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The Appreciation of American TV SeriesPart I. American TV StationNBC•The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City’s Rockefeller Center.•It is sometimes referred to as the Peacock Network due to its stylized peacock logo, created exclusively for color broadcasts.•Formed in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), NBC was the first major broadcast network in the United States. In 1986, control of NBC passed to General Electric (GE), with GE’s $6.4 billion purchase of RCA.•NBC is available in an estimated 112 million households, 98.6% of those with televisions. NBC has 10 owned-and-operated stations and nearly 200 affiliates in the United States and its territories.ABC•American Broadcasting Company•Created in 1943 from the former NBC Blue radio network, ABC is owned by The Walt Disney Company and is part of Disney-ABC Television Group. It first broadcast on television in 1948.•Corporate headquarters are in Manhattan in New York City, while programming offices are in Burbank, California adjacent to the Walt Disney Studios and the Walt Disney Company corporate headquarters.•The network is sometimes referred to as the Alphabet Network, due to the letters "ABC" being the first three letters of the Latin alphabet, in order.2004 -- Present•Determined not to lose its prominence on TV, ABC was able to find success in ratings beginning in 2004. In the fall of that year, ABC premiered two highly anticipated series Desperate Housewives, and Lost. Immediately, the network’s ratings skyrocketed to unprecedented levels.•It followed up its prosperity with the premieres of Grey’s Anatomy in 2005, and in 2006, the dramedy Ugly Betty, which are all popular among viewers and critically acclaimed.•ABC continues to place second in ratings thanks to its highly popular shows, mainly Desperate Housewives, Lost, Grey's Anatomy, Ugly Betty, and Dancing with the Stars, although it has slipped to third since 2007.•In April 2009, ABC announced that they will bring Who Wants to be a Millionaire back into Primetime for a 2-week lifespan in response to the popularity of the 2008 Oscar-winning film Slumdog Millionaire.•There have been attempts to broaden the ABC brand name. In 2004, ABC launched a news cha nnel called “ABC News Now”. Its aim is to provide round-the-clock news on over-the-air digital TV, cable TV, the Internet, and mobile phones.•Good Morning America (GMA) is an American news Morning show and talk show that isbroadcast on the ABC television network, debuting on November 3, 1975.•The show features news, talk, weather, and special interest stories. It is produced live from Times Square Studios in New York City and fed to all network affiliates. The program is currently hosted by Diane Sawyer and Robin Roberts.TNT•TNT (originally Turner Network Television) is an American cable TV channel created by media mogul Robert Edward “Ted” Turner III and currently owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner.•On June 12, 2001, TNT relaunched itself, with a new logo and tagline, "We Know Drama.", which emphasized the channel’s new focus on programming with drama and energy, such as sports and network TV dramas like Angel, Law & Order, Charmed, NYPD Blue, ER, Without a Trace, Alias, Judging Amy, Las Vegas, Leverage and Cold Case.•In 2004, TNT became the first Turner channel to begin broadcasting in High Definition. TNT is also one of the Turner-owned channels which now shows the classic 1939 film The Wizard of Oz.•On December 7, 2008, TNT unveiled a new ad campaign with a newly stylized update of its logo, mainly in shiny silver but sometimes in gold.•The campaign will continue to use the channel’s tagline “We Know Drama” but with more of a focus on its original series and its plan to have three nights of original primetime programming starting in 2009.CBS•CBS Broadcasting Inc. is an American television network, which started out as a radio network.•The name is derived from the initials of the network’s former name, Columbia Broadcasti ng System. The network is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network or more simply The Eye, in reference to the shape of the company’s logo.•The CBS Building in New York City, also known as “Black Rock”, is the 38-story headquarters of the CBS Corporation.2002 -- Present•The turning point for CBS came in the summer of 2000 when it debuted the summer reality show Survivor, which became a surprise summer hit for the network.•In January 2001, CBS debuted the second season of the show after its airing of the Super Bowl, and moved the police procedural C.S.I. to Thursdays and was both able to chip away at and eventually beat NBC’s Thursday night lineup, and attract younger viewers to the network.•CBS has had additional successes with police procedurals Cold Case, Without a Trace, Criminal Minds, NCIS, and The Mentalist, along with CSI: Miami and CSI: NY, and sitcoms Everybody Loves Raymond, Two and a Half Men, How I Met Your Mother, The Big Bang Theory and The New Adventures of Old Christine.•During the 2007-2008 season, Fox ranked as the top-rated network, primarily due to itsreliance on American Idol. However, according to Nielsen, CBS ended up as the top-rated network for the 2008-2009 season.FOX•The Fox Broadcasting Company (FBC), commonly referred to as FOX, is owned by Fox Entertainment Group, part of Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation.•The network is named after sister company 20th Century Fox, and indirectly for producer William Fox, who founded one of the movie studio’s predecessors, Fox Film.1986 -- 2009•Launched on October 9, 1986, from 2004 to 2009 FOX was the highest-rated broadcast network in the 18–49 demographic. In the 2007–08 season, FOX became the most popular network in America in household ratings for the first time in its history, replacing CBS. CBS took back the top spot in the 2008-09 season, though FOX remains a solid runner-up.2000s: The Idol Effect•FOX arguably hit a few bumps in its programming during 1999 and the early 2000s. Many staple shows of the 1990s had ended or were on the decline. During this time, FOX put much of its efforts into producing reality fare with subjects often seen as extravagant, shocking, and/or distasteful.