igcse数学词汇chapter1

igcse数学词汇摘要：1.IGCSE 数学简介2.IGCSE 数学词汇的重要性3.常见IGCSE 数学词汇4.如何学习和掌握IGCSE 数学词汇正文：【IGCSE 数学简介】IGCSE（International General Certificate of Secondary Education）是国际普通中等教育证书，是全球范围内最受欢迎的中学课程之一。

IGCSE 数学课程旨在培养学生的数学思维能力，加强他们的逻辑思考和解决问题的能力。

在IGCSE 阶段，学生将学习代数、几何、统计和概率等数学知识。

【IGCSE 数学词汇的重要性】对于学习IGCSE 数学的学生来说，掌握相关词汇非常重要。

数学词汇是理解和解决数学问题的基础。

如果学生无法理解或正确使用相关词汇，那么他们将很难掌握复杂的数学概念和技巧。

因此，学生需要熟悉并掌握常见的IGCSE 数学词汇。

【常见IGCSE 数学词汇】以下是一些常见的IGCSE 数学词汇：1.代数（Algebra）：代数是一种数学方法，用于表示和解决数学问题。

常见的代数概念包括方程、不等式、函数和表达式等。

2.几何（Geometry）：几何是研究形状、空间和位置关系的数学分支。

常见的几何概念包括点、线、面、角度、三角形、四边形和圆等。

3.统计（Statistics）：统计是一种收集、分析和解释数据的方法。

常见的统计概念包括数据收集、图表制作、平均数、中位数、众数、概率和方差等。

4.概率（Probability）：概率是一种衡量事件发生可能性的数学概念。

常见的概率概念包括随机事件、概率分布、条件概率和独立性等。

【如何学习和掌握IGCSE 数学词汇】学习和掌握IGCSE 数学词汇需要一定的时间和努力。

以下是一些建议：1.建立词汇表：将遇到的数学词汇整理成表，并附上定义和例句。

这有助于学生更好地理解和记忆词汇。

2.多做练习题：通过做练习题，学生可以巩固所学词汇，并加深对相关概念的理解。

IGCSE 物理中英词汇General Physicsmovement ：运动；活动position ：位置,方位acceleration :加速，促进velocity : ［力] 速率；迅速investigate :调查;研究force :力量；促使weight : 重量，重力friction：摩擦，[力］摩擦力precise ：精确的,准确的accurate ：精确的,准确的tape measure ：卷尺vernier calliper ：游标卡尺micrometer screw gauge ：螺旋千分尺[测微计]Measuring cylinder ：量筒sliding scale ：计算尺,按比例增减mass :团，块，堆Pascal ：帕斯卡(Blaise，1623-1662，法国数学家、物理学家、哲学家）Action-reaction forces 反作用力resistance ：阻力；电阻upthrust :向上推electrostatic：静电的；unbalance ［力] 失衡；shape: 形状;模型；elastic：松紧带；橡皮圈resilient :弹回的horizontally ：水平地；横地lamina ：薄板，薄层，叶片clockwise :顺时针方向的gravitation :吸引力，趋势geothermal :地热的hydroelectric ：水力发电的tidal :潮水的：受潮汐影响的barometer ：气压计，晴雨表nanometer ：纳米Dependent variable ：因变量Energy levels ：能级Buoyant force ：浮力Equilibrant force ：平衡力Centripetal force ：向心力Gravitational potential energy：重力势能Circular motion 圆周运动Coefficient of friction 摩擦系数Impulse—momentum theorem :动量定理Coefficient of volume expansion ：体积膨胀系数Inertia ：惯性，Joule : 焦耳Constant acceleration：恒加速度Kelvin temperature scale ：凯式温度Instantaneous acceleration : 瞬时加速度Kinetic energy :动能Magnification ：放大率weight :负荷；使…变重moment :转矩，动量，时刻equilibrium :平衡,均势Sliding friction :滑动摩擦Slope ：斜率Simple harmonic motion：简谐运动Static friction ：静摩擦Thermal energy 热能Kinetic—molecular energy ：分子能Momentum 动量Potential difference 势差Law of conservation of energy :能量守恒定律Pressure：电压Linear accelerator：直线加速度Principle of superposition：叠加原理Uniform circular motion：等速圆周运动Uniform acceleration：匀加速度Thermal physicsconduction :[生理］传导，传导convection : [流］[气象］对流；radiation :辐射；发光；放射物insulator: ［物] 绝缘体；electromagnetic ：电磁的invar ：不胀钢brass ：黄铜，铜管乐器calibrate ：校准，使标准化latent heat of vaporization ：汽化潜热knob ：(门、抽屉的)球形把手thermostat ：恒温（调节)器Mercury ：水星，水银junction ：联结点，枢纽thermocouple ：热电偶thermistor ：电热调节器insulation ：隔离,隔绝solidification :凝固，spectrum :光谱;频谱;hypothermic ：体温过低的absolute zero：[物］绝对零度infra-red：红外线的energy efficient:节能arrangement ：安排；解决办法collide ：相撞，碰撞evaporation :蒸发；发散；消失cap screw :帽螺钉bimetallic strip ：(用于恒温器等中的)双金属条conduction ：（热、电等的)传导convection :传送，对流infrared radiation ：红外辐射ion :〈物>离子metal gauze strainer ：金属网过滤器Bunsen burner ：本生灯(即煤气灯)latent heat of fusion ：熔解潜热boiling ：沸腾的，激昂的manganate ：锰酸盐electromagnetic spectrum ：电磁波频谱stirrer shaft :搅拌器轴Carnot efficiency :卡诺循环Specific heat ：比热Cohesive force ：内聚力Thermal equilibrium ：热平衡Convection :对流传热Thermal expansion ：热膨胀Boiling point ：沸点Insulator：绝缘、隔热或隔音等的物质或装置matt ：表面暗淡的，无光泽的sea breeze ：（白天吹向内陆的）海风adhesion：附着力Bubble chamber ：气泡箱Entropy ：熵Calorimeter ：热量剂Evaporation ：蒸发Capillary action ：毛细管作用Melting point ：熔点Thermometer :温度计Dynamics :动力学IGCSE 数学中英对照词汇代数部分1.基础add，plus 加subtract 减difference 差multiply times 乘product 积divide 除divisible 可被整除的divided evenly 被整除dividend 被除数divisor 因子，除数quotient 商remainder 余数factorial 阶乘power 乘方radical sign, root sign 根号round to 四舍五入to the nearest 四舍五入2。

