下载文档原格式
Reading Passage 1篇章结构解题地图 难度系数：★★★解题顺序：按出题顺序解题即可友情提示：此篇文章为典型的“划片”型，第1～8题对应前三段，第9～13题对应第三段后半部分以及其后的段落，可按照顺序逐个答题。
必背词汇 1. molten adj. 熔化的molten iron熔铁，铁水molten lava(=liquid rock from a volcano)熔岩，岩浆2. virtually adv. 实际上；几乎Virtually all the children come to school by bus. 几乎所有的孩子都乘公交车上学。
He was virtually unknown before running for office. 他参加竞选前几乎不为人知。
3. guarantee v. 保证，担保I guarantee you'll love this film. 我保证你会喜欢这部电影的。
The law guarantees equal rights for men and women. 这部法律保证了男女享有平等的权利。
4. coincidence n. 巧合，一致By coincidence, John and I both ended up at Yale. John和我碰巧都进入了耶鲁。
It was a happy coincidence that Robert arrived at the same time.Robert也同时到达，真是个令人开心的巧合。
5. inspection n. 视察，检查An inspection was carried out at the school. 学校接受了一次视察。
However，on closer inspection, a number of problems emerged.然而，经过更为仔细的检查，发现了很多问题。
剑桥雅思8 TEST 2必背词汇Section 1本节必背词汇belonging n.所有物，财产crack n.破裂take out insurance 买保险cabinet n.柜橱claim n.索赔towel n.毛巾，浴巾current adj.目前的，现在的Indonesia n.印度尼西亚suburb n.郊区quote v.开价，报价via prep.经由saucer n.茶盘托reference number咨询号码replacement n.替代，替换词汇拓展term/policy period 保险单有效期sum assured/insurance amount/cover赔付费death benefit 死亡保险金premium保险费premium paying term 保费交纳期限maturity benefit 期限利益Section 2本节必背词汇amongst prep.在...之中complex n.综合建筑物remit n.宗旨plan n.图纸，平面图situate v.坐落block n.区域route n.路线graze v.放牧circular adj.圆形的rectangular adj.长方形的marsh n.沼泽out of bounds禁止进入poultry n.家禽nutritional adj.营养的breed n.品种broaden v.变宽，增加display n.展示orchard n.果园browse v.浏览diversify v.使不同，使多样化词汇拓展accommodation capacity 接待能力 adventure tourism(需要—定技能的) 探险旅游affinity group有共同兴趣、爱好的旅游组after-departure charge离开后付费（比如电话费,在离开酒店的时候一般不收,以后再通过信用卡支付）Section 3本节必背词汇quarantine n.&v.检疫，隔离moisten v.使潮湿infest v.扰乱，骚扰scrunch v.揉皱；紧缩microscopic adj.极小的，极微小的eradicate v.根除，扑灭die out 灭绝mite n.小虱；螨类devastating adj.破坏性极大的，毁灭wipe out 消灭，彻底摧毁性的pollinate v.给……授花粉skeleton n.骨骼indigestible a.不能消化的pellet n.小球cough up 咳出词汇拓展butterfly 蝴蝶flea 跳蚤scorpion 蝎子moth 蛾mosquito 蚊子mantis 螳螂ant 蚂蚁roach 蟑螂beetle 甲壳虫termite 白蚁cricket 蟋蟀Section 4本节必背词汇rationale n.基本原理，原理的阐述recruit v.招募questionnaire n.调查问卷counteract v.与互动collate v.整理，校对revert v.恢复(原状），implement v.使生效、贯彻subject n.被采访对象be taken aback吃惊；困惑reassurance n.再次保证encounter v.遇到seminar n.讨论traceable a.可以追踪的substance n.物质bizarre a.奇怪的eye-opener n.令人大开眼界的东西词汇拓展assignment n.作业wording n.措词assess v.评估draft n.草稿，初稿sample n.样品，抽样presentation n.开题报告random n.随机剑桥雅思8 TEST 3必背词汇Section 1本节必背词汇rent v.租n.租金location n.地点，位置suburb n.郊区minimum adj.最低的n.最少，最低值let n.出租，租赁living room 起居室dining room 餐厅garage n.车库cloakroom n.盟洗室cope with 应付，处理kitchen-diner(有就餐区域的)大厨房study n.书房whereabouts adv.在哪里decorate v.装修，装饰scheme n.计划district n.地区construction n.建设impressive adj.令人印象深刻的schedule n.计划；时刻表convert v.改建，改造词汇拓展accommodation住宿;宿舍apartment n.〈美〉公寓budget n.预算contract n.合同double room 双人间flat n.公寓flatmate n.室友homestay n.寄宿off campus 在校外on campus 在校内studio n.〈美〉小套间Section 2本节必背词汇spotlight n.聚光灯throughout prep.遍及venue n.地点classical music 古典音乐concert n.演唱会，音乐会complex n.建筑群；联合体cater v.满足，迎合art gallery 画廊，美术馆enormous adj.众多的eventually adv.最终symphony n.交响乐orchestra n.管弦乐团selection n.挑选，精选；选集attraction n.吸引物recommend v.推荐spectacular adj.引人入胜的，壮观的fantastic adj.精彩的，绝妙的review n.影评exhibition n.展览collection n.收藏；收集词汇拓展stopping points停靠地(点）palace n.宫殿residence n.居所，住处refreshment n.小点心commercial adj.商业的shallow adj.浅的；肤浅的arcade n.拱廊；有拱廊的街道commentary n.解说departure n.出发，离开hop-on hop-off 随到随发；随时上下Section 3本节必背词汇personal statement 个人陈述administration n.行政管理fluency n.流利lodging n.寄宿处；出租的房屋barrier n.障碍laptop n.笔记本电脑module n.单元original adj.最初的，原本的；原始的gender n.性别agency n.中介，机构analysis n.分析voluntary adj.自愿的，志愿的reconfigure v.重新配置；重新设置construction n.建设occupy v.占领，占据engineering n.工程elect v.选举，推举physically adv.身体上；生理上leadership n.领导de-motivated adj.失去动力的sphere n.范围，领域community n.社区acquisition n.获得;获得物reluctant adj.不情愿的indigenous adj.本土的suspicious adj.怀疑的appropriate adj.恰当的academic adj.学术的Portuguese n.葡萄牙语词汇拓展complementary adj.补足的；互补historical adj.历史的expedition n.探险；远征scientific base 科考基地specialist n.专家remote adj.遥远的，偏僻的uninhabited adj.荒无人烟的wilderness n.荒野fieldwork n.实地考察Section 4本节必背词汇branch n.分支机构component n.元素，成分parent organisation 母公司interweave v.交织；使…混杂capture v.捕捉complicated v.使复杂scale n.规模ignorance n.(对某事物)无知utilise v.利用，使用invisible adj.不可见的generate v.产生；发生duplicate adj.复制的；两重的glamorous adj.富有魅力的，迷人的replicate v.复制misguide v.误导innovation n.变革，创新accurate adj.准确的，正确的confine v.限制comparable adj.相似的；可比较的acquire v.获得，取得modification n.修饰，修改overwhelming adj.压倒性的；无法抵抗的compromise v.危及；妥协underlying adj.隐藏的confirm v.证实，确认cautious adj.小心的setting 队背景；场景exert v.施加，运用retail store 零售店reliance n.依赖，依靠real estate agency 房产中介template n.模板pick sb’s brains 向某人请教、讨教consistency n.持续性isolated adj.孤立的，隔离的词汇拓展fraud欺骗，诈骗customer顾客diversity差异；多样性behave 表现，行为personality个性preoccupation n.关注lawless adj.无法无天的legal adj.合法的corporate crime 商业犯罪embezzlement n.盗用，挪用variation差异creativity创造性conflict冲突responsibility n.责任，职责individuality n.个性，个人特征cooperation n.合作conformity n. 一致性剑桥雅思8 TEST 4必背词汇Section 1本节必备词汇temporary adj.临时的，暂时的waistcoat n.(西服的)背心,马甲shift n.轮班midday n..中午，正午alternate v.交替，轮流reference n..推荐人，介绍人generous adj.慷慨的，大方的vouch v.替……担保uniform n.工作服词汇拓展resume n.简历performance n.工作表现recruitment n.招聘reward n.奖励agency n.中介，代理benefit n.奖金，补贴job hunting 找工作motivation n.积极性，动力job hopping 跳槽Section 2本节必备词汇councilor n.议会议员pavement n.人行道consultation n.咨询pedestrian n.行人overhead adj.头顶上的signage n.标志牌resident n.居民intersection n.十字路口shelter n.遮蔽处incorporate v.包含shade n.树荫，阴凉词汇拓展monument n.纪念碑district n.区public lavatory 公共厕所residential area 居民区national highway 国道urban adj.市区的metropolis n.大都市suburb n.郊区municipality n.市政当局outskirts n.市郊municipal n.市的，市政的Section 3本节必备词汇grant n.助学金eligible adj.符合条件的，合格的sponsor v.资助scholarship n.奖学金desperate adj.急需要的；绝望的rehearse v.排练frantically adv.疯狂地，狂热地conductor n.指挥stretch v.使全力以赴，使竭尽所能hockey n.曲棍球stamina n.耐力，体力seminar n.研讨会on the same wavelength 具有相同的思路，合拍tutorial n.(大学导师的）个别辅导时间productive adj.富有成效的priority n.优先事项incentive n.动力;激励，刺激tackle v.对付，处理词汇拓展angle角度semester学期ambition抱负，志向instruction n.教授，指导cooperate v.合作experiment n.实验dissertation n.(博士 )论文Section 4本节必备词汇aboriginal adj. 土著的curvy adj.有曲线的；弯曲的symbolic adj.象征性的resemble v.像，类似characteristic n.特征，特点miniature n.微型图画categorise v.将...分类marine adj.海洋的artistic adj.艺术的prominently adv.显著地dynamic adj.动态的，充满活力的intrigue v.激起……兴趣significant adj.有重大意义的serpent n.蛇(尤指大蛇、毒蛇) depict v.描绘，描画kangaroo n.袋鼠static adj.静态的crocodile n.鳄鱼stick-like adj.棍状的coincide v.与...一致naturalistic adj.自然的disruption n.崩溃，瓦解internal adj.内部的inspiration n.灵感skeleton n.骨架词汇拓展archaeological adj.考古的，考古学的accurate adj.精确的fieldwork n.野外实地调查identifiable adj.可辨认的contemporary adj.当代的complex adj.复杂的interpretation n.理解，解释unintentional adj.非故意的，无意的engraving n.雕刻(术）；版画disrespectful adj.无礼的footprint n.足迹priceless adj.无价的scholar n.学者fragile adj.易碎的mystery n.神秘的事物precious adj.珍贵的illustration n.图解，例证intact adj.完好无损的。
