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ARM Instruction SetQuick Reference CardKey to Tables{cond}Refer to Table Condition Field {cond}<a_mode2>Refer to Table Addressing Mode 2<Oprnd2>Refer to Table Operand 2<a_mode2P>Refer to Table Addressing Mode 2 (Post-indexed only)<fields>Refer to Table PSR fields<a_mode3>Refer to Table Addressing Mode 3{S}Updates condition flags if S present<a_mode4L>Refer to Table Addressing Mode 4 (Block load or Stack pop) C*, V*Flag is unpredictable after these instructions in Architecture v4 and earlier<a_mode4S>Refer to Table Addressing Mode 4 (Block store or Stack push) Q Sticky flag. Always updates on overflow (no S option). Read and reset using MRS and MSR<a_mode5>Refer to Table Addressing Mode 5x,y B meaning half-register [15:0], or T meaning [31:16]<reglist> A comma-separated list of registers, enclosed in braces ( { and } )<immed_8r> A 32-bit constant, formed by right-rotating an 8-bit value by an even number of bits{!}Updates base register after data transfer if ! present<immed_8*4> A 10-bit constant, formed by left-shifting an 8-bit value by two bits§Refer to Table ARM architecture versionsOperation§Assembler S updates Q Action NotesMove Move MOV{cond}{S} Rd, <Oprnd2>N Z C Rd := Oprnd2NOT MVN{cond}{S} Rd, <Oprnd2>N Z C Rd := 0xFFFFFFFF EOR Oprnd2SPSR to register3MRS{cond} Rd, SPSR Rd := SPSRCPSR to register3MRS{cond} Rd, CPSR Rd := CPSRregister to SPSR3MSR{cond} SPSR_<fields>, Rm SPSR := Rm (selected bytes only)register to CPSR3MSR{cond} CPSR_<fields>, Rm CPSR := Rm (selected bytes only)immediate to SPSR3MSR{cond} SPSR_<fields>, #<immed_8r>SPSR := immed_8r (selected bytes only)immediate to CPSR3MSR{cond} CPSR_<fields>, #<immed_8r>CPSR := immed_8r (selected bytes only)Arithmetic Add ADD{cond}{S} Rd, Rn, <Oprnd2>N Z C V Rd := Rn + Oprnd2with carry ADC{cond}{S} Rd, Rn, <Oprnd2>N Z C V Rd := Rn + Oprnd2 + Carrysaturating5E QADD{cond} Rd, Rm, Rn Q Rd := SAT(Rm + Rn)No shift/rotate.double saturating5E QDADD{cond} Rd, Rm, Rn Q Rd := SAT(Rm + SAT(Rn * 2))No shift/rotate.Subtract SUB{cond}{S} Rd, Rn, <Oprnd2>N Z C V Rd := Rn - Oprnd2with carry SBC{cond}{S} Rd, Rn, <Oprnd2>N Z C V Rd := Rn - Oprnd2 - NOT(Carry)reverse subtract RSB{cond}{S} Rd, Rn, <Oprnd2>N Z C V Rd := Oprnd2 - Rnreverse subtract with carry RSC{cond}{S} Rd, Rn, <Oprnd2>N Z C V Rd := Oprnd2 - Rn - NOT(Carry)saturating5E QSUB{cond} Rd, Rm, Rn Q Rd := SAT(Rm - Rn)No shift/rotate.double saturating5E QDSUB{cond} Rd, Rm, Rn Q Rd := SAT(Rm - SAT(Rn * 2))No shift/rotate.Multiply2MUL{cond}{S} Rd, Rm, Rs N Z C*Rd := (Rm * Rs)[31:0]accumulate2MLA{cond}{S} Rd, Rm, Rs, Rn N Z C*Rd := ((Rm * Rs) + Rn)[31:0]unsigned long M UMULL{cond}{S} RdLo, RdHi, Rm, Rs N Z C*V*RdHi,RdLo := unsigned(Rm * Rs)unsigned accumulate long M UMLAL{cond}{S} RdLo, RdHi, Rm, Rs N Z C*V*RdHi,RdLo := unsigned(RdHi,RdLo + Rm * Rs)signed long M SMULL{cond}{S} RdLo, RdHi, Rm, Rs N Z C*V*RdHi,RdLo := signed(Rm * Rs)signed accumulate long M SMLAL{cond}{S} RdLo, RdHi, Rm, Rs N Z C*V*RdHi,RdLo := signed(RdHi,RdLo + Rm * Rs)signed 16 * 16 bit5E SMULxy{cond} Rd, Rm, Rs Rd := Rm[x] * Rs[y]No shift/rotate.signed 32 * 16 bit5E SMULWy{cond} Rd, Rm, Rs Rd := (Rm * Rs[y])[47:16]No shift/rotate.signed accumulate 16 * 165E SMLAxy{cond} Rd, Rm, Rs, Rn Q Rd := Rn + Rm[x] * Rs[y]No shift/rotate.signed accumulate 32 * 165E SMLAWy{cond} Rd, Rm, Rs, Rn Q Rd := Rn + (Rm * Rs[y])[47:16]No shift/rotate.signed accumulate long 16 * 165E SMLALxy{cond} RdLo, RdHi, Rm, Rs RdHi,RdLo := RdHi,RdLo + Rm[x] * Rs[y]No shift/rotate.Count leading zeroes5CLZ{cond} Rd, Rm Rd := number of leading zeroes in RmLogical Test TST{cond} Rn, <Oprnd2>N Z C Update CPSR flags on Rn AND Oprnd2 Test equivalence TEQ{cond} Rn, <Oprnd2>N Z C Update CPSR flags on Rn EOR Oprnd2AND AND{cond}{S} Rd, Rn, <Oprnd2>N Z C Rd := Rn AND Oprnd2EOR EOR{cond}{S} Rd, Rn, <Oprnd2>N Z C Rd := Rn EOR Oprnd2ORR ORR{cond}{S} Rd, Rn, <Oprnd2>N Z C Rd := Rn OR Oprnd2Bit Clear BIC{cond}{S} Rd, Rn, <Oprnd2>N Z C Rd := Rn AND NOT Oprnd2No operation NOP R0 := R0Flags not affected.Shift/Rotate See Table Operand 2. Compare Compare CMP{cond} Rn, <Oprnd2>N Z C V Update CPSR flags on Rn - Oprnd2negative CMN{cond} Rn, <Oprnd2>N Z C V Update CPSR flags on Rn + Oprnd2Vector Floating Point Instruction SetQuick Reference CardKey to Tables{cond}See Table Condition Field (on ARM side).{E} E : raise exception on any NaN. Without E : raise exception only on signaling NaNs.<S/D>S (single precision) or D (double precision).{Z}Round towards zero. Overrides FPSCR rounding mode.<S/D/X>As above, or X (unspecified precision).<VFPregs> A comma separated list of consecutive VFP registers, enclosed in braces ( { and } ).Fd, Fn, Fm Sd, Sn, Sm (single precision), or Dd, Dn, Dm (double precision).<VFPsysreg>FPSCR, or FPSID.Operation Assembler Exceptions Action NotesVector arithmetic Multiply FMUL<S/D>{cond} Fd, Fn, Fm IO, OF, UF, IX Fd := Fn * Fmnegative FNMUL<S/D>{cond} Fd, Fn, Fm IO, OF, UF, IX Fd := - (Fn * Fm)accumulate FMAC<S/D>{cond} Fd, Fn, Fm IO, OF, UF, IX Fd := Fd + (Fn * Fm)deduct FNMAC<S/D>{cond} Fd, Fn, Fm IO, OF, UF, IX Fd := Fd - (Fn * Fm)Exceptionsnegate and accumulate FMSC<S/D>{cond} Fd, Fn, Fm IO, OF, UF, IX Fd := -Fd + (Fn * Fm)IO Invalid operationnegate and deduct FNMSC<S/D>{cond} Fd, Fn, Fm IO, OF, UF, IX Fd := -Fd - (Fn * Fm)OF Overflow Add FADD<S/D>{cond} Fd, Fn, Fm IO, OF, IX Fd := Fn + Fm UF UnderflowSubtract FSUB<S/D>{cond} Fd, Fn, Fm IO, OF, IX Fd := Fn - Fm IX Inexact resultDivide FDIV<S/D>{cond} Fd, Fn, Fm IO, DZ, OF, UF, IX Fd := Fn / Fm DZ Division by zeroCopy FCPY<S/D>{cond} Fd, Fm Fd := FmAbsolute FABS<S/D>{cond} Fd, Fm Fd := abs(Fm)Negative FNEG<S/D>{cond} Fd, Fm Fd := -FmSquare root FSQRT<S/D>{cond} Fd, Fm IO, IX Fd := sqrt(Fm)Scalar compare FCMP{E}<S/D>{cond} Fd, Fm IO Set FPSCR flags on Fd - Fm Use FMSTAT to transfer flags.Compare with zero FCMP{E}Z<S/D>{cond} Fd IO Set FPSCR flags on Fd - 0Use FMSTAT to transfer flags.Scalar convert Single to double FCVTDS{cond} Dd, Sm IO Dd := convertStoD(Sm)Double to single FCVTSD{cond} Sd, Dm IO, OF, UF, IX Sd := convertDtoS(Dm)Unsigned integer to float FUITO<S/D>{cond} Fd, Sm Fd := convertUItoF(Sm)Signed integer to float FSITO<S/D>{cond} Fd, Sm IX Fd := convertSItoF(Sm)Float to unsigned integer FTOUI{Z}<S/D>{cond} Sd, Fm IO, IX Sd := convertFtoUI(Fm)Float to signed integer FTOSI{Z}<S/D>{cond} Sd, Fm IO, IX Sd := convertFtoSI(Fm) Save VFP registers FST<S/D>{cond} Fd, [Rn{, #<immed_8*4>}][address] := FdMultiple, unindexed FSTMIA<S/D/X>{cond} Rn, <VFPregs>Saves list of VFP registers, starting at address in Rn.increment after FSTMIA<S/D/X>{cond} Rn!, <VFPregs>synonym: FSTMEA (empty ascending)decrement before FSTMDB<S/D/X>{cond} Rn!, <VFPregs>synonym: FSTMFD (full descending) Load VFP registers FLD<S/D>{cond} Fd, [Rn{, #<immed_8*4>}]Fd := [address]Multiple, unindexed FLDMIA<S/D/X>{cond} Rn, <VFPregs>Loads list of VFP registers, starting at address in Rn.increment after FLDMIA<S/D/X>{cond} Rn!, <VFPregs>synonym: FLDMFD (full descending)decrement before FLDMDB<S/D/X>{cond} Rn!, <VFPregs>synonym: FLDMEA (empty ascending) Transfer registers ARM to single FMSR{cond} Sn, Rd Sn := RdSingle to ARM FMRS{cond} Rd, Sn Rd := SnARM to lower half of double FMDLR{cond} Dn, Rd Dn[31:0] := Rd Use with FMDHR.Lower half of double to ARM FMRDL{cond} Rd, Dn Rd := Dn[31:0]Use with FMRDH.ARM to upper half of double FMDHR{cond} Dn, Rd Dn[63:32] := Rd Use with FMDLR.Upper half of double to ARM FMRDH{cond} Rd, Dn Rd := Dn[63:32]Use with FMRDL.ARM to VFP system register FMXR{cond} <VFPsysreg>, Rd VFPsysreg := Rd Stalls ARM until all VFP ops complete.VFP system register to ARM FMRX{cond} Rd, <VFPsysreg>Rd := VFPsysreg Stalls ARM until all VFP ops complete.FPSCR flags to CPSR FMSTAT{cond}CPSR flags := FPSCR flags Equivalent to FMRX R15, FPSCRFPSCR format Rounding(Stride - 1)*3Vector length - 1Exception trap enable bits Cumulative exception bits 3130292824232221201817161211109843210 N Z C V FZ RMODE STRIDE LEN IXE UFE OFE DZE IOE IXC UFC OFC DZC IOC FZ: 1 = flush to zero mode.Rounding: 0 = round to nearest, 1 = towards +∞, 2 = towards -∞, 3 = towards zero.(Vector length * Stride) must not exceed 4 for double precision operands.If Fd is S0-S7 or D0-D3, operation is Scalar (regardless of vector length).If Fd is S8-S31 or D4-D15, and Fm is S0-S7 or D0-D3, operation is Mixed (Fm scalar, others vector).If Fd is S8-S31 or D4-D15, and Fm is S8-S31 or D4-D15, operation is Vector.S0-S7 (or D0-D3), S8-S15 (D4-D7), S16-S23 (D8-D11), S24-S31 (D12-D15) each form a circulating bank of registers.All Thumb registers are Lo (R0-R7) except where specified. Hi registers are R8-R15.Operation§Assembler UpdateflagsAction NotesMove Immediate MOV Rd, #<immed_8> Rd := immed_88-bit immediate value.Lo to Lo MOV Rd, Rm Rd := RmHi to Lo, Lo to Hi, Hi to Hi MOV Rd, Rm!Rd := Rm Not Lo to LoArithmetic Add ADD Rd, Rn, #<immed_3> Rd := Rn + immed_33-bit immediate value.Lo and Lo ADD Rd, Rn, Rm Rd := Rn + RmHi to Lo, Lo to Hi, Hi to Hi ADD Rd, Rm!Rd := Rd + Rm Not Lo to Loimmediate ADD Rd, #<immed_8> Rd := Rd + immed_88-bit immediate value.with carry ADC Rd, Rm Rd := Rd + Rm + C-bitvalue to SP ADD SP, #<immed_7*4>!SP := SP + immed_7 * 49-bit immediate value (word-aligned).form address from SP ADD Rd, SP, #<immed_8*4>!Rd := SP + immed_8 * 410-bit immediate value (word-aligned).form address from PC ADD Rd, PC, #<immed_8*4>!Rd := (PC AND 0xFFFFFFFC) + immed_8 * 410-bit immediate value (word-aligned).Subtract SUB Rd, Rn, Rm Rd := Rn - Rmimmediate 3SUB Rd, Rn, #<immed_3> Rd := Rn - immed_33-bit immediate value.immediate 8SUB Rd, #<immed_8> Rd := Rd - immed_88-bit immediate value.with carry SBC Rd, Rm Rd := Rd - Rm - NOT C-bitvalue from SP SUB SP, #<immed_7*4>!SP := SP - immed_7 * 49-bit immediate value (word-aligned).Negate NEG Rd, Rm Rd := - RmMultiply MUL Rd, Rm Rd := Rm * RdCompare CMP Rn, Rm update CPSR flags on Rn - Rm Can be Lo to Lo, Lo to Hi, Hi to Lo, or Hi to Hi.negative CMN Rn, Rm update CPSR flags on Rn + Rmimmediate CMP Rn, #<immed_8> update CPSR flags on Rn - immed_88-bit immediate value.No operation NOP!R8 := R8Flags not affected.Logical AND AND Rd, Rm Rd := Rd AND RmExclusive OR EOR Rd, Rm Rd := Rd EOR RmOR ORR Rd, Rm Rd := Rd OR RmBit clear BIC Rd, Rm Rd := Rd AND NOT RmMove NOT MVN Rd, Rm Rd := NOT RmTest bits TST Rn, Rm update CPSR flags on Rn AND RmShift/rotate Logical shift left LSL Rd, Rm, #<immed_5> Rd := Rm << immed_55-bit immediate shift. Allowed shifts 0-31.LSL Rd, Rs Rd := Rd << RsLogical shift right LSR Rd, Rm, #<immed_5> Rd := Rm >> immed_55-bit immediate shift. Allowed shifts 1-32.LSR Rd, Rs Rd := Rd >> RsArithmetic shift right ASR Rd, Rm, #<immed_5> Rd := Rm ASR immed_55-bit immediate shift. Allowed shifts 1-32.ASR Rd, Rs Rd := Rd ASR RsRotate right ROR Rd, Rs Rd := Rd ROR RsBranch Conditional branch B{cond} label R15 := label label must be within -252 to +258 bytes of current instruction.See Table Condition Field (ARM side). AL not allowed.Unconditional branch B label R15 := label label must be within ±2Kb of current instruction.Long branch with link BL label R14 := R15 - 2, R15 := label Encoded as two Thumb instructions.label must be within ±4Mb of