•Between 2000 and 2009, FOX added the cable channels FOX College Sports, Fuel TV, FOX Reality Channel and FOX Business Network.•After shedding most of these shows, FOX regained a ratings foothold with acclaimed dramas such as 24, The O.C., House and Bones.•By 2005, FOX’s most popular show by far was the talent search American Idol, peaking at up to 37 mill ion viewers on certain episodes and being the nation’s highest-rated program in the 2004–05 season. House, airing after Idol on Tuesday nights and having had a successful run of summer repeats in 2005, positioned itself as a top-ten hit in the 2005–06 season.•FOX hit a milestone in February 2005 by scoring its first-ever sweeps victory among all viewers. This was largely due to the broadcast of Super Bowl XXXIX, but also on the strength of American Idol, 24, House, and The O.C.•By the end of the 2004–05 television season, FOX ranked No. 1 for the first time in its history among the 18–49 demographic most appealing to advertisers.•Another milestone came on May 21, 2008, FOX took the #1 general households rating crown for the first time, based on the strength of Super Bowl XLII and American Idol.Syfy•Syfy is an American cable television channel launched on September 24, 1992, that specializes in science fiction, fantasy, horror, and paranormal programming. The name Syfy was officially adopted on July 7, 2009.Sci Fi Syfy•On March 16, 2009, Sci Fi announced that it would be changing its name to Syfy as part of an on-going rebranding effort. Network officials also noted that, unlike the generic term “sci-fi” which represents the entire science fiction genre, the term “Syfy” can be protected by trademark and therefore would be easier to market on other goods or services without fear of confusion with other companies’ products.•Syfy's programming includes original television movies, miniseries, and series. In the past, the channel has also aired many canceled "cult classic" science fiction TV shows.•It gained national prominence in 2003 with the airing of Steven Spielberg Presents: Taken, which won the Emmy Award that year for best miniseries. In 2006, it also began including several non-sci-fi programs in its line-up, such as Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, WWE's ECW and WCG Ultimate Gamer.HBO•Home Box Office (HBO), a premium television programming owned by Warner Brothers Entertainment subsidiary of Time Warner, offers two 24/7 pay television services (HBO and Cinemax) to over 38 million U.S. subscribers in the United States.•HBO programming is broadcast into over 150 countries worldwide.SHOWTIME•Showtime is a subscription television brand used by a number of channels and platforms around the world, but primarily refers to a group of channels in the United States. As of August 2005, Showtime's programming is available to around 13 million subscribers in the United States. •Showtime primarily shows motion pictures as well as some original programming and occasional boxing and MMA matches.Part II. Explanation of TermsA.PilotB.EpisodeC.SeasonD.TeleplayE.Spin-offugh Trackedy-drama H.CliffhangerI.RerunJ.HiatusK.Audience Measurement L.WGAM.ATASN.Emmy AwardA. Pilot•Pilot (or Television Pilot) is a test episode of an intended television series, also, it’s an early step in the development of a television series.•Functions:works use pilots to discover whether an entertaining concept can be successfullyrealized.2.After seeing this sample of the proposed product, networks will then determine whetherthe expense of additional episodes is justified.Variety estimates that only a little over a quarter of all pilots made for American television succeed to the series stage.B. Episode•An episode is a part of a dramatic work such as a serial television or radio program.•Episodes which end in the middle of a climatic moment are often called cliffhangers, after the name used for early movie serials. Such episodes are frequently used in season finales of many prime time shows.•Shows usually have numbers or codes (aka, Production codes/numbers) for each episode.The X-Files, for example, assigned a code in the format "sXnn", with 's' identifying the season number and 'nn' being a two-digit number for each show, starting with '01'.C. Season•In North America and Australia, the term used to describe a regular run of episodes is a television season or simply, season. For example, a season of a television series might consist of 20–26 episodes broadcast regularly between September and May with a hiatus during the (Christmas/New Year’s Eve) holidays.•Alternatively, it may comprise 20–26 consecutive episodes between September and December or January and May. The latter is often referred to as a "non-stop season", which are usually used for serial television series (e.g., 24 and Lost). Another example might be a series that airs only a 6–13 episode season during the summer.•In the United States, most regular television series have 20 to 26 episodes per season. In general, dramas usually last 44 minutes (an hour with advertisements), while comedies last 22 (30 with advertisements).D. Teleplay• A teleplay is a play written or adapted for television. The term surfaced during the 1950swith wide usage to distinguish a TV script from stage plays for the theater and screenplays written for films.•In modern usage, a "teleplay" generally refers to a script written for a television series.Formats vary depending on the type of show.•The format for the average one-hour drama, however, at first glance looks virtually identical to a screenplay. The main difference between a screenplay and a teleplay, aside from length, is that a teleplay is split into acts. This allows the writer to control when commercial breaks will occur; commercials are placed between the acts.E. Spin-off• A spin-off is a new organization or entity formed by a split from a larger one, such as a television series based on a pre-existing one.