剑桥雅思阅读解析8(test2)店铺为大家整理收集了剑桥雅思阅读8真题解析：test2阅读原文解析，希望对各位考生的备考有所帮助,祝每位烤鸭考试顺利，都能取得好成绩!剑桥雅思阅读8原文(test2)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Sheet glass manufacture:the float processGlass, which has been made since the time of the Mesopotamians and Egyptians, is little more than a mixture of sand, soda ash and lime. When heated to about 1500 degrees Celsius (℃) this becomes a molten mass that hardens when slowly cooled. The first successful method for making clear, flat glass involved spinning. This method was very effective as the glass had not touched any surfaces between being soft and becoming hard, so it stayed perfectly unblemished, with a 'fire finish'. However, the process took a long time and was labour intensive.Nevertheless, demand for flat glass was very high and glassmakers across the world were looking for a method of making it continuously. The first continuous ribbon process involved squeezing molten glass through two hot rollers, similar to an old mangle. This allowed glass of virtually any thickness to be made non-stop, but the rollers would leave both sides of the glass marked, and these would then need to be ground and polished. This part of the process rubbed away around 20 per cent of the glass, and the machines were very expensive.The float process for making flat glass was invented by Alistair Pilkington. This process allows the manufacture of clear, tinted and coated glass for buildings, and clear and tinted glass for vehicles. Pilkington had been experimenting with improving the melting process, and in 1952 he had the idea of using a bed of molten metal to form the flat glass, eliminating altogether the need for rollers within the float bath. The metal had to melt at a temperature less than the hardening point of glass (about 600℃), but could not boil at a temperature below the temperature of the molten glass (about 1500℃). The best meta l for the job was tin.The rest of the concept relied on gravity, which guaranteed that the surface of the molten metal was perfectly flat and horizontal. Consequently, when pouring molten glass onto the molten tin, the underside of the glass would also be perfectly flat. If the glass were kept hot enough, it would flow over the molten tin until the top surface was also flat, horizontal and perfectly parallel to the bottom surface. Once the glass cooled to 604℃ or less it was too hard to mark and could be transported out of the cooling zone by rollers. The glass settled to a thickness of six millimetres because of surface tension interactions between the glass and the tin. By fortunate coincidence, 60 per cent of the flat glass market at that time was for six-millimetre glass.Pilkington built a pilot plant in 1953 and by 1955 he had convinced his company to build a full-scale plant. However, it took 14 months of non-stop production, costing the company ￡100,000 a month, before the plant produced any usable glass. Furthermore, once they succeeded in making marketable flat glass, the machine was turned off for a service to prepare it for years of continuous production. When it started up again it took another four months to get the process right again. They finallysucceeded in 1959 and there are now float plants all over the world, with each able to produce around 1000 tons of glass every day, non-stop for around 15 years.Float plants today make glass of near optical quality. Several processes —melting, refining, homogenising —take place simultaneously in the 2000 tonnes of molten glass in the furnace. They occur in separate zones in a complex glass flow driven by high temperatures. It adds up to a continuous melting process, lasting as long as 50 hours, that delivers glass smoothly and continuously to the float bath, and from there to a coating zone and finally a heat treatment zone, where stresses formed during cooling are relieved.The principle of float glass is unchanged since the 1950s. However, the product has changed dramatically, from a single thickness of 6.8 mm to a range from sub-millimetre to 25 mm, from a ribbon frequently marred by inclusions and bubbles to almost optical perfection. To ensure the highest quality, inspection takes place at every stage. Occasionally, a bubble is not removed during refining, a sand grain refuses to melt, a tremor in the tin puts ripples into the glass ribbon. Automated on-line inspection does two things. Firstly, it reveals process faults upstream that can be corrected. Inspection technology allows more than 100 million measurements a second to be made across the ribbon, locating flaws the unaided eye would be unable to see. Secondly, it enables computers downstream to steer cutters around flaws.Float glass is sold by the square metre, and at the final stage computers translate customer requirements into patterns of cuts designed to minimise waste.Questions 1-8Complete the table and diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.Early methods of producing flat glassMethod Advantages Disadvantages1............Glass remained2........... ? Slow3.............RibbonCould produce glass sheets of varying 4.............non-stop process ? Glass was 5...........20% of glass rubbed awayMachines were expensive图片11Questions 9-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this9 The metal used in the float process had to have specific properties.10 Pilkington invested some of his own money in his float plant.11 Pilkington’s first full-scale plant was an instant commercial success.12 The process invented by Pilkington has now beenimproved.13 Computers are better than humans at detecting faults in glass.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Question 14-17Reading passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B and D-F from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Predicting climatic changesii The relevance of the Little Ice Age todayiii How cities contribute to climate change.iv Human impact on the climatev How past climatic conditions can be determinedvi A growing need for weather recordsvii A study covering a thousand yearsviii People have always responded to climate changeix Enough food at lastExample AnswerParagraph A Viii14 Paragraph BExample AnswerParagraph C V15 Paragraph D16 Paragraph E17 Paragraph FTHE LITTLE ICE AGEA This book will provide a detailed examination of the Little Ice Age and other climatic shifts, but, before I embark on that, let me provide a historical context. We tend to think of climate — as opposed to weather — as something unchanging, yet humanity has been at the mercy of climate change for its entire existence, with at least eight glacial episodes in the past 730,000 years. Our ancestors adapted to the universal but irregular global warming since the end of the last great Ice Age, around 10,000 years ago, with dazzling opportunism. They developed strategies for surviving harsh drought cycles, decades of heavy rainfall or unaccustomed cold; adopted agriculture and stock-raising, which revolutionised human life; and founded the world's first pre-industrial civilisations in Egypt, Mesopotamia and the Americas. But the price of sudden climate change, in famine, disease and suffering, was often high.B The Little Ice Age lasted from roughly 1300 until the middle of the nineteenth century. Only two centuries ago, Europe experienced a cycle of bitterly cold winters; mountain glaciers in the Swiss Alps were the lowest in recorded memory, and pack ice surrounded Iceland for much of the year. The climatic events of the Little Ice Age did more than help shape the modern world. They are the deeply important context for the current unprecedented global warming. The Little Ice Age was far from a deep freeze, however; rather an irregular seesaw of rapid climatic shifts, few lasting more than a quarter-century, driven by complex and still little understood interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean. The seesaw brought cycles of intensely cold winters and easterly winds, then switched abruptly to years of heavy spring and early summer rains, mild winters,and frequent Atlantic storms, or to periods of droughts, light northeasterly winds, and summer heat waves.C Reconstructing the climate changes of the past is extremely difficult, because systematic