人教版英语必修一unit4重要知识点及练习

Unit 4 Earthquakes 单元要点预览I词语辨析II词性改变Ⅲ重点词汇1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆发, 突然裂开[典例]1).The red balloon suddenly burst. 那个红色的气球突然爆了。

2). The police burst through the door.警察破门而入。

3). On hearing the news, Leslie burst into laughter while Tracy burst out crying.一听到这则消息，Leslie突然大笑，而Tracy则突然大哭起来。

4). A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song.歌声结束后响起了一阵掌声。

[重点用法]burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭[练习] 中译英1). 水管在寒冷的天气里常常冻裂。

______________________________________________________________________2). 太阳突然从云端里露出来。

______________________________________________________________________2. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救[典例]1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。

2). The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.营救队在这次地震期间进行了多数次救援。

Unit 4 Natural DisastersPeriod I Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking1.rescue n. 营救；救援名词短语：__________ the/one’s rescue 搭救某人；救助某人动词短语：rescue..._________... 从......中拯救......答案：come to; from练习：1）Finally they __________(rescue) by helicopter.2）It took the firefighters 5 hours to rescue the boy ________ the well.3）A wealthy businessman came to _________(they) rescue with a generous donation. 答案：were rescued; from; their2.damage n. 损坏；损失；损害赔偿金v. 损害；破坏______/________ damage to... 对......造成伤害答案：do; cause练习：1）The accident caused some damage ________ my car, but it’s nothing serious.2）Smoking seriously _________ (damage) your health.3）Several cars _________(damage) in crash which happened last night.4）His doctor told me that his nerves ___________(damage) and he was unconscious（昏迷的）. 5）Actually, severe damage ___________(do) to our land is fairly recent in the history of our evolution（进化）.答案：to; damages; were damaged; were damaged/had been damaged; done3.vt. 摧毁；毁灭；消灭；破灭____________ n.[U] 摧毁；毁灭；破坏____________ adj. 造成破坏的；毁灭性的destroy one’s ____________/____________/___________ 摧毁某人的信心/希望/信仰答案：destruction; destructive; confidence; hope; faith易混词：destroy, damage与ruindestroy v. 指以具有某种摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁坏，以至于不能或难以修复。

新必修一unit4课文The Night the Earth didn’t SleepStrange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 am on July 28 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one million people were asleep as usual that night.河北省东北部的农村发生了一些奇怪的事情。

几天来，村里水井里的水涨了又跌，涨又跌。

井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。

至少有一口井里冒出了一些难闻的气体。

鸡甚至猪都紧张得不敢吃东西，狗也不肯进楼里。

老鼠从田野里跑出来寻找藏身之处，鱼儿从水里跳出来。

1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，唐山市外的天空出现了明亮的灯光和巨大的噪音。

人教版高一英语必修一第四单元Earthquake重点词组及练习1.burst into +n =burst out doing 突然····· 起来burst into tears =burst out crying is known to everybody总所周知injured 受伤across穿过横穿usual像往常一样out散发出筋疲力尽of 代替a speech演讲up shelters搭建避难pleased to do sth.乐意做某事proud of 以····· 而自豪number of ····· 的数量the open air 在户外away立刻ruins破败不堪成废墟out掘出an end 终结number of 许多大量的····· to·····太····· 而不能of thousands of 成千上万的trapped in =be caught in 被困在·····中····· not····· = not all····· 并非所有·····都the north of =north of 在·····的北面rescued from 被从·····解救出buried 被埋葬被埋藏oneself in =be buried in 专心于，埋头于little of 评判不高think highly of 赞许给予较高评判if 恍如29. be/ get shocked 震惊an end 终结1、In the city, the water pipes in some buildings crashed and burst.城市里，一些大楼里的水管爆裂。

必修1 Unit 4EarthquakesⅠ.词义搭配1．burst A．save from danger or harm2．ruin B．destruction(破坏)；extreme(极大的)damage3．shelter C．to put something under the ground，often in order to hide it4．disaster D．breaks open or apart suddenly5．even E．being safe from bad weather，danger，etc.6．rescue F．plan to catch someone7．trap G．something very bad happening8．bury H．a thing that happens【答案】1－8DBEGHAFCⅡ.短语填空right away，at an end，dig out，as usual，as if，in ruins，a (great)number of1．He didn't know how to come back home because his money was________________.2．Many buildings are ________________because of the big flood.3．Hurry up！It looks ________________it is going to rain.4．________________people are fond of music.5．On hearing the good news，he shared it with his parents________________.6．He was buried by an avalanche(雪崩)and had to ________________.【答案】 1.at an end 2.in ruins 3.as if 4.A (great) number of 5.right away 6.be dug outⅢ.句型背诵1．In the farmyard，the chickens and even the pigs were too_nervous_to_eat.农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都因过于惶恐而不想进食。

(每日一练)2023年人教版高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters知识点归纳总结(精华版)单选题1、Do you know anything about the accident _________ in the street yesterday?A．happenedB．was happeningC．which happenedD．which was happened答案：C考查定语从句和时态。

