Kate's birthday party. How come she's got so many friends?M: It's really no surprise. You know she was popular even when she was a child Q: What does the man imply about Kate?12. M: They say there'll be a snow-storm tonight, and the cold weather will last quite a few days.W: Oh! We're so lucky, we'll be getting away for a while, and having a holiday in Florida. But let's call right now to confirm our flight.Q: What do we learn about the two speakers?13. W: Tony was awarded a medal for rescuing several families from the forest fire.M: I really admire his courage.Q: What do we learn about Tony from the conversation?14. M: My washing machine is more than fifteen years old and it has worked just fine until last night.W: You’ll never be able to get parts for it, even from Japan. So it might be time to invest a more recent model.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?15. W: I heard about your promotion, you must be thrilled.M: Not really, the new office is huge, but the word load has doubled.Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?16. W: I can’t decide what to do about the party tomorrow.M: You don’t have to go if you don’t want to, but I’ll be glad to give you a ride if you do.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?17. M: Now if you have any questions about the contract. I’ll be happy to answer them.W: Nothing comes to mind right now, but I’d like to go over all the articles of the contract once more before signing it.Q: What are the speakers doing right now?18. M: We are out of paper for the printer. Can you please order some?W: I completed the order form online yesterday and it will be here by noon. I’ll let you know when it comes in.Q: What did the woman do?Long ConversationConversation OneW: Bob, do you know who I saw the other day? Old Jake, looking terribly depressed. Did he get pensioned off at last?M: Yes. They made him retire after 50 years at sea. He is pretty upset about it, but what can you do? He really is pasted.W: He is all alone, isn’t he?M: Yes, his wife has been dead for years. They had one daughter, Dories. But she went off to town as soon as she left school. And he hasn’t heard from her since. I hear she is making good money as a model.W: Maybe someone could get in touch with her. Get her to come back for a while to help?M: I don’t suppose she come. She never got on with her father. He is bit of a tough character and she is rather selfish. Oh, I expect old Jake will get by. He is healthy at least, comes into a clinic for a check regularly.W: Are you his doctor?M: No, my partner doctor Johnson is.W: That bad-tempered old thing?M: Oh, he isn’t bad-tempered. He just looks it. He is an excellent doctor, taught me a lot, and he has a very nice family. His wife invites me over there to supper every week. Very pleasant.W: yes. I teach their daughter Pen at school. She is a bit careless and lazy about her school work, but a bright little thing and very popular with her age group. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you’ve just heard.19. Why does old Jake look terribly depressed?20. What do we learn about Jake’s wife?21. What does the man say about Jake’s daughter?22. What does the man say about Ja ke’s doctor?Conversation TwoW: Hello, Mr. Summerfield. How are you today?M: Very well. Thank you, Ms. Green.W: What can I do for you?M: Well, unfortunately, there is a problem with the order we received from you yesterday. It seems we haven’t seen the right quantity of manuals to support the telephone system.W: Oh, dear, that’s bad news. I’m very sorry to hear that, and you don’t know how many packs are without manuals?M: No, because we haven’t opened every pack. But in several of those that have been opened there are none, no manuals.W: I’m very sorry about this inconvenience, Mr. Summerfield. We’ll send out the manuals this afternoon by express mail entirely at our cost, and the manuals should arrive tomorrow or the day after at the latest.M: All of them, right?W: Yes. It maybe that some have them already, but we cannot be sure. So the best thing is to send out the manual for every pack.M: Yes. Yes, I see. That would be great.W: Please accept our apologies for this mix-up. I assure you we will do everything possible to find out why the mistake happenedM: Right. Thanks for your swift action.W: Not at all. Thank you and goodbye for now. Do call if there is anything else. M: All right. Thank you. Goodbye, Ms Green.W: Goodbye.Questions 23 to 25 a re based on the conversation you’ve just heard.23. What problems are the speakers discussing?24. What does the woman promise to do?25. What does the man think of the solution?PassagePassage 1Attracting and feeding wild birds are entertaining activities that have long been enjoyed by people all over the world. Feeding birds has become so popular that prepared feed mixtures are readily available. We feed birds for many reasons. Many pleasant hours can come from watching birds. A hobby often develops into a serious study of their habits. Accurate identification of birds is usually the first goal. But observations that an amateur bird-watcher can make are really limitless. There is, however, responsibility associated with bird feeding, including a disease hazard. Attracting numbers of birds continually to the same spot can be harmful to them, particularly species that pick food from the ground contaminated by the droppings of other birds. In winter feeding efforts are most satisfying to people and are of greatest benefit to birds. During this time whenfewer natural foods are available and air temperatures are lower, extra feeding can keep a bird warm and well. Once begun, feeding should never stop during these lean months. If you start a local increase of birds, be prepared to do what may be required to eliminate hazards to those you want to befriend. A constant supply of food should be given until the cold is over and spring has come. If feeding is stopped during severe weather, birds used to relying upon the feeders must starve.