weather observations began only a few centuries ago, in Europe and North America. Records from India and tropical Africa are even more recent. For the time before records began, we have only 'proxy records' reconstructed largely from tree rings and ice cores, supplemented by a few incomplete written accounts. We now have hundreds of tree-ring records from throughout the northern hemisphere, and many from south of the equator, too, amplified with a growing body of temperature data from ice cores drilled in Antarctica, Greenland, the Peruvian Andes, and other locations, we are close to a knowledge of annual summer and winter temperature variations over much of the northern hemisphere going back 600 years.D This book is a narrative history of climatic shifts during the past ten centuries, and some of the ways in which people in Europe adapted to them. Part One describes the Medieval Warm Period, roughly 900 to 1200. During these three centuries, Norse voyagers from Northern Europe explored northern seas, settled Greenland, and visited North America. It was not a time of uniform warmth, for then, as always since the Great Ice Age, there were constant shifts in rainfall and temperature. Mean European temperatures were about the same as today, perhaps slightly cooler.E It is known that the Little Ice Age cooling began in Greenland and the Arctic in about 1200. As the Arctic ice pack spread southward, Norse voyages to the west were rerouted into the open Atlantic, then ended altogether. Storminess increased in the North Atlantic and North Sea. Colder, much wetter weatherdescended on Europe between 1315 and 1319, when thousands perished in a continent-wide famine. By 1400, the weather had become decidedly more unpredictable and stormier, with sudden shifts and lower temperatures that culminated in the cold decades of the late sixteenth century. Fish were a vital commodity in growing towns and cities, where food supplies were a constant concern. Dried cod and herring were already the staples of the European fish trade, but changes in water temperatures forced fishing fleets to work further offshore. The Basques, Dutch, and English developed the first offshore fishing boats adapted to a colder and stormier Atlantic. A gradual agricultural revolution in northern Europe stemmed from concerns over food supplies at a time of rising populations. The revolution involved intensive commercial farming and the growing of animal fodder on land not previously used for crops. The increased productivity from farmland made some countries self-sufficient in grain and livestock and offered effective protection against famine.F Global temperatures began to rise slowly after 1850, with the beginning of the Modern Warm Period. There was a vast migration from Europe by land-hungry farmers and others, to which the famine caused by the Irish potato blight contributed, to North America, Australia, New Zealand, and southern Africa. Millions of hectares of forest and woodland fell before the newcomers' axes between 1850 and 1890, as intensive European farming methods expanded across the world. The unprecedented land clearance released vast quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, triggering for the first time humanly caused global warming. Temperatures climbed more rapidly in the twentieth century as the use of fossil fuels proliferated and greenhouse gas levels continued to soar. The rise has been even steeper since theearly 1980s. The Little Ice Age has given way to a new climatic regime, marked by prolonged and steady warming. At the same time, extreme weather events like Category 5 hurricanes are becoming more frequent.Questions 18-22Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.Weather during the Little Ice AgeDocumentation of past weather conditions is limited: our main sources of knowledge of conditions in the distant past are 18...........and 19.................. We can deduce that the Little Ice Age was a time of 20.............. , rather than of consistent freezing. Within it there were some periods of very cold winters, other of 21...............and heavy rain, and yet others that saw 22................with no rain at all.A climatic shiftsB ice coresC tree ringsD glaciersE interactionsF weather observationsG heat waves H storms I written accountsQuestions 23-26Classify the following events as occurring during theA Medieval Warm PeriodB Little Ice AgeC Modern Warm PeriodWrite the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.23 Many Europeans started farming abroad.24 The cutting down of trees began to affect the climate.25 Europeans discovered other lands.26 Changes took place in fishing patterns.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.Questions 27-32Reading Passage 3 has six paragraphs, A-F.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi The difficulties of talking about smellsii The role of smell in personal relationshipsiii Future studies into smelliv The relationship between the brain and the nosev The interpretation of smells as a factor in defining groups vi Why our sense of smell is not appreciatedvii Smell is our superior senseviii The relationship between smell and feelings27 paragraph A28 paragraph B29 paragraph C30 paragraph D31 paragraph E32 paragraph FThe meaning and power of smellThe sense of smell, or olfaction, is powerful. Odours affect us on a physical, psychological and social level. For the most part, however, we breathe in the aromas which surround us without being consciously aware of their importance to us. It is only when the faculty of smell is impaired for some reason that we begin torealise the essential role the sense of smell plays in our sense of well-beingA A survey conducted by Anthony Synott at Montreal's Concordia University asked participants to comment on how important smell was to them in their lives. It became apparent that smell can evoke strong emotional responses. A scent associated with a good experience can bring a rush of joy, while a foul odour or one associated with a bad memory may make us grimace with disgust. Respondents to the survey noted that many of their olfactory likes and dislikes were based on emotional associations. Such associations can be powerful enough so that odours that we would generally label unpleasant become agreeable, and those that we would generally consider fragrant become disagreeable for particular individuals. The perception of smell, therefore, consists not only of the sensation of the odours themselves, but of the experiences and emotions associated with them.B Odours are also essential cues in social bonding. One respondent to the survey believed that there is no true emotional bonding without touching and smelling a loved one. In fact, infants recognise the odours of their mothers soon after birth and adults can often identify their children or spouses by scent. In one well-known test, women and men were able to distinguish by smell alone clothing worn by their marriage partners from similar clothing worn by other people. Most of the subjects would probably never have given much thought to odour as a cue for identifying family members before being involved in the test, but as the experiment revealed, even when not consciously considered, smells register.C In spite of its importance to our emotional and sensorylives, smell is probably the most undervalued sense in many cultures. The reason often given for the low regard in which smell is held is that, in comparison with its importance among animals, the human sense of smell is