2021-2022学年上海市华东师大三附中高二（下）线上英语试卷1. American Writer—Toni Morrison American writer Toni Morrison was born in 1931 in Ohio.She (1) (raise) in an African American family filled with songs and stories of Southern myths (神话）, which later shaped her essays. Her happy family life led to her excellent performance inschool, (2) the atmosphere of racism in the society.After graduating from college, Morrison started to work as a teacher and got married in 1958.Several years later, her marriage began to fail. For a temporary escape, she joined a small writers group, in (3) each member was required to bring a story or poem for discussion. She wrote a story (4) (base) on the life of a girl she knew in childhood who had prayed to God for blue eyes.The story was well received by the group, but then she put it away, (5) (think) she was done with it.In 1964, Morrison got divorced and devoted herself to (6) (write). One day, she dusted off the story she had written for the writers' group and decided to make (7) into a novel. She drew on her memories from childhood and expanded upon them using her imagination (8) that the character developed a life of their own. The Bluest Eye was eventually published in 1970. From 1970 to 1992, Morison published five more novels.In her novels, Morrison brings in different elements of the African American past, their struggles, problems and cultural memory. In Song of Solomon, for example, Morrison tells the story of an Africa American man and his search for identity in his culture. The novels and other works won her several prizes. In 1993, Morison received (9) Nobel Prize in Literature. She is the eighth woman and the first African American woman (10) (win) the honor.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)2.expensive work of literature ever to appear at auction,according to Christie's.The collection of 36 plays,published shortly after the playwright's death,is one of only five completecopies still in private hands,the auction house said.The First Folio is considered among the most important collections of literature in the Englishlanguage.It contains 18 works that had not（1）______ appeared in print,and would otherwise have been lost to history,including "Macbeth" and "Twelfth Night."Published in 1623 by the actors John Heminge and Henry Condell,friends of the Englishplaywright,the book is formally titled "Comedies,Histories,and Tragedies," based on the three genres the pair used to（2）______ the plays.The（3）______ sold on Wednesday was the first complete copy to appear at auction since one went for 6.1 million in 2001.It was put up for sale by Mills College in Oakland,California,which had kept the item in its collection since 1977.After a six-minute bidding battle between three telephone buyers,the item was purchased by book dealer and antiquarian Stephan Loewentheil for 9.98 million.In a phone interview following the sale,he described Shakespeare's original folios as the "holy grail of books.""（The First Folio）is the greatest work in the English language,（4）______ the greatest work of theater,so it's something that anyone who loves intellectualism has to consider a divine object," said Loewentheil,who owns stores（5）______ in rare books and photography in New York and Maryland.In a press statement,head of books and（6）______ at Christie's,Margaret Ford,said it was "befitting"that Shakespeare's work now holds the auction world record "given its tremendous significance and influence around the globe."Although around 750 copies of the First Folio were produced,just 235 are known to have（7）______to the present day.Of these,only 56 are considered to be complete,with almost all of them now held by institutions in the US and UK，according to Christie's,whose sale catalog said the item's "extraordinary rarity ...cannot be（8）______."Believing that the copies in private hands might "never to come to market again," Loewentheil said that there may not be "too many more chances left" to obtain a copy.The book came in a binding dating back to the early 19th century.It was sold alongside a letter by Shakespeare scholar Edmond Malone from 1809 （9）______ its authenticity.The final sale price exceeded the auction house's estimates,which had predicted top bids of 4 million to 6 million.A number of other items at Wednesday's sale sold for seven-figure sums- including a Ming dynasty carpet that went under the hammer for over 1.7 million-providing further evidence that the top end of the auction market is weathering some the challenges（10）______ by the pandemic."For the great objects that really matter,the markets for art,literature and photographs have remained very strong," Loewentheil said.Lawmakers in New Jersey recently advanced a bill that would ban businesses from going cashless-a move that would put the state at odds with the global trend toward electronic payments but would(3) resistance from local officials who see no-cash policies as unfair.Almost 1 out of 3 Americans in 2018 say they don't use cash during a typical week of purchases,accordingto the Pew study released this week.The findings reveal that Americans are becoming less reliant on paper currency,mirroring(4) in Sweden,India and China.But state and local officials say that restaurants and shops that adopt cashless policies have left some members of the community behind- individuals without the(5) to open a bank account or who lack access to the mobile apps that power digital payments.The New Jersey measure,which would apply only to face-to-face sales and would(6)Internet and phone purchases,comes as officials push(7) efforts to bar no-cash rules in New York and Philadelphia.