current instruction.Branch and exchange BX Rm R15 := Rm AND 0xFFFFFFFE Change to ARM state if Rm[0] = 0.Branch with link and exchange5T BLX label R14 := R15 - 2, R15 := labelChange to ARM Encoded as two Thumb instructions.label must be within ±4Mb of current instruction.Branch with link and exchange5T BLX Rm R14 := R15 - 2, R15 := Rm AND 0xFFFFFFFEChange to ARM if Rm[0] = 0SoftwareInterruptSWI <immed_8>Software interrupt processor exception8-bit immediate value encoded in instruction. Breakpoint5T BKPT <immed_8>Prefetch abort or enter debug stateENGLANDARM LtdFulbourn RoadCherry HintonCambridge CB1 9JNUKTelephone:+44 1223 400400 Facsimile:+44 1223 400410 Email:info@ GERMANYARM LtdOtto-Hahn Str. 13b85521 Ottobrun-RiemerlingMunichGermanyTelephone:+49 89 608 75545Facsimile:+49 98 608 75599Email:info@USAARM Inc750 University AvenueSuite 150,Los Gatos CA 95032USATelephone:+1 408 579 2207Facsimile:+1 408 579 1205Email:info@JAPANARM KKPlustaria Building 4F,3-1-4 Shinyokohama, Kohoku-ku,Yokohama-shi, 222-0033JapanTelephone:+81 45 477 5260Facsimile:+81 45 477 5261Email:info@KOREAARMRoom #1115, Hyundai Building9-4, Soonae-Dong, Boondang-KuSungnam, Kyunggi-DoKorea 463-020Telephone:+82 342 712 8234Facsimile:+82 342 713 8225Email: info@Operation§Assembler Action NotesLoad with immediate offset, word LDR Rd, [Rn, #<immed_5*4>]Rd := [Rn + immed_5 * 4]halfword LDRH Rd, [Rn, #<immed_5*2>]Rd := ZeroExtend([Rn + immed_5 * 2][15:0])Clears bits 31:16byte LDRB Rd, [Rn, #<immed_5>]Rd := ZeroExtend([Rn + immed_5][7:0])Clears bits 31:8 with register offset, word LDR Rd, [Rn, Rm]Rd := [Rn + Rm]halfword LDRH Rd, [Rn, Rm]Rd := ZeroExtend([Rn + Rm][15:0])Clears bits 31:16signed halfword LDRSH Rd, [Rn, Rm]Rd := SignExtend([Rn + Rm][15:0])Sets bits 31:16 to bit 15byte LDRB Rd, [Rn, Rm]Rd := ZeroExtend([Rn + Rm][7:0])Clears bits 31:8signed byte LDRSB Rd, [Rn, Rm]Rd := SignExtend([Rn + Rm][7:0])Sets bits 31:8 to bit 7 PC-relative LDR Rd, [PC, #<immed_8*4>]Rd := [(PC AND 0xFFFFFFFC) + immed_8 * 4]SP-relative LDR Rd, [SP, #<immed_8*4>]Rd := [SP + immed_8 * 4]Multiple LDMIA Rn!, <reglist>Loads list of registers Always updates base register. Store with immediate offset, word STR Rd, [Rn, #<immed_5*4>][Rn + immed_5 * 4] := Rdhalfword STRH Rd, [Rn, #<immed_5*2>][Rn + immed_5 * 2][15:0] := Rd[15:0]Ignores Rd[31:16]byte STRB Rd, [Rn, #<immed_5>][Rn + immed_5][7:0] := Rd[7:0]Ignores Rd[31:8] with register offset, word STR Rd, [Rn, Rm][Rn + Rm] := Rdhalfword STRH Rd, [Rn, Rm][Rn + Rm][15:0] := Rd[15:0]Ignores Rd[31:16]byte STRB Rd, [Rn, Rm][Rn + Rm][7:0] := Rd[7:0]Ignores Rd[31:8] SP-relative, word STR Rd, [SP, #<immed_8*4>][SP + immed_8 * 4] := RdMultiple STMIA Rn!, <reglist>Stores list of registers Always updates base register.Push/ Pop Push PUSH <reglist>Push registers onto stack Full descending stack. Push with link PUSH <reglist, LR>Push LR and registers onto stackPop POP <reglist>Pop registers from stackPop and return POP <reglist, PC>Pop registers, branch to address loaded to PCPop and return with exchange5T POP <reglist, PC>Pop, branch, and change to ARM state if address[0] = 0Proprietary NoticeARM is the trademark of ARM Ltd.Neither the whole nor any part of the information contained in, or the product described in, this reference card may be adapted or reproduced in any material form except with the prior written permission of the copyright holder.The product described in this reference card is subject to continuous developments and improvements. All particulars of the product and its use contained in this reference card are given by ARM in good faith. However, all warranties implied or expressed, including but not limited to implied warrantiesof merchantability, or fitness for purpose, are excluded.This reference card is intended only to assist the reader in the use of the product. ARM Ltd shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising from the use of any information in this reference card, or any error or omission in such information, or any incorrect use of the product.Document NumberARM QRC 0001DChange LogIssue Date By ChangeA June 1995BJH First ReleaseB Sept 1996BJH Second ReleaseC Nov 1998BJH Third ReleaseD Oct 1999CKS Fourth ReleaseOperation§Assembler Action NotesBranch Branch B{cond} label R15 := label label must be within ±32Mb ofcurrent instruction.with link BL{cond} label R14 := R15-4, R15 := label label must be within ±32Mb ofcurrent instruction.and exchange4T BX{cond} Rm R15 := Rm, Change to Thumb if Rm[0] is 1with link and exchange (1)5T BLX label R14 := R15 - 4, R15 := label, Change to Thumb Cannot be conditional.label must be within ±32Mb ofcurrent instruction.with link and exchange (2)5T BLX{cond} Rm R14 := R15 - 4, R15 := Rm[31:1]Change to Thumb if Rm[0] is 1Load Word LDR{cond} Rd, <a_mode2>Rd := [address]User mode privilege LDR{cond}T Rd, <a_mode2P>branch (and exchange)LDR{cond} R15, <a_mode2>R15 := [address][31:1](§ 5T: Change to Thumb if [address][0] is 1)Byte LDR{cond}B Rd, <a_mode2>Rd := ZeroExtend[byte from address]User mode privilege LDR{cond}BT Rd, <a_mode2P>signed4LDR{cond}SB Rd, <a_mode3>Rd := SignExtend[byte from address]Halfword4LDR{cond}H Rd, <a_mode3>Rd := ZeroExtent[halfword from address]signed4LDR{cond}SH Rd, <a_mode3>Rd := SignExtend[halfword from address]Load multiple Pop, or Block data load LDM{cond}<a_mode4L> Rd{!}, <reglist-pc>Load list of registers from [Rd]return (and exchange)LDM{cond}<a_mode4L> Rd{!}, <reglist+pc>Load registers, R15 := [address][31:1](§ 5T: Change to Thumb if [address][0] is 1)Use from exception modes only.and restore CPSR LDM{cond}<a_mode4L> Rd{!