feeble and undeveloped. While it is true that the olfactory powers of humans are nothing like as fine as those possessed by certain animals, they are still remarkably acute. Our noses are able to recognise thousands of smells, and to perceive odours which are present only in extremely small quantities.D Smell, however, is a highly elusive phenomenon. Odours, unlike colours, for instance, cannot be named in many languages because the specific vocabulary simply doesn't exist. ‘It smells like…,’ we have to say when describing an odour, struggling to express our olfactory experience. Nor can odours be recorded: there is no effective way to either capture or store them over time. In the realm of olfaction, we must make do with descriptions and recollections. This has implications for olfactory research.E Most of the research on smell undertaken to date has been of a physical scientific nature. Significant advances have been made in the understanding of the biological and chemical nature of olfaction, but many fundamental questions have yet to be answered. Researchers have still to decide whether smell is one sense or two — one responding to odours proper and the other registering odourless chemicals in the air. Other unanswered questions are whether the nose is the only part of the body affected by odours, and how smells can be measured objectively given the non-physical components. Questions like these mean that interest in the psychology of smell is inevitably set to play an increasingly important role for researchers.F However, smell is not simply a biological and psychologicalphenomenon. Smell is cultural, hence it is a social and historical phenomenon. Odours are invested with cultural values: smells that are considered to be offensive in some cultures may be perfectly acceptable in others. Therefore, our sense of smell is a means of, and model for, interacting with the world. Different smells can provide us with intimate and emotionally charged experiences and the value that we attach to these experiences is interiorised by the members of society in a deeply personal way. Importantly, our commonly held feelings about smells can help distinguish us from other cultures. The study of the cultural history of smell is, therefore, in a very real sense, an investigation into the essence of human culture.Questions 33-36Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 33-36 on your answer sheet.33 According to the introduction, we become aware of the importance of smell whenA we discover a new smell.B we experience a powerful smell.C our ability to smell is damaged.D we are surrounded by odours.34 The experiment described in paragraph BA shows how we make use of smell without realising it.B demonstrates that family members have a similar smell.C proves that a sense of smell is learnt.D compares the sense of smell in males and females.35 What is the write doing in paragraph C?A supporting other researchB making a proposalC rejecting a common beliefD describing limitations36 What does the write suggest about the study of smell in the atmosphere in paragraph E?A The measurement of smell is becoming more accurate.B Researchers believe smell is a purely physical reaction.C Most smells are inoffensive.D Smell is yet to be defined.Questions 37-40Complete the sentences below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.37 Tests have shown that odours can help people recognise the.......... belonging to their husbands and wives.38 Certain linguistic groups may have difficulty describing smell because they lack the appropriate ................ .39 The sense of smell may involve response to................ which do not smell, in addition to obvious odours.40 Odours regarded as unpleasant in certain.................are not regarded as unpleasant in others.剑桥雅思阅读8原文参考译文(test2)PASSAGE 1 参考译文：玻璃板制造：浮法工艺早在美索不达米亚时期和古埃及时期人们就开始制造玻璃，当时制作出的玻璃只不过是沙子、碳酸钠和石灰的混合物而已。
雅思阅读八大考点词「」雅思阅读八大考点词「汇总」导语：雅思阅读各种出题点，万变不离其宗，路标词(Signpost Words)决定一切。
以下是小编为大家精心整理的雅思阅读八大考点词【汇总】，欢迎大家参考！1.并列递进：(段落开头出现这些词，可以判断出这一段以及上一段的主要内容)not only but alsofurtherthennextsubsequentfirstly…..an alternative to this notion is … 对......的替换2.对比转折转折：On the other hand，however, but, nevertheless, nonetheless,让步词：(中文是虽然+但是，英文中只有一个)despite, inspite of, although, though, albeit, even if, even thoughby contrast, by comparison3.相似不同相同: similar, alike, as, resemble, identical不同：different, distinguished, unique, distinctive,unlike,阻止......的大规模消失=实现多样性：species diversity,linguistic variety, 万花筒：kaleidoscope ，multiplicity 多样性, multifaceted 多面性我们要拯救语言，不让其消失。
we should save the languages.we should prevent languages from extinction.We should achieve the linguistic diversity.段落开头出现下列词汇，表示解决方案：Initiative, solution, suggestion=proposal, way=approaches=method, find the access to the answers/solutions,4.序列词开始：start, begin, initial=initiate=initiation, unfold, commencement, carry out暂停：stop, pause, balk at, cease, turn off,继续：continue, go on, move on, carry on, subsequently最后：last, finally, end, conclusion, consequently5. 强调结构转折为强调否定结构：not, never, none, seldom (几乎不)little, few否定，不I have few mistakes in this action, 在这次行动中我机会没有犯错。
剑桥雅思八test 2 passage 2核心词汇providevt.& vi. 提供，供给，供应vt. 规定；提供(+for)；装备；预备vi. 抚养，赡养(+for)；做准备；预约(for 或against)detailedadj. 详细的，明细的；精细的；复杂的；详尽的v. 详细说明(detail的过去分词)examinationn. 检查；考试；询问，审问climatic shift = climate change气候变化embarkvi. 上飞机，上船；着手，从事vt. 使…上船或飞机；使从事，使着手；投资于historicaladj. 历史的，历史上的；有关历史研究的；有根据的；基于史实的contextn. 上下文；背景；环境；语境tend to倾向于think of考虑；想起；有…想法；对…有意见认为climaten. 气候；水土，风土；（社会思想等的）趋势，倾向；思潮opposevt.& vi. 反对，抗争；使相对；使对照；抵制weathern. 天气，气象；暴风雨vt.& vi. 晒干，风化vt. 平安渡过，挨过；[地]使风化unchangingadj. 不变的，恒常的humanityn. 人类；人性；人道；人文学科at the mercy of任…摆布，在…前毫无办法mercyn. 宽容；怜悯；幸运；侥幸entireadj. 全部的；整个的；全体的；囫囵existencen. 存在，实在；生活，生活方式；实体，存在物glacialadj. <地>冰的，冰河[川]的；冰河期的；极冷的episoden. 插曲，片断；插话；一集ancestorn. 祖先，祖宗；被继承人；原型；（动物的）原种，先祖adaptvi. 适应于，适应不同情况（或环境）(to) vt. 改编，改写；改变…以适合(for)universaladj. 普遍的，一般的；通用的，万能的；全世界的；宇宙的n. [逻辑学]全称命题；[哲学]一般概念；一般性irregularadj. 不规则的，不对称的；无规律的；不合规范的，不合法的；不规则变化的n. 非正规军军人；不规则物；不合规格的产品globaladj. 全球的，全球性的，有关全球大局的；全面的，整体的，全局的；球形的，球状的，球面的，球体的；[计]全程的warmingadj. （比赛前的）准备动作的，热身的n. 加温，升温v. （使）变暖，被加热，暖和起来( warm 的现在分词)；（使）变得更友好，变得更可爱dazzlingadj. 耀眼的，光彩夺目的；灿烂的v. （使）眼花(dazzle的ing形式)opportunismn. <贬>机会主义，投机取巧strategiesn. 策略( strategy的名词复数)；战略；战略学；对策survivingadj. 继续存在的，未死的，依然健在的v. 幸存，活下来( survive的现在分词)；比…活得长，经历…之后还存在；幸免于难；挺过harshadj. 粗糙的；刺耳的；严厉的，严格的；残酷的droughtn. 干旱（时期），旱季；旱灾；（长期的）缺乏；枯竭cyclen. 循环，周期；自行车；时代，一段时间；整套vi. 周而复始，循环；骑自行车；轮转vt. 运转，循环；使轮转decaden. 十年，十年间；十个一组；十年期rainfalln. 阵雨，降雨；降雨量unaccustomedadj. 不习惯的；不寻常的；奇怪的；不熟悉的adoptvt. 采用，采取，采纳；收养；正式接受，接受；批准agriculturen. 农业；农耕；农业生产；农学stock-raising养殖牲畜revolutionized (sed)v. 使彻底变革( revolutionize的过去式和过去分词)foundvt. 创办，成立，建立v. 发现( find的过去式)；找到；到达；发觉pre-industrialadj. 工业化前的；未工业化的civilizationn. 文明，文化；开化，教化；修养；文明社会Egyptn. 埃及Mesopotamian. 美索不达米亚（西南亚地区）[地名] [希腊] 美索不达米亚；[地名] [伊拉克·叙利亚] 美索不达米亚（地区）America美洲pricen. 价格，价钱；代价；价值；赏金vt. 标价；定价；问…的价格；给…定价suddenadj. 突然的，未预见到的；急躁的，仓促的；快的，迅速的；急剧faminen. 饥荒；饥饿；极度缺乏diseasen. 疾病；弊端；不安vt. 传染；使…有病sufferingn. 受苦，遭难；苦楚，苦难；令人痛苦的事v. 受苦(suffer的现在分词)；蒙受adj. 受苦的；患病的experiencen. 经验，体验；经历，阅历vt. 亲身参与，亲身经历；感受；发现bitterlyadv. 苦涩地；痛苦地；不痛快地；残酷地mountainn. 山，山岳；山脉；一大堆；大量glaciern. 冰河，冰川recodedv. 记录，录音，拍摄( record的过去式和过去分词)；标明；发表正式（或法律方面的）声明；演奏音乐供录制memoryn. 记忆，记忆力；回忆，往事；[计]存储器，内存packn. 一群；包裹；（纸牌的）一副；一组vt.& vi. （把…）打包；塞进；拥进；（使）聚集成团vt. 挑选；压紧；携带；拧紧vi. 包装；紧挤在一起；便于折叠收藏的；匆忙离去（有时与off 连用）surroundedadj. （后面与by,with连用）被…环绕着的v. 包围( surround的过去式和过去分词)；与…紧密相关；围绕；喜欢结交（某类人）more than不只是；很；超过；在…次以上shapen. 形状；模型；状态；身材vt. 塑造；使符合；体现vi. 使成形；形成modernadj. 现代的；近代的；新式的；当代风格的n. 