(8) cashless policies offer consumers the promise of convenience and provide businesses greater protection against theft,they also can exclude low-income consumers or undocumented immigrants,critics say. "Cash-free businesses are discriminatory by design and pose(9) to low-income communities that may not have access to credit," New York Council member Torres said on Twitter when he introduced a bill that would ban the practice.According to the Pew study,the decline in the use of (10) currency is uneven among the population when race,age and income are accounted for.Pew found a significant(11) in cashless adoption tied to annual household income,with adults making at least 75，000 more than twice as likely to make all their purchases without using cash in a typical week,(12) with people who make less than 30，000.The Pew findings suggest that the(13) of going cashless may come with a cost that only some groups of people will bear.Americans with lower incomes are roughly four times as likely as higher earners to make almost all of their purchases with cash,according to the study.As has been noted,business leaders have(14) cashless policies by referring to higher security and(15) customer service and efficiency.Some advocates have focused on providing people who are underserved by the(16) banking system with more affordable options,attacking the root cause behind the(17) of cashless payments.3. A. set up B. put up C. back up D. step up4. A. deposits B. exchanges C. shifts D. currencies5. A. ideas B. means C. directions D. outlets6. A. attract B. exclude C. advance D. include7. A. opposite B. associated C. similar D. collective8. A. While B. Provided C. Because D. As9. A. discounts B. traps C. challenges D. risks10. A. electronic B. physical C. virtual D. digital11. A. similarity B. expense C. gap D. consumption12. A. linked B. associated C. combined D. compared13. A. outcomes B. effects C. benefits D. disadvantages14. A. adopted B. defended C. developed D. criticized15. A. hindered B. accomplished C. improved D. desired16. A. traditional B. fading C. aggressive D. unqualified17. A. transformations B. developmentsC. criticismsD. creationsDHave you ever heard of Nollywood？Nollywood is the name of the Nigerian film industry：Nigeria is one of the largest film industries in the world based on the quantity of films produced,placing them right below India's Bollywood and above USA's Hollywood!Born in around 1992，Nollywood is the youngest compared with the other two "woods"，and uses new forms of financing and production.Now it's in adulthood,and bigger productions have become more regular.However,this was not always the case.Although movie theaters were rare in Nigeria during earlier period,original stories were not.Despite lack of funds and experience,self-made directors began to use commercial video cameras to shoot their movies and sold them for home viewing.Even though this resulted in movies with low production value,the original stories instantly made them a hit.Today,the film industry is the largest employer after agriculture and makes up 5% of Nigeria's GDP.Nigeria is a big player in the industry and it is constantly improving its craft,taking on new challenges.Nollywood is known mainly for its comedies and dramas,but we are increasingly seeing horror movies and musicals.Although sometimes heavily criticized for low production values,Nollywood continues to grow fans worldwide.Nigerian movies now make up 11% of Nigeria's non-oil exports!The average movie is produced in 7-10 days on a budget between ￡7，000-12，000（Hollywood's average is around ￡60 million per movie with one year production time）.This is changing,however,as more filmmakers are receiving proper training and are aiming to make films up to the international standard.18. What is the advantage of Nollywood？______A. Commercial support.B. Original stories.C. Dominant comedies.D. Fast production.19. Which of the following statements about "woods" is NOT true according to the passage？______A. Bollywood produces more films than the other two "woods".B. Nollywood is known as the youngest among the three "woods".C. Hollywood's budget for an average movie is much less than Nollywood's.D. It takes much less time to produce a Nollywood film than a Hollywood one.20. We can infer from the passage that ______ .A. Nollywood's contribution to Nigeria's GDP is second only to agricultureB. Nollywood makes fewer comedies and dramas than horror movies and musicalsC. movies made by Nollywood occupy more than 11% of Nigeria's export industryD. more filmmakers in Nollywood are attempting to improve the quality of its films21. The passage mainly talks about ______ .A. films worth enjoying in Nigeria.B. major differences among the "woods".C. promising future of Nollywood.D. features and changes of Nollywood.EFounded in 1887，The Writer aims to expand and support the work of professional writers with a straightforward presentation of industry information,writing instruction and professional and personal motivation.If you're passionate about books,authors,and writing,you'll find everything you need within our pages 12 times a year.Our editors are interested in query letters（投稿信）on concrete topics written by emerging and experienced writers.We are looking for clear takeaway for our readers：What can they learn to improve their writing or advance their careers？