}, <reglist+pc>^Load registers, branch (§ 5T: and exchange),CPSR := SPSRUser mode registers LDM{cond}<a_mode4L> Rd, <reglist-pc>^Load list of User mode registers from [Rd]Use from privileged modes only. Store Word STR{cond} Rd, <a_mode2>[address] := RdUser mode privilege STR{cond}T Rd, <a_mode2P>[address] := RdByte STR{cond}B Rd, <a_mode2>[address][7:0] := Rd[7:0]User mode privilege STR{cond}BT Rd, <a_mode2P>[address][7:0] := Rd[7:0]Halfword4STR{cond}H Rd, <a_mode3>[address][15:0] := Rd[15:0]Store multiple Push, or Block data store STM{cond}<a_mode4S> Rd{!}, <reglist>Store list of registers to [Rd]User mode registers STM{cond}<a_mode4S> Rd{!}, <reglist>^Store list of User mode registers to [Rd]Use from privileged modes only. Swap Word3SWP{cond} Rd, Rm, [Rn]temp := [Rn], [Rn] := Rm, Rd := tempByte3SWP{cond}B Rd, Rm, [Rn]temp := ZeroExtend([Rn][7:0]),[Rn][7:0] := Rm[7:0], Rd := tempCoprocessors Data operations2CDP{cond} p<cpnum>, <op1>, CRd, CRn, CRm, <op2>Coprocessor defined5CDP2 p<cpnum>, <op1>, CRd, CRn, CRm, <op2>Cannot be conditional.Move to ARM reg from coproc2MRC{cond} p<cpnum>, <op1>, Rd, CRn, CRm, <op2>5MRC2 p<cpnum>, <op1>, Rd, CRn, CRm, <op2>Cannot be conditional.Move to coproc from ARM reg2MCR{cond} p<cpnum>, <op1>, Rd, CRn, CRm, <op2>5MCR2 p<cpnum>, <op1>, Rd, CRn, CRm, <op2>Cannot be conditional.Load2LDC{cond} p<cpnum>, CRd, <a_mode5>5LDC2 p<cpnum>, CRd, <a_mode5>Cannot be conditional.Store2STC{cond} p<cpnum>, CRd, <a_mode5>5STC2 p<cpnum>, CRd, <a_mode5>Cannot be conditional.SWI{cond} <immed_24>Software interrupt processor exception24-bit value encoded in instruction. SoftwareinterruptBreakpoint5BKPT <immed_16>Prefetch abort or enter debug state Cannot be conditional.ARM Addressing ModesQuick Reference CardAddressing Mode 2 - Word and Unsigned Byte Data Transfer ARM architecture versionsPre-indexed Immediate offset[Rn, #+/-<immed_12>]{!}n ARM architecture version n and above.Zero offset[Rn]Equivalent to [Rn,#0]n T T variants of ARM architecture version n and above.Register offset[Rn, +/-Rm]{!}M ARM architecture version 3M, and 4 and above excluding xM variantsScaled register offset[Rn, +/-Rm, LSL #<immed_5>]{!}Allowed shifts 0-31n E E variants of ARM architecture version n and above.[Rn, +/-Rm, LSR #<immed_5>]{!}Allowed shifts 1-32[Rn, +/-Rm, ASR #<immed_5>]{!}Allowed shifts 1-32[Rn, +/-Rm, ROR #<immed_5>]{!}Allowed shifts 1-31Operand 2[Rn, +/-Rm, RRX]{!}Immediate value#<immed_8r>Post-indexed Immediate offset[Rn], #+/-<immed_12>Logical shift left immediate Rm, LSL #<immed_5>Allowed shifts 0-31 Register offset[Rn], +/-Rm Logical shift right immediate Rm, LSR #<immed_5>Allowed shifts 1-32Scaled register offset[Rn], +/-Rm, LSL #<immed_5>Allowed shifts 0-31Arithmetic shift right immediate Rm, ASR #<immed_5>Allowed shifts 1-32 [Rn], +/-Rm, LSR #<immed_5>Allowed shifts 1-32Rotate right immediate Rm, ROR #<immed_5>Allowed shifts 1-31[Rn], +/-Rm, ASR #<immed_5>Allowed shifts 1-32Register Rm[Rn], +/-Rm, ROR #<immed_5>Allowed shifts 1-31Rotate right extended Rm, RRX[Rn], +/-Rm, RRX Logical shift left register Rm, LSL RsLogical shift right register Rm, LSR RsAddressing Mode 2 (Post-indexed only)Arithmetic shift right register Rm, ASR RsPost-indexed Immediate offset[Rn], #+/-<immed_12>Rotate right register Rm, ROR RsZero offset[Rn]Equivalent to [Rn],#0Register offset[Rn], +/-RmScaled register offset[Rn], +/-Rm, LSL #<immed_5>Allowed shifts 0-31PSR fields(use at least one suffix)[Rn], +/-Rm, LSR #<immed_5>Allowed shifts 1-32Suffix Meaning[Rn], +/-Rm, ASR #<immed_5>Allowed shifts 1-32c Control field mask byte PSR[7:0][Rn], +/-Rm, ROR #<immed_5>Allowed shifts 1-31f Flags field mask byte PSR[31:24][Rn], +/-Rm, RRX s Status field mask byte PSR[23:16]x Extension field mask byte PSR[15:8]Addressing Mode 3 - Halfword and Signed Byte Data TransferPre-indexed Immediateoffset[Rn, #+/-<immed_8>]{!}Zero offset[Rn]Equivalent to [Rn,#0]Condition Field {cond}Register[Rn, +/-Rm]{!}Mnemonic Description Description (VFP)Post-indexed Immediate offset[Rn], #+/-<immed_8>EQ Equal Equal Register[Rn], +/-Rm NE Not equal Not equal, or unorderedCS / HS Carry Set / Unsigned higher or same Greater than or equal, or unordered Addressing Mode 4 - Multiple Data Transfer CC / LO Carry Clear / Unsigned lower Less thanBlock load Stack pop MI Negative Less thanIA Increment After FD Full Descending PL Positive or zero Greater than or equal, or unordered IB Increment Before ED Empty Descending VS Overflow Unordered (at least one NaN operand) DA Decrement After FA Full Ascending VC No overflow Not unorderedDB Decrement Before EA Empty Ascending HI Unsigned higher Greater than, or unorderedLS Unsigned lower or same Less than or equal Block store Stack push GE Signed greater than or equal Greater than or equalIA Increment After EA Empty Ascending LT Signed less than Less than, or unorderedIB Increment Before FA Full Ascending GT Signed greater than Greater thanDA Decrement After ED Empty Descending LE Signed less than or equal Less than or equal, or unordered DB Decrement Before FD Full Descending AL Always (normally omitted)Always (normally omitted)Addressing Mode 5 - Coprocessor Data TransferPre-indexed Immediate offset[Rn, #+/-<immed_8*4>]{!}Key to tablesZero offset[Rn]Equivalent to [Rn,#0]{!}Updates base register after data transfer if ! present. (Post-indexed always updates.) Post-indexed Immediate offset[Rn], #+/-<immed_8*4><immed_8r> A 32-bit constant, formed by right-rotating an 8-bit value by an even number of bits. Unindexed No offset[Rn], {8-bit copro. option}+/-+ or -. (+ may be omitted.)。