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you’ve just heard.Q26 What does the speaker say about bird watching?Q27 What does the speaker say about birds fed continually on the same spot? Q28 What does the speaker suggest we do in feeding birds in winter? Passage 2My friend Leo makes up weak and poor excuses whenever there is something he doesn’t want to do. Just two weeks ago, he was at my house when he decided he didn’t want to go into work. He called his boss and said he had to get a new set of tires put on his truck. Then he sat down and watched TV with me. Not only had he lied but his excuse wasn’t a very convincing one. Another time, he cancelled a date with his girlfriend at the last minute telling her he had to get a new battery for his truck. She was angry and refused to go out with him again until he apologized. Last weekend, Leo offered the poorest excuse yet. He’d promised he’d help me move some furniture, from my parents’ house to my new apartment. He was supposed to br ing his truck over about 8 o’clock Saturday morning. I waited, and then called and left a message on his machine. About 11:30, he called and said he was sorry but he’d been getting a new set of tires put on his truck. I guess he’d forgotten he used the sam e excuse when he called his boss from my house. I think I need a new set of friends. I’m beginning to get tired of Leo’s excuses.Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you’ve just heard.Q29 What does the speaker tell us about her friend Leo?Q30 What did his girlfriend do when Leo canceled a date with her at the last minute?Q31 What favor did the speaker ask Leo to do last weekend?Passage 3In Hollywood, everybody wants to be rich, famous and beautiful. Nobody wants to be old, unknown and poor. For Hollywood kids, life can be difficult because they grow up such an unreal atmosphere. Their parents are ambitious and the children are part of the parents’ ambitions. Parents pay for wasteful grandparties, expensive cars and designer clothes. When every dream can come true, kids don’t learn the value of anything because they have everything. A thirteen-year-old boy, Trent Maguire, has a driver, credit cards and unlimited cash to do what he wants when he wants to. “One day, I’ll earn more than my dad!” he boasts. Parents buy care and attention for their children because they have no time to give it themselves. Amender’s mother employs a personal trainer, a bodyguard, a singing coach and a councilor to look after all her fifteen-year-old daughter’s needs. Of ten, there is no parent at home most days, so children decide whether to make their own meals or go out to restaurants, when to watch television or do homework. They organize their social life. They play no childhood games. They become adults before they’r e ready. Hollywood has always been the city of dreams. The kids there live unreal lives where money, beauty and pleasure are the only gods. Will children around the world soon start to think the same? Or do they already?Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you’ve just heard.Q32 Why is life said to be difficult for Hollywood kids?Q33 What does the speaker say about Trent Maguire, a thirteen-year-old boy? Q34 Why does Amender’s mother employ other people to look after her needs? Q35 What will probably have negative effects on the lives of Hollywood kids? Compound DictationAround 120 years ago, Ebbinghaus began his study of memory. He concentrated on studying how quickly the human mind can remember information. One result of his research is known as the total time hypothesis, which simply mean the amount you learn depends on the time you spend trying to learn it. This can be taken as our first rule of learning. Although it is usually true that studying for 4 hours is better than studying for 1, there is still the question of how to use the 4 hours. For example, is it better to study for 4 hours straight or to study for 1 hour a day for 4 days in a row? The answer, as you may have suspected, is that it is better to spread out the study times. This phenomenon through which we can learn more efficiently by dividing our practice time is known as the distribution of practice effect. Thus, our second rule of learning is this. It’s better to study fairly briefly but often. But we are not finished yet. We haven’t considered how we should study over very short periods of time. Let’s say you are trying to learn some new and rather difficult English vocabulary using a stack of cards. Should you look at the same word in rapid succession or look at the word and then have some delay before you lookat it again? The answer is it is better to space up the presentations of the word you are to learn.。