igcse数学词汇（原创实用版）目录1.IGCSE 数学简介2.IGCSE 数学词汇的重要性3.常见 IGCSE 数学词汇4.如何学习和掌握 IGCSE 数学词汇正文【IGCSE 数学简介】IGCSE（International General Certificate of Secondary Education）是国际普通中等教育证书，它是全球范围内许多国家和地区中学教育的一种重要证书。

IGCSE 数学作为其中一门学科，对于学生日后的学习和职业发展具有重要意义。

【IGCSE 数学词汇的重要性】学习 IGCSE 数学，掌握相关词汇是非常重要的。

数学本身就是一门符号化的学科，对于专业术语和符号的理解程度直接影响到学生对数学知识的理解和运用。

尤其是在 IGCSE 阶段，学生需要学习许多基础数学概念和理论，如代数、几何、概率与统计等，这些概念和理论都有其专门的英文表述，因此熟练掌握相关英文词汇是学好 IGCSE 数学的关键。

【常见 IGCSE 数学词汇】以下是一些常见的 IGCSE 数学词汇：1.代数（Algebra）：代数是一种数学分支，主要研究数和数之间的关系、运算规律和运算方法。

2.几何（Geometry）：几何学是数学的一个分支，主要研究空间中点、线、面及其相关性质的数学学科。

3.三角学（Trigonometry）：三角学是数学的一个分支，主要研究三角形和三角函数的性质及其应用。

4.概率与统计（Probability and Statistics）：概率与统计是数学的一个分支，主要研究随机现象的规律性和数据收集、整理、分析的方法。

5.微积分（Calculus）：微积分是数学的一个分支，主要研究函数的极限、连续性、微分、积分等性质及其应用。

【如何学习和掌握 IGCSE 数学词汇】1.建立词汇表：将常见的 IGCSE 数学词汇整理成表，方便学生随时查阅和学习。

2.结合实例学习：在学习数学概念和理论时，结合具体的例子来理解词汇的含义和应用。

Chapter 11 a) 8 m/s2 a) 10 500 m (10.5 km) b) 105 000 m (105 km) c) 630 000 m (630 km)34000 s (Snails can actually move faster than this! At a more realistic 4 mm/s (0.004 m/s) it wouldonly take the snail 400 s or 6 minutes 40 seconds.)4 a) graph D b) graph Cc) graph A d) graph B5 6gradient =distancetime =8m 0.25s = 32 m/s 7 a) The car is moving at constant velocity (speed). b) Time interval between first and seventh drip is 15 s (6 2.5 s) so average speed is135 m ÷ 15 s = 9 m/s. 8 a)b) Distance travelled is given by the area under the graph = (5 s 20 m) + (0.5 5 s 15 s) = 137.5 m9 a) Average speed is found by dividing the total distance a body has travelled by the time it hastaken; the speed may vary from moment to moment during this time. The instantaneous speed is the speed at which the body is travelling at a moment in time. b) Speed is a scalar quantity – it is distance travelled divided by time without regard to direction.Velocity is a vector quantity – it is speed in a specified direction.10 4 m/s 2 11 a)b)c)12 a) 3 m/s b) 15 m/s c) 75 m/s 13 a) graph B b) graph A c) graph D d) graph C14 15a) 2.5 m/s 2 b) i) 20 m ii) 50 m c) average speed = total distance travelled ÷ time taken. = 70 m ÷ 9 s= 7.78 m/s16 The total distance travelled increases with the square of the time from the start, 0.5 m after 1 s, 2.0 mafter 2 s, 4.5 m after 3 s, etc. Calculating the average velocity over each 1 s time interval (between the drips) and then plotting a graph of average velocity against time allows the acceleration to be calculated from the gradient of the graph. The acceleration is 1 m/s 2.Chapter 21 a) gravity b) frictionc) normal reaction or contact force 2Friction and air resistance (or viscous drag)3 a) 1200 N b) 1250 Nc) 50 N d) red456 a) Without friction, objects would not be able to start moving from a stationary position, or stopmoving when in motion. It would not be possible to build things because it would be difficult to pick up the building materials, and structures rely on friction to remain intact.b) Any two sensible examples, such as: walking would be impossible without friction actingbetween your feet and the ground; climbing a rope would be impossible without friction actingbetween your hands and the rope.7a) b)8a)b)9 a)Load force on spring (newtons)Length of spring (cm) Extension of spring (cm)0 5.0 0.02 5.8 0.84 6.5 1.56 7.4 2.48 8.3 3.310 9.7 4.712 12.9 7.9b) c) (d – red line)Chapter 31A force that is not balanced by a force in the opposite direction. An accelerating car has anunbalanced force when the forwards force from the engine is bigger than the backwards force from air resistance.2From the equation force = mass acceleration (F = ma ) we can see that if F , the thrust force of the rocket engines, is constant and m , the mass of the rocket, decreases then the acceleration must increase.3 a) F = ma , where mass = 0.5 kg and acceleration =4 m/s 2 So F = 0.5 kg 4 m/s 2 = 2 Nb) m = F ÷ a , where force = 200 N and acceleration = 0.8 m/s 2 So m = 200 N ÷ 0.8 m/s 2 = 250 kgc) Use a = F ÷ m , where force = 250 N and mass = 25 kg So a = 250 N ÷ 25 kg = 10 m/s 2 4By bending their legs and rolling on landing, parachutists extend the time over which their velocity isreduced to zero. This reduces the deceleration they undergo, and hence the forces that act on the body. Reducing the forces that act reduces the chances of broken bones and other body damage.5 a) Thinking distance is the distance a car travels after the driver has seen a hazard but before thedriver applies the brakes; during this period the car is not decelerating.b) The braking distance is the distance travelled by the car after the driver has started braking andthe car is decelerating to rest.c) The overall stopping distance is the sum of the thinking distance and the braking distance.6 The braking distance of a car depends on the speed that the car is travelling and the braking forcethat can be applied without the car skidding (as skidding means the car is out of control). Themaximum braking force will be limited by factors that affect the friction between the car tyres and the road surface: the condition of the tyres and the road surface – if the road surface is wet, icy or oily friction will be reduced. The braking distance is greater if either the speed of the car is higher or the maximum safe braking force is reduced.7 a) 0.75s (the period during which the velocity of the car is constant at 24m/s)b) 18m (given by the area under the velocity–time graph during the first 0.75s)c) 2.5s (the period during which the velocity of the car is decreasing to zero)d) 48m (the sum of the thinking distance and the braking distance – the total area under the graph)8 a) Use weight = mass gravitymass of