•The term sub-series is generally used instead of spin-off, but with essentially the same meaning.F. Laugh Track• A laugh track, (laughter soundtrack, laughter track, LFN “Laughter From Nowhere”, canned laughter or a laughing audience) is a separate soundtrack invented by Charles Douglass, with the artificial sound of audience laughter, made to be inserted into TV comedy shows and sitcoms.•The first American television show to incorporate a laugh track was the American sitcom The Hank McCune Show in 1950.G. Comedy-drama•Comedy-drama, also called dramedy or seriocomedy, is a style of television, theatre and film in which there is an equal or nearly equal balance of humor and serious content.H. Cliffhanger• A cliffhanger (or cliffhanger ending), is a plot device in fiction which features a main character in a precarious or difficult dilemma, or confronted with a shocking revelation. A cliffhanger is hoped to ensure the audience will return to see how the characters resolve the dilemma.I. Rerun• A rerun (or repeat), is a re-airing of an episode of a radio or television broadcast.•There are two types of reruns—those that occur during a hiatus, and those that occur when a program is syndicated.•Reruns can also be, as the case with more popular shows, when a show is aired outside of its timeslot (e.g. in the afternoon).J. Hiatus•In television scheduling, a hiatus refers to a break of at least several weeks in the normal schedule of a television program. It can occur during a season of a television program, or can be between television seasons (usually starting in June and ending in August whenshooting starts for the next season).•In recent years, some television shows have been placed “on hiatus” by their networks for long periods of up to several years, effectively canceling them while leaving viewers and producers with the possible hope of the shows’ eventual return.K. Audience Measurement•Audience Measurement measure how many people are in an audience, usually in relation to radio listenership and television viewership, but also newspaper and magazine readership, and increasingly, usage of websites.•It is, to help broadcasters and advertisers determine who is listening, rather than just how many. This broader meaning is called audience research.L. WGA•The Writers Guild of America is a generic term referring to the joint efforts of two different US labor unions:•The Writers Guild of America, East (WGAE), representing TV and film writers around New York City.•The Writers Guild of America, West (WGAW), representing TV and film writers in Hollywood and southern California.M. ATAS•The Academy of Television Arts & Sciences was founded in 1946; just one month after network television was born.•It is a nonprofit organization devoted to the advancement of telecommunications arts and sciences and to fostering creative leadership in the telecommunications industry.•The Television Academy is the only major organization devoted entirely to television and is made up of more than 15,000 members representing 28 professional peer groups, including performers, directors, producers, art directors and various other artisans, technicians and executives.N. Emmy Award•The Emmy Award, also known as the 'Emmy', is a television production award, and is considered the television equivalent to the Academy Awards (for film), Grammy Awards (for music) and Tony Awards (for stage).•They are presented in various sectors of the television industry, including entertainment programming, news and documentary shows, and sports programming. As such, the awards are presented in various area-specific ceremonies held annually throughout the year. The best known of these ceremonies are the Primetime Emmy Awards.Why call it “Emmy”?•The name “Emmy” was derived from “Immy,” a nickname for the image orthicon camera tube (图像正析像管) , which was instrumental in the development of modern television.What’s meaning of the statuette?•The word was feminized as “Emmy” to complement the design chosen for the statuette, which depicted a winged, idealized woman holding an atom.•It become the symbol of the TV Academy's goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television: The wings represent the muse of art; the atom the electron of science.•In 1949, the Television Academy held the first Emmy Awards ceremony, an annual event created to recognize excellence in television programming.Part III. GenreA.Situation ComedyB.Medical DramaC.Sci-fi DramaD.Crime DramaE.Legal DramaF.Teen DramaG.Historical DramaH.Reality Show & Reality CompetitionI.Talk ShowJ.Miniseries & TV MoviesPart IV. Television Content Rating Systems•Television Content Rating Systems give television viewers an idea of the suitability of a television program for children and/or adults.•Many countries have their own television rating system and each country's rating process may differ due to local priorities.•Programs are rated by either the organization that manages the system, the broadcaster or by the content producers themselves.• A rating is usually set for each individual episode of a television series. The rating can change per episode, network, rerun and per country.TV Parental Guidelines•The system was first proposed on December 19, 1996 by the United States Congress, the television industry and the FCC, and went into effect by January 1, 1997 on most major broadcast and cable networks in response to public concerns of increasingly explicit sexual content, graphic violence and strong profanity in television programs.•It was established as a voluntary-participation system, with ratings to be determined by the individually-participating broadcast and cable networks.