历年大学英语四级试卷大学英语四级考试（CET-4，即College English Test Band 4）是中国大陆高校对非英语专业学生进行的英语能力测试。

该考试通常每年举行两次，分别在6月和12月。

以下是对历年大学英语四级试卷的一些分析和回顾。

一、2019年6月大学英语四级试卷分析2019年6月的大学英语四级考试覆盖了广泛的主题和题型，包括听力理解、阅读理解、翻译和写作等。

听力部分涵盖了科技、教育、文化等多个领域，阅读理解则主要考察学生的词汇和语法能力。

翻译部分主要涉及中国文化和历史，而写作部分则要求学生就某一社会现象发表看法。

总体来说，这次考试的难度适中，但对学生的词汇和语法能力要求较高。

二、2018年12月大学英语四级试卷回顾2018年12月的大学英语四级试卷在题型和难度上与前几次考试基本一致。

听力部分包括了日常对话和新闻报道，阅读理解部分涵盖了社会、科技和历史等多个领域。

翻译部分要求学生将中文段落翻译成英文，涉及中国的传统文化和旅游等方面。

写作部分则要求学生就某一社会事件进行评论。

总体来说，这次考试难度适中，但对学生的词汇和语法能力要求较高。

三、2017年6月大学英语四级试卷点评2017年6月的大学英语四级试卷整体难度适中，涵盖了多个领域的知识点。

听力部分包括了日常生活对话和新闻报道，阅读理解部分涉及了社会、科技和文化等多个领域。

翻译部分要求学生将中文段落翻译成英文，涉及中国的传统文化和旅游等方面。

写作部分则要求学生就某一社会事件进行评论。

总体来说，这次考试对学生的词汇和语法能力要求较高。

四、总结从历年的大学英语四级试卷可以看出，该考试主要考察学生的英语听、说、读、写能力，以及对英语文化和社会背景的了解。

试卷也注重考察学生的词汇和语法能力，以及他们的思辨能力和表达能力。

因此，学生们在备考过程中应该注重提高这些方面的能力，以应对不同类型的题目。

历年大学英语四级真题试卷及参考答案一、引言大学英语四级考试是面向全国大学生的一项标准化考试，它不仅测试了考生的英语语言基础知识，还考察了他们的语言应用能力。

洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌Part III V ocabulary (20 minutes)1A word processor is much better than a typewriter in that it enables you to enter and ________ your text more easily.A. registerB. editC. proposeD. discharge纠错标记2We don’t know why so many people in that region like to wear dresses of such ________ colors.A. lowB. humbleC. mildD. dull纠错标记3The news has just ________ that the president is going to visit China next month.A. come downB. come upC. come outD. come about纠错标记4The ________ that exists among nations could certainly be lessened if misunderstanding and mistrust were removed.A. tensionB. strainC. stressD. intensity纠错标记5The other day, Mum and I went to St. James’s Hospital, and they did lots and lots of tests on me, most of them ________ and frightening.A. cheerfulB. horribleC. hostileD. friendly纠错标记6In the Mediterranean seaweed is so abundant and so easily harvested that it is never of great ________.A. fareB. paymentC. worthD. expense纠错标记7The writer was so ________ in her work that she didn’t notice him enter the room.A. absorbedB. abandonedC. focusedD. centered纠错标记8Actually, information technology can ________ the gap between the poor and the rich.A. linkB. breakC. allyD. bridge纠错标记9Some research workers completely ________ all those facts as though they never existed.A. ignoreB. leaveC. refuseD. miss纠错标记10Computer power now allows automatic searches of fingerprint files to match a print at a crime ________.A. stageB. sceneC. locationD. occasion纠错标记11The most basic reason why dialects should be preserved is that language helps to ________ a culture.A. retainB. relateC. remarkD. review纠错标记12Companies are struggling to find the right ________ between supply and demand, but it is no easy task.A. equationB. formulaC. balanceD. pattern纠错标记13Mass advertising helped to ________ the emphasis from the production of goods to their consumption.A. varyB. shiftC. layD. moderate纠错标记14Because of his excellent administration, people lived in peace and ________ and all previously neglected matters were taken care of.A. convictionB. contestC. consentD. content纠错标记15I know you’ve got a smooth tongue, so don’t talk me ________ buying it.A. awayB. downC. outD. into纠错标记16Showing some sense of humor can be a（n）________ way to deal with some stressful situation.A. effectiveB. efficientC. favorableD. favorite纠错标记17The situation described in the report ________ terrible, but it may not happen.A. inclinesB. maintainsC. soundsD. remains纠错标记18The company is trying every means to ________ the wholesale price of its products.A. pull downB. put downC. set downD. bring down纠错标记19The mayor ________ the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in rescuing the earthquake victims.A. rewardedB. awardedC. creditedD. prized纠错标记20The native Canadians lived in ________ with nature, for they respected nature as a provider of life.A. coordinationB. acquaintanceC. contactD. harmony纠错标记21Many people are asking whether traditional research universities in fact have any future ________.A. at allB. so farC. in allD. on end纠错标记22I was impressed ________ the efficiency of the work done in the company.A. inB. aboutC. withD. for纠错标记23Now in Britain, wines take up four times as much ________ in the storehouse as both beer and spirits.A. blockB. landC. patchD. space纠错标记24His hand shook a little as he ________ the key in the lock.A. squeezedB. insertedC. stuffedD. pierced纠错标记25For professional athletes, ________ to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history books.A. accessB. attachmentC. appealD. approach纠错标记26In the long ________, the new information technologies may fundamentally alter our way of life.A. viewB. distanceC. jumpD. run纠错标记27All the arrangements should be completed ________ your departure.A. prior toB. superior toC. contrary toD. parallel to纠错标记28We need to create education standards that prepare our next generation who will be ________ with an even more competitive market.A. tackledB. encounteredC. dealtD. confronted纠错标记29In the late seventies, the amount of fixed assets required to produce one vehicle in Japan was ________ equivalent to that in the United States.A. rudelyB. roughlyC. readilyD. coarsely纠错标记30Many people believe we are heading for environmental disaster ________ weradically change way we live.A. butB. althoughC. unlessD. lest纠错标记Part IV Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)3131-38We commonly think of sportsmanship in connection with athletic contests, but it also applies to individual outdoor sports. Not everyone who picks up a fishing rod or goes out with a gun is a sportsman. The sportsman first of all obeys the fish and game laws, not because he is liable to be punished as a violator, but because he knows that in the main these laws are made for his best interests.The following are some of the things that those who would qualify for membership in the sportsmanship fraternity （圈内人）will do.1. Take no more game than the bag limit provided for by the fish and game laws. The person who comes back from a trip boasting about the large number of fish or game taken is not a sportsman but a game hog （贪得无厌的捕猎者）.2. Observe the unwritten rules of fair play. This means shooting game birds only when the birds are “on the wing”. For the same reason, do not use a shotgun to shoot a rabbit or similar animal while it is sitting or standing still.3. Be careful in removing illegal or undersized fish from the hook. This should be done only after wetting the hands. This is necessary because the body of the fish is covered with a thin, protective film which will stick to your dry hands. If the hands are dry when the fish is handled, the film is torn from the body of the fish. Without the protective film, the fish is more easily attacked by diseases. If you wish to release a fish that is hooked in such a way that it will be impossible to be close to the hook as convenient. In a remarkably short time, the hook will break down and the fish will remain almost unharmed. Fish have been known to feed successfully while hooks were still in their lips.4. Be sure of the identity of your target before you shoot. Many useful and harmless species of wildlife are thoughtlessly killed by the uninformed person who is out with a gun to kill whatever flies within range.In what respect does the author think individual outdoor sports are similar to athletic contests?