现代人，现代主义者；时髦人士；[印]现代字体，指印刷中所用的一种字体currentadj. 现在的；最近的；流行的；流传的n. 趋势；电流；水流；涌流unprecedentedadj. 前所未有的，无前例的；空前的；无比的；新奇的，崭新的freezevt. 使结冰，使冻僵；冷藏；吓呆；冻结（存款，工资等）vi. 凝固，结冰；冻伤，冻死n. 冻结；严寒时期seesawn. 跷跷板，上下动adj. 前后动的，交互的vt. 使上下（来回）摇动vi. 玩跷跷板，上下（来回）摇动rapidadj. 快速的；[摄]感光快的；险峻的n. 急流；高速交通工具，高速交通网v. 驾驶；开车；驱动；迫使n. 驱车旅行；驱动力；车道；驱动器complexadj. 复杂的；合成的n. 复杂；合成体；[数学]复数interactionn. 一起活动；合作；互相影响；互动atmospheren. 大气，空气；大气层；风格，基调；气氛broughtv. 带来( bring的过去式和过去分词)；促使；提供；使朝（某方向或按某方式）移动intenselyadv. 强烈地；极度；剧烈地easterlyadj.& adv. 东方的（地），东部的（地）；（指风）从东吹来的（地）switchn. 开关；转换，转换器；软鞭子；[信]接线台vt.& vi. 转变，改变；转换；关闭电流；鞭打vt. 转换；挥动（棍棒、鞭子等）；迅速转动；鞭打vi. 交换；调换abruptlyadv. 突然地；意外地；（言谈举止）唐突地；<地质>陡起地frequentadj. 频繁的，时常发生的，常见的；（脉搏等）急促的，快的[friˈkwent] vt. 常到，光顾，常与…交往；常去，时常出入于Atlantic在大西洋里的，近大西洋的(the Atlantic)大西洋[地名] [美国] 大西洋城stormn. 暴风雨，暴风雪；[军]猛攻，冲击；骚乱；动荡vi. 起风暴，下暴雨；猛冲；暴怒vt. 袭击，猛攻；暴怒，怒骂；大力迅速攻占periodn. 时期；（一段）时间；学时；句号adj. 具有某个时代特征的；（关于）过去某一特定历史时期的；（家具、服饰、建筑等）某一时代的n. 波浪，波动；挥手；涌现的人（或事物）；汹涌的行动（或思想）态势vi. 摇摆，起伏vt.& vi. （一端固定地）飘扬；挥手指引；挥动…示意；略呈波形vt. 挥手表示；挥舞；使…略呈波形；烫（发）reconstructingv. 重建( reconstruct的现在分词)；重现，重整extremelyadv. 极端地；非常，很；去；绝systematicadj. 有系统的，有规则的；有条不紊的；有步骤的；一贯的，惯常的observationn. 观察；观察力；注意；观察报告tropicaladj.热带的；炎热的；热情的recentadj. 最近的；新近的；近代的；[地]全新世的proxyn. 代表权；代理人，代替物；委托书；代理服务器reconstructedadj. 重建的，改造的v. 重建( reconstruct的过去式和过去分词)；重现，重整tree ringn. 树木的年轮ice coren .冰芯在冰川、冰原上所钻取的冰体岩芯。
目录剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test2Passage1 (2)剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test2Passage2 (6)剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test2Passage3 (9)剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test2Passage1 体裁：说明文主要内容：平板玻璃的制造发展历史。
结构：第 1 段 :最早的平板玻璃制作方法 :抽丝法。
第 2 段 :持续制造平板玻璃的另一种方法 :带状法。
第 3 段 :浮法玻璃制造法。
第 4 段 :浮法玻璃制造过程。
第 5 段 :浮法玻璃制造方法投入生产终至成功。
第 6 段 :浮法玻璃制造过程在现代得到改进。
第 7 段 :现代技术在生产过程的应用,产品质量大大提高。
第 8 段 :浮法玻璃切割由技术控制。
名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：Questions 1-5 ●题型归类 :Table名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：Questions 6-8 ●题型归类 :Diagram名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：题目解析 可先通过图中的 cooling zone 一词定位至文章第四段倒数第 4 行。
名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：考题解析Questions 9-13●题型归类 :TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 此题型可先看题目,将其中关键词划出,回到文章查找相关信息。
如果关键词只进行了同义替换,而逻辑未发生改变,则句子为 TRUE ;如果关键词中有一个词性质错误或者意义相反, 则为 FALSE ;如果关键词有一个消失,则为 NOT GIVEN。
名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：题目解析名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：玻璃片的生产 :浮法工艺玻璃是由沙子、苏打灰和石灰混合而成的,而且玻璃制造从美索不达米亚人和埃及人时期就已经开始了。
玻璃加热到 1500 摄氏度(°C)左右时变成了熔融体,慢慢冷却后就硬化了。
制成透明平板玻璃的第一个成功方法包括了旋转。
这种方法效果非常好,因为玻璃在软化和硬化的过程中没有接触任何外表,所以在火抛光时也毫无瑕疵。
智课网IELTS备考资料剑桥雅思阅读高频词汇汇总摘要：雅思备考很多考生都是闷头做题，而忽略了基础知识的巩固，为了补足考生们在这方面的缺陷，小编下面为大家带来了剑桥雅思阅读高频词汇汇总，希望大家可以认真学习。
雅思词汇是最基础的知识，但也是最重要的，没有一定的词汇积累量，雅思很难取得好成绩，尤其是对于雅思阅读这类阅读量比较大的考试，影响更明显，为了帮助大家提高词汇量，小编下面分享下剑桥雅思阅读高频词汇汇总，供大家学习参考。
63-64词汇必背词汇1. systematic adj. 有系统的，有条不紊的，有规则的The teacher made a systematic work of teaching. 这个教师进行系统的教学工作。
The way he works isn't very systematic. 他的工作不是很有条理。
2. deteriorate v. 使恶化，变坏There are fears that the situation might deteriorate into full-scale war. 人们担心形势可能恶化而演变成一场全面战争。
This food will deteriorate rapidly on contact with air. 这种食物一接触到空气即迅速变坏。
3. criticize v. 批评，挑剔，分析The minister criticized the police for failing to come up with any leads. 部长批评警方没能找到任何线索。
He's always prompt to criticize other people's ideas. 他对别人想出的主意总是迫不及待地进行评价。
4. aptitude n. 才能，资质，天资Some students have more aptitude for academic work than others. 一些学生比其他学生更有学术才能。
J8T11 A CHRONICLE OF TIMEKEEPING 基础词汇:1.conception 概念2.concept 概念3.theory 理论4.hypothesis 假设5.depend on 依赖于6.dependent 依赖的7.dependency 依赖8.rely on 依赖于9.reliance 依赖10.lie in 在于11.measure 测量12.calculate 计算13.count 计数14.gauge 测量15.introduce 引进16.calendar 日历17.harvest 收获18.solar 太阳的19.lunar 月亮的20.phase 月相21.influence vt.影响n影响22.crucial 至关重要的23.chart 图表24.add 增加25.mark n.记号vt.做记号26.heaven 天空27.adopt 采取28.basin 盆29.device 装置30.devise 设计31.adjust 调整32.revolutionary 革命的33.aspect 方面34.motive force 推动的力量35.motion 移动36.gear wheel 齿轮37.spring 弹簧38.tension 张力39.anchor 锚40.release 释放41.in turn 转而42.precise 精确的43.precision 精确44.accurate 精确的45.accuracy 精确47.permit 允许48.permission49.arc 弧度50.instrument 仪器51.regulate 规定52.navigation53.navigate 导航进阶词汇：1.chronicle 编年史2.chronic 慢性的3.archaeology 考古学4.archaeological 考古学的5.the advent of …的降临6.coordinate 协调munal 团体的munity 团体9.successive 连续的10.rotate 旋转11.axis 轴12.orbit 轨道13.artificial 人工的14.equator 赤道15.conspicuous 引人注目的titude 维度17.clime 地区18.practise 从事19.formulate 规划20.municipal 市政的21.cosmic 宇宙的22.interval 间隔23.duration 持续24.track 追踪25.indicate 指出26.counterpart 相似的对应物/人27.denote 指出28.freeze 冻结29.mechanical 机械的30.mechanism 机制31.scheme 计划mence 开始33.address vt.着手处理34.integral 完整的35.integrate 使…完整36.geography 地理37.simultaneous 同时的38.half – halves(复数)J8T12 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL THE USA 基础词汇：1.accident事故2.disaster 灾难3.occur 出现4.establish 建立5.establishment6.operation 操作7.operate8.safety 安全9.procedure 步骤10.be in place 在合适的位置11.exist 存在12.existence13.visual 视觉的14.visibility 能见度15.vision 视觉16.bring about 带来17.create 创造18.creation19.creativity 创造性20.reduce 降低21.consist of 包含22.realize 意识到23.purpose 目的24.meet 满足25.challenge 挑战26.challenging 挑战的27.element 要素28.entire 全部的29.apply 应用30.pilot 飞行员31.impose 强加32.altitude 高度33.possess 控制34.alphabet 字母表35.realm 领域36.license vt.许可n许可证37.radio contact 无线电联系38.obey 遵守39.disobey 不遵守进阶词汇：1.oversee 监督2.congest 阻塞3.congestion4.rudimentary 未发展的6.route 路线7.approximate 近似8.approximately9.metropolis 都市= big city10.metropolitan 都市的11.fortuitous 偶然的12.coincidental 巧合的13.coincidence14.margin of error 错误的余地15.incomplete 不完整的16.oversimplify 过于简单化17.accommodate 调解18.put into effect 使…生效19.blanket vt.覆盖n.毛毯20.recreation 娱乐21.weather 天气22.meteorology 气象学23.meteorological24.cue 提示25.necessitate 使…成为必须26.stem from 源于27.that is, … 即，…ern 控制29.correspond 通信30.encompass 包含31.rigorous 严格的32.explicit 清楚的33.aviation 航空34.category 种类35.prompt vt. 促进3 TELEPATHY基础词汇：municate 通讯2.divide 划分3.academic 学者4.colleague 同事5.skeptical = skeptical 怀疑的6.skeptic = sceptic 怀疑论者7.suspect 怀疑8.claim 声称9.rigorous 严格的10.implication 暗示11.implypelling 引人注目的13.genuine 真的14.advocate 支持者15.faint 微弱的16.signal 信号17.detect 探测18.detection19.relax 放松20.choose –(done) chosen= pick out21.attempt to do 尝试去做22.session = section23.identify 识别24.identification25.statistics 统计学26.statistical 统计学的27.reveal 揭露28.technique 技术29.involve 包含30.involvementck of 缺少32.individual 个体的33.sample 样本34.apparent 明显的35.attitude 态度36.mainstream 主流的37.apart 遥远进阶词汇：1.spark 发动2.controversy 争论3.risk vt.冒…风险4.constitute 组成5.concur 同意6.tranquility 宁静7.participate 参与9.seal 密封10.random 随机的11.flaw 缺点12.overlook 忽略13.rule out 把…排除14.range from A to B （=such as 举例用）范围包括A到B15.issue 发布16.switch to 转向17.automate 自动化18.variant 变体（来自vary）19.minimize 最小化（=limit）20.impressive 印象深刻的21.disturb 打扰22.consistency 一致性23.consistent 一致的24.defend 防护25.defender = advocatebine 联合27.reject 拒绝28.plausible 貌似合理的J8T21 SHEET GLASS MANUFACTURE:THE FLOAT PROCESS 基础词汇：1.manufacture 制造2.process 过程3.float 漂浮4.harden 变硬5.method 方法6.flat 平的7.involve 包括8.stay 保持9.nevertheless 虽然如此10.demand 需求11.look for 寻找12.thickness 厚度13.experiment 做实验14.melt (molten) 融化15.horizon 地平线16.horizontal 水平的17.transport 运输18.zone 区域19.coincidence 巧合20.plant 工厂21.cost vt.话费22.turn off 关闭23.prepare 准备24.quality 质量25.refine 提炼26.simultaneously 同时地plex 复杂的28.deliver=send 传递29.form vt. 形成30.bubble 气泡31.ensure 确保32.remove 移除33.upstream 上游34.downstream 下游35.correct vt.改正36.locate vt.定位进阶词汇：1.be little more than仅仅是2.mixture 混合物3.mix 混合4.heat vt.