Unit_6_entropy

牛津上海版英语八年级上册《Unit 6 Nobody wins (I)》说课稿2一. 教材分析《牛津上海版英语八年级上册》中的Unit 6 “Nobody wins (I)” 讨论了竞争与合作的关系，引导学生理解竞争与合作的重要性。

本单元的话题贴近学生的生活，易于引起学生的兴趣和共鸣。

教材通过丰富的语言材料，使学生在语言实践中感受竞争与合作，提高他们的语言运用能力。

二. 学情分析八年级的学生已经具备了一定的英语基础，能够理解和运用简单的英语进行交流。

但他们在语言运用上还存在一定的问题，如语法、词汇的掌握不够扎实，听、说、读、写的技能有待提高。

同时，学生对于竞争与合作这一话题有一定的认识，但需要通过教学活动进一步深化理解。

三. 说教学目标1.知识目标：学生能够掌握本课的生词和短语，理解文章的主旨大意，掌握一般现在时的用法。

2.能力目标：学生能够运用所学的词汇和语法知识进行简单的交流，提高听、说、读、写的技能。

3.情感目标：学生能够理解竞争与合作的关系，认识到合作的重要性，培养良好的团队精神。

四. 说教学重难点1.教学重点：学生能够掌握一般现在时的用法，正确运用本课的生词和短语进行交流。

2.教学难点：学生能够理解文章中关于竞争与合作的深层含义，运用所学的知识进行真实的语言交际。

五. 说教学方法与手段本课采用任务型教学法，通过各种教学活动，引导学生主动参与，提高他们的语言运用能力。

同时，利用多媒体教学手段，如课件、视频等，丰富教学内容，激发学生的学习兴趣。

六. 说教学过程1.导入：通过谈论日常生活中的竞争现象，引导学生思考竞争与合作的关系，激发学生的学习兴趣。

2.新课呈现：通过课件展示文章内容，引导学生初步理解文章大意。

3.深入学习：通过小组讨论、角色扮演等活动，让学生深入理解文章内容，掌握一般现在时的用法。

4.语言实践：通过完成任务的形式，让学生运用所学的知识和词汇进行实际交流。

5.总结提升：引导学生总结文章的主旨大意，理解竞争与合作的重要性。

体验商务英语课后答案unit6Unit 6 TradePart I Business V ocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. This part totals 20 points, one point for each sentence.1 They’ve ______B______ us a very good price for the consignment.A offeredB quotedC presentedD supplied2 If you can’t ________A________ the delivery date, let us know as soon as possible.A meetB makeC produceD decide3 We _______D_______ in distributing high quality wines.A sellB bring outC handleD specialize4 We would appreciate it if we could be B your sole distributor.A pointed outB appointedC acted asD represented5 We have _______B_______ Julian Montero, the Argentine supplier of the wine we are importing.A contacted withB contactedC linked toD linked6 Please ________C________ a letter of credit to cover the shipment.A makeB produceC open7 We look forward to receiving a copy of your letter to your ______D______ bank in Argentina as soon as possible.A correspondingB correspondedC respondingD correspondent8 Since we’ve not ______B_______ you before, we’d like to be paid by banker’s draftA dealt inB dealt withC dealt atD dealt for9 It creates its own branded products but also makes guitars _________B________ distributors’ specifications.A atB toC inD by10 The two companies have had some initial ________D________ by fax and nowface-to-face meeting is required.A lettersB emailsC faxesD correspondence11 We do hope we can reach an agreement ________D_______ the terms quoted.A forB ofC atD on12 In reply, we are _______C_____ you for 500 cases of Chinese Black Tea at AuD80per case CIF Sydney.A providingB supplyingC offeringD granting13 This offer is _______B______ to your reply reaching us before the 20th of February.A subjectingC subjectedD to subject14 Payment is to be ______D_____ by irrevocable L/C at sight.A done D conducted C paid D made15 They are ___D____ great demand abroad and our stocks are running down quickly.A atB ofC forD in16 We are confident that once you have tried our blouses, you will place repeat orders with us _____C______ large quantities.A atB forC inD by17 Please note that we do not allow any commission _____B______ our blouses.A forB onC aboutD at18 The above offer is made ______C_______ engagement and is subject to our final confirmation.A withB noC withoutD having19 ______A______ we are appreciating the good quality of your black tea, we regret that your price appears to be on the high side.A WhileB WhenC HoweverD Therefore20 However, please not that it is only because we hope to obtain your future substantial orders ______D_____ we accept your requirements.B whereC whatD thatPart II Phrase TranslationDirections: Directions: There are 20 Chinese phrases in this part. You are required to translate them into English and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, one point for each phrase.1 国内⽣产总值Gross Domestic Product2 国民⽣产总值Gross National Product3 ⼈均GDP GDP per capita4 ⾃然资源nature resources5 新⽣产业infant industry6 ⾃由港free port7 战略产业strategic industry8 交货期delivery date9 保险insurance10 本地商会local chamber of commerce11 总值total value12 不可撤销信⽤证irrevocable L/C13 往来⾏correspondent bank14 清洁提单clean B/L15 分批装运part shipment16 成本加保险费运费价CIF(cost, insurance and freight)17 长期关系long-term relationship18 利润幅度profit margin19 银⾏转帐bank transfer20 船上交货价FOB (free on board)Part III Sentence TranslationDirections: There are 10 sentences in this part. You are required to translate them into Chinese and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, two points for each sentence.1.It’s essential to comply with all regulations if you want the delivery to go throughwithout problems.要想交付货物⽆误，遵守规章是必不可少的。