•But the guidelines themselves have no legal force, and does not apply to news or sports programming.RatingsTV-Y➢(All Children)•This program is designed to be appropriate for all children. Whether animated or live-action, the themes and elements in this program are specifically designed for a very young audience, including children from ages 2-6. This program is not expected to frighten younger children.TV-Y7➢(Directed to Older Children)•This program is designed for children age 7 and above. It may be more appropriate for children who have acquired the developmental skills needed to distinguish between make-believe and reality. Themes and elements in this program may include mild fantasy violence or comedic violence, or may frighten children under the age of 7. Therefore, parents may wish to consider the suitability of this program for their very young children.TV-G➢(General Audiences)•Most parents would find this program suitable for all ages. Although this rating does not signify a program designed specifically for children, most parents may let younger children watch this program unattended. It contains little or no violence, no strong language and little or no sexual dialogue or situations.•Many programs on Disney Channel use the TV-G rating instead of the TV-Y7 rating, as the programs aim more toward a family audience.TV-PG➢(Parental Guidance Suggested)•This rating signifies that the program may be unsuitable for children under age 10 or 12, without the guidance of a parent. Various game shows and most reality shows are rated TV-PG for their suggestive dialog, suggestive humor, and/or coarse language.•The TV-PG rating may be accompanied by one or more of the following sub-ratings:D for some suggestive dialogueL for infrequent coarse languageS for some sexual situationsV for moderate violenceTV-14➢(Parents Strongly Cautioned)•Programs issued the TV-14 rating are usually unsuitable for children under the age of 14 without the guidance of a parent or guardian.•Many programs that air after 9:00 pm are rated TV-14. Live programming like televised awards ceremonies, concerts, and some specials will be issued a general TV-14 rating, because of the possibility that profanity, nudity, or suggestive dialogue may occur.TV-MA➢(Mature Audience Only)• A TV-MA rating means the program may be unsuitable for those below 17 without parental guidance. The program may contain extreme graphic violence, strong profanity, overtly sexual dialogue, very coarse language, nudity and/or strong sexual content.Although not a very large number of shows carry this rating, South Park is a popular example of a show that carries a TV-MA rating.•This rating may be accompanied by any of the following sub-ratings:L for crude indecent languageS for explicit sexual situations/nudityV for graphic violence•For the first 15 seconds of every rated program lasting a half-hour or less, a large rating icon appears in the upper-left hand corner of the screen. For every rated program running an hour or longer, a rating appears in the upper-left hand corner of the TV screen at the beginning of each half hour.•Starting in June 2005, many networks now display the ratings after every commercial break. ABC was one of the first television networks to display the program's rating after every commercial break in addition to at the beginning of the program.。
CNN,ABC,FOX美国新闻台比较CNN:在1991年的海湾战争中，CNN的国际知名度得到提升，他们关于战争的现场报导吸引了全世界的目光。
由于CNN是通过与美国政府紧密合作而取得大多数的新闻的，很多人指责CNN并不试图做出准确的报导，而只是一个宣传工具。
由于遭到了很多关于「太美国中心」的指责，以及来自BBC和天空新闻的竞争，CNN国际现在为世界不同地区提供不同的新闻。
CNN在各地的新闻中心也聘请了很多当地记者，以确保能从更国际的观点来报导新闻。
在美国，CNN 则被保守派指责太过倾自由，而且在市场份额方面已经输给了福克斯新闻，目前是美国第二大新闻频道。
最著名的节目当属每晚的《拉里·金现场》，该节目是CNN（美国有线新闻网）收视率最高的节目。
节目开播于1985年，播出不久，就成为了CNN收视率最高的节目之一，而拉里·金也成为了第一个在世界范围内享有盛誉的脱口秀节目主持人。
播出时间：每一到周六18：00，周日17：00。
如今我们依旧能在CNN领略这位从业50载、73岁高龄的世界最富盛名的王牌主持人风采。
拉里·金2007年与CNN续约4年，年薪1400万美元，成为了历史上身价最高的男性新闻工作者。
拉里·金的做访谈节目的特点在于：直接、有人情味以及随机性。
直接体现在他那单刀直入的提问方式，从来都不拐弯抹角；虽然他的提问通常一针见血，却不会显露咄咄逼人的气势，反而是温文尔雅，注重受访者的感受；而随机性则在于他并不会在访谈之前进行过多的准备，在访谈过程中随时组织自己的问题。
FOX：尽管FOX NEWS新闻台影响力正因为在政治与娱乐之间得不到平衡而越来越得不到观众的信赖，但是它仍然是现在美国收视份额最高的电视新闻频道。
FOX NEWS的政治立场偏向保守中立，不过值得注意的是，最早揭露美军虐囚丑闻的，正是FOX 的新闻节目。
比起真人秀，FOX NEWS充分利用了它24小时不间断新闻频道的优势，因此除了常态的新闻报道之外，FOX也会做脱口秀节目。
美国：美国全国广播公司NBC
NBC作为全球最知名的电视机构，已经连续20年独家买断奥运会转播权，
加拿大：加拿大广播公司 CBC 独家转播
英国：BBC广播公司将播出奥运会节目
俄罗斯：俄罗斯NTV+ 电视台全程转播
澳大利亚：澳大利亚第7电视台和SBS电视台联手转播Seven Network澳大利亚第7电视台
澳大利亚：澳大利亚第7电视台和SBS电视台联手转播澳大利亚SBS电视台
德国：ARD电视台和ZDF电视台联手转播
德国：ARD电视台和ZDF电视台联手转播
法国：法国国家电视台LCI转播
日本：NHK日本广播协会率领五家电视台组成联合体转播
韩国：KBS韩国广播公司率领三家电视台组成联合体转播
香港无线电视台TVB，中国香港地区独家转播
台湾电视台
台湾中国电视公司
台湾民视电视公司
(ESPN) 。
美国NBC电视台发展历程和主要特色10级传媒信息实验班崔贝迪 2010211552 NBC(National Broadcasting Company)，美国全国广播公司简称，全美三大商业广播电视公司之一(其余两家分别是CBS 美国哥伦比亚广播公司和ABC 全称美国广播公司)。
总部设在纽约的洛克菲勒中心，同时在洛杉矶和芝加哥两个城市分别设有分部。
因为它的标志很像一只开屏的孔雀，NBC还有一个别称叫做“孔雀网”。
NBC是美国历史最久，实力最强的商业广播电视公司，目前是传媒联合大企业NBC Universal的一部分，拥有10个主营电视台，向下属200多家美国电视台提供节目。
一、发展历程（主要介绍电视部分）1.电视的萌芽阶段很长一段时间，NBC只是David Sarnoff销售电器的一种手段。
Sarnoff和RCA（美国无线电公司）制定了在1938年被美国联邦电信委员会颁布的广播法规，也在1939年-1940年在纽约的世界博览会向公众介绍了电视。
在世界博览会的同时，它还制定了一个NBC-RCV电视台每天的节目表。
1939年4月30号，富兰克林·罗斯福也参与了此次博览会，成为了美国历史上第一个出现在电视里的总统。
这次总统参与博览会的盛况NBC的纽约W2XBS Channel 1（现在叫WNBC-TVChannel 1）播出，在其覆盖区域内，有1000个观众收看了转播。
第二天，也就是1939年5月1号，四台电视机模型在纽约的各大商场展出。
值得注意的是，NBC率先将其电视摄像机用于诸如足球比赛、棒球比赛等，创造了很多电视历史中的“第一次”。
当电视的试验阶段结束之后，美国联邦电信委员会批准了全商业的电视广播，1941年1月1号之后执行。
NBC纽约电视台获得了第一个商业电视广播的牌照，同时使用了呼号WNBT (it is now WNBC-TV)。
最初，NBC电视台是一个收费的项目，只有在周末的时候才是免费开放的。
VOA、CNN和BBC分别是什么意思1、VOA：美国官方国际广播电台，隶属美国新闻署(Voice of America,简称VOA) 。
1942 年创立，总部设在华盛顿。
第二次世界大战后，广播对象由敌对国家转向社会主义国家。
VOA是美国*** 的喉舌，广播稿代表美国官方的政治态度和立场，因此它的新闻谈不上它所标榜的客观，公正。
但是播音员发音规范，字正腔圆，值得喜欢美音的听友模仿。
语速在140词/每分钟，较缓。
内容主要为世界新闻，广播对象主是为要发展中国家的听众。
难度相对较易，基础词汇量约在8000左右。
目前该类新闻在我国英语教学中使用相当普遍。
2、CNN：美国有线电视新闻网--Cable News Network的英文缩写，由特纳广播公司（TBS）董事长特德·特纳于1980年6月创办，通过卫星向有线电视网和卫星电视用户提供全天候的新闻节目，总部设在美国佐治亚洲的亚特兰大。
CNN，是在1991年海湾战争之后才开始在新闻界取得主导地位的。
当年战争爆发前，所有西方媒体都撤离了伊拉克，唯独CNN冒着风险留了下来。
后来，CNN以现场直播的方式将战争的画面传给全世界，成为外界了解伊拉克战争局势的唯一窗口。
CNN一战成名。
CNN立场明显偏右。
一般论坛的CNN新闻，来源于CNN Radio Hourly News, 主要的收听对象是美国居民。
播音员风格轻松活跃，感染力强，使新闻具有很强的播音员个人风格。
播音口语化，语速较快（180词以上），内容丰富，难度比较大。