加热bour intensive劳动密集型6.grind(ground) 磨碎7.gravity 重力9.pour 倾倒10.parallel 与…平行11.surface tension 表面张力12.convince 说服13.optical 光学的14.principle 原理15.inspection16.inspect 审查17.automate 自动化18.automation19.reveal 揭露20.fault 缺陷21.flaw 缺陷22.property 性质23.instant 立即的mercial 商业的merce 商业2 THE LITTLE ICE AGE基础词汇：1.shift n/vt.改变2.universal 普遍的3.strategy 战略4.survive 幸存5.adopt 采取6.sudden 突然的st vt持续8.glacier 冰山9.surround 包围10.rapid 迅速的11.systematic 系统的12.incomplete 不完整的13.account 账目14.drill 钻孔15.narrative 叙事的16.describe 描述17.description18.explore 探索19.exploration20.settle 定居21.spread vt. 传播22.concern 关心23.gradual 逐渐的24.stem from 起源于25.crop 庄稼26.grain 粮食27.stock 家禽/股票28.livestock 家禽29.globe 地球30.global 全球的31.globalization 全球化32.migration 移民33.migrate34.ax (复数axes) 斧子35.vast 广阔的36.clearance 清除(remove)37.quantity 数量38.quantify 定量39.atmosphere 大气40.greenhouse gas 温室气体41.prolong 延长42.frequent 频繁的进阶词汇：1.relevance 关联2.determine 决定4.context 语境5.mercy 仁慈6.irregular 不规则的7.harsh 严酷的8.drought 干旱9.accustomed 习惯的10.unaccustomed 不习惯的11.revolution 革命12.revolutionize 发动革命13.famine 饥荒14.unprecedented 史无前例的15.rather 更确切的说（肯定后面）16.seesaw 跷跷板17.switch (=shift) 转换d 温和的19.reconstruct 重建20.supplement 补充21.amplify 放大22.ample 丰富的23.hemisphere 半球24.Arctic 北极25.Antarctic 南极26.voyage 航行27.descend 下降28.predict 预测29.predictable 可预测的30.culminate 达到顶点31.vital 至关重要的modity 商品33.fleet 舰队34.self-sufficient 自给自足的35.sufficient 足够的36.deficient 不足的37.release 释放38.trigger 引起39.fossil fuel 化石燃料40.proliferate 激增41.soar 高飞42.give way to 让位于3 THE MEANING AND POWER OF SMELL 基础词汇：1.physical 身体的2.psychological 心理的3.be aware of 意识到4.essential 必要的5.essence 本质6.role 角色7.emotional 情绪的8.emotion9.response n.回答10.respond vt.回答11.respondent 应答者12.perception n.感知13.perceive vt.感知14.cue 线索15.in spite of 尽管16.regard 注意17.in comparison with 同…比较18.possess 控制19.phenomenon 现象20.vocabulary 词汇21.struggle (to do) 挣扎（去做某事）22.express 表达23.store 储存24.given 鉴于25.consider 认为进阶词汇：1.odour 气味2.odourless 无气味的3.scent 气味4.faculty 能力5.impair 损害6.well-being 健康ment 评论8.evoke 唤起9.foul 恶臭10.association 关联11.associated with 与…有关12.disgust 厌恶bel vt.贴标签14.bonding 连接15.infant 婴儿16.identify 识别17.register 注册18.undervalue 低估19.feeble 微弱的21.elusive 难懂的22.make do with 勉强对付23.fundamental 基本的ponent 成分25.is set to do 被设定去做…26.offensive 冒犯的27.offence 冒犯28.distinguish 区分29.proposal 提议30.spouse 配偶31.interpretation 解释32.interpret 解释33.appreciate 欣赏34.superior 优越的J8T31 STRIKING BACK AT LIGHTING WITH LASERS 基础词汇:1.strike vt.打2.striking 惊人的ser 激光4.injure vt.伤害5.injury n伤害6.power 电力7.inviting 诱人的8.target 目标9.strategy 战略10.heaven 天空11.trail n.尾部vt.拖12.wire 电线13.electric charge 电荷14.fund vt.投资n.资金15.back vt.支持mand vt/n. 指挥17.requirement 要求18.require vt要求19.extract 提取20.atom 原子21.electron 电子22.direct vt.指挥23.attract 吸引24.attractive 吸引人的25.field test 现场试验26.forecast 预测27.confront 面对进阶词汇：1.seldom adv.很少2.inflict 使遭受3.lighting bolt 闪电柱4.property 性质；财产5.trial 试验6.discharge 释放7.power grid 电网8.frequency 频率9.trigger 引起10.generate 发生11.populated 人口密集的12.population 人口13.promising 有希望的14.emerge 出现15.portable 便携的16.stumbling block 绊脚石18.turning point 转折点19.meteorology 气象学20.meteorological21.meteorologist 气象学家22.obtain 获得2 THE NATURE OF GENIUS基础词汇：1.genius 天才2.gene 基因3.gift 礼物；天赋4.gifted 有天赋的5.talented 有才华的6.intellectual 知识分子（贬义）7.intelligent 智慧的8.attitude 态度9.mistrust 不信任10.mythology 神话11.madness 疯狂12.race 种族13.recognize 认出14.reward vt.奖励15.significant 重要的16.aspect 方面17.exception 例外18.except 把…排除19.exceptional 例外的；杰出的20.infant mortality 婴儿死亡率21.mortal 终有一死的22.life expectancy 预期寿命23.tutor n.家教vt.辅导24.mist 雾25.term 术语26.achievement 成就27.achieve 达成28.direction 方向29.determine 决定30.determination31.appreciate 感激32.demonstrate 证明33.fabric 织物进阶词汇：1.be concerned with 涉及2.attribute vt.把…归于n属性3.derive from 源自4.characteristics 特性5.ambivalent 矛盾的6.envy 嫉妒7.defective 有缺陷的8.impractical 不切实际的9.eccentric 古怪的10.adversity 逆境11.discouragement 挫折13.deny 否认14.fascinating 吸引人的15.collate 核对16.take into account 考虑17.privileged 有特权的18.objective 客观的19.objectivity 客观性20.peak 顶峰21.observe 观察22.manifest adj明显的vt.显示23.manifestation24.superior 出众的25.minimize 最小化26.supremacy 霸权27.outstrip 超过28.persevere 坚持29.perseverance 坚持30.dedication n.献身31.dedicate v.献身32.restriction n.限制33.restrict vt.限制34.limit vt.限制35.limitation n.限制36.preserve 保存37.exhaust 耗尽38.inherit 继承39.reveal 显示40.unique 独特的41.uniqueness 独特性42.excellent 卓越的43.excellence 卓越44.essence 本质45.lessen 减轻3 HOW DOES THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK TICK?基础词汇：1.obvious 明显的2.state 声明3.statement 声明4.be subjected to 经受5.object 物体；目标6.at least 至少7.as long as 只要8.renew 更新9.destruction 破坏10.destruct 破坏11.construct 建设12.substance 物质13.repair 修理14.adapt 适应15.adaptation16.optimal 最佳的17.evolution n.进化18.evolve vt.进化19.species 物种20.exist 存在21.existence n.存在22.reduce 减少23.reduction n.减少24.drop n/vt. 下降25.consumption 消耗26.consume vt.消耗27.extend 延伸28.relax 放松29.relaxation n.放松进阶词汇：1.stable 稳定的2.unstable 不稳定的3.fundamental 基础的4.life span 寿命5.artificial 人工的anism 有机物7.static 静态的8.dynamic 动态的9.constitute 构成10.permanent 永久的11.inexorable 无法改变的12.inevitable 不可避免的13.equilibrium 均衡14.possess 拥有15.possession 拥有；财产17.immortal 不死的18.mortal 终有一死的19.disturb 打扰；使不安20.constant 不变的21.propose vt.建议22.proposal n.建议23.pose a problem 造成问题24.internal 内部的25.external 外部的26.metabolic 新陈代谢的27.metabolism 新陈代谢28.valid 有效的29.hibernate 冬眠30.hibernation31.prolong 延长32.mutation 变异J8T41 LAND OF THE RISING SUM基础词汇：1.record 记录2.in terms of 在…方面3.average 平均的pare 比较parison n.比较6.proportion 比例7.percentage 百分比8.score 分数9.reflect 反映10.achieve 达到11.achievement 成就12.address 演讲13.bowing 鞠躬14.considerable 可观的15.identity 身份16.attend 上（学，课）17.neighbourhood n.附近一带18.remove 移除petition n.竞争pete vt.竞争petitive adj.竞争的22.form vt.形成23.introduce 引进，介绍24.bring(brought) up 养育25.besides 此外，除…之外26.curriculum 课程27.deliver 传递28.pattern 模式29.solution 解决方案30.mark vt.打分数31.mix 混合32.mixture 混合物33.individual adj个人的n个人34.extra 额外的35.struggle 挣扎36.struggler 奋斗者37.assist vt.帮助38.assistance39.seek 寻找40.progress 进步41.scarcely 几乎不42.adequate 足够的43.keep up (with sb) 保持44.attitude (towards sth) （对某人的）态度45.value vt.评价47.schooling 学校教育48.accuracy 精确性49.accurate 精确的50.correct 正确的51.precise 精确的52.relevant 相关的53.positive 积极的54.negative 消极的55.unfair 不公平的进阶词汇：1.attain 达到2.attainment 成就3.variation 变化，变异4.variety 多变5.vary vt.变化6.consistent 始终如一的7.virtually 几乎8.mutual 相互的9.concentrate (on) 集中（于）10.concentration11.loyalty 忠诚12.ranking 等级13.demonstrate 证明14.authority 权威，当局pulsory education （义务）强制教育16.be keen to do sth 渴望做某事17.accessible 可理解的ment 评价19.elaborate 详细描述20.mind vt. 介意21.repeat 重复22.repetition23.supplementary 补充的24.distribute 分发prehensive 综合的，全面的26.render 使…（=make）27.cope 对付28.foster 培养29.in one’s interest 符合某人的利益30.tuition 学费，教学31.tutor 家教32.emphasis n./vt. 强调33.range 范围34.concerning 关于（=about）35.typical 典型的36.format 格式37.expenditure 花费2 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS基础词汇：1.continuous 连续的2.chemical 化学品3.pest 害虫4.pesticide 杀虫剂5.insecticide 杀虫剂6.pose a threat to sth 威胁某事/某人7.crop 庄稼8.prove 证明9.spread vt.传播10.widespread 分布广的11.ecology 生态学12.ecological 生态学的13.ecosystem 生态系统14.disorder 混乱15.imbalance 不平衡16.contribute (to sth) 导致（某事）17.species 物种18.application 应用19.apply vt.应用20.target n.目标vt.把…作为目标21.tremendous 极大的22.offspring 后代23.built-in 内置的24.innate 与生俱来的25.take to 开始喜欢26.measure n.措施vt.测量27.outbreak vt./n. 爆发28.account for 对…负有责任29.invasion30.invade vt.入侵31.property 属性；财产32.strategy 战略33.involve 包含34.popularity 名气35.potential 潜质36.in contrast to 与…形成对比37.provide 提供38.handle 处理mercial 商业的40.agency 代理商41.predator 捕食者42.weed 野草43.attack 攻击44.prey (on) 捕食45.feed 喂养46.plague n.瘟疫vt.使得瘟疫47.beetle 甲虫48.free vt.