填写我的答案插入图片请输入答案纠错标记32A person who goes out fishing with a fishing rod or hunting with a gun is not necessarily ________.填写我的答案插入图片请输入答案纠错标记33What’s the most important thing a true sportsman should bear in mind when he goes fishing or hunting ________.填写我的答案插入图片请输入答案纠错标记34 Those who violate the fish and game laws will not be ________ for membership in the sportsmanship fraternity.填写我的答案插入图片请输入答案纠错标记35 What are people called when they break the bag limit and boast about their big catch?填写我的答案插入图片请输入答案纠错标记36A true sportsman will not shoot an animal which is not ________.填写我的答案插入图片请输入答案纠错标记37What are people advised to do before they remove illegal or undersized fish from the hook?填写我的答案插入图片请输入答案纠错标记38What should sportsman do to avoid killing rare species of wildlife?填写我的答案插入图片请输入答案纠错标记Part II Reading Comprehension3939-43Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge （保护区）（ANWR）to help secure America’s energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oil would help ease California’s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall （意外之财）in tax revenues, royalties （开采权使用费）and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. “We’ve never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice.”says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.Not so far, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR’s impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State’s electricity output —and just 3% of the nation’s.What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR?A. It will exhaust the nation’s oil reserveB. It will help secure the future of ANWC. It will help reduce the nation’s oil importD. It will increase America’s energy consumptio纠错标记40We learn from the second paragraph that the American oil industry ________.A. believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yieldsB. tends to exaggerate America’s reliance on foreign oilC. shows little interest in tapping oil in ANWRD. expects to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia纠错标记41Those against oil drilling in ANWR argue that ________.A. it can cause serious damage to the environmentB. it can do little to solve energy problemsC. it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan regionD. it will not have much commercial value纠错标记42What do the environmentalists mean by saying “Not so fast”（Line 1, Para. 3）?A. Oil exploitation takes a long timeB. The oil drilling should be delayedC. Don’t be too optimisticD. Don’t expect fast returns纠错标记43It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWR’s frozen earth ________.A. remains a controversial issueB. is expected to get under way soonC. involves a lot of technological problemsD. will enable the to be oil independent纠错标记4444-48“Tear ‘em apart!”“Kill the fool!”“Murder the referee （裁判）!”These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let’s not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. V olumes have been written about the way words affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations （含义）may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent”as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.The dictionary meaning of the term “opponent “is “adversary “: “enemy “; “one who opposes your interests.”“Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may dominate one’s intellect, and every action, no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not considered then wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed. “Are they wet enough now?”In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated （提升）the game to the level where it belongs thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term “opponent”with “associate”could be an ideal way to start.The dictionary meaning of the term “associate”is “colleague”; “friend”; “companion.”Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the differencein your reaction to the term “associate”rather than “opponent.”Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?A. Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequenceB. The words people use can influence their behavioC. Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athleteD. Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports fiel纠错标记45Harsh words are spoken during games because the players ________.A. are too eager to winB. are usually short-tempered and easily offendedC. cannot afford to be polite in fierce competitionD. treat their rivals as enemies纠错标记46What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?A. He refused to continue the gamB. He angrily hit the referee with a balC. He claimed that the referee was unfaiD. He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shir纠错标记47According to the passage, players, in a game, may ________.A. deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their wayB. keep on screaming and shouting throughout the gameC. lie down on the ground as an act of protestD. kick the ball across the court with force纠错标记48The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by ________.A. calling on players to use clean language on the courtB. raising the referee’s sense of responsibilityC. changing the attitude of players on the sports fieldD. regulating the relationship between players and referees纠错标记4949-53Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge （大杂烩）of environmental claims made by household products, according to a “green labeling”study published by Consumers International Friday.Among the report’s more outrageous （令人无法容忍的）findings-a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendly”a brand of flour said it was “non-polluting”and a British toilet paper claimed to be “environmentally friendlier”The study was written and researched by Britain’s National Consumer Council （NCC．