What specific how-to tips and strategies will accomplish this？In addition to a fleshed-out outline of your story idea and an estimated word count,queries should include a brief description of your background.For personal essays,we prefer writers to attach or paste the finished piece in their query email.We do not accept material that has been previously published in any form in print or online.****************************************************.Allqueriessenttoanyotheraddresswill be deleted.Unfortunately,we receive hundreds of letters every week and cannot respond to all of them.If you haven't heard from us in two weeks,please feel free to move your submission（投稿）to another publication.If you're unfamiliar with our magazine,we recommend reading a few issues,subscribing,or at least signing up for our newsletter to get a feel for the kind of work we publish.Article lengths vary widely from 300 to 3，000 words.We recommend writers ask themselves the following questions before querying.It isn't necessary to include them in your query,but we find it's a good way to help us understand how your piece best fits in our pages：• How specifically will this story idea help our readers become more informed writers？• Why is this particular idea timely or relevant？• Why are you the perfect person to write this piece？We prefer electronic queries.Please do not mail queries.Payment varies.Thank you for considering a submission to The Writer magazine,the voice of imagination,creation,and publication since 1887.22. According to the passage,The Writer magazine ______ .A. provides practical suggestions on a writing careerB. responds to all the query letters from the readersC. introduces successful writers and their works onlyD. prefers handwritten queries to electronic ones23. When sending a query letter,a contributor must ______ .A. answer the three questions firstB. attach a printed version of the storyC. subscribe to the magazineD. include a brief self-introduction24. What is this passage mainly about？______A. Magazine recommendations.B. Submission guidelines.C. Published stories.D. Subscription information.FHave you ever noticed that some difficult situations tend to repeat themselves? Does it seem as if you married or dated the same kind of person several times in different bodies with different names? Have you run into the same type of boss over and over again? If you don't deal well with authority figures at home, then you will have an opportunity to deal with them out in the world.You may try desperately to avoid these repeated difficult situations, which seem to have become your set patterns, but they will eventually catch up with you. The only way you can free yourself of them is to shift your perspective on them seriously and persistently. To face the challenge means you need to bravely accept the fact that something within you keeps drawing you to the same kind of persons or issues repeatedly in your life. This is not an easy task, since it means you have to change, and to change is not always easy. Staying just as you are certainly is comfortable in the familiarity, but it does not help you advance spiritually.Rising to the challenge of identifying and releasing your patterns forces you to admit that the way you have been doing things isn't working. However, the good news is that by identifying and releasing your patterns, you actually learn how to change. In order to facilitate your process of change, you will need willingness and patience.When struggling to make a change, ask yourself, "How willing am I, really, to make this change?" If you truly want to change, you will make a commitment to the process of it. If you absolutely hate getting stuck in traffic, chances are that you need a little work in the area of patience. And chances are that you will probably get stuck in more traffic jams than someone who has patience. It is not because the universe has a sense of humor. You just notice and care about the traffic more than someone who has patience.Remember, you just need willingness and a little patience. Once you master these, you will most likely find the challenge of identifying and releasing your patterns far less frightening.25. How can you get rid of repeated difficult situations in your life?A. By trying your best to avoid those disappointing situations.B. By taking a different attitude toward previous life.C. By gathering up the courage to change your identity.D. By changing your viewpoint on them with great determination.26. What's the author's attitude toward the idea of staying just as you are?A. Disapproving.B. Skeptical.C. Supportive.D. Casual.27. What does the underlined word "facilitate" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Promote.B. Postpone.C. Influence.D. Overlook.28. What is the effect of mastering willingness and patience according to the passage?A. Guiding you to identify your old patterns.B. Making your change become