使自由49.infest 感染进阶词汇：1.reckless 不顾后果的2.synthetic 人工的3.counter-productive 产生相反效果的4.productive 多产的5.engender 产生6.emergence7.emerge 浮现8.breed n.种类vt.繁殖9.lethal 致命的10.resistance 抵抗力11.resistant 抵抗的12.resist 抵抗13.immune 免疫的14.wipe out 彻底摧毁15.keep sth in check 约束某物16.withstand 抵抗17.bear vt.生育18.havoc 浩劫19.bring about 带来20.illustrate 阐明21.boost 促进22.yield 收益23.proliferate 激增24.proliferation25.necessitate 需要26.outlay 支出27.be pushed to the wall 走投无路28.mutation 变异29.adverse 不利的30.peril 危险31.indiscriminate 不加区别的32.discriminate vt.歧视33.sound adj 合理的34.perpetual 不断的35.minimum 最小值36.minimize 最小化37.side-effect 副作用38.engage in 从事于39.parasite 寄生虫40.exert (influence on sb/sth) 施加（影响于某人/某物）41.eradicate 根除42.eradication43.devour 吞食44.respond to 相应45.entail 需要3 COLLECTING ANT SPECIMENS 基础词汇：1.collect 收集2.collective 集体的3.collection n.收集4.as… as 与…一样plicated 复杂的6.survey 调查7.estimate 估计8.relative 相对的9.abundance 充裕10.abundant 充裕的11.purpose 目的12.series 系列13.contain 包含14.container 容器，集装箱15.desirable 想要的16.desire n.欲望vt.想要17.determination 决心；测定18.determine 决定19.overlook 忽略20.reduce 降低21.ensure 确保22.plastic 塑料的23.tube 管24.situate 放置25.place vt.放置26.spot 发现yer 层28.extract 提取29.heat n.高温vt.加热30.alcohol 酒精31.coarse 粗糙的32.as 因为33.minimal 最低的34.minimum进阶词汇：1.specimen 标本2.exhaustive 详尽的3.exhaust 彻底探讨；耗尽4.classify 分类5.classification6.nest 巢7.caste 社会地位8.identifiable 可辨认的patible 能兼容的10.in favour of 支持11.investigate 调查12.investigation13.consist of 由…组成14.forage 搜寻（粮食）15.forager16.column 纵队17.nocturnal 夜间的18.be confined to 限制19.sting 叮咬20.bait 诱饵21.elusive 难以捉住的22.utilize 利用23.debris 碎片24.screen vt.筛选n.筛子，屏幕25.preservative 防腐剂26.diameter 直径27.preference 偏爱28.evaporate 蒸发29.maintenance 维护30.encounter 遭遇31.criterion 标准。
雅思阅读考试⾼频词汇⼀览表 对于雅思阅读，词汇的积累对于很多同学来说是不可缺少的，那么下⾯就和店铺⼀起来看看雅思阅读考试⾼频词汇⼀览表。
prey n. 被掠⾷者，牺牲者 vi. 捕⾷，掠夺，使...苦恼 obstacle n. 障碍，绊脚⽯ insect n. 昆⾍ prey on 捕⾷，掠夺，庇护 given that 假定，已知，考虑到 exploit n. 功绩，勋绩 vt.&vi. 开发，利⽤，开拓 make a go of 使成功，相处得好 nocturnal adj. 夜的 n. 夜间时刻测定器 way back ⽼早就，很久以前 ancestry n. 祖先，家世，门第 trade n. 贸易，商业，交易，⾏业，同⾏，⼿⼯艺，主顾，（复数）信风 vi. 做⽣意，购物，交换 vt. ⽤某物交换，做买卖adj. 商业的，专业性的，同⾏的 mammal n. 哺乳动物 mammalian n. 哺乳动物 adj. 哺乳动物的 scrape a living 勉强够维持⽣活 somehow adv. 不知怎么地，以某种⽅式 obstruct v. 阻隔，妨碍，阻塞 scatter n. 散布，零星少量 vt. 驱散，散播 vi. 分散，消散 maneuver n. 演习，调遣，策略 vt. 调遣，演习，巧妙地操纵 vi. 调遣，演习，⽤计策 lantern n. 灯笼， [建筑学]天窗，屋顶⽓窗 searchlight n. 探照灯，探照灯光，⼿电 firefly n. 萤⽕⾍ solution n. 解答，解决办法，溶解，溶液 prohibitive adj. 禁⽌的，抑制的，（价格等）过⾼的 pinprick n. 针刺，⼩烦恼 vt. 刺孔于 expose vt. 暴露，揭穿，使遭受（危险或不快） detect vt. 发现，探测信息，侦查 vi. 当侦探 fraction n. 分数，⼩部分，破⽚ bounce off 从 ... 弹跳出来，从 ... 弹回，试探 illuminate vt. 照明，阐释，说明 headlight n. 前灯，桅灯 immense adj. 巨⼤的，⼴⼤的，⾮常好的 in any event 不管怎样，⽆论如何 apart from adj. 离开（除了...之外，缺少，除...以外，且不说） uncanny adj. 神秘的，不可思议的 vision n. 视觉，先见之明，光景，视⼒，眼⼒，幻想，影像 vt. 幻想 tricycle n. 三轮车 limb n. 树枝，四肢，枝⼲，边缘 vt. 切断⼿⾜，切断树⼲ echo n. 回声，回⾳，回波，反响，共鸣 vt. 发回声，回响，重复，仿效 vi. 回响，回荡 n.[计算机] DOS命令：禁⽌（或允许）批处理命令⾏显⽰屏幕上 presence n. 出席，在场者，举⽌ submarine n. 潜⽔艇 adj. ⽔底的，海底的 vt. ⽤潜艇袭击 vi. 滑⼊...底下 adapt vt. 使适应，改编 vi. 适应，适合 feat n. 壮举，功绩，技艺表演 navigation n. 航⾏，航海，导航 coin n. 硬币，⾦钱，货币 vt. 制造钱币，创造 adj. 与硬币有关的 sonar n. 声纳，声波定位器 entwine v. （使）缠绕，（使）交织 twine n. 线 v. 缠绕，捻 manipulate v. 操纵，利⽤，假造 [计算机] 操作 expand vt. 增加，详述，扩展，使...膨胀 vi. 扩展，增加，详述 sophisticated adj. 复杂的；精致的；久经世故的；富有经验的 v. 使变得世故；使迷惑；篡改（sophisticate的过去分词形式） aqueduct n. [建]⾼架渠，渡槽，[解]导管 innovative adj. ⾰新的，创新的 at the height of 达最⾼点，在最旺盛时，处在 ... 的最巅峰 sewer n. 下⽔道，阴沟，裁缝师 layout n. 布局，安排，设计 occupant n. 占有者，拥有者，占领者，居住者 revolution n. ⾰命，旋转，转数 dramatically adv.戏剧地，引⼈注⽬地 unprecedented adj. 空前的，前所未有的 monumental adj. 纪念碑的，作为纪念的，不朽的 monument n. 纪念碑，历史遗迹 hydropower n. ⽔⼒发电 soar n. ⾼扬 vi. 往上飞舞，⾼耸，滑翔 artificial adj. ⼈造的，虚伪的，武断的 irrigation n. 灌溉 turbine n. 涡轮 spin n. 旋转，疾驰 v. 纺织，旋转，拉长 access n.⼊⼝，出⼝；接近，进⼊；增长；爆发 vt.接近，进⼊；使⽤，接近，获取 drinking water n. 饮⽤⽔ sanitation n. 环境卫⽣（卫⽣设备，下⽔道设备） adequate adj. ⾜够的，充⾜的，适当的，能胜任的 preventable adj. 可防⽌的，可预防的 jeopardize vt. 危害，使受危困，使陷危地 compensation n. 补偿，赔偿；赔偿⾦，物 make way for 为 ... 让路，为 ... 腾出地⽅ reservoir n. ⽔库，蓄⽔池，积蓄，储藏 thrive vi. 兴旺，繁荣 degrade vt. 贬低；使……丢脸；使……降级；使……降解 vi. 降级，降低；退化 aquifer n. 含⽔⼟层（含⽔量⾜以成为井⽔或泉⽔） resort n. （渡假）胜地，⼿段，凭借 vi. 诉诸，常去 replenish vt. 补充，再装满 vi. 补充 millennium n. ⼀千年，太平盛世 outset n. 开始，开端 tenfold adj. ⼗倍的，⼗重的 adv. 成⼗倍，成⼗重 approximately adv.近似地，⼤约 approach n. 接近；途径，⽅法 v. 靠近，接近，动⼿处理 criteria .标准 budget n. 预算 vt. 编预算，为…做预算 vi. 节省开⽀ adj. 不贵的，廉价的 warrant n. 正当理由，根据，委任状，准许 vt. 保证，辩解，担保，授权 propose v. 计划，打算，向...提议；求婚 suggestion n. 建议，意见，迹象，暗⽰，联想 instructional adj. 指导的，教育的 conscious adj. 神志清醒的，意识到的，⾃觉的，有意的 n. 意识 concentration n. 集中，专⼼，浓度 typeface n. 字型，铅字样 binding n. （书籍的）封⽪，镶边，（滑雪板的）⽪靴固定装置 adj. 必须遵守的；有法律约束⼒的 mannerism n. 说话⽅式、姿态、动作等；特殊习惯；矫揉造作；怪癖 peripheral adj. 不重要的，外围的 n. 外围设备 elusive adj. 难懂的，难捉摸的，难记的，逃避的 elude v. 逃避，逃避。
1. coordinate v. 协调；配合;相一致；同等→harmonize2. successive a. 连续的；相继的→consecutive continuous sequential3. artificial a. 人工的；人造的→synthetic man-made4. crucial a. 决定性的；关键的→critical urgent imperative significant5. approximate a. 大约→near about6．commence v. 开始→begin start originate initiate7. accurate a. 准确无误的，精确的→precise exact explicit8. advent n. 出现；到来→arrival forthcoming9. rotate v. 轮换；旋转→spin revolve10. conspicuous a. 显而易见的，明显的→noticeable prominent striking visible distinct obvious 11. disseminate v. 传播；散布→spread propagate broadcast distribute publicize12. counterpart n. 对应的事物→equivalent equal13. denote v. 表示；象征→represent symbolize signify designate allude to 14. scheme n. 计划；方案→program method plan arrangement15. integral a. 必须的，不可或缺的→entire intact vital essential fundamental16. cosmic a. 宇宙的→universal space interstellar17. municipal a. 市政的→civic urban metropolitan18. navigation n. 航海，导航→.piloting sailing seafaring19. supersede v. 取代；接替→replace displace surpass supplant20. regulate v. 控制；管理→adjust control21. oversee v. 监督；监视→supervise superintend watch over keep an eye on 22. consist v. 组成→comprise include compose be made of23. accommodate v. 包含；容纳；适应；调解→contain adapt adjust22. impose v. 推行；采用→inflict enforce charge execute23. correspond v. 相一致；相符合；通信→correlate conform resemble harmonize coordinate coincide;24. aviation n. 航空；飞行25. congested a. 堵塞的；拥挤的→overcrowded overloaded blocked stuffed jammed26. rudimentary a. 初步的；基础的→basic simple primary fundamental elementary27. vicinity n. 附近→neighborhood surroundings28. fortuitous a. 偶然的；意外的→accidental adventitious unexpected29. margin n. 幅度；边缘；余地→boundary edge brim brink30. necessitate v. 成为必要；需要→require demand oblige impose compel31. designate v. 标示；命名→appoint assign nominate label32. respective a. 分别的33. coincidental a. 巧合的→accidental unplanned unexpected coincident 34. prompt v.促进；提高；升迁→advance enhance facilitate upgrade improve35. oversimplified a. 太过简单化的36. average a. 平均的；一般的；通常的→intermediate37. establish v. 建立；创办→build construct found set up erect38. realm n. 领域；王国39. supplement v. 补充，增补40. perish v. 毁灭，消失，死亡→die41. culminate v. 达到终点，告终→end up (with)42. glacial adj. 冰川的43. harsh adj. 严酷的，恶劣的44. switch v. 转换= shift, change, vary, revise, modify45. equator n.赤道46. variation n.变化，变更47. stem from v. 起源于，由…造成→originate from be derived from48. migration n. 移民，移动49. proliferate v. 增生，剧增50. famine n. 饥荒→starvation51. unprecedented adj. 前所未有的，空前的52. fossil fuel 化石燃料53. roughly adv. 粗略地，大致地→approximately54. staple n. 主食55. revolution n. 革命，改革，变革56. interaction n. 互动，交流，相互作用57. existence n. 生存58. drought n. 干旱59. land clearance n. 开垦土地60. trigger v. 引起，促使→cause，set off61. odour n. 气味62. aroma n. 香气，浓香63. scent n. 香味64. fragrant adj. 芳香的65. olfaction adj. 嗅觉→sense of smell66. foul adj. 肮脏恶臭的，难闻的67. impair v. 损伤→damage injure68. distinguish…from v. 区分→tell from, recognize the difference between A and B69. feeble adj. 