人教修订版高二英语Unit 6 Life in the future 说课教案Design on the blackboardUnit 6 Life in the futureTransportation: cleaner faster safer Business: E-commerce mall smart cardsHealth and medicine: a longer, healthier and active life Education and knowledge: schools on the air / e-schools lifelong learness教学反思：现行英语高中人教版教材，强调语言运用，注重能力培养，突出兴趣激发，重视双向交流，重视灵活扩展。

本课为该教材Book 2 Unit 6 的第三课时（Reading）“Life in the future”，本课的具体内容涉及未来的交通、商业、医药与健康、知识与教育等。

本人根据对学情的分析和教学内容的处理，将目标预设为：1通过学习，理解文章大意，抓住关键词，充分利用“标题”这一有效的阅读技巧把握文章主旨，了解作者的写作意图，并深入地培养猜测词义、理解语句、归纳段落大意等能力；2 通过学习，掌握本单元所学词汇，并能在新的语境下巩固运用；3 进一步拓展学生的想象力，提升其语言实践能力，让他们意识到只有用自己的智慧和勤劳的双手才能改造社会，为人类造福。

高二年级学生已具备一定的英语听说基础，良好的英语学习习惯，一定的自学能力和较强的接受能力。

本人根据本单元教材编排特点，结合学生的实际，对本课时教学内容安排如下：1 学习课文；2 词汇练习；3 理解运用；学习的重点是通过阅读让学生了解将来人类可能的生活状况，捕捉文章的信息，根据上下文猜测词义，通过教学表明，这些教学实施是恰当的。

设计的教学活动遵循快读—详读—巩固—练习—运用。

这样的设计是由梯度的，完成从理解到表达的过渡。

知识图谱Unit6The Unexplained知识精讲一、必背词汇unexplained adj.原因不详的；未说明的monster n.怪物UFO n.不明飞行物unusual adj.特别的，不寻常的strange adj.奇怪的；奇特的creature n.生物；动物natural adj.天生的；自然的sense n.感官；感觉；意识v.感觉到smell v.闻到n.气味taste v.尝n.味道；滋味touch v.摸amazing adj.令人惊奇的relax v.放松，休息disappear v.消失，不见search v.搜索，搜寻yard n.院子；码fence n.篱笆，围栏strangely adv.异常地，奇怪地noise n.声响；吵闹声wake v.醒来；唤醒hairy adj.多毛的scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的scared adj.害怕的，恐惧的throw v.扔，投newspaper n.报纸sailor n.水手，海员row v.划船n.一排，一行boat n.小船，划艇toward prep.朝，向，接近dive v.跳水，潜水side n.边缘；一边，一侧imaginary adj.想象中的，虚构的might v.可能；可以prove v.证明，证实brain n.脑asleep adj.睡着的probably adv.很可能human n.人common adj.普通的，常见的realise v.意识到，领会radio n.无线电广播pyjama n.睡衣裤二、重点词汇1.unexplained adjective/ʌnɪkˈspleɪnd/Unexplained events,behaviour,etc.are ones for which people do not know or understand the reason.（事件、行为等）未说明的，未解释的，原因不详的例句：He was shot dead earlier this year in unexplained circumstances.他在今年早些时候莫名其妙地被人开枪打死了。