3、BBC：英国的BBC是指英国广播公司（British Broadcasting Corporation，简称 BBC）是英国的一家 *** 资助但却独立运作的媒体，长久以来一直被认为是全球最受尊敬的媒体之一。
BBC在相当程度上代表了英国 *** 的政治态度，但是BBC特有的运作模式，保其独立于英国 *** 之外，享有较强的编辑自 *** 。
广播电视名词术语中英文对照介绍广播电视是我们生活中常见的媒体形式。
在广播电视领域中，有许多专业术语和名词，掌握这些术语和名词对于理解广播电视行业的工作和内容非常重要。
本文将介绍一些常见的广播电视名词术语，并提供中英文对照。
本文旨在帮助读者更好地理解广播电视行业并扩展他们的知识。
一、广播电视术语1. 音频（Audio）音频指的是声音的电信号或数字表示。
在广播电视中，音频通常用于传输声音、音乐和其他声音内容。
2. 视频（Video）视频是指通过电子设备捕捉、处理和播放的运动图像。
广播电视中的视频通常用于传输电视节目或电影。
3. 广播（Broadcasting）广播是通过无线电波、卫星或有线电视网络传输信息和娱乐内容的过程。
广播可以是音频广播或视频广播。
4. 电视台（Television Station）电视台是负责制作和播放电视节目的组织或机构。
电视台通常具有自己的频道，并负责通过无线电波或有线电视网络向观众广播节目。
5. 电视节目（Television Program）电视节目是通过电视台播放的视听内容。
电视节目可以是电视剧、电影、新闻、体育比赛等。
6. 主持人（Host）主持人是负责引导和主持节目内容的人员。
主持人在电视节目中发言、提问嘉宾和控制节目进程。
7. 新闻（News）新闻是关于当前事件和事实的信息报道。
新闻通常包括报纸、电视、广播和互联网上的新闻报道。
8. 直播（Live）直播是指实时传输内容的过程。
在电视节目中，直播通常指无假播出的节目，观众可以在节目实际发生时进行观看。
9. 录播（Recorded）录播是指提前录制并在后期播放的节目。
录播节目可以是电视剧、电影或其他内容。
10. 电视机（Television Set）电视机是通过接收电视信号并将其转换为图像和声音的设备。
电视机通常用于在家庭中观看电视节目。
二、广播电视名词中英文对照•音频（Audio）•视频（Video）•广播（Broadcasting）•电视台（Television Station）•电视节目（Television Program）•主持人（Host）•新闻（News）•直播（Live）•录播（Recorded）•电视机（Television Set）以上是一些常见的广播电视名词及其中文和英文对照。
美国广播公司（ABC）公司总部：纽约American Broadcasting Corporation, Inc简称ABC美国三大商业广播电视公司之一，经费来自广告广播。
1941年春，联邦通信委员会决定，全国广播公司不得同时拥有红色广播网和蓝色广播网。
1943年10月，爱德华·诺布尔以800万元买下蓝色广播网（拥有116座附属广播电台），1945年6月15日正式使用美国广播公司的名称。
现为迪士尼公司旗下品牌（1996年至今）。
The American Broadcasting Company(ABC) is an American commercial broadcasting television network. Created in 1943 from the former NBC Blue radio network, ABC is owned by The Walt Disney Company and is partof Disney-ABC Television Group. Its first broadcast on television was in 1948. As one of the Big Three television networks, its programming has contributedto American popular culture.《早安美国》 (Good Morning America，简称 GMA)，是在ABC播出的晨间新闻性节目，于1975年11月03日开播。
每周一至周五播出两小时，第三小时由ABC NewsNow独家播出。
本节目的特色为新闻、谈话、天气以及有趣的故事。
在位于纽约市的纽约广场摄影棚进行现场直播，并且由全国电视网联合播出。
目前由黛安·索耶（Diane Sawyer）与罗宾·罗伯特（Robin Roberts）担纲主持。
常见美国电视台简介（简称全称台标）ABC 美国广播公司(American Broadcasting Company)是美国传统三大广播电视公司之一。
创立于1943年，原为国家广播公司的蓝色广播网。
目前的最大股东是华特迪士尼公司，为迪士尼-ABC电视集团的成员。
是美国三大商业广播电视公司之一。
公司总部位于纽约。
目前的ABC，总部有两个，娱乐节目部设在洛杉矶附近的伯班克市，这里靠近娱乐中心好莱坞。
并且，与迪斯尼公司的总部迪斯尼摄影棚由人行天桥相连；另一个总部设在传媒中心纽约的时代广场上。
截至到2008年，ABC是美国观众最多的电视网。
CBS 美国哥伦比亚广播公司（Columbia Broadcasting system）公司成立于1927年,节目以新闻和娱乐性节目为主。
收视率长时期占三大广播公司首位。
公司总部设在纽约，主要机构有：广播部、电视网、自营电视台部和新闻部。
公司在纽约、芝加哥、洛杉矶、费城、圣路易斯等城市拥有7家直属电视台，并在全国有附属电视台200座。
公司还经营调频广播电台，并有多座附属广播电台。
NBC 美国全国广播公司(National Broadcasting Company)全美三大商业广播电视公司之一(其余两家分别是CBS和ABC )。
总部设于纽约得创办于1926年，是美国历史最久，实力最强的商业广播电视公司。
部设在纽约的洛克菲勒中心，以孔雀为标记。
目前是传媒联合大企业NBC Universal的一部分，公司现在纽约、洛杉矶、芝加哥、华盛顿、克利夫兰、丹佛和迈阿密7座城市设有直属电视台，并在全国有附属电视台208座。
CNN 美国有线电视新闻网（Cable News Network）由特纳广播公司（TBS）董事长特德·特纳于1980年6月创办，通过卫星向有线电视网和卫星电视用户提供全天候的新闻节目，总部设在美国佐治亚州的亚特兰大。
CNN国际新闻网为全球先进的新闻组织，提供每周七天，每天二十四小时的全球直播新闻报导。
The Appreciation of American TV SeriesPart I. American TV StationNBC•The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City’s Rockefeller Center.•It is sometimes referred to as the Peacock Network due to its stylized peacock logo, created exclusively for color broadcasts.•Formed in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), NBC was the first major broadcast network in the United States. In 1986, control of NBC passed to General Electric (GE), with GE’s $6.4 billion purchase of RCA.•NBC is available in an estimated 112 million households, 98.6% of those with televisions. NBC has 10 owned-and-operated stations and nearly 200 affiliates in the United States and its territories.ABC•American Broadcasting Company•Created in 1943 from the former NBC Blue radio network, ABC is owned by The Walt Disney Company and is part of Disney-ABC Television Group. It first broadcast on television in 1948.•Corporate headquarters are in Manhattan in New York City, while programming offices are in Burbank, California adjacent to the Walt Disney Studios and the Walt Disney Company corporate headquarters.•The network is sometimes referred to as the Alphabet Network, due to the letters "ABC" being the first three letters of the Latin alphabet, in order.2004 -- Present•Determined not to lose its prominence on TV, ABC was able to find success in ratings beginning in 2004. In the fall of that year, ABC premiered two highly anticipated series Desperate Housewives, and Lost. Immediately, the network’s ratings skyrocketed to unprecedented levels.•It followed up its prosperity with the premieres of Grey’s Anatomy in 2005, and in 2006, the dramedy Ugly Betty, which are all popular among viewers and critically acclaimed.•ABC continues to place second in ratings thanks to its highly popular shows, mainly Desperate Housewives, Lost, Grey's Anatomy, Ugly Betty, and Dancing with the Stars, although it has slipped to third since 2007.•In April 2009, ABC announced that they will bring Who Wants to be a Millionaire back into Primetime for a 2-week lifespan in response to the popularity of the 2008 Oscar-winning film Slumdog Millionaire.•There have been attempts to broaden the ABC brand name. In 2004, ABC launched a news cha nnel called “ABC News Now”. Its aim is to provide round-the-clock news on over-the-air digital TV, cable TV, the Internet, and mobile phones.•Good Morning America (GMA) is an American news Morning show and talk show that isbroadcast on the ABC television network, debuting on November 3, 1975.•The show features news, talk, weather, and special interest stories. It is produced live from Times Square Studios in New York City and fed to all network affiliates. The program is currently hosted by Diane Sawyer and Robin Roberts.TNT•TNT (originally Turner Network Television) is an American cable TV channel created by media mogul Robert Edward “Ted” Turner III and currently owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner.•On June 12, 2001, TNT relaunched itself, with a new logo and tagline, "We Know Drama.", which emphasized the channel’s new focus on programming with drama and energy, such as sports and network TV dramas like Angel, Law & Order, Charmed, NYPD Blue, ER, Without a Trace, Alias, Judging Amy, Las Vegas, Leverage and Cold Case.