for lobby group Consumer International. It was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.“While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,”said Consumers International director Anna Fielder.The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain, Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average.The report focused on claims made by specific products, such as detergent （洗涤剂）insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization （ISO）in September, 1999.Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.“Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seem environmentally friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing,”said report researcher Philip Page.“Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household cleaners were second with 145 separate claims, while paints were third on our list with 73. The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading.”he said.The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly”and “non-polluting”cannot be verified. “What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO.”said Page.According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that ________.A. all the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standardsB. the claims made by products are often unclear or deceivingC. consumers would believe many of the manufactures’claimD. few products actually prove to be environment friendly纠错标记50As indicated in this passage, with so many good claims, the consumers ________.A. are becoming more cautious about the products they are going to buyB. are still not willing to pay more for products with green labelingC. are becoming more aware of the effects different products have on the environmentD. still do not know the exact impact of different products on the environment纠错标记51A study was carried out by Britain’s NCC to ________.A. find out how many claims made by products fail to meet environmental standardsB. inform the consumers of the environmental impact of the products they buyC. examine claims made by products against ISO standardsD. revise the guidelines set by the International Standards Organization纠错标记52What is one of the consequences caused by the many claims of household products?A. They are likely to lead to serious environmental problemB. Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the falsC. They could arouse widespread anger among consumeD. Consumers will be tempted to buy products they don’t nee纠错标记53It can be inferred from the passage that the lobby group Consumer International wants to ________.A. make product labeling satisfy ISO requirementsB. see all household products meet environmental standardsC. warn consumers of the danger of so-called green productsD. verify the efforts of non-polluting products纠错标记5454-58Two hours from the tall buildings of Manhattan and Philadelphia live some of the world’s largest black bears. They are in northern Pennsylvania’s Pocono Mountains, a home they share with an abundance of other wildlife.The streams, lakes, meadows （草地）, mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for black bears have also attracted more people to the region. Open spaces are threatened by plans for housing estates and important habitats （栖息地）are endangered by highway construction. To protect the Poconos natural beauty from irresponsible development, the Nature Conservancy （大自然保护协会）named the area one of America’s “Last Great Places”.Operating out of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of Long Pond, Pennsylvania, the conservancy’s bud Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental protection. By forging partnerships with people like Francis Altemose, the Conservancy has been able to protect more than 14,000 acres of environmentally important land in the area.Altemose’s family has farmed in the Pocono area for generations. Two years ago Francis worked with the Conservancy to include his farm in a county farmland protection program. As a result, his family’s land can be protected from development and the Altemoses will be better able to provide a secure financial future for their 7-year-old grandson.Cook attributes the Conservancy’s success in the Poconos to having a local presence and a commitment to working with local residents“The key to protecting these remarkable lands is connecting with the local community,”Cook said. “The people who live there respect the land. They value quiet forests, clear streams and abundant wildlife. They are eager to help with conservation effort.For more information on how you can help the Nature Conservancy protect the Poconos and the world’s other “Last Great Places,”please call 1-888-564 6864 or visit us on the World Wide Web at .The purpose in naming the Poconos as one of America’s “Last Great Places”is to ________.A. gain support from the local communityB. protect it from irresponsible developmentC. make it a better home for black bearsD. provide financial security for future generations纠错标记55We learn from the passage that ________.A. the population in the Pocono area is growingB. wildlife in the Pocono area is dying out rapidlyC. the security of the Pocono residents is being threatened在线学英语体验请申请：/wenkxd.htmD. farmlands in the Pocono area are shrinking fast纠错标记56What is important in protecting the Poconos according to Cook?A. The setting up of an environmental protection websiteB. Support from organizations like The Nature ConservancyC. Cooperation with the local residents and business leadersD. Inclusion of farmlands in the region’s protection program纠错标记57What does Bud Cook mean by “having a local presence”（Line 1, Para. 5）?A. Financial contributions from local business leadersB. Consideration of the interests of the local residentsC. The establishment of a wildlife protection foundation in the areaD. The setting up of a local Nature Conservancy branch in the Pocono area纠错标记58The passage most probably is ________.A. an official documentB. a news storyC. an advertisementD. a research report“成千上万人疯狂下载。