新理念大学英语阅读教程unit12entropyEntropyIt was about two months ago when I realized that entropy was getting the better of me. On the same day my car broke down (again), my refrigerator conked out and I learned that I needed root-canal work in my right rear tooth. The windows in the bedroom were still leaking every time it rained and my son’s baby sitter was still failing to show up every time I really needed her. My hair was turning gray and my typewriter was wearing out. The house needed paint and I needed glasses. My son’s sneakers were developing holes and I was developing a deep sense of futility.After all, what was the point of spending half of Saturday at the Laundromat if the clothes were dirty all over again the following Friday?Disorder, alas, is the natural order of things in the universe. There is even a precise measure of the amount of disorder, called entropy. Unlike almost every other physical property (motion, gravity, energy), entropy does not work both ways. It can only increase. Once it’s created it can never be destroyed. The road to disorder is a one-way street. (entropy的特性)Because of its unnerving irreversibility, entropy has been called the arrow of time. We all understand this instinctively. Children’s rooms, left on their own, tend to get messy, not neat. Wood rots, metal rusts, people wrinkle and flowers wither. Even mountains wear down; even the nucleiof atoms decay. In the city we see entropy in the rundown subways and worn-out sidewalks and torn-down buildings, in the increasing disorder of our lives. We know, without asking, what isold. If we were suddenly to see the paint jump back on an old building, we would know that something was wrong. If we saw an egg unscramble itself and jump back into its shell, we would laugh in the same way we laugh at a movie run backward. (注意本段的一系列动词) (entropy是什么,为什么被称作时光之箭?) Entropy is no laughing matter, however, because with every increase in entropy energy is wasted and opportunity is lost. Water flowing down a mountainside can be made to do some useful work on its way. But once all the water is at the same level it can work no more. That is entropy. When my refrigerator was working, it kept all the cold air ordered in one part of the kitchen and warmer air in another. Once it broke down the warm and cold mixed into a lukewarm mess that allowed my butter to melt, my milk to rot and my frozen vegetables to decay. (注意本段的一系列动词) (entropy是什么)Of course the energy is not really lost, but it has diffused and dissipated into a chaotic caldron of randomness that can do us no possible good. Entropy is chaos. It is loss of purpose. (entropy 是什么) People are often upset by the entropy they seem to see in the haphazardness of their own lives. Buffeted about like so many molecules in my tepid kitchen, they feel that they have lost their sense of direction,that they are wasting youth and opportunity at every turn. It is easy to see entropy in marriages, when the partners are too preoccupied to patch small things up, almost guaranteeing that they will fall apart. There is much entropy in the state of our country, in the relationships between nations—lost opportunities to stop the avalanche of disorders that seems ready to swallow us all.Entropy is not inevitable everywhere, however. Crystals andsnowflakes and galaxies are islands of incredibly ordered beauty in the midst of random events. If it was not for exceptions to entropy, the sky would be black and we would be able to see where the stars spend their days; it is only because air molecules in the atmosphere cluster in ordered groups that the sky is blue.The most profound exception to entropy is the creation of life. A seed soaks up some soil and some carbon and some sunshine and some water and arranges it into a rose. A seed in the womb takes some oxygen and pizza and milk and transforms it into a baby.The catch is that it takes a lot of energy to produce a baby. It also takes energy to make a tree. The road to disorder is all downhill but the road to creation takes work. Though combating entropy is possible, it also has its price. That’s why it seems so hard to get ourselves together, so easy to let ourselves fall apart.Worse, creating order in one corner of the universe always createsmore disorder somewhere else. We create ordered energy from oil and coal at the price of the entropy of smog.I recently took up playing the flute again after an absence of several months. As the uneven vibrations screeched through the house, my son covered his ears and said, “Mom, what’s wrong with your flute?” Nothing was wrong with my flute, of course. It was my ability to play it that had atrophied, or entropied, as the case may be. The only way to stop that process was to practice every day, and sure enough my tone improved, though only at the price of constant work. Like anything else, abilities deteriorate when we stop applying our energies to them.That’s why entropy is depressing. It seems as if just breaking even is an uphill fight. There’s a good reason tha t thisshould be so. The mechanics of entropy are a matter of chance. Take any ice-cold air molecule milling around my kitchen. The chances that it will wander in the direction of my refrigerator at any point are exactly 50-50. The chances that it will wander away from my refrigerator are also 50-50. But take billions of warm and cold molecules mixed together, and the chances that all the cold ones will wander toward the refrigerator and all the warm ones will wander away from it are virtually nil.Entropy wins not because order is impossible but because there are always so many more paths toward disorder than toward order. There are so many more different ways to do a sloppy job than a good one, somany more ways to make a mess than to clean it up. The obstacles and accidents in our lives almost guarantee that constant collisions will bounce us on to random paths, get us off the track. Disorder is the path of least resistance, the easy but not the inevitable road.Like so many others, I am distressed by the entropy I see around me today. I am afraid of the randomness of international events, of the lack of common purpose in the world; I am terrified that it will lead into the ultimate entropy of nuclear war. I am upset that I could not in the city where I live send my child to a public school; that people are unemployed and inflation is out of control ; that tensions between sexes and races seem to be increasing again; that relationships everywhere seem to be falling apart.Social institutions—like atoms and stars—decay if energy is not added to keep them ordered. Friendships and families and economies all fall apart unless we constantly make an effort to keep them working and well oiled . And far too few people, itseems to me, are willing to contribute consistently to those efforts.Of course, the more complex things are, the harder it is. If there were only a dozen or so air molecules in my kitchen, it would be likely—if I waited a year or so—that at some point the six coldest ones would congregate inside the freezer. But the more factors in the equation—the more players in the game—the less likely it is that their paths willcoincide in an orderly way. The more pieces in the puzzle, the harder it is to put back together once order is disturbed. “Irreversibility,” said a physicist, “is the price we pay for complexity.”。