1。

获取帮助ﻫ＞heｌp、stａrt() 开启帮助文档>help(sｏlve) 显示某命令得帮助信息,或者ﻫ＞？solve对于由特殊字符指定得功能,这些参数必须用单引号或双引号括起来,使之成为一个“字符串”,如＞heｌp(”[[”)与某个主题相关得例子通常可以用下面得命令得到ﻫ〉ｅxaｍple(tｏpic)2. 命令简介ﻫＲ对大小写就是敏感得;名称不能以数字开始;基本得命令由表达式或者赋值语句组成。

如果一个表达式被作为一条命令给出,它将被求值、打印而表达式得值并不被保存。

一个赋值语句同样对表达式求值之后把表达式得值传给一个变量,不过并不会自动得被打印出来;ﻫ命令由分号(;)来分隔,或者另起新行;ﻫ基本命令可以由花括号(f与g)合并为一组复合表达式;ﻫ注释几乎可以被放在任何地方,只要就是以井号(#)开始,到行末结束;如果一个命令在行莫仍没有结束,R将会给出一个不同得提示符,默认得就是‘＋’。

3。

命令文件得执行与输出转向到文件如果命令存储于一个外部文件中,比如工作目录wｏrk中得ｍaｎdｓ、R,她们可以随时在Ｒ得任务中被执行〉ｓoｕｒce("mands、R”)在Ｗinｄｏws中Ｓoｕrcｅ也可以由File菜单执行。

ﻫ函数ｓink,ﻫ〉ｓink(＂ｒｅcoｒd、liｓ”)ﻫ将把所有后续得输出由终端转向一个外部文件,rｅcord。

lｉs。

命令ﻫ> sｉnk() 将把信息重新恢复到终端上。

４、数据得保持与对象得清除R所创建、操作得实体就是对象。

对象可以就是变量、数组、字符串、函数以及由这些元素组成得其它结构;＞objects() 用来显示目前存储在Ｒ中得对象得名字、而当前存储得所有对象得组合被称为worｋspace;清除对象可以使用rm命令:ﻫ〉rｍ(x, y,z, inｋ, junk, temｐ,foｏ, ｂar)所有在一个R任务中被创建得对象都可以在文件中被永久保存,并在其它得R任务中被使用。

r语言数组常用命令数组是R语言中常用的数据结构之一，它可以存储多个相同类型的元素。

在R语言中，我们可以使用一系列命令来操作和处理数组。

本文将介绍一些常用的数组命令，帮助读者更好地理解和应用数组。

1. 创建数组我们可以使用c()函数来创建数组，其语法为：```Rarray_name <- c(element1, element2, ...)```其中，element1、element2等表示数组中的元素。

通过c()函数，我们可以将多个元素组合成一个数组，并将其赋值给一个数组变量。

2. 访问数组元素我们可以使用下标来访问数组中的元素，下标从1开始计数。

例如，对于数组array_name，我们可以使用array_name[1]来访问第一个元素。

3. 修改数组元素通过下标，我们可以直接修改数组中的元素的值。

例如，将数组array_name中的第一个元素修改为新的值，可以使用如下命令：```Rarray_name[1] <- new_value```其中，new_value表示新的值。

4. 数组长度我们可以使用length()函数来获取数组的长度，即数组中元素的个数。

其语法为：```Rlength(array_name)```该函数返回数组array_name的长度。

5. 数组运算对于数组，我们可以进行各种数学运算，如加法、减法、乘法和除法等。

例如，对于两个相同长度的数组array_name1和array_name2，我们可以使用如下命令进行加法运算：```Rresult <- array_name1 + array_name2```其中，result为存储运算结果的数组。

6. 数组切片数组切片是指从一个数组中获取指定范围的元素。

我们可以使用下标和冒号(:)来实现数组切片。

例如，对于数组array_name，我们可以使用如下命令获取第2到第5个元素：```Rsub_array <- array_name[2:5]```其中，sub_array为存储切片结果的数组。