apple in kg = 0.1kgstrength of gravity on the Earth is approximately 10N/kgweight of apple on the Earth = 0.1kg 10N/kg = 1Nb) Use weight = mass gravitymass of apple in kg = 0.1kgstrength of gravity on the Moon is approximately 1.6N/kgweight of apple on the Moon = 0.1kg 1.6N/kg = 0.16N9 The factors affecting the drag force on a high speed train are:• the speed of the train• the shape of the train• the direction of any wind that may be blowing• (harder) the viscosity of the air that it is travelling through; this will depend on temperature, humidity, etc.10 See page 31 for description of a suitable experiment.11 At A: velocity is zero at start, so air resistance is zero and the unbalanced force is downwards (andis due to gravity or the weight of the parachutist).B: as the velocity of the parachutist increases so does the size of the upward air resistance force – Atso the unbalanced downwards force is smaller.C: here the velocity of the parachutist has increased to the point where the upward air resistance Atforce is exactly the same as the downward force of gravity on the parachutist – the unbalanced force is zero and the parachutist has reached terminal velocity.At D : the parachutist has opened her parachute at this time. This greatly increases the upward airresistance force so the unbalanced force on the parachutist is now upwards – so the parachutist’s velocity decreases. At F: as the parachutist slows down, the upward air resistance force due to the parachute decreases.This means that the unbalanced upward force is smaller. (So the rate of deceleration of the parachutist decreases.) At G : the parachutist has slowed to a velocity at which the upward acting air resistance is once againequal to the downward acting force of gravity. The unbalanced force is again zero. (But note that the effect of opening the parachute is to make the new terminal velocity lower.)Chapter 41All three examples use the formula momentum = mass velocity . a) 48 kg m/s b) 150 000 kg m/sc) 3 kg m/s (Remember to express the mass in kilograms and the velocity in m/s, thus:0.06 kg 50 m/s)2 a) In an elastic collision, the total kinetic energy of the colliding bodies is conserved, i.e.unchanged by the collision. Partially elastic and inelastic collisions (in which the collidingbodies coalesce or stick together) involve the conversion of kinetic energy into other forms, like heat and sound. b) i)An example of an almost completely elastic collision is the collision of snooker balls(though some kinetic energy is converted to sound and heat). Collisions between the molecules in a gas are considered to be perfectly elastic.ii) Throwing a wet sponge at your teacher at a charity event is an example of an inelasticcollision. A car driving into a wall and an egg hitting the ground are other examples.3 momentum before the collision = momentum after the collisionmomentum of pellet + momentum of truck at start = momentum of truck with pellet after 0.002 kg v + 0 (truck is stationary) = 0.102 kg 0.8 m/sSo the velocity, v , of the pellet is 40.8 m/s4 impulse = increase in momentum where impulse = force time impulse = 10 000 N 60 sSo the increase in momentum is 600 000 kg m/s increase in momentum = mass increase in velocitySo the increase in velocity = 600 000 kg m/s ÷ 1200 kg = 500 m/sThe new velocity is, therefore, 2500 m/s (initial velocity plus the increase in velocity).5When a mass, like a person in a crashing car, is brought rapidly to a halt, it is subject to a large deceleration. This large deceleration means that the mass must be subject to a huge force. Large forces result in damage. By building crumple zones into cars, the time that the car takes to come to ahalt is extended – this means that the deceleration, and therefore the forces that act during thedeceleration, are reduced.Chapter 51 B has the largest turning moment, having the biggest force applied at the greatest perpendiculardistance from the pivot. D has a greater moment than C because the line of action of the 5N force inC has a smaller perpendicular distance from the pivot. A shows the situation with the least turningmoment because the 10N force is applied at a perpendicular distance from the pivot that is clearly less than half the perpendicular distance of the line of action of the 5N force in C.So B, D, C, A is the correct order.2 a) C is balanced as the clockwise moment is equal to the anticlockwise moment.b) A tips down to the left, clockwise moment = 25Nm, anticlockwise moment = 375NmB tips down to the right, clockwise moment = 400Nm, anticlockwise moment = 375NmD tips down to the left, clockwise moment = 350Nm, anticlockwise moment = 375Nm3 a)b) 5N on each support (this answer ignores the weight of the shelf itself).c)The book is 34 of the way between P and Q. 14of its weight will be on P, and 34on Q, soP supports 2.5N and Q supports 7.5N.d) The forces due to the new book are 2.5N on each support, so the total force on P is 5N and thetotal force on Q is 10N.e) The weight of the shelf is spread evenly along the shelf, so each support takes half the weight(5N).So with one 10N book in the middle of the shelf, there is 10N on each support. With the book 50cm from Q, there is a force of 7.5N on P and 12.5N on Q.Chapter 61 a) An asteroid is a rocky body, usually between several metres or several hundreds of kilometresacross, which is orbiting the Sun.b) A comet is a body composed of dust and ice, which orbits the Sun following a very ellipticalpath.c) Most asteroids have an orbit which lies between the planets Mars and Jupiter. The orbits ofcomets at times take them very close to the Sun and at other times to the outer reaches of theSolar System. Asteroids are composed of rocks. Comets are composed of ice and dust.d) Away from the Sun.e) Comets move very quickly when they are close to the Sun, and much more slowly when theyare a long way from the Sun. 2The Milky Way is the name of our galaxy.3 a) orbital speed = 2p rT , so T = 2p r speed = 2 (35786+6400)km 3.07T = 86340 sb) This is 24 hours, so the satellite completes one orbit in the same time as the Earth spins once. Ifthe satellite is over the equator, it is in a geostationary orbit. 