期末完形练习-学生-1

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(Fill in the blanks in each of the following passages by choosing the word or phrase from the lists given.)Most people who travel long distances complain of jetlag. Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone spur1 making mistakes. It is actually caused by the reflection of your “body clock”—a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological pattern . The body clock is designed for a regular rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it encounters 4 daylight and darkness at the “wrong” times in a new time zone. The 5 effect of jetlag often persist for days 6while the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone. Now a new anti-jetlag system is available. Dr. Martin Moore-Ede has devised a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone 7through controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and 8abandon most of the discomfort of jetlag. A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either retrieve or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule for10 light exposure depends a great deal on specific11 travel plans. Data on a specific flight itinerary (旅行路线) and the individual’s sleep pattern12 are used to produce a Trip Guide with instruction on exactly when to be exposed to bright light. When the Trip Guide calls for bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is dark outside, or the weather is bad, 14or you are on an airplane, you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light seek for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.Anyone trying to recover in the wake of last week’s visit by Hurricane Bonnie probably isn’t feeling especially lucky at the moment. Wish1 fortune isn’t the first thing you think of when your room is full of mud, your roof is missing, your power has been 2quickened for days on end. But considering the destruction that often plenty of 3 storms of this magnitude, residents of North and South Carolina and Virginia got on remarkably lightly. 4About three people died. Property damage was far lower than it might have been. Beaches remained largely intact5 .If anything,the storm reinforced the popular belief that hurricanes are so rarely6 tracked, probed and forecast these days that they cannot possibly cause great loss of life. Scientists don’t share that optimism, carelessly7 . Many believe we’re entering a cycle in which violent storms are going to be more frequent, and in which the likelihood of a disastrous strike will be greater8 than ever. The scientists’ pet nightmare is of the Big One—a catastrophic storm that could do billion dollars’worth9 of damage and kill thousands of people. No one knows when or where the Big One will hit but the certainty10 is growing that it will.Even a Little One like Bonnie, of course, can do thoroughly11 harm. Some half a million people were forced to flee inland last week, estimated12 the 400-mile-wide storm—mammoth in size even by hurricane standards— swirled toward Cape Fear, N. C. Bonnie’s 115-m.p.h. winds 13as rapidly as she lumbered inland, and her forward progress slowed too, with the result that the storm hovered over the state and struck it repeatedly for more than a day. Downed power lines robbed over 240, 000 people 14 out electricity. Even worse than the winds accompanies15 the rains—more than 12 inches in some places—which caused the flooding in North and South Carolina. When the crisis seemed to be over,Bonnie regained some of her fury to pound Virginia before heading out to sea.Passage 3 (Fill in the blanks by choosing a sentence from those listed below)Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. ---1--- C In addition, television stations always operate at the highest sound level allowed for reasons of efficiency. According to one NBC executive, no difference exists in the peak sound level of ads and programming. Given this information, why do commercials sound so loud?The sensation of sound involves a variety of factors in addition to its peak level. Advertisers are skillful at creating the impression of loudness through their expert use of such factors. ---2--- B In regular programming the intensity of sound varies over a large range. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak levels.Other “tricks of the trade” are also used. Because low-frequency sounds can mask higher frequency sounds, advertisers filter out any noises that may drown out the primary message. In addition, the human voice has more auditory impact in the middle frequency ranges. -D--3--- Another approach is to write the script so that lots of consonants are used, because people are more aware of consonants than vowel sounds. Finally, advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highly different from those of the programming within which the commercial is buried. Because people become adapted to the type of sounds coming from programming, a dramatic change in sound quality draws viewer attention. ---E4--- The attention-getting property of commercials can be seen by observing one-to two-year-old children who happen to be playing around a television set. ---F5--- However, when a commercial comes on, their attention is immediately drawn to it because of its dramatic sound quality.A. One major contributor to the perceived loudness of commercials is that much less variation in sound level occurs during a commercial.B. However, federal rules forbid the practice of making ads louder than the programming.C. They may totally ignore the programming.D. Advertisers electronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such a frequency band.E. It serves its purpose best when it is least obvious.F. For example, notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type.。