•In 2004, TNT became the first Turner channel to begin broadcasting in High Definition. TNT is also one of the Turner-owned channels which now shows the classic 1939 film The Wizard of Oz.•On December 7, 2008, TNT unveiled a new ad campaign with a newly stylized update of its logo, mainly in shiny silver but sometimes in gold.•The campaign will continue to use the channel’s tagline “We Know Drama” but with more of a focus on its original series and its plan to have three nights of original primetime programming starting in 2009.CBS•CBS Broadcasting Inc. is an American television network, which started out as a radio network.•The name is derived from the initials of the network’s former name, Columbia Broadcasti ng System. The network is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network or more simply The Eye, in reference to the shape of the company’s logo.•The CBS Building in New York City, also known as “Black Rock”, is the 38-story headquarters of the CBS Corporation.2002 -- Present•The turning point for CBS came in the summer of 2000 when it debuted the summer reality show Survivor, which became a surprise summer hit for the network.•In January 2001, CBS debuted the second season of the show after its airing of the Super Bowl, and moved the police procedural C.S.I. to Thursdays and was both able to chip away at and eventually beat NBC’s Thursday night lineup, and attract younger viewers to the network.•CBS has had additional successes with police procedurals Cold Case, Without a Trace, Criminal Minds, NCIS, and The Mentalist, along with CSI: Miami and CSI: NY, and sitcoms Everybody Loves Raymond, Two and a Half Men, How I Met Your Mother, The Big Bang Theory and The New Adventures of Old Christine.•During the 2007-2008 season, Fox ranked as the top-rated network, primarily due to itsreliance on American Idol. However, according to Nielsen, CBS ended up as the top-rated network for the 2008-2009 season.FOX•The Fox Broadcasting Company (FBC), commonly referred to as FOX, is owned by Fox Entertainment Group, part of Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation.•The network is named after sister company 20th Century Fox, and indirectly for producer William Fox, who founded one of the movie studio’s predecessors, Fox Film.1986 -- 2009•Launched on October 9, 1986, from 2004 to 2009 FOX was the highest-rated broadcast network in the 18–49 demographic. In the 2007–08 season, FOX became the most popular network in America in household ratings for the first time in its history, replacing CBS. CBS took back the top spot in the 2008-09 season, though FOX remains a solid runner-up.2000s: The Idol Effect•FOX arguably hit a few bumps in its programming during 1999 and the early 2000s. Many staple shows of the 1990s had ended or were on the decline. During this time, FOX put much of its efforts into producing reality fare with subjects often seen as extravagant, shocking, and/or distasteful.•Between 2000 and 2009, FOX added the cable channels FOX College Sports, Fuel TV, FOX Reality Channel and FOX Business Network.•After shedding most of these shows, FOX regained a ratings foothold with acclaimed dramas such as 24, The O.C., House and Bones.•By 2005, FOX’s most popular show by far was the talent search American Idol, peaking at up to 37 mill ion viewers on certain episodes and being the nation’s highest-rated program in the 2004–05 season. House, airing after Idol on Tuesday nights and having had a successful run of summer repeats in 2005, positioned itself as a top-ten hit in the 2005–06 season.•FOX hit a milestone in February 2005 by scoring its first-ever sweeps victory among all viewers. This was largely due to the broadcast of Super Bowl XXXIX, but also on the strength of American Idol, 24, House, and The O.C.•By the end of the 2004–05 television season, FOX ranked No. 1 for the first time in its history among the 18–49 demographic most appealing to advertisers.•Another milestone came on May 21, 2008, FOX took the #1 general households rating crown for the first time, based on the strength of Super Bowl XLII and American Idol.Syfy•Syfy is an American cable television channel launched on September 24, 1992, that specializes in science fiction, fantasy, horror, and paranormal programming. The name Syfy was officially adopted on July 7, 2009.Sci Fi Syfy•On March 16, 2009, Sci Fi announced that it would be changing its name to Syfy as part of an on-going rebranding effort. Network officials also noted that, unlike the generic term “sci-fi” which represents the entire science fiction genre, the term “Syfy” can be protected by trademark and therefore would be easier to market on other goods or services without fear of confusion with other companies’ products.•Syfy's programming includes original television movies, miniseries, and series. In the past, the channel has also aired many canceled "cult classic" science fiction TV shows.•It gained national prominence in 2003 with the airing of Steven Spielberg Presents: Taken, which won the Emmy Award that year for best miniseries. In 2006, it also began including several non-sci-fi programs in its line-up, such as Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, WWE's ECW and WCG Ultimate Gamer.HBO•Home Box Office (HBO), a premium television programming owned by Warner Brothers Entertainment subsidiary of Time Warner, offers two 24/7 pay television services (HBO and Cinemax) to over 38 million U.S. subscribers in the United States.•HBO programming is broadcast into over 150 countries worldwide.SHOWTIME•Showtime is a subscription television brand used by a number of channels and platforms around the world, but primarily refers to a group of channels in the United States. As of August 2005, Showtime's programming is available to around 13 million subscribers in the United States. •Showtime primarily shows motion pictures as well as some original programming and occasional boxing and MMA matches.Part II. Explanation of TermsA.PilotB.EpisodeC.SeasonD.TeleplayE.Spin-offugh Trackedy-drama H.CliffhangerI.RerunJ.HiatusK.Audience Measurement L.WGAM.ATASN.Emmy AwardA. Pilot•Pilot (or Television Pilot) is a test episode of an intended television series, also, it’s an early step in the development of a television series.