调取txt格式文件制作数据表：> read.table("D://Rwork//002.txt",head=F)>data <- read.table("D://Rwork//002.txt",head=F,sep="") > data>x1<- data[1:56,2]>x2<- data[1:56,3]>x3<- data[1:56,4]>x4<- data[1:56,5]>x5<- data[1:56,6]>x6<- data[1:56,7]> num <- data[1:56,1]>x=data.frame(num,x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6)t检验t.test(x1,x2,var.equal = TRUE,alternative = "greater")在x1，x2数据基础上做箱线图boxplot(x1,x2,notch=T,names =c ('Heal','PSD'),col=c(2,3))有统计学差异时加点points(x=2,y=0.35,pch=8,cex=3,col="black")x取值范围限定x<- (0:23208)构建（x，y）函数关系y<- 46.5565*log(x+1)作图plot(x,y,type = "l")加载csv格式数据data<-read.csv(“D:\\Rwork\\重要稀释曲线01.csv”)x=t(data[1])y=t(data[2])Z=t(data[3])plot(x,y1,type = "l"，col=1)lines(x,y2,type = "l",col=2)data<-read.csv("D:\\Rwork\\重要稀释曲线01.csv",head=F) x1=t(data[1])x2 <- t(data[2])x3 <- t(data[3])x4 <- t(data[4])x5 <- t(data[5])x6 <- t(data[6])x7 <- t(data[7])x8 <- t(data[8])x9 <- t(data[9])x10 <- t(data[10])Maxx1=1000Max（x[2:10]）=30000稀释曲线作图步骤：设定绘图范围plot(0,xlim = c(0,25000),ylim=c(0,1000))确定第一组变量取值范围x1<- (0,20283)确定函数关系y1=46.5565*log(x+1)第二组x2<- (0,20787)y2=65.3305*log(x+1)第三组最后一组描线lines(x1,y1,type = "l",col=1)plot(0,xlim = c(0,25000),ylim=c(0,1000)))x2<-(0:22953) x3<-(0:23334) x4<-(0:27375) x5<-(0:24892) x6<-(0:23388) x7<-(0:22397) x8<-(0:30254) x9<-(0:24819) x10<-(0:20979) x11<-(0:25708) x12<-(0:23013) x13<-(0:26986) x14<-(0:25629) x15<-(0:24946) x16<-(0:26611) x17<-(0:23707) x18<-(0:22666) x19<-(0:26891) x20<-(0:27131) x21<-(0:27871) x22<-(0:23146) x23<-(0:24527) x24<-(0:25973) x25<-(0:23984) x26<-(0:20225) x27<-(0:26545) x28<-(0:26320) x29<-(0:24782) x30<-(0:23931) x31<-(0:22173) x32<-(0:26241) x33<-(0:21095) x34<-(0:22502) x35<-(0:22677) x36<-(0:22993) x37<-(0:24698) x38<-(0:22527) x39<-(0:21985) x40<-(0:21761) x41<-(0:21907) x42<-(0:24601) x43<-(0:23302) x44<-(0:25623)x46<-(0:23025)x47<-(0:23470)x48<-(0:25339)x49<-(0:23715)x50<-(0:23888)x51<-(0:25195)x52<-(0:21876)x53<-(0:24885)x54<-(0:21979)x55<-(0:26188)x56<-(0:22519)x57<-(0:24731)x58<-(0:24403)x59<-(0:23467)x60<-(0:21656)x61<-(0:25617)x62<-(0:20787)y1=46.5565*log(x1+1)y2=65.3305*log(x2+1)y3=47.4263*log(x3+1)y4=48.9360*log(x4+1)y5=47.8150*log(x5+1)y6=52.8826*log(x6+1)y7=54.6087*log(x7+1)y8=47.1048*log(x8+1)y9=40.8127*log(x9+1)y10=37.5829*log(x10+1) y11=38.6032*log(x11+1) y12=33.8515*log(x12+1) y13=43.7122*log(x13+1) y14=40.8806*log(x14+1) y15=43.4589*log(x15+1) y16=38.9631*log(x16+1) y17=38.9137*log(x17+1) y18=46.8657*log(x18+1) y19=58.9240*log(x19+1) y20=47.4116*log(x20+1) y21=42.4020*log(x21+1) y22=42.4892*log(x22+1) y23=41.9488*log(x23+1) y24=53.2226*log(x24+1) y25=43.5292*log(x25+1) y26=60.0118*log(x26+1)y27=63.7109*log(x27+1)y28=48.7320*log(x28+1)y29=65.6262*log(x29+1)y30=60.0022*log(x30+1)y31=58.8607*log(x31+1)y32=55.8225*log(x32+1)y33=69.5000*log(x33+1)y34=56.8783*log(x34+1)y35=62.5178*log(x35+1)y36=84.8353*log(x36+1)y37=46.1713*log(x37+1)y38=54.0782*log(x38+1)y39=95.4175*log(x39+1)y40=74.4900*log(x40+1)y41=55.5299*log(x41+1)y42=71.5092*log(x42+1)y43=64.7353*log(x43+1)y44=57.8252*log(x44+1)y45=82.8769*log(x45+1)y46=68.7947*log(x46+1)y47=64.2916*log(x47+1)y48=54.6344*log(x48+1)y49=71.1740*log(x49+1)y50=72.6106*log(x50+1)y51=41.8375*log(x51+1)y52=44.9306*log(x52+1)y53=41.8887*log(x53+1)y54=65.7139*log(x54+1)y55=62.6161*log(x55+1)y56=50.0890*log(x56+1)y57=75.9204*log(x57+1)y58=57.5105*log(x58+1)y59=41.8348*log(x59+1)y60=52.0881*log(x60+1)y61=72.3078*log(x61+1)y62=60.8521*log(x62+1)lines(x1,y1,type = "l",col=1) lines(x2,y2,type = "l",col=2) lines(x3,y3,type = "l",col=3) lines(x4,y4,type = "l",col=4) lines(x5,y5,type = "l",col=5) lines(x6,y6,type = "l",col=6) lines(x7,y7,type = "l",col=7) lines(x8,y8,type = "l",col=8)lines(x9,y9,type = "l",col=9) lines(x10,y10,type = "l",col=10) lines(x11,y11,type = "l",col=11) lines(x12,y12,type = "l",col=12) lines(x13,y13,type = "l",col=13) lines(x14,y14,type = "l",col=14) lines(x15,y15,type = "l",col=15) lines(x16,y16,type = "l",col=16) lines(x17,y17,type = "l",col=17) lines(x18,y18,type = "l",col=18) lines(x19,y19,type = "l",col=19) lines(x20,y20,type = "l",col=20) lines(x21,y21,type = "l",col=21) lines(x22,y22,type = "l",col=22) lines(x23,y23,type = "l",col=23) lines(x24,y24,type = "l",col=24) lines(x25,y25,type = "l",col=25) lines(x26,y26,type = "l",col=26) lines(x27,y27,type = "l",col=27) lines(x28,y28,type = "l",col=28) lines(x29,y29,type = "l",col=29) lines(x30,y30,type = "l",col=30) lines(x31,y31,type = "l",col=31) lines(x32,y32,type = "l",col=32) lines(x33,y33,type = "l",col=33) lines(x34,y34,type = "l",col=34) lines(x35,y35,type = "l",col=35) lines(x36,y36,type = "l",col=36) lines(x37,y37,type = "l",col=37) lines(x38,y38,type = "l",col=38) lines(x39,y39,type = "l",col=39) lines(x40,y40,type = "l",col=40) lines(x41,y41,type = "l",col=41) lines(x42,y42,type = "l",col=42) lines(x43,y43,type = "l",col=43) lines(x44,y44,type = "l",col=44) lines(x45,y45,type = "l",col=45) lines(x46,y46,type = "l",col=46) lines(x47,y47,type = "l",col=47) lines(x48,y48,type = "l",col=48) lines(x49,y49,type = "l",col=49) lines(x50,y50,type = "l",col=50) lines(x51,y51,type = "l",col=51) lines(x52,y52,type = "l",col=52)lines(x53,y53,type = "l",col=53)lines(x54,y54,type = "l",col=54)lines(x55,y55,type = "l",col=55)lines(x56,y56,type = "l",col=56)lines(x57,y57,type = "l",col=57)lines(x58,y58,type = "l",col=58)lines(x59,y59,type = "l",col=59)lines(x60,y60,type = "l",col=60)lines(x61,y61,type = "l",col=61)lines(x62,y62,type = "l",col=62)plot(x,y,type="o",xlab="年份",ylab="火灾(起)",ylim=c(0,maxy),col="red",main="1950年到2010年火灾年度统计",pch=c(15)a=rep(0,8271)a[order(runif(8271))[1:468]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(a,"sample01.csv")x2=rep(0,8271)x2[order(runif(8271))[1:656]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x2,"sample02.csv",sep = ",")x3=rep(0,8271)x3[order(runif(8271))[1:477]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x3,"sample03.csv",sep = ",")x4=rep(0,8271)x4[order(runif(8271))[1:500]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x4,"sample04.csv",sep = ",")x5=rep(0,8271)x5[order(runif(8271))[1:484]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x5,"sample05.csv",sep = ",")x6=rep(0,8271)x6[order(runif(8271))[1:532]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x6,"sample06.csv",sep = ",")x7=rep(0,8271)x7[order(runif(8271))[1:547]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x7,"sample07.csv",sep = ",")x8=rep(0,8271)x8[order(runif(8271))[1:486]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x8,"sample08.csv",sep = ",")x9=rep(0,8271)x9[order(runif(8271))[1:413]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x9,"sample09.csv",sep = ",")x10=rep(0,8271)x10[order(runif(8271))[1:374]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x10,"sample10.csv",sep = ",")x11=rep(0,8271)x11[order(runif(8271))[1:392]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x11,"sample11.csv",sep = ",")x12=rep(0,8271)x12[order(runif(8271))[1:340]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x12,"sample12.csv",sep = ",")x13=rep(0,8271)x13[order(runif(8271))[1:446]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x13,"sample13.csv",sep = ",")x14=rep(0,8271)x14[order(runif(8271))[1:415]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x14,"sample14.csv",sep = ",") x15=rep(0,8271)x15[order(runif(8271))[1:440]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x15,"sample15.csv",sep = ",") x16=rep(0,8271)x16[order(runif(8271))[1:397]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x16,"sample16.csv",sep = ",") x17=rep(0,8271)x17[order(runif(8271))[1:392]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x17,"sample17.csv",sep = ",") x18=rep(0,8271)x18[order(runif(8271))[1:470]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x18,"sample18.csv",sep = ",") x19=rep(0,8271)x19[order(runif(8271))[1:601]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x19,"sample19.csv",sep = ",")x20=rep(0,8271)x20[order(runif(8271))[1:484]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x20,"sample20.csv",sep = ",")x21=rep(0,8271)x21[order(runif(8271))[1:434]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(a,"sample21.csv",sep = ",")x22=rep(0,8271)x22[order(runif(8271))[1:427]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x22,"sample22.csv",sep = ",")x23=rep(0,8271)x23[order(runif(8271))[1:424]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x23,"sample23.csv",sep = ",")x24=rep(0,8271)x24[order(runif(8271))[1:541]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x24,"sample24.csv",sep = ",")x25=rep(0,8271)x25[order(runif(8271))[1:439]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x25,"sample25.csv",sep = ",")x26=rep(0,8271)x26[order(runif(8271))[1:595]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x26,"sample26.csv",sep = ",")x27=rep(0,8271)x27[order(runif(8271))[1:649]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x27,"sample27.csv",sep = ",")x28=rep(0,8271)x28[order(runif(8271))[1:496]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(a,"sample28.csv",sep = ",")x29=rep(0,8271)x29[order(runif(8271))[1:664]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x29,"sample29.csv",sep = ",")x30=rep(0,8271)x30[order(runif(8271))[1:605]] = 1setwd("D:\\Rwork\\")> write.csv(x30,"sample30.csv",sep = ",")468,656,477,500,484,532,547,486,413,374,392,340,446,415,440,397,392, 470,601,484,434,427,424,541,439,595,649,496,664,605,589,394x1 <- round(runif(368,min = 1,max=8171))x2 <- round(runif(556,min = 1,max=8171))x3 <- round(runif(377,min = 1,max=8171))x4 <- round(runif(400,min = 1,max=8171))x5 <- round(runif(384,min = 1,max=8171))x6 <- round(runif(432,min = 1,max=8171))x7 <- round(runif(447,min = 1,max=8171)) x8 <- round(runif(386,min = 1,max=8171)) x9 <- round(runif(313,min = 1,max=8171)) x10 <- round(runif(274,min = 1,max=8171)) data1=intersect(x1,x2)data2=intersect(x1,x3)data3=intersect(x1,x4)data4=intersect(x1,x5)data5=intersect(x1,x6)data6=intersect(x1,x7)data7=intersect(x1,x8)data8=intersect(x1,x9)data9=intersect(x1,x10)data10=intersect(x2,x3)data11=intersect(x3,x2)data12=intersect(x5,x2)data13=intersect(x6,x2)data14=intersect(x7,x2)data15=intersect(x8,x2)data16=intersect(x9,x2)data17=intersect(x10,x2)data18=intersect(x3,x4)data19=intersect(x3,x5)data20=intersect(x3,x6)data20=intersect(x3,x7)data21=intersect(x3,x8)data22=intersect(x3,x9)data23=intersect(x3,x10)data24=intersect(x4,x5)data25=intersect(x4,x6)data26=intersect(x4,x7)data27=intersect(x4,x8)data28=intersect(x4,x9)data29=intersect(x4,x10)data30=intersect(x5,x6)data31=intersect(x5,x7)data32=intersect(x5,x8)data33=intersect(x5,x9)data34=intersect(x5,x10)data35=intersect(x6,x7)data36=intersect(x6,x8)data37=intersect(x6,x9)data38=intersect(x6,x10)data39=intersect(x7,x8)data40=intersect(x7,x9) data41=intersect(x7,x10) data42=intersect(x8,x9) data43=intersect(x8,x10) data44=intersect(x9,x10)。