2009年6月大学英语四级考试真题Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of FreeAdmission to Museums. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1. 越来越多的博物馆免费开放，目的是什么2. 也会带来一些问题3. 你的看法Free Admission to Museums__________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1–7, choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8–10, complete the sentences with the informationgiven in the passage.How Do You See Diversity?As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with hercompany. During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. Shewas puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he neverlooked her in the eye said ―untrustworthy,‖ so she decided to offer the job to her second choice.―It wasn‘t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was theperfect person,‖ Tiffany confesses. What she hadn‘t known at the time of the interview was thatbehavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding. He was anthe candidate‘s―different‖　Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(避开) your eyes.―I was just thrown off by the lack of eye contact; not realizing it was cultural,‖ Tiffany missed out, but will not miss that opportunity again.‖Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the worldbecomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand ourunderstanding of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions.Hire AdvantageAt a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult, employers who can eliminateinvalid biases (偏见) from the process have a distinct advantage. My company, Mindsets LLC,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots. A real estate recruiter we workedwith illustrates the positive difference such training can make.―During m y Mindsets coaching session, I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. Irecruited people from different cultures and skill sets. The agents were able to utilize their fullpotential and experiences to build up the company. When the real estate market began to change, itwas because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market muchlonger than others in the same profession.‖Blinded by GenderDale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverseworkforce. ―Through one of the sessions, I discovered my personal bias,‖ he recalls. ―Ihad not been looking at a person as a whole person, and being open to differences.‖ In his c the blindness was not about culture but rather gender.―I had a management position open in my department; and the two finalists were a man and awoman. Had I not attended this workshop, I would have automatically assumed the man was thebest candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel. My reasoning wouldhave been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in theposition, I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel.Dale‘s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limitsan organization‘s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce.―I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation, I needed topresent the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow themto make an informed decision.‖ Dale credits the workshop, ―because it helped me make decisions based on fairness.‖Year of the Know-It-AllDoug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops. He recalls a major lesson learnedfrom his own employee.―One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in arequest to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year. In my ignorance, I assumed he had hisdates wrong, as the first of January had just passed. When I advised him of this, I gave him a longtalking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates.―He patiently waited, then when I was done, he said he would like Chinese New Year off, not theWestern New Year. He explained politely that in his culture the new year did not begin Januaryfirst, and that Chinese New Year, which is tied to the lunar cycle, is one of the most celebratedholidays on the Chinese calendar. Needless to say, I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had hisdates mixed up. But I learned a great deal about assumptions, and that the timing of holidaysvaries considerably from culture to culture.―Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I could learn by simply askingquestions and creating dialogues with my employees, rather than making assumptions and tryingto be a know-it-all,‖ Doug admits. ―The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learninghow to be more ?inclusive‘ to differences.‖A Better Bottom LineAn open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally, it is profitable as well.These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude canglish as a second language. One of the best thingsimprove sales. ―Most of my customers speak Enmy company has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone.It wasn‘t until my boss received Mindsets‘ training that she was able to understand how important inclusi veness was to customer service. As a result, our customer base has increased.‖Once we start to see people as individuals, and discard the stereotypes, we can move positivelytoward inclusiveness for everyone. Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of ourdifferences and similarities. It is about building better communities and organizations that enhanceus as individuals and reinforce our shared humanity.When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned fromour past, from the media, peers, family, friends, etc., we begin to realize that some of ourconclusions are flawed (有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values. We need to train。