4 orbital speed =2p rT If you use distances in km and times in hours, the speeds you work out will be in km/h. a) radius of Earth’s orbit = 150 million kmperiod of Earth’s orbit = 1 year (which is 365.25 24 hours = 8766 hours)speed =2 p 150000000km8766h= 107 515 km/hb) radius of Jupiter’s orbit = 5 radius of Earth’s orbit = 750 million kmperiod of Jupiter’s orbit = 12 Earth years = 105 192 hoursspeed =2 p 750000000km105192h= 44 798 km/hEnd of Section A questions1 vector, shape, acceleration, mass, weight, terminal, balanced.moments, perpendicular, pivot.(10) 2 a) Speed is found from slope of graph (1)= 60 m ÷ 30 s (1)= 2 m/s (1 for correct answer with unit)b) Standing still(1)c) Walking back to starting point quickly (1)or walking at –4 m/s (1 mark for sign, 1 mark for correct value, 1 mark for correct unit)d) Average velocity = 60 m ÷ 45 s (1) = 1.3 m/s (1) 3 a) Acceleration = increase in velocity ÷ time taken(1) = 150 m/s ÷ 5 s(1)= 30 m/s 2 (1)b) Area under graph = distance travelled (1) Approximate to suitable shapes, e.g. triangle and trapezium (1) Calculate appropriate areas (1) Answer in range 6200 m to 6600 m (1) c) Average velocity = total distance travelled ÷ time taken (1)= value from above say 6400 m ÷ 30 s (1)= 213 m/s(1) 4 a) Use v = u + at , where u = 0, a = 9.8 m/s 2 and t = 30 s so speed, v , after 30 s = 9.8 m/s 2 30 s (1) = 294 m/s (1)b) Your graph should look similar to this:(2)The acceleration gets less as she gets faster, as the air resistance increases.(1)She slows down when the parachute opens because it increases her air resistance suddenly.(1) 5 a) Deceleration = reduction in velocity ÷ time taken (1) = (40 m/s – 0 m/s) ÷ 10 s (1)= 4 m/s 2(1) b) Use F = ma , so braking force, F = 700 kg 4 m/s 2 (1)= 2800 (1)6 a) (1) for each correctly identified force in the correct direction.b) There is no unbalanced force on the float (1); the sum of the forces acting on the float is zero (1) c) When the rope breaks there is a resultant upward force on the float (1) so it acceleratesupwards (1).7 a) The moment of a force about a point is the product of the force (1) and the perpendiculardistance from the line of action of the force to the point.(1)b) Position five 0.1 N weights (1) on the hand, to the left of the centre of the hand (1), at a distanceof 0.1 m (10 cm) from the centre (1), thus:(2 marks for clearly labelled diagram)8 a) 150 N at A (1) and 150 N at B (1)b) Total weight hanging on frame = 650 N (1)They are 13of the way from A (1) so 23of the weight will be supported by A(1)so the force on A is 433 (1)c) At A(1) 9 a) Momentum = mass velocity(2) b) Use total momentum before explosion = total momentum after explosion. (1) Cannon and ball are stationary initially, so momentum before is zero. (1) Momentum of cannon ball = 10 kg 60 m/s = 600 kg m/s (1) so 200 kg velocity of cannon after explosion = –600 kg m/s (1)velocity of cannon after explosion = 3 m/s(1)which means the cannon recoils, moving in the opposite direction from the cannon ball(1) 10 a) Mercury, Venus and Mars (1) b) 30 yearsc) 1425 million kilometres(2) d) orbital speed =2p rTT in seconds = 30 365.25 24 60 60 = 946 728 000 sspeed =2 p 1425000000946728000= 9.5 km/s11 a) Your diagram should show an ellipse (1), with the Sun near one end of it (1):b)As a comet gets closer to the Sun, the gravitational forces acting upon it increase (1) and itspeeds up (1). As it travels away from the Sun, the Sun’s gravity slows it down (1) so its speed is least when it is furthest from the Sun (1).Chapter 71 a) 3Wb) 50Vc) 0.26Ad) 100W 18000s = 1800000J (1800kJ)2 a) The kettle is designed for a voltage of 230V. At this voltage, 1.5kJ of electrical energy istransferred into heat energy each second.b) I = PV=1500W230V= 6.52A. The fuse should be rated at around 7A or above. The next commonrating above this is 13A, so a 13A fuse is needed.c) Electrical energy is being transferred at the rate of 100J/s in the 100W bulb but only at 60J/sfor the 60W bulb.3 a) It can be reset. It does not need to be replaced.b) So no electrical energy can enter the appliance. If the switch was in the neutral wire, electricitycould enter the appliance and could possibly cause a shock if the appliance was faulty.c)The outer casing is made from an insulator, e.g. plastic.Chapter 81 a) i) +1ii) –1iii) nochargeb) Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus of an atom. Electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom.c) The same number.d) An ion.e) Your diagrams should show that the rubbing transfers electrons from one object to the other.The object that gains electrons becomes negatively charged. The object that loses electronsbecomes positively charged.2 a) Static electricity, i.e. excess charge escaping from the shirt/blouse causes tiny sparks whichmake a noise.b) Static electricity is escaping through you and the door handle to earth.c) The comb has become charged with static electricity whilst being used. It induces charge on thepaper, and the two attract.d) Whilst turned on, the