R语言基本命令1.> mean(X1) 均值2.>sd(X1) 标准差var(x)方差median(x)中位数3.>plot() 体重和数据的散点图lines()用线连接，get_dist()热量图4.在读取R文件时，文件路径出错，使用getwd()和setwd()两种命令来查询和修改R语言的工作空间5.载入工作空间> load("MyWorkSpace.RData")6.保存工作空间> save.image("MyWorkSpace.RData")7.列出全部变量名>ls()8. %/%表示整数除法，%%表示求余数9. range(x)表示范围10. which.min(x)在第几个位置取到最大值11. seq()等间隔函数12. rep() 重复函数13. is.na()检测缺失数据的函数14. is.nan()检测数据是否不确定15. is.finite()检测数据是否有限), is.infinite()检测数据是否无穷16. paste()可以把字符向量变成字符串17.x[v]取出所有v为真值的数18.读文件表rd <- read.delim("C:/R语言工作空间/文件名”)19.table（）可以看出良性和阴性的个数20. M = matrix(0,c(m,n))#生成m行n列的0矩阵。

21. M = rbind(X,Y)#按行合并矩阵X和Y形成新矩阵M。

(X和Y列数需相同）22. M = cbind(X,Y)#按列合并矩阵X和Y形成新矩阵M。

(X和Y行数需相同）23. colnames(M)#矩阵M的列名。

24. rownames(M)#矩阵M的行名。

25. nrow(M)#矩阵M的行数。

26. ncol(M)#矩阵M的列数。

27.diag(M)#矩阵M的对角线元素形成的向量28.M = diag(x)#生成以向量x为对角线元素，其他位置元素为0的矩阵M。

因为是考R命令，建议大家敲一下这些命令，理解的更容易一些，而且也方便以后使用。

R基本命令：R赋值：=和<-和->查看当前环境变量ls() 删除变量rm() 查看和导入R中的预存数据data()eg.删除所有对象rm(list=ls())，删除变量x和y：rm(x,y)测试运行时间：system.time()获取帮助：(eg.solve函数)：①?solve②help(solve)③example(solve)加载R文件:source(“one.r”)sink函数：sink(“a.r”) 输出流定向到a.r里，sink()重新将输出流定向到控制台常用函数：log2(),log10(),幂exp(),平方sqrt()…R基本数据结构R的基本数据结构：向量(最重要的对象)、矩阵、数组、数据框、因子、列表构建向量:x<-c(1,2,3,4,5)等价于c(1:5)->x等价于assign("x", c(1,2,3,4,5))等价于x<-seq(1,5,length=5)表示构建从1到5 的长度为5的等差数列z<-c(8,6,4,2)等价于z<-c(2*4:1)等价于z<-seq(8,2,length=4)y<-c(x,0,x) 创建11个元素的y向量。

向量的运算：每一个元素都可以进行相应的运算，且长度可以不同。

v <- 2*x + y + 1产生长度为11的向量v，它由2*x重复2.2次，y重复一次，1重复11次得到的向量相加而成。

常用函数(针对向量)：均值mean()、方差var()、最大值max()、最小值min()长度length(), 累积乘积prod(),升序排序sort()、最大最小值range()。

unique()可去重复其他函数:s5 <- rep(x, times=5)将x拷贝5次放到s5中is.na(x)返回一个逻辑向量，表示x中是否是NA（not available）,若是NA则返回TRUE类似的有is.nan(x)判断是否为NaN(NaN表示数据不可利用,如0/0)is.null(x)判断对象x是否为空，is.infinite判断x的元素是否为Inf(无穷)构建字符向量:x<-c(“Hello”,”World”)等价于x=c(‘Hello’,’World’)等价于x<-paste(c(‘Hello’,’World’)) paste()函数将参数一个接一个按照分隔符连接：如paste(c("chr"),c(1:22,’X’,’Y’),sep="")返回chr1，chr2直到chrY.索引向量：在向量x的方括号中加入索引变量可获得x的子集eg. x[is.infinite(x)]<- -1将x中为无穷的数全部替换成-1x[c(3,1,5,1,2,3)] 取x的第3,1,5,1,2,3个元素，x[1:5]取x前5个元素。

Mac命令行常用命令速查手册快速掌握基本操作在以下内容中，我将为你提供Mac命令行常用命令速查手册，帮助你快速掌握基本操作。

1. 查看当前目录：pwd使用该命令可以显示当前所在的工作目录的路径。

2. 列出目录内容：ls输入"ls"命令，可以列出当前目录中的文件和子目录。

3. 切换目录：cd"cd"命令用于切换当前工作目录。

例如，输入"cd Documents"可进入Documents目录。

4. 创建目录：mkdir使用"mkdir"命令可以创建新的目录。

例如，输入"mkdir Folder1"可在当前目录下创建名为Folder1的新目录。

5. 创建文件：touch输入"touch"命令可创建新文件。

例如，输入"touch file.txt"可创建名为file.txt的空白文件。

6. 删除文件或目录：rm通过输入"rm"命令可以删除指定的文件或目录。

例如，输入"rm file.txt"可删除名为file.txt的文件。

7. 复制文件或目录：cp通过"cp"命令可以复制文件或目录到指定位置。

例如，输入"cp file.txt Documents"可将file.txt复制到Documents目录。

8. 移动文件或目录：mv使用"mv"命令可以将文件或目录移动到指定位置。

例如，输入"mv file.txt Documents"可将file.txt移动到Documents目录。

9. 查看文件内容：cat"cat"命令可用于显示文件的内容。

例如，输入"cat file.txt"可查看file.txt文件的内容。

10. 清空命令行窗口：clear使用"clear"命令可以清除命令行窗口中的所有内容，让界面变空白。

【R】R语⾔⼿册2018-07-30 21:09:07在R的官⽅教程⾥是这么给R下注解的:⼀个数据分析和图形显⽰的程序设计环境(A system for data analysis and visualization which is built based on S language.)。