新高二Unit6New words:1.p rediction –n.预言predict –vt. to see or describe ( a future happening) in advance 预言，预测She predicted that he would marry a doctor.Can you predict when the work will be finished?predictable –adj.2.f orecast vt. to say with some kind of knowledge(what is going to happen at some future time)预报，预测比较:predictThe teacher forecast that15 of his pupils would pass the examination. Heavy rain has been forecast for tomorrow. 天气预报明天有大雨.3.1)glimpse –n. 无意识地一瞥,看到的粗略印象, 瞥见，强调结果.catch / get a glimpse ofI only caught a glimpse of the thief, so I can’t really describe him.我只是瞥了小偷一眼,因此我无法把他仔细描述.I caught a glimpse of Meg at the station this morning.我早上在车站看见梅格了．I caught a glimpse of the Town Hall clock as we drove quickly past.2)g lance –v.匆匆地看一眼或粗略地扫一眼,强调动作glance at =take a glance at/ take a quick look atHe glanced at his watch once again and then looked at the front entrance.n. 一瞥One glance at his face told me he was ill.at a glance 看一眼，一眼看出She saw at a glance that he’d been crying.3)g aze –凝视,盯着看gaze at4)stare—凝视，盯着stare at5)glare –瞪着glare atShe shyly at the young fellow from behind her fan.A. glancedB. glimpsedC. gazedD. copiedI her among the crowd just before she disappeared from sight.（glimpsed）就在他消失在人群当中之前，我瞥见了他。

高二英语unit6知识要点聚焦新课标人教版高二英语Unit6知识要点聚焦1. What will life be like in the future? 未来的生活是什么样子？in the future相当于in time yet to come，意为“将来”，指较长的将来一段时间。

Who knows what will happen in the future? 谁知道将来会发生什么事？I'd like to be a teacher in the future. 将来我想当一名教师。

(1) in future 相当于from now on，意为“今后；以后”，常指离现在较近的一段将来时间。

Don't do that in future. 以后别再干那种事了。

Be more careful with your spelling in future. 今后多注意你的拼写。

(2) for the future表示“为将来”，在句中作定语或状语。

We'd better lay up some money for the future. 我们最好为将来攒一些钱。

It's necessary to plan for the future. 对未来进行规划是有必要的。

用上述短语填空：①Could you be more careful ____ ?②I'm sure at some point ____ I'll want a baby.(Keys: ①in future ②in the future)2. Having doubles would make people confused, because no one would know who the double really was or how to treat it. 有个相似者会使人们迷惑不解，因为没有人会真正知道谁是相似者或者如何处理。