screens become charged. They induce charges on nearby small objectssuch as dust particles. The particles are then attracted to the screens.3 a) The toner will stick only to those parts of the drum that are charged.b) As they pass through the negatively charged mesh, the dust particles become negativelycharged. Higher up the chimney, these charged particles induce the opposite charge on theearthed metal plates, and so are attracted to them.4 a) i) Clouds possibly become charged as tiny ice particles are moved up and down within them.There are other possible explanations.ii) The conductor is a metal strip, usually from a lightning rod on the roof, and running down the outside of the building. This provides a low-resistance path to earth, so current causedby the lightning flows down the conductor instead of through the building (which woulddamage the building).b) i) Unsafe – any two from: near isolated trees/pylons, in swimming pools, on high ground, ontop of buildings.ii) Safe – inside a building or inside a car.5 Workers connect themselves to the casing of the appliance on which they are working, using a wristloop and wire. This allows any difference in charge between the worker and the computer to travel along the wire safely, rather than causing a sudden spark.Chapter 91 a) Electronsb) There is a large number of free charge carriers (free electrons) in metals, but very few in aplastic.c) i) 3Cii) 1800Ciii) 10800C2 a) i) Charges can travel all the way around a complete circuit. An incomplete circuit has gaps,so charges cannot travel all the way around.ii) In a series circuit there is only one path for the current to follow. In a parallel circuit there is more than one path for the current to follow.b) S1 Bulbs A, B and C will go out.S2 Bulbs A, B and C will go out.S3 Bulbs D, E, F, G and H will go out.S4 Bulbs D and E will go out.S5 Bulbs F, G and H will go out.S6 Bulbs G and H will go out.c) All the bulbs will glow with equal brightness.d) It is a series circuit, therefore the current through all bulbs is the same.3 a) i) ii)b) As each coulomb of charge passes through the 1.5 V cell, it receives 1.5 J of electrical energy. 4 a) In the positions shown, the bulb will glow. If S1 is moved to B, the circuit is incomplete and thebulb will be turned off. If S2 is then moved to D, the circuit is again complete and the bulb will glow. b) Turning lighting on and off from top and bottom of a staircase. 5In parallel. If the lights are wired in series, the current through the string of lights will be too small tomake them glow, and any faulty bulbs will result in all the bulbs going off.Chapter 101 a) The current that flows through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference (orvoltage) across its ends, provided its temperature remains constant. b)c) Close the switch and take readings on ammeter and voltmeter. Alter the variable resistor andtake new readings. Repeat this at least six times. A graph of I against V will show a straight line passing through the origin, confirming Ohm’s law. d) i) A straight line graph passing through the origin, indicating a constant resistance.ii) As the current increases, the filament gets hotter and its resistance increases.iii) The resistance in one direction is very high, i.e. the diode will not conduct. The resistancein the opposite direction is much smaller, i.e. the diode will conduct.2 a) 4 b) 0.24 A c) 30 V3 a) i) Decrease its temperature.ii) Decrease the intensity of the light.b) Thermistors can be used in temperature circuits such as fire alarms and thermostats. LDRs canbe used in light-sensitive circuits such as automatic lighting controls.End of Section B questions1electrons, coulomb, energy resistance, lower (5) 2 a) Y is an ammeter, (1)Z is a voltmeter(1) b) variable resistor(1) c) It can be used to change the current. (1) d) 2.5 A (1) e) 4.0 V(1)f) R = 4.0 V/2.0 A (1)= 2.0(1)g) It increases. (1) 3 a) I = V /R (1) = 12 V/10 = 1.2 A (1)b) Q = I t (1)= 1.2 A 5 s = 6 C(1)c) E = V I t(1)= 12 V 1.2 A 60 s = 864 J (1) 4 a) I =PV (1)=2000W230V(1) = 8.7 A (1)b) 13 A (1)c) A double-insulated appliance has an outer casing made of plastic or other insulating material. (1)So even if there is a fault inside, making a live wire touch the casing, the user will not get ashock. (1)5 a) Two insulating materials are rubbed together (1), which transfers some electrons from one material to the other (1). The material that gains electrons has a negative charge (1) and the material losing electrons has a positive charge (1). b) i) Any static charge that has built up on the aircraft in flight (1) can be discharged throughthe earthing wire (1) instead of causing a spark which could ignite fuel vapour (1).ii) A wire is attached from the aircraft to a point on the tanker.(1)c) Electrostatic painting attracts paint to the object being painted (1) so less paint is wasted (1) andtherefore less paint can be used (1). d) An inkjet printer uses the fact that opposite charges attract (1) and similar charges repel (1) todirect drops of ink to the correct places on the paper (1). 6 a) Any four uses, such as cooking, heating water for washing, heating the house, drying hair, etc.