R的源起R是S语⾔的⼀种实现。

S语⾔是由 AT&T贝尔实验室开发的⼀种⽤来进⾏数据探索、统计分析、作图的解释型语⾔。

最初S语⾔的实现版本主要是S-PLUS。

S-PLUS是⼀个商业软件，它基于S语⾔，并由MathSoft公司的统计科学部进⼀步完善。

后来Auckland⼤学的Robert Gentleman 和 Ross Ihaka 及其他志愿⼈员开发了⼀个R系统。

R的使⽤与S-PLUS有很多类似之处，两个软件有⼀定的兼容性。

R is freeR是⽤于统计分析、绘图的语⾔和操作环境。

R是属于GNU系统的⼀个⾃由、免费、源代码开放的软件，它是⼀个⽤于统计计算和统计制图的优秀⼯具。

R是⼀套完整的数据处理、计算和制图软件系统。

其功能包括：数据存储和处理系统；数组运算⼯具（其向量、矩阵运算⽅⾯功能尤其强⼤）；完整连贯的统计分析⼯具；优秀的统计制图功能；简便⽽强⼤的编程语⾔：可操纵数据的输⼊和输⼊，可实现分⽀、循环，⽤户可⾃定义功能。

R是⼀个免费的⾃由软件，它有UNIX、LINUX、MacOS和WINDOWS版本，都是可以免费下载和使⽤的,在那⼉可以下载到R的安装程序、各种外挂程序和⽂档。

在R的安装程序中只包含了8个基础模块，其他外在模块可以通过CRAN获得。

R的特点(1) 有效的数据处理和保存机制。

(2) 拥有⼀整套数组和矩阵的操作运算符。

(3) ⼀系列连贯⽽⼜完整的数据分析中间⼯具。

(4) 图形统计可以对数据直接进⾏分析和显⽰，可⽤于多种图形设备。

(5) ⼀种相当完善、简洁和⾼效的程序设计语⾔。

它包括条件语句、循环语句、⽤户⾃定义的递归函数以及输⼊输出接⼝。

快速入门WinR命令（附图）最近在学习Linux，被命令行深深吸引了，陷入其中不能自拔，考虑到Windows上也有cmd命令行，但对新人来说不是很友好。

这次我们就先讲一下Win+R运行框里的快捷键，绝对能提高不少效率！什么是Win+R防止有些小白看不懂，所以说明一些，使用Windows+R快捷键就可以打开如下图的运行窗口，在里面输入命令可以方便快捷地打开很多东西，而且本文的所有操作都是在这个运行框里输入的，不要与cmd弄混了。

计算机管理在Win+R运行框里输入compmgmt.msc，就会弹出Windows 自带的计算机管理器，日常用到它的情况也比较多，如下图。

为什么说它重要呢，连它的每一个小的分项都自带命令！而且这些命令也很常用，部分如下：•lusrmgr.msc（本机用户和用户）：用于设置用户的权限等信息。

•devmgmt.msc（设备管理）：计算机的硬件设备以及安装的驱动管理。

•diskmgmt.msc（磁盘管理）：可以看到磁盘的分区等信息，也可以自己开辟分区。

•services.msc（本地服务设置）：有些程序只有开启了相关的服务才能运行，就在这里设置。

•perfmon.msc（性能监视器）：性能监视器，作用不大。

•eventvwr（事件查看器）：查看计算机最近执行的事件，如果蓝屏，可以重启后打开这个看是由于什么事件引起的。

管理信息这里的命令分类其实不是很准确，只是觉得这些易于理解，而且后面两个命令比较常用，特别是涉及到计算机的一些深层次的东西的时候往往会用到。

•explorer（文件资源管理器）：不常用，没Win+E来的方便。

•taskmgr（任务管理器）：还行，也有快捷键Esc+Shift+Ctrl，哪个方便因人而异。

•certmgr.msc（证书管理器）：查看电脑上的所有证书，不常用。

•secpol.msc（本地安全策略）：电脑安全方面的设置，不常用。

•regedit/regedt（注册表编辑器）：删除某些程序的时候用的到。

r中查看数据框结构的命令-回复R中查看数据框结构的命令是str()。

str()函数用于显示数据框的结构，包括每个变量的类型和前几个值。

在本文中，我们将逐步回答有关str()函数的问题。

一、什么是str()函数？str()函数是一个内置的R函数，用于显示数据框的结构。

它提供了有关数据框的重要信息，例如变量的类型、长度和前几个值。

通过查看数据框的结构，我们可以更好地了解数据，为后续的分析和处理工作做准备。

二、如何使用str()函数？要使用str()函数，我们首先需要有一个数据框。

假设我们有一个名为df 的数据框，我们可以使用以下代码来查看其结构：str(df)在运行上述代码后，R会输出数据框的结构信息，包括每个变量的类型和前几个值。

这些信息将显示在控制台上。

三、str()函数的输出是什么？str()函数的输出包括两部分信息：变量的类型和前几个值。

- 变量的类型使用R的数据类型来表示，如字符型（character）、数值型（numeric）、逻辑型（logical）等。

每个变量的类型将在方括号内显示。

- 前几个值是为了让用户对数据有一个直观的印象。

对于字符型变量，前几个值将以引号括起来显示；对于数值型变量，前几个值将直接显示；对于逻辑型变量，前几个值将显示为TRUE或FALSE。

四、str()函数的输出示例让我们通过一个示例来演示str()函数的输出。

假设我们有一个名为df的数据框，包含三个变量：姓名（character）、年龄（numeric）和学历（factor）。

我们可以使用以下代码来创建这个数据框：name <- c("Alice", "Bob", "Cathy")age <- c(23, 35, 28)education <- factor(c("Bachelor", "Master", "PhD"))df <- data.frame(name, age, education)接下来，我们使用str()函数来查看数据框df的结构：str(df)运行上述代码后，R会输出以下信息：'data.frame': 3 obs. of 3 variables:name : chr "Alice" "Bob" "Cathy"age : num 23 35 28education: Factor w/ 3 levels "Bachelor","Master",..: 1 2 3上述输出告诉我们df是一个数据框，有三个变量：name、age和education。

r语言查看函数用法
在R语言中，您可以使用`?`符号来查看函数的用法。

例如，如果您想查看
`mean()`函数的用法，可以在R的命令行中输入`?mean`，然后按Enter键。

R将显示关于`mean()`函数的详细信息，包括其参数、返回值和示例。

另外，您也可以使用`help()`函数来获取函数的帮助信息。

例如，要获取
`mean()`函数的帮助信息，可以在R的命令行中输入`help(mean)`，然后按Enter键。

如果您正在使用RStudio，那么可以使用其内置的帮助文档浏览器来查看函数的用法。

在RStudio的菜单栏中，选择“帮助”>“帮助文档浏览器”，然后在搜索框中输入您要查找的函数名称。

setwd( )：设定R软件当前工作目录。

getwd( )：查看R软件当前工作目录。

list.files( ): 查看当前目录下文件。

file.show( ): 显示文件。

file.access( ): 查看文件是否可读可写。

file.create( ): 创建一个文件。

例如：file.create(“D:/lesong.xls”). dir.create( ): 创建一个目录。

例如：dir.create(D:/lesong).file.remove( ):删除一个文件。

File.choose( ):选择一个文件。

读数据函数read.table( )主要参数解释：read.table(file, header = FALSE, sep = "", quote = ""'",dec = ".", s, s,as.is = !stringsAsFactors,na.strings = "NA", colClasses = NA, nrows = -1,skip = 0, s = TRUE, fill = !blank.lines.skip, strip.white = FALSE, blank.lines.skip = TRUE,comment.char = "#",allowEscapes = FALSE, flush = FALSE,stringsAsFactors = default.stringsAsFactors(),fileEncoding = "", encoding = "unknown") header:逻辑参数。

指定是否文件第一行为变量名。

na.strings:指定缺失文字。

skip:指定读数据跳过的行数。

nrows:指定数据读入最大的行数。