•Functions:works use pilots to discover whether an entertaining concept can be successfullyrealized.2.After seeing this sample of the proposed product, networks will then determine whetherthe expense of additional episodes is justified.Variety estimates that only a little over a quarter of all pilots made for American television succeed to the series stage.B. Episode•An episode is a part of a dramatic work such as a serial television or radio program.•Episodes which end in the middle of a climatic moment are often called cliffhangers, after the name used for early movie serials. Such episodes are frequently used in season finales of many prime time shows.•Shows usually have numbers or codes (aka, Production codes/numbers) for each episode.The X-Files, for example, assigned a code in the format "sXnn", with 's' identifying the season number and 'nn' being a two-digit number for each show, starting with '01'.C. Season•In North America and Australia, the term used to describe a regular run of episodes is a television season or simply, season. For example, a season of a television series might consist of 20–26 episodes broadcast regularly between September and May with a hiatus during the (Christmas/New Year’s Eve) holidays.•Alternatively, it may comprise 20–26 consecutive episodes between September and December or January and May. The latter is often referred to as a "non-stop season", which are usually used for serial television series (e.g., 24 and Lost). Another example might be a series that airs only a 6–13 episode season during the summer.•In the United States, most regular television series have 20 to 26 episodes per season. In general, dramas usually last 44 minutes (an hour with advertisements), while comedies last 22 (30 with advertisements).D. Teleplay• A teleplay is a play written or adapted for television. The term surfaced during the 1950swith wide usage to distinguish a TV script from stage plays for the theater and screenplays written for films.•In modern usage, a "teleplay" generally refers to a script written for a television series.Formats vary depending on the type of show.•The format for the average one-hour drama, however, at first glance looks virtually identical to a screenplay. The main difference between a screenplay and a teleplay, aside from length, is that a teleplay is split into acts. This allows the writer to control when commercial breaks will occur; commercials are placed between the acts.E. Spin-off• A spin-off is a new organization or entity formed by a split from a larger one, such as a television series based on a pre-existing one.•The term sub-series is generally used instead of spin-off, but with essentially the same meaning.F. Laugh Track• A laugh track, (laughter soundtrack, laughter track, LFN “Laughter From Nowhere”, canned laughter or a laughing audience) is a separate soundtrack invented by Charles Douglass, with the artificial sound of audience laughter, made to be inserted into TV comedy shows and sitcoms.•The first American television show to incorporate a laugh track was the American sitcom The Hank McCune Show in 1950.G. Comedy-drama•Comedy-drama, also called dramedy or seriocomedy, is a style of television, theatre and film in which there is an equal or nearly equal balance of humor and serious content.H. Cliffhanger• A cliffhanger (or cliffhanger ending), is a plot device in fiction which features a main character in a precarious or difficult dilemma, or confronted with a shocking revelation. A cliffhanger is hoped to ensure the audience will return to see how the characters resolve the dilemma.I. Rerun• A rerun (or repeat), is a re-airing of an episode of a radio or television broadcast.•There are two types of reruns—those that occur during a hiatus, and those that occur when a program is syndicated.•Reruns can also be, as the case with more popular shows, when a show is aired outside of its timeslot (e.g. in the afternoon).J. Hiatus•In television scheduling, a hiatus refers to a break of at least several weeks in the normal schedule of a television program. It can occur during a season of a television program, or can be between television seasons (usually starting in June and ending in August whenshooting starts for the next season).•In recent years, some television shows have been placed “on hiatus” by their networks for long periods of up to several years, effectively canceling them while leaving viewers and producers with the possible hope of the shows’ eventual return.K. Audience Measurement•Audience Measurement measure how many people are in an audience, usually in relation to radio listenership and television viewership, but also newspaper and magazine readership, and increasingly, usage of websites.•It is, to help broadcasters and advertisers determine who is listening, rather than just how many. This broader meaning is called audience research.L. WGA•The Writers Guild of America is a generic term referring to the joint efforts of two different US labor unions:•The Writers Guild of America, East (WGAE), representing TV and film writers around New York City.•The Writers Guild of America, West (WGAW), representing TV and film writers in Hollywood and southern California.M. ATAS•The Academy of Television Arts & Sciences was founded in 1946; just one month after network television was born.•It is a nonprofit organization devoted to the advancement of telecommunications arts and sciences and to fostering creative leadership in the telecommunications industry.