大学英语四级历年真题与范文(1991-2007)1999.1 真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic. Don't Be Afraid to Say“No”. Y ou should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.别人请求帮助时,在什么情况下我们会说“不”2.为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不”3.该说“不”时,不说“不”的坏处[范文]Don't Be Afraid to Say “No”Sometimes we have to say “No” to others when they ask us for help. Why? One situation may be that we are not capable of doing the things they ask us to do. The other situation may be that we are unwilling to do what they ask us to do, because their requests may be unreasonable or even illegal. On both occasions we should say directly to them: “No”.But the case is not always the same in our daily life. Some people are afraid to say “No” when they should say so. On the one hand, they are afraid of losing their faces. On the other hand they don't want to hurt others, such as their family members, relatives, friends or colleagues.T o say “Y es” when you should say “No” will ev entually do you some harm. If you say “Y es” but fail to help them in the end because of lack of the ability, they may think you are not worthy of trust. If you help them do something bad or illegal, you will be punished for what you have done. So, don't be afraid to say “N o” if necessary.1999.6 真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Reading selectively or extensively? Y ou should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.有人认为读书要有选择2.有人认为应当博览群书3.我的看法\[范文\]Reading Selectively Or Extensively?Reading selectively or extensively? What is your choice? Perhaps each of us has our choice. Some people think we should read selectively, for there are so many books for us to read. Thousands of new books are published every day. How can we cover all these books in our limited time? Besides, not all the books are worth reading.Some people, on the contrary, choose to read extensively. They think that reading extensively can broaden their horizons. Through reading extensively they can learn something about their ancestors; through reading extensively they can get insight of great men. Reading extensively can also enable us to adapt to the fast developing society. Because we are living in a knowledge exploding society, if we don't read extensively, we can't get enough information about the modern world, and we can't keep pace with the society.In my opinion, we should read both selectively and extensively. By reading extensively, we can enrich our knowledge of aspects. By reading selectively, we can focus on and learn well the academic knowledge we'll need in our future work.2000.1 真题Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education? Y ou should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.上大学的费用可以通过多种途径解决2.哪种途径适合我(说明理由)\[范文\]How I Finance My College Education?Every year, thousands of young men enter universities and colleges. It has been a problem for the students and their families how to finance their college education. In fact, the problem can be dealt with in many ways. The most common way is to get all the money from the parents. If their parents can't produce the tuition and the fees, students can apply a loan from the bank. There is still another way. Students can finance their education by doing some part time jobs in their spare time.As for me, my parents can pay the greater part of the tuition and fees for me. So, I won't have a heavy financial burden, and I can put all my heart into study. I would like to pay the rest by doing a part time job. Although my parents are able to pay all the tuition and fees for me, I just want to know more about the society by my own working experience. Therefore, I choose this way to finance my college education.2001.1 真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview? Y ou should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.面试在求职过程中的作用2.取得面试成功的因素\[范文\]How to Succeed in a Job Interview?Nowadays, students must seek jobs by themselves. Job interview is the first step leading to the success of their employment. It is clear that succeeding in a job interview is very important.There are some ways to ensure your success in a job interview. First, you should be well prepared for all the information about you, such as your diploma certification, you credit records, certification about your awards, publications, if there is any, and the last but not the least, a carefully designed resume, in both Chinese and English.Second, you must pay much attention to your appearance, including your dress and your behavior. Y ou should dress properly. While talking with the interviewer, you should listen to him attentively, accompanied with proper eye contact and a timely nod of head.Third, you must be confident about yourself. Y our smiling face is the best way to show your confidence and friendliness. Y ou should be also honest, especially when talking about yourself. 2001.6 真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao W ang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week long holiday. Y ou should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions (given in Chinese) below:1.表示欢迎2.提出度假安排建议3.提醒应注意的事项A Letter to A Schoolmate; June 23, 2001; Dear Xiao W ang; Y ours, Zhang Ying\[范文\]A Letter to A SchoolmateJune 23, 2001Dear Xiao W ang,I am glad to hear that you will come to see me during the week long holiday. It has been three years since we graduated from our university. I miss you very much. I even can't wait to see you. I've made a plan for this holiday. As this is the first time you come to Beijing, I think we'd better have sightseeing around it. W e can visit some famous scenic spots and historical sites, such as Summer Palace, The Forbidden City, The Great W all, etc. W e can do some shopping together. There are many splendid markets and plazas in Beijing. The State Library is also a good place for us to go. By the way, since lots of people will go traveling in this holiday, it must be crowded on the train. So you should take care of your luggage. Bring more clothes with you because Beijing is much colder than Kunming at this time. And don't forget to tell me when you will arrive. I'll pick you up at the airport.Miss you!Y ours,Zhang Ying2002.1 真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. Y ou should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below. 假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。