句意：你是否了解有关昨天在街上发生的那起事故的情况？填空部分是定语从句的主语和谓语部分，先行词是the accident，指物，关系词在从句中做主语，用关系代词which，结合时间状语yesterday可知，从句谓语happen为一般过去时，不及物动词happen不能变为被动。

故选C项。

2、The experience in Paris gave the young musician a unique________ into the influence of music on children, so he foun ded a school to teach children to play the piano.A．privilegeB．libertyC．insightD．emergency答案：C考查名词词义辨析。

句意：在巴黎的经历让这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解，所以他创办了一所学校教孩子们弹钢琴。

A. privilege特权；B. liberty自由；C. insight洞察力，见解；D. emergency紧急情况。

根据“the influence of music on children”可知，此处表示这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解。

故选C。

3、A real friend is someone_____support we can count on.A．whoseB．whichC．whatD．who答案：A考查定语从句。

必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes（知识点，语法点，强化练习）Key Words & Expressions一重点词汇1．burst vi. (burst, burst)爆裂；爆发n．突然破裂；爆发(1) burst in/into闯入；突然破门而入burst out 突然迸发；爆发burst out crying/laughing burst into tears/laughter突然哭起来/笑起来（2）}burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支(3) a burst of 一阵……①Some basketball fans burst into tears/burst out crying the instant they heard Iverson retired from NBA.一听到艾弗森从NBA退役的消息，许多球迷都哭了。

②He burst_into_the_room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.他没敲门就闯进房间，这使我非常生气。

③There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。

2．ruin n．[U]毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；[常用复数]废墟；遗迹vt.(使)毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟come/go/fall to ruin 毁灭；灭亡；崩溃bring ...to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡ruin one’s health/fame/future/pleasure 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途/好心情②The global economy downturn has brought many small companies to ruin.全球性的经济不景气已经使许多小公司纷纷破产。

人教版高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters知识点梳理单选题1、Try to avoid such things ________will do you harm, unless you don't care about the rumors from all directions. A．thatB．asC．whichD．as that答案：B考查定语从句。

句意：除非你不在乎四面八方的谣言，否则尽量避免那些对你有害的事情。

在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词things被such修饰，所以应用关系代词as。

故选B。

2、Peter can be really difficult at times ________ he’s a nice person in general.A．even ifB．as thoughC．as ifD．if only答案：A考查状语从句。

句意：彼得有时真的很难缠，即使一般情况下他是一个很好的人。

A. even if即使，尽管； B. as though似乎，好像； C. as if似乎，好像； D. if only要是...就好了。

空前表示Peter有时候很难缠；空后句子表示他通常情况都是很好很和善的人，前后有转折关系，只有A项even if可以引导让步状语从句，符合题意。

故选A项。

3、A sport with a broom on ice ________ requires bowling ________ makes curling one of the most unique sports out there.A．that … precisionB．that … diversityC．/ … precisionD．/ … diversity答案：A考查定语从句和名词词义辨析。

句意：冰壶是一项要求精准度的运动，它在冰上要使用冰刷，这使得冰壶成为最独特的运动之一。

Unit 4 Natural Disasters重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习(知识点全覆盖)单词变形1．death n．死；死亡→adj.死的→adj.致命的→v．死亡2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→n．效果；影响→adj.有效的→n．喜欢；喜爱；感情3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→adj.令人震惊的→adj.感到震惊的4．electricity n．电；电能→adj.电的；用电的→adj.电子的5．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→n．呼吸→adj.气喘吁吁的6．wisdom n．智慧；才智→adj.明智的→adj.不明智的7．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→n．受难；苦楚8．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→n．喷发9．survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存→n．幸存；生还→n．幸存者；生还者10．emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况→adj.紧急的→vi.浮现；出现11．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达vt.发表→n．投递；送交12．length n．长；长度→adj.长的→v．(使)变长重点词组1．volcanic eruption 2．as if3．in ruins4．in shock 5．in the open air 6．first aid kit 7．on hand 8．sweep away重点单词1．n．灾难；灾害2．vi.& vt.(使)滑行；滑动3．n．洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没4．n．& vt.营救；救援5．vt.损害；破坏n．损坏；损失6．vt.摧毁；毁灭7．n．避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)8．n．& vt.破坏；毁坏9．n．百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中10．vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n．险境；陷阱11．vt.埋葬；安葬12．n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力13．n．上下文；语境；背景14．n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供给15．vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n．水二、根据汉语意思填写单词三、完成句子四、用单词的适当形式完成短文参考答案：单词变形1．death n．死；死亡→dead adj.死的→deadly adj.致命的→die v．死亡2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→effect n．效果；影响→effective adj.有效的→affection n．喜欢；喜爱；感情3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的4．electricity n．电；电能→electric adj.电的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的5．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的6．wisdom n．智慧；才智→wise adj.明智的→unwise adj.不明智的7．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．受难；苦楚8．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n．喷发9．survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→survival n．幸存；生还→survivor n．幸存者；生还者10．emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况→emergent adj.紧急的→emerge vi.浮现；出现11．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达vt.发表→delivery n．投递；送交12．length n．长；长度→long adj.长的→lengthen v．(使)变长重点词组1．volcanic eruption火山喷发2．as if似乎；好像；仿佛3．in ruins严重受损；破败不堪4．in shock震惊；吃惊5．in the open air露天；在户外6．first aid kit急救箱7．on hand现有(尤指帮助)8．sweep away消灭；彻底消除重点单词1．disaster n．灾难；灾害2．slide vi.& vt.(使)滑行；滑动3．flood n．洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没4．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援5．damage vt.损害；破坏n．损坏；损失6．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭7．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)8．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏9．percent n．百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中10．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n．险境；陷阱11．bury vt.埋葬；安葬12．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力13．context n．上下文；语境；背景14．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供给15．tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲1．were affected【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。