(1) b) Any four rules ( 12 mark each), such as: – do not poke objects into sockets, as you may get a shock– make sure plugs are wired correctly, as an incorrectly wired plug may prevent the earth and fuse working properly– use the correct size fuse, so that a fault cannot cause overheating and a fire–never use broken plugs or frayed wires, as this may lead to bare wire being exposed which could cause a shock.c) A fault in an appliance could lead to a live wire touching the casing (1), and the presence of an2). This prevents someone touching earth wire conducts the current to earth and blows the fuse (12the casing getting a shock (1). A double-insulated hairdryer has an insulating case, so the2person cannot get a shock even if the fuse has not blown (1).2Chapter 111 a) The vibrations of a transverse wave are across the direction in which the wave is moving. Thevibrations of a longitudinal wave are along the direction in which the wave is moving. b) Transverse waves: light (or any other electromagnetic wave) or surface water waves.Longitudinal waves: sound waves.c)2 a)b)c) It is not desirable to have the harbour entrance the same size as the wavelength of water wavesduring a storm. If this does happen, the waves will be greatly diffracted as they enter the harbour and there will be very few areas where the water is calm. 3 a) 0.4 sb) 2.5 Hz4 a) f = v=1500m/s1.5m= 1000Hzb) T = 1f= 0.001sChapter 121 a) They all transfer energy, are transverse waves, travel at the same speed through a vacuum, canbe reflected, refracted and diffracted.b) Light, microwaves and radio wavesc) Microwaves and infra-red wavesd) Gamma rayse) Infra-redf)Microwaves2 a) Water molecules within the food absorb the microwaves and become hot, so the food cooksthroughout, not just from the outside as in the case of a normal oven.b) X-rays pass easily through soft body tissue but cannot travel through bones. Therefore bonesleave ‘shadows’ on X-ray photographs, which show the shape of the bone and therefore canshow if bones have been broken.c) The Earth’s ozone layer absorbs large quantities of the Sun’s UV radiation. If this layer isdamaged, more UV light will reach the surface of the Earth. UV light is harmful to human eyes and can cause skin cancer.d) Exposure to gamma radiation kills the micro-organisms in food and so delays their decay.3 a) A signal that is converted into electrical voltages or currents that vary continuously is called ananalogue signal. A signal that is converted into a sequence of numbers is called a digital signal.c) Regeneration of a digital signal produces a clean, accurate copy of the original. The data areoften more easily processed.Chapter 131 Your diagram could look something like this:2 a)b) The image is as far behind the mirror as the object is in front. The image is the same size as theobject. The image is virtual. The image is laterally inverted. The image is the same colour as the object.c) 10 m d) 2 m/s 3 a) and b)c) As the ray of light enters the glass block, it slows down and is refracted towards the normal. Asthe ray leaves the glass block, its speed increases and it is refracted away from the normal. d)4 a) n =sin i sin r =sin55°sin31°= 1.59 b) sin r = sin i n=sin 45°1.59 = 0.445r = 26.4°c) sin c =1n =11.59=0.629c = 39°5 a)b) White light is composed of a mixture of colours. Because each colour travels at a different speedthrough the prism, they are refracted through different angles. 6 a)b)c)7 a) If a ray of light travelling from a more dense medium into a less dense medium strikes theboundary between the two at an angle greater than the critical angle, the ray is reflected by the boundary and is not refracted. This phenomenon is called total internal reflection. b)c) The final image created by a prismatic periscope is likely to be sharper and brighter than thatproduced by a periscope, which uses mirrors. d)Bicycle reflectors and binoculars use prisms to turn light through 180°.8 a)As the fibres are very narrow, light entering the inner core always strikes the boundary of thetwo glasses at an angle that is greater than the critical angle. b) If the outer glass of an optical fibre had a higher refractive index, light within the fibre strikingthe boundary would be refracted and escape through the sides. c) Optical fibres are used in the construction of endoscopes. Bundles of optical fibres carry lightinto and out of a patient’s body. Images of the inside of the body can be created from the reflected light.Chapter 141 a) Any suitable instrument, e.g. piccolo, flute, violin etc.b) The air column is short/strings are short, and so vibrate quickly, i.e. at a high frequency. c) Blow harder/bow the strings more vigorously so that the amplitude of vibration is larger. d)2 a) An echo is a reflected sound wave.b) Sound waves are emitted from the ship and travel to the seabed. Equipment on the ship detectssome of the sound waves reflected from the seabed. The depth of the sea can be calculated from the time between sending the sound wave and detecting the echo. c) Distance travelled in 4 s = 1500 m/s 4 s = 6000 m, so depth of water = 3000 m3 a) This person cannot hear sounds with frequencies less than 20 Hz or greater than 20 000 Hz. b) Sounds with frequencies greater than 20 kHz that cannot be heard by the human ear are calledultrasounds. c)l =v f =340m/s 69000Hz =0.005m 4 a) There is no atmosphere on the Moon, i.e. there are no particles to carry the sound energy. b) When their helmets touch there is no longer a vacuum between them, the sound energy cantravel through their helmets. 5 a) When the source is vibrating with a small amplitude, the disturbance of each air particle as thewave passes is fairly small and the sound is quiet. If the source is vibrating with a largeamplitude, the particles are displaced further from their rest position as each wave passes, and we hear a louder sound. b)End of Section C questions1 a) The waves spread out. (1) b) Diffraction(1) c) Make the gap in the harbour wall much larger. (1)。