2009年6月英语四级考试真题与答案参考答案听力：短对话11. She has always enjoyed great popularity12. They are going to have a holiday13. He was very courageous14. Buy a new washing machine15. He is not excited about his new position16. The man offers to drive the women to the party17. Finalizing a contract18. She ordered some paper长对话19 He can no longer work at sea20 She passed away years ago21 She has never got on with her father22 He is excellent but looks bad-tempered23 Some of the packs do not contain manuals24 solve the problem at her company’s cost25 Ideal短文：26 C it’s entertaining27C they may catch some disease28D continue the feeding till it get warm29C he will lie whenever he wants30A she made him apologize31D move furniture for her32A the atmosphere they live in is rather unreal33D he has too much to know the value of things34D she has no time to do it herself35D the lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies复合式听写答案：36 concentrated 40 row37 information 41 suspected38 depends 42 phenomenon (现象)39 straight 43 efficiently44 our second rule of learning is this: it is better to study fairly briefly but often。

emerge vi.浮现;(问题)发生，暴露【考】emerge from 浮现【例】 emerging market 新兴市场【派】emergence n.形成，出现;emergency n.紧急情况collapse vi. 倒塌;崩溃，突然失败;【例】The roof collapsed suddenly. 屋顶突然塌了。

infect vt.传染;影响【例】get infected 受感染【派】infection n.感染wreck vt. 毁坏;使…失事;n.失事，残害;精神身体垮掉的人【例】a plane wreck 飞机失事【派】wreckage n.残骸spread vt.展开;散布，蔓延;涂;n.传播，蔓延【考】spread out 散开伸张，延伸【例】the rapid spread of cholera 霍乱的迅速蔓延claim vt.声称，索取，提出要求;(灾难)使死亡 n.索赔【考】lay claim to 声称对…由权利;claim for 要求【例】Wenchuan Earthquake has claimed 60,000 people.汶川地震夺走60,000人的生命.survive vi.幸存;逃出【例】The miners survived in the mine accident矿工在矿井事故中幸存下来.【派】survival n.存活 survivor n.幸存者injure vt. 伤害，损伤【例】He was badly/severely injured.他受重伤do sb/oneself an injury 使受伤害【派】injury n. 伤害transmit vt.传播，发射;传送，传染【例】The disease is transmitted among people.疾病在人群中蔓延.【派】transmission n.传播rescue vt. n. 营救，救援【考】come to one’s rescue 拯救…【例】Survivors were rescued by helicopter.生还者被直升机营救.donate vt.捐赠，赠送【例】 to donate money/blood 捐款/鲜血【派】donation n. donator n.捐赠人accidental a.意外的，偶然的【例】accidental damage 意外损伤【派】accident n.事故，意外; accidentally ad.意外地miserable a.痛苦的，悲惨的，可怜的【例】 a miserable cold 重感冒【派】misery n. 痛苦fatal a.致命的，灾难性的;重大的【例】 fatal mistake 重大的过失vulnerable a.易受伤的，脆弱的;难防御的【例】vulnerable financial system 脆弱的金融体系voluntary a. 自愿，主动地【例】 voluntary contribution 自愿捐款【派】 volunteer n./vi. 志愿者volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事disaster n.灾难，大祸;彻底失败【例】Oil spill is a disaster. 漏油是大灾难.【派】disastrous a. 灾难性的famine n.饥荒【例】The famine triggered wars. 饥荒引起了很多战争. destruction n. 破坏，毁灭【例】The Amazon reforest will be damaged to destruction.亚马逊丛林将会被破坏殆尽.【派】destructive a.破坏性的，毁灭性的refugee n. 难民【例】 a refugee camp 难民营strap n. 带，皮带 vt.用带扣住;用绷带包扎【例】to strap the wound 包扎伤口foundation n.基础;基金会;建立【例】 educational foundations 教育基金会welfare n.福利;福利救济【例】 social welfare 社会福利flame n. 火焰【例】burst into flame 猛烈的燃烧【派】flaming a.燃烧的drought n. 干旱，旱灾【例】to combat the drought 抗旱collision n.碰撞;冲突【例】 accidental collision 意外碰撞charity n.救济金，施舍;慈善(团体)【考】out of charity 处于仁慈之心【例】 a charity perfomance 义演【派】 charitable a. 仁爱的,慈爱的shelter n.遮蔽处;保护 vt.庇护;躲避【例】 a homeless shelter 收容所【派】sheltered a.遮蔽的，受庇护的hazard n. 危害 vt. 冒风险，试着做【例】 hazard one’s life 冒生命危险【派】hazardous a. 危险的，冒险的大家网四级资料大全写作篇四、六级写作范文选（新东方内部资料）下载]英语四级作文模板一背通（作文满分的秘密）.英文四级写作万能公式新东方老师总结的所有四级写作资料大全2008四级写作一本通【英文写作指南】0基础到满分之路沈阳新东方赵旭老师四六级写作课件PPT大学英语CET4考试四级写作冲刺视频课件下载四、六级写作背诵范文选（新东方内部资料）英语的72种关键句型推荐温馨夜读美文欣赏mp3+lrc文本[推荐][下载]四六级听力40条常考习语+写作九类精彩句型[word]四级阅读2008新东方英语四级阅读30天学习笔记（网络完全版）英语１００篇精读荟萃及详解（初级篇）大学英语CET4考试四级阅读冲刺视频课件下载[视频]2007年秋季大学英语四级(CET4)阅读讲座《千万别学英语》电子书大学英语CET4考试四级综合冲刺视频课件下载【下载】新东方在线新四级讲义 - 阅读部分大学英语四级考试听力满分15天（软件版）★重点★胡敏读故事记四级单词文本+mp3（不用到处去找了）《新东方四级30天90分》听力学习笔记[下载]新东方背诵五十篇音频（08年四级通关必备）.新东方最新版[CET4新题型]听力16.0课时[张杨Flash]词汇篇史上最牛的词根书《图解词根、词源10000单词速记》完整版。