•The Television Academy is the only major organization devoted entirely to television and is made up of more than 15,000 members representing 28 professional peer groups, including performers, directors, producers, art directors and various other artisans, technicians and executives.N. Emmy Award•The Emmy Award, also known as the 'Emmy', is a television production award, and is considered the television equivalent to the Academy Awards (for film), Grammy Awards (for music) and Tony Awards (for stage).•They are presented in various sectors of the television industry, including entertainment programming, news and documentary shows, and sports programming. As such, the awards are presented in various area-specific ceremonies held annually throughout the year. The best known of these ceremonies are the Primetime Emmy Awards.Why call it “Emmy”?•The name “Emmy” was derived from “Immy,” a nickname for the image orthicon camera tube (图像正析像管) , which was instrumental in the development of modern television.What’s meaning of the statuette?•The word was feminized as “Emmy” to complement the design chosen for the statuette, which depicted a winged, idealized woman holding an atom.•It become the symbol of the TV Academy's goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television: The wings represent the muse of art; the atom the electron of science.•In 1949, the Television Academy held the first Emmy Awards ceremony, an annual event created to recognize excellence in television programming.Part III. GenreA.Situation ComedyB.Medical DramaC.Sci-fi DramaD.Crime DramaE.Legal DramaF.Teen DramaG.Historical DramaH.Reality Show & Reality CompetitionI.Talk ShowJ.Miniseries & TV MoviesPart IV. Television Content Rating Systems•Television Content Rating Systems give television viewers an idea of the suitability of a television program for children and/or adults.•Many countries have their own television rating system and each country's rating process may differ due to local priorities.•Programs are rated by either the organization that manages the system, the broadcaster or by the content producers themselves.• A rating is usually set for each individual episode of a television series. The rating can change per episode, network, rerun and per country.TV Parental Guidelines•The system was first proposed on December 19, 1996 by the United States Congress, the television industry and the FCC, and went into effect by January 1, 1997 on most major broadcast and cable networks in response to public concerns of increasingly explicit sexual content, graphic violence and strong profanity in television programs.•It was established as a voluntary-participation system, with ratings to be determined by the individually-participating broadcast and cable networks.•But the guidelines themselves have no legal force, and does not apply to news or sports programming.RatingsTV-Y➢(All Children)•This program is designed to be appropriate for all children. Whether animated or live-action, the themes and elements in this program are specifically designed for a very young audience, including children from ages 2-6. This program is not expected to frighten younger children.TV-Y7➢(Directed to Older Children)•This program is designed for children age 7 and above. It may be more appropriate for children who have acquired the developmental skills needed to distinguish between make-believe and reality. Themes and elements in this program may include mild fantasy violence or comedic violence, or may frighten children under the age of 7. Therefore, parents may wish to consider the suitability of this program for their very young children.TV-G➢(General Audiences)•Most parents would find this program suitable for all ages. Although this rating does not signify a program designed specifically for children, most parents may let younger children watch this program unattended. It contains little or no violence, no strong language and little or no sexual dialogue or situations.•Many programs on Disney Channel use the TV-G rating instead of the TV-Y7 rating, as the programs aim more toward a family audience.TV-PG➢(Parental Guidance Suggested)•This rating signifies that the program may be unsuitable for children under age 10 or 12, without the guidance of a parent. Various game shows and most reality shows are rated TV-PG for their suggestive dialog, suggestive humor, and/or coarse language.•The TV-PG rating may be accompanied by one or more of the following sub-ratings:D for some suggestive dialogueL for infrequent coarse languageS for some sexual situationsV for moderate violenceTV-14➢(Parents Strongly Cautioned)•Programs issued the TV-14 rating are usually unsuitable for children under the age of 14 without the guidance of a parent or guardian.•Many programs that air after 9:00 pm are rated TV-14. Live programming like televised awards ceremonies, concerts, and some specials will be issued a general TV-14 rating, because of the possibility that profanity, nudity, or suggestive dialogue may occur.TV-MA➢(Mature Audience Only)• A TV-MA rating means the program may be unsuitable for those below 17 without parental guidance. The program may contain extreme graphic violence, strong profanity, overtly sexual dialogue, very coarse language, nudity and/or strong sexual content.Although not a very large number of shows carry this rating, South Park is a popular example of a show that carries a TV-MA rating.•This rating may be accompanied by any of the following sub-ratings:L for crude indecent languageS for explicit sexual situations/nudityV for graphic violence•For the first 15 seconds of every rated program lasting a half-hour or less, a large rating icon appears in the upper-left hand corner of the screen. For every rated program running an hour or longer, a rating appears in the upper-left hand corner of the TV screen at the beginning of each half hour.•Starting in June 2005, many networks now display the ratings after every commercial break. ABC was one of the first television networks to display the program's rating after every commercial break in addition to at the beginning of the program.。