easier.C. Challenging you with difficult patterns.D. Arousing your inner desire to challenge yourself.People from different cultures have different ways of doing things.For example,in some parts of the world,people read the date 2/1/2005 as the second of January in 2005.They put the day before the month.In other parts of the world,people read this date as February 1，2005.They put the month before the day. (1) The thumbs-up sign means "excellent" in the United States,but it's an insult in parts of Africa.Moving the head up and down means "yes" in Europe and the United States.However,in Greece and Turkey,it means "no." To point a finger at someone is okay in Canada,but it's rude in Japan.For business people,differences like this can cause serious misunderstandings.These misunderstandings can destroy business relationships.To avoid this,many businesspeople attend classes to learn about other cultures.They study the customs of other countries.Here are a few things they learn.Greeting clients correctly is important in the business world.However,customs for greeting people vary from one culture to another. (2) In Japan,people often bow.People from Thailand put their hands together as if praying and then bow the head.In some Arab countries,men don't shake hands with women from outside the family.Entertaining is important in the business world.It's often necessary to invite a client to lunch or dinner.However,customs about eating also vary from culture to culture.Some people don't eat meat；others don't drink alcohol.In the West,people eat with knives and forks；in the East,they eat with chopsticks.In some cultures,it's okay to discuss business while eating. (3) Businesspeople need to know about these differences.Sometimes business people visit the homes of their clients.In most countries,it's the custom to take a smallgift.But what do you take？Again,the customs vary.For example,in England,giving a knife is bad luck.In some countries,it's rude to give white flowers or a watch or clock. (4) If you spend only a little money,you might appear stingy.If you spend too much,the gift might look like a bribe.In Malaysia and many other countries,there are laws against bribery.Doing business with people from different cultures is both fascinating and challenging.Many business people try to learn about other cultures.They do their best to avoid cultural misunderstandings.A.Talking about business over nice meals is acceptable in many countries.B.North American men and women often shake hands when they meet.C.Another difficulty is how much money to spend on a gift.D.In other cultures,talking about business during a meal is rude.E.Some people tend to ignore body language and customs in a different country.F.A simple gesture can also have a different meaning from one culture to another.29. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. F30. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. F31. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. F32. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. F33. Directions：Read the following three passages.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 e your own words as far as possible.Imagine living on the edge of a vast desert,which is moving quietly closer to your village every day and covering your fields.The desert is on the move.This is called desertification.Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert.It generally arises from two related causes.The first is over-use of water in the area.There is not enough water in any case,and if it is not carefully used,disaster can follow.As time goes on,water shortages make farming more and more difficult.In some places,locals can remember local lakes and marshes which were once the homes for all kinds of fish and birds.They have been completely buried by the sand now.Farmers leave the land,and fields are replaced by deserts.The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land.This means that the wrong crops are planted and need more water than is available.Ploughing large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil.Once the soil is lost,it is hard to replace,and if there is rain,it has nowhere to go,and brings no benefit.It is not only the farmers and villagers who suffer.Every spring,the skies over some of easterncities,thousands of kilometers away from the deserts,can be darkened by sandstorms.Dust fromdeserts can have a great effect on weather systems.While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming,these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding to what is known as the greenhouse effect.What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification？A great deal of work is already under way.Obviously first steps are to find new water sources.Tree planting can help,by providing barriers between desert and rich field.Some types of grass also hold the soil together,and stop the wind taking it.Without these efforts,it will be harder and harder to stop the world's deserts in their tracks,and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities.The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand.答案和解析1.【答案】【小题1】was raised【小题2】despite【小题3】which【小题4】based【小题5】thinking【小题6】writing【小题7】it【小题8】so【小题9】the【小题10】to win【解析】1.此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。