IGCSE 物理中英词汇General Physicsmovement :运动;活动position ：位置,方位acceleration ：加速,促进velocity ：［力］速率;迅速investigate ：调查;研究force ：力量；促使weight ：重量,重力friction：摩擦，[力] 摩擦力precise ：精确的，准确的accurate :精确的,准确的tape measure ：卷尺vernier calliper :游标卡尺micrometer screw gauge :螺旋千分尺［测微计］Measuring cylinder ：量筒sliding scale ：计算尺，按比例增减mass ：团，块，堆Pascal ：帕斯卡(Blaise,1623—1662,法国数学家、物理学家、哲学家)Action-reaction forces 反作用力resistance :阻力；电阻upthrust :向上推electrostatic：静电的;unbalance ［力］失衡；shape：形状；模型；elastic：松紧带；橡皮圈resilient ：弹回的horizontally ：水平地；横地lamina ：薄板,薄层,叶片clockwise ：顺时针方向的gravitation :吸引力,趋势geothermal :地热的hydroelectric ：水力发电的tidal ：潮水的:受潮汐影响的barometer ：气压计, 晴雨表nanometer : 纳米Dependent variable :因变量Energy levels ：能级Buoyant force :浮力Equilibrant force ：平衡力Centripetal force :向心力Gravitational potential energy：重力势能Circular motion 圆周运动Coefficient of friction 摩擦系数Impulse—momentum theorem ：动量定理Coefficient of volume expansion ：体积膨胀系数Inertia :惯性，Joule ：焦耳Constant acceleration：恒加速度Kelvin temperature scale ：凯式温度Instantaneous acceleration ：瞬时加速度Kinetic energy ：动能Magnification ：放大率weight :负荷；使…变重moment ：转矩，动量,时刻equilibrium :平衡，均势Sliding friction ：滑动摩擦Slope :斜率Simple harmonic motion：简谐运动Static friction :静摩擦Thermal energy 热能Kinetic—molecular energy ：分子能Momentum 动量Potential difference 势差Law of conservation of energy :能量守恒定律Pressure：电压Linear accelerator:直线加速度Principle of superposition：叠加原理Uniform circular motion：等速圆周运动Uniform acceleration：匀加速度Thermal physicsconduction ：［生理］传导，传导convection ：[流］［气象］对流; radiation :辐射；发光；放射物insulator：［物］绝缘体; electromagnetic ：电磁的invar ：不胀钢brass ：黄铜,铜管乐器calibrate ：校准，使标准化latent heat of vaporization ：汽化潜热knob ：（门、抽屉的)球形把手thermostat ：恒温(调节）器Mercury :水星,水银junction ：联结点，枢纽thermocouple ：热电偶thermistor ：电热调节器insulation ：隔离，隔绝solidification ：凝固,spectrum ：光谱；频谱;hypothermic ：体温过低的absolute zero:［物］绝对零度infra—red：红外线的energy efficient：节能arrangement :安排；解决办法collide ：相撞，碰撞evaporation ：蒸发；发散；消失cap screw ：帽螺钉bimetallic strip ：（用于恒温器等中的)双金属条conduction ：（热、电等的）传导convection ：传送，对流infrared radiation :红外辐射ion ：<物>离子metal gauze strainer ：金属网过滤器Bunsen burner ：本生灯（即煤气灯）latent heat of fusion ：熔解潜热boiling :沸腾的，激昂的manganate ：锰酸盐electromagnetic spectrum ：电磁波频谱stirrer shaft ：搅拌器轴Carnot efficiency ：卡诺循环Specific heat ：比热Cohesive force ：内聚力Thermal equilibrium ：热平衡Convection ：对流传热Thermal expansion ：热膨胀Boiling point :沸点Insulator:绝缘、隔热或隔音等的物质或装置matt ：表面暗淡的,无光泽的sea breeze ：（白天吹向内陆的)海风adhesion：附着力Bubble chamber ：气泡箱Entropy :熵Calorimeter ：热量剂Evaporation ：蒸发Capillary action :毛细管作用Melting point ：熔点Thermometer ：温度计Dynamics ：动力学IGCSE 数学中英对照词汇代数部分1.基础add,plus 加subtract 减difference 差multiply times 乘product 积divide 除divisible 可被整除的divided evenly 被整除dividend 被除数divisor 因子，除数quotient 商remainder 余数factorial 阶乘power 乘方radical sign, root sign 根号round to 四舍五入to the nearest 四舍五入2.有关集合union 并集proper subset 真子集solution set 解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term 代数项like terms，similar terms 同类项5。