虚弱的，无力的70. acute adj. 敏锐的71. elusive adj. 难懂的，难以捉摸的72. emotion n. 情感，情绪→sense, sentiment, feeling73. response n. 回应，反应→reaction reply74. emotional response→feeling75. bonding n. 亲密关系76. emotional bonding→personal relationship77. spouse n. 配偶→wife/ husband78. conscious adj. 有意识的→be aware of realize79. apparent adj. 明显的→obvious distinct80. agreeable adj. 愉悦的81. evoke v. 唤起，引起82. disgust n. 厌恶83. undervalue v. 低估价值，看轻→underestimate84. associate with v. 有联系→link to connect with relate to relevant to be bound up with 85. accordancen. 一致；符合in accordance with→according to86. principle n. 原理；原则principles →laws87. environment n. 环境environment→environmental conditions88. conserve v. 保存；保护conserving energy →sparing use of energy89. apply v. 应用applies to→ are subjected to90. artificial adj. 人造的；人工的→man-made synthetic fake91. similar adj. 类似的→resembling like comparable parallel92. constitute v. 组成；构成→form establish comprise found93. inexorable adj. 无情的；不可改变的→inevitable insistent unstoppable unavoidable 94. dynamic adj. 动力的；有活力的→active energetic vigorous dashing95. permanent adj. 永久的；持久的→eternal enduring everlasting c onstant96. restricted adj. 受限制的；→limited finite controlled narrow97. optimal adj. 最理想的；最佳的→optimum ideal best prime98. determinedadj. 坚定的；果断的→decided convinced resolute firm99. inverted adj. 逆反的→upside-down reverse100. attain v. 实现；获得；达到→achieve conquer realize manager101. captivity n. 囚禁；俘虏→constraint detention confinement enslavement 102. consumption n. 消费；消耗→expenditure depletion103. intensive adj. 密集的；彻底的104.equable adj. 性情温和的；变动小的→composed calm105. achievement n. 成就；成绩；完成→achievement attainment106. counterpart n. 对应物；职务相当的人Japanese counterparts→ Japanese pupils107. state-run adj. 国营的；州立的state-run schools→state schools108. sector n. 部门；部分；区域private schools→private sector109. organised adj. 有组织的well organised→well set out110. elaboration n. 详细阐述carefully explained→ with a lot of elaboration 111. repetition n. 重复；反复patiently explained →with a lot of repetition 112. struggler n. 奋斗者；挣扎者students who experience difficulties →any strugglers 113. tuition n. 辅导；教学；教诲supplementary tuition →be assisted by the teacher 114. address 致辞；讲话→speech lecture115. spacious adj. 宽敞的；广阔的→vast broad116. considerable adj. 重要的；相当大的→substantial significant117. demonstrate v. 证明；演示；示范→display reveal exhibit explain118. accessible adj. 可得到的；易理解的→approachable available reachable handy119. ignorance n. 无知→inexperience unawareness120. supplementary adj. 补充的；附加的→additional extra121. foster v. 培养→cultivate nurture122. adequate adj. 足够的；充足的→sufficient ample satisfactory competent123. emphasis n. 强调；重点→stress insistence124. compulsory adj. 强制的；义务的→required obligatory essential necessary forced imperative125. telepathy n. 心灵感应126. parapsychologist n. 超心理学家127. derision n. 嘲笑→sarcasm satire128. sceptical adj. 怀疑的sceptic n. 持怀疑论者→skeptical suspicious129. rigorous adj. 严格的，谨慎的，严厉的→serious severe harsh130. compelling adj. 令人信服的，引人注目的→dramatic attractive131. concur on v. 一致，同意→agree on132. swamp v. 淹没→sink decline deteriorate133. tranquility n. 安静→comfortable environment peace134. filter v. 过滤→penetrate135. outright adj. 彻底的完全的→thorough complete absolute entire total 136. alter v. 改变→transform modify shift137. minimise v. 使......最小化minimum n. 最小值→limit138. automated adj. 自动化automatic adj. 自动化139. detect v. 发现detection n. 发现→find perceive explore probe140. individual adj. 各自的，单独的→different distinct unique141. marginal adj. 轻微的，很少的，边缘的142. plausible adj. 有道理的，可信的143. entanglement n. 纠缠→implication involvement144. esoteric adj. 深奥的，难懂的→complicated sophisticated elusive145. molten adj. 熔化的molten lava 熔浆146. virtually adv. 实际上，几乎→actually almost nearly147. guarantee v. 保证，担保→assure swear vow certificate148. coincidence n. 巧合，一致→accordance agreement consensus149. inspection n. 观察，检查→monitoring observation surveillance150. spin v. 旋转151. unblemished adj. 清白的，无缺点的→pure clean stainless152. intensive adj. 密集的→extreme reinforced concentrated153. polish v. 打磨154. eliminate v. 减少，消除，排除→avoid exclude155. horizontal adj. 水平的horizon n. 视野→boundary territory domain156. homogenize v. 使…均匀homogeneous adj. 均匀的→uniformize157. simultaneously adv. 同时地158. relieve v. 释放→moderate release159. mar v. 破坏→destroy undermine damage devastate 160. upstream adv. 向上游，逆流的161. unaided adj. 未受援助的162. steer v 操纵，驾驶，掌握→navigate163. target n. 目标，靶子→goal objective aim purpose 164. strike v. 攻击，袭击→hit165. discharge v. 放出，释放→release let emit166. generate v. 产生，引起，导致→produce originate cause167. support v. 支持，赞助→back up aidfinancial support 财政支援→fund 168. trigger v. 引发，引起→cause start169. emerge v. 出现，形成，发展→appear come170. extract v. 拔出，抽出，提取→remove171. surge n. 急剧上升，激增→increase soar172. portable adj. 手提式的，轻便的→conveyable movable173. stumbling block 绊脚石→obstruction barrier174. direct … at 把…对准→aim…at175. predict v. 预测，预言→foretell envision176. advantage n. 利益，益处→benefit merit177. affect v. 影响→influence178. confront v. 面对，对抗，处理，解决→face meet encounter179. menace n. 威胁，危险→threat danger180. induce v. 引诱，引起→evoke cause181. moisture n. 水分，水汽，湿气→wetness humidity182. formation n. 形成，构成→emergence generation183. threaten v. 威胁，胁迫→menace jeopardize184. intense adj. 剧烈的，强烈的→severe strong185. genius n. 天才，天赋→master prodigy186. characteristic n. 特征，特色→nature character personality187. derive from v. 源于→originate from187. exceptional adj.杰出的→good phenomenal outstanding distinguished 188. concept n. 观念，概念，想法→belief idea opinion189. gifted adj. 有天赋的，有才华的→talented190. defective adj. 有缺点的，有毛病的→imperfect flawed191. impractical adj. 无用的，不现实的→unfeasible unrealistic192. exhaust v. 用尽，耗尽→burn out use up deplete193. eccentric adj. 古怪的，异乎寻常的→abnormal unusual194. recognize v. 承认，认出→appreciate identify195. adversity n. 逆境，灾难，不幸→difficulty196. great adj. 非凡，伟大，杰出→wise197. considerable adj. 相当大（或多）的→substantial significant great198. tutor n. 家庭教师，私人教师→teacher199. beneficial adj. 有益的，有利的→favorable advantageous200. adjustment n. 调整→adaptation201. objective adj. 客观的→unbiased unprejudiced impersonal 202. approach n. 方法，方式→method means way203. tutor v. 教，指导→train instruct teach204. accidentally adv. 偶然的→by chance205. particular adj. 特殊的，个别的→special specific206. superior adj. 上等的，优秀的→better greater207. minimize v. 把..减至最低数量→lessen decrease208. ease n. 容易，轻易→relieve relax209. emulate v. 努力赶上，模仿→rival compete imitate210. retain v. 保持，保存，保留→maintain keep preserve211. reckless adj. 不注意的，不计后果的212. engender v. 产生，形成→entail213. disorder n. 紊乱→imbalance214. lethal adj. 杀伤性的，致命的215. potent adj. 烈性的216. insecticide n. 杀虫剂→pesticide217. immune adj. 免疫的→no longer respond to218. syndrome n. 综合症219. havoc n. 浩劫220. avidly adv. 贪婪地221. yield n. 产量→production222. proliferation n. 繁殖breeding 223. outlay n. 花费→cost224. spraying n. 喷雾225. mutation n. 变异226. escalating adj. 飞快增加的→intensified227. peril n. 危险→danger228. detrimental adj. 有害的→polluting danger229. parasite n. 寄生菌，寄生虫→pest230. obnoxious adj. 讨厌的→horrible231. eradication n. 消灭→abolition232. nuisance n. 妨害→hindrance233. grove n. 小树林→woods234. plague v. 折磨→blight235. devour v. 吞灭→eat236. infest v. 感染→plague237. stray adj. 迷路的→lost238. taxonomy n. 分类学239. caste n. 等级，职别→rank240. identifiable adj. 可以确认的241. bait n. 诱饵→lure242. pitfall n. 陷阱→trap243.vegetation n. 植被，草木→trees and grasses244. bark n. 树皮245. forage v. 搜索→collect246. nocturnal adj. 夜间的→nighttime247. moistened adj. 湿的→wet247. elusive adj. 逃避的→hard to find248. shrub n. 灌木→bush249. vial n. 玻璃瓶→glass bottle250. litter n. 落叶层251. debris n. 废墟→ruins252. funnel n. 漏斗253. marshy adj. 沼地的→wet254. sift v. 过滤255. twig n. 细枝→thin branch。