Unit4一．单词词组解析：1.damage, v, 损害，破坏，n, 损坏，损失do damage to ......对....造成损害2.rescue,v, n, 营救，救援，rescue.....from....把某人、某物从.....中营救出来The policeman rescued the boy from drowning.短语意思：_____________3.destroy, vt, 摧毁，毁灭（指彻底摧毁，以至于不能或很快被修复）The earthquake destroyed almost the entire city. 意思：___________4.Survive, vt, 幸存，survivor, 幸存者，Survive on...靠.....维持生活5.affect,vt, 影响，深深打动，affection, n, 喜爱，慈爱affect sth= have an effect on sth对某事有影响Does TV affect/ have an effect on children’s behaviour?短语意思：_____________6.shelter, n, 庇护所，vt,保护，掩蔽The special element shelters your clothes from acid rain.短语意思：_____________7.in ruins严重受损，破败不堪In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.短语意思：____________8.Shock,n, 震惊，休克，vt,震惊，shocked, adj, 吃惊的，震惊的，shocking,adj,令人震惊的In shock, 震惊，吃惊be shocked to do sth对做某事感到震惊be shocked at/by...被..震惊They were shocked to hear that the hospital was closing down.短语意思：__________9.be trapped in.....陷入.....被困住A few people were trapped in a freezing cold room.短语意思：______________10.bury, vt, 埋葬，安葬be buried in (doing) sth 专心致志做某事Be buried in thoughts 沉思Buried in the newspaper, I didn’t notice what was happening.11.breathe, vt, 呼吸，n, 呼吸的空气Slowly，the city began to breathe again.12.effort, n, 努力，艰难的尝试，尽力make an effort to do sth 努力/竭尽全力做某事Spare no effort to do sth不遗余力做某事We should spare no effort to protect our environment, because it is shared by all the creatures.词组意思：______________13.Suffer, vt, 遭受，经受，忍受，vi, 受苦Suffer from, 遭受......之苦，患.....病He was suffering from serious heart disease.词组意思：_______________14.supply, n, 供应量，vt, 供应，供给Supply sb with sth=supply sth to sb向某人提供某物15.calm, adj, 镇静的，平静的，vt, 使平静，calm down平静下来It is not easy to calm the excited man down.词组意思：____________________16.aid,n, 帮助，援助，vt,帮助With the aid of........在.....的帮助下aid sb to do sth帮助某人做某事aid sb in doing sth帮助某人做某事We aided him in raising the money.句型意思：_________________17.on hand现有（尤指帮助）The emergency services were on hand with medical advice.词组意思：_____________18.Strike, vi, vt, (struck, struck,/stricken)侵袭，突击，击打，碰撞①vi, 罢工，strike for sth 为了某事而罢工②vt, 突然想起，一下子想起，（不用于进行时）It strikes sb that.......某人突然想起......=it occurs to sb that.....③vt, 敲，鸣，报时④vt,vi, 擦，划，（火柴）⑤n, 罢工，罢课，go on strike 举行罢工19.deliver, vt, 递送，传递，vt, 发表deliver.....to.....把......交给......deliver a speech 发表演说deliver,v, 接生，助产20.effect, n, 影响，结果，效果，作用,effective, adj, 有效的have an effect on/ upon....对.......有影响take effect开始起作用Come into effect生效，开始实施The rain has had a very bad effect on the crops.词组意思：___________21.sweep away 消灭，彻底消除二．佳句鉴赏：1.Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.解析：_______________________________________________________________________ 2.it seemed as if the world were coming to an end.解析：_______________________________________________________________________3.Everythere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins.解析：______________________________________________________________________ 4.The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday , killing more than 6500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries.解析：______________________________________________________________________ 5.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.解析：_______________________________________________________________________ 6.However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.7.解析：_____________________________________________________________________三．语法；关系代词引导的定从1.基本概念：①在复合句中，对名词，代词，名词性短语，句子进行修饰，限定的句子叫定语从句。