I G C S E?数学中英对照词汇?代数部分?1.基础?add，plus?加?subtract?减?difference?差?multiply?times?乘?product?积?divide?除?divisible?可被整除的?divided?evenly?被整除?dividend?被除数?divisor?因子，除数?quotient?商?remainder?余数?factorial?阶乘?power?乘方?radical?sign,?root?sign?根号?round?to?四舍五入?to?the?nearest?四舍五入?2.有关集合?union?并集?proper?subset?真子集?solution?set?解集?subset子集nonemptysubset空集intersection交集complement补集universalset全集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式? algebraic?term?代数项?like?terms,?similar?terms?同类项?5.基本数学概念?arithmetic?mean?算术平均值? weighted?average?加权平均值? geometric?mean?几何平均数? exponent?指数，幂?base?乘幂的底数,底边?cube?立方数，立方体?square?root?平方根?cube?root?立方根common?logarithm?常用对数? digit?数字?constant?常数?variable?变量?inverse?function?反函数? complementary?function?余函数? linear?一次的，线性的? factorization?因式分解? absolute?value?绝对值?round?off?四舍五入?6.有关数论?natural?number?自然数? positive?number?正数? negative?number?负数?odd?integer?奇整数,?odd?number?奇数?even?integer,?even?number?偶数?integer,?whole?number?整数rationalnumber有理数realnumber实数complexnumber复数irrationalnumber无理数?4.有关分数和小数?proper?fraction真分数?improper?fraction假分数?mixed?number带分数?vulgar?fraction，common?fraction普通分数? simple?fraction简分数?complex?fraction繁分数?numerator分子?denominator分母?(least)common?denominator(最小)公分母? quarter四分之一?decimal?fraction纯小数?infinite?decimal无穷小数?recurring?decimal循环小数?tenths?unit十分位?irrational(number)无理数?inverse倒数?composite?number合数?reciprocal倒数?common?divisor公约数?multiple倍数?(least)common?multiple(最小)公倍数? (prime)factor(质)因子?common?factor公因子?prime?number质数?ordinary?scale,?decimal?scale十进制nonnegative非负的?tens十位?units个位?mode众数?median中数?common?ratio公比?positive?whole?number?正整数? negative?whole?number?负整数? consecutive?number?连续整数?real?number,?rational?number?实数,有理数? arentheses?括号=32?proportion?比例?permutation?排列?combination?组合?table?表格?trigonometric?function?三角函数?unit?单位,位?numerical?coefficient?数字系数? inequality?不等式?triangle?inequality?三角不等式?range?值域?original?equation?原方程?equivalent?equation?同解方程等价方程? linear?equation?线性方程??7.数列?arithmetic?progression(sequence)等差数列? geometric?progression(sequence)等比数列?8.其它?approximate?近似?(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向? cardinal?基数?ordinal?序数?direct?proportion?正比? distinct?不同的?estimation?估计，近似?几何部分?1.所有的角?alternate?angle?内错角? corresponding?angle?同位角? vertical?angle?对顶角? central?angle?圆心角? interior?angle?内角?exterior?angle?外角supplementary?angles?补角? complementary?angle?余角? adjacent?angle?邻角?acute?angle?锐角?obtuse?angle?钝角?right?angle?直角?round?angle?周角?straight?angle?平角? included?angle?夹角?2.所有的三角形?equilateral?triangle?等边三角形? scalene?triangle?不等边三角形? isosceles?triangle?等腰三角形? right?triangle?直角三角形?oblique?斜三角形?inscribed?triangle?内接三角形?5.有关立体图形?cube?立方体，立方数?rectangular?solid?长方体?regular?solid/regular?polyhedron?正多面体? circular?cylinder?圆柱体?tangent?切线的?transversal?截线?intercept?截距solid?立体的?cone?圆锥?sphere?球体??6.有关图形上的附属物?altitude?高?depth?深度?side?边长?circumference,?perimeter?周长?radian?弧度?surface?area?表面积?volume?体积?arm?直角三角形的股?cross?section?横截面?center?of?acircle?圆心?chord?弦?radius?半径?angle?bisector?角平分线?diagonal?对角线?diameter?直径?edge?棱?ace?of?a?solid?立体的面? hypotenuse?斜边?3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外? semicircle?半圆?concentric?circles?同心圆? quadrilateral?四边形?pentagon?五边形?hexagon?六边形?heptagon?七边形?octagon?八边形?nonagon?九边形?decagon?十边形?polygon?多边形?parallelogram?平行四边形? equilateral?等边形?plane?平面?square?正方形，平方?rectangle?长方形?regular?polygon?正多边形? rhombus?菱形?trapezoid?梯形?4.其它平面图形?arc?弧?line,?straight?line?直线?line?segment?线段?parallel?lines?平行线?segment?of?a?circle?弧形?其它相关词汇?cent?美分?penny?一美分硬币?included?side?夹边?leg?三角形的直角边?median?of?a?triangle?三角形的中线?base?底边，底数(e.g.2?的5?次方，2?就是底数)? opposite?直角三角形中的对边?midpoint?中点?endpoint?端点?vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点?quart?夸脱?gallon?加仑(1gallon=4quart)?yard?码?meter?米?micron?微米?inch?英寸?7.有关坐标coordinate?system?坐标系?rectangular?coordinate?直角坐标系?origin?原点?abscissa?横坐标?ordinate?纵坐标?Number?line?数轴?quadrant?象限?slope?斜率?complex?plane?复平面?8.其它?plane?geometry?平面几何?trigonometry?三角学?bisect?平分?circumscribe?外切?inscribe?内切?intersect?相交?nickel?5?美分硬币?dime?一角硬币?dozen?打(12?个)?score?廿(20?个)?Centigrade?摄氏?Fahrenheit?华氏?foot?英尺?minute?分(角度的度量单位，60?分=1?度)? square?measure?平方单位制?cubic?meter?立方米?pint?品脱(干量或液量的单位)? perpendicular?垂直?Pythagorean?theorem?勾股定理? congruent?全等的?multilateral?多边的?。

IGCSE 物理中英词汇General Physicsmovement ：运动；活动position ：位置，方位acceleration ：加速，促进velocity ：[力] 速率；迅速investigate ：调查；研究force ：力量；促使weight ：重量，重力friction：摩擦，[力] 摩擦力precise ：精确的，准确的accurate ：精确的，准确的tape measure ：卷尺vernier calliper ：游标卡尺micrometer screw gauge ：螺旋千分尺[测微计]Measuring cylinder ：量筒sliding scale ：计算尺,按比例增减mass ：团，块，堆Pascal ：帕斯卡(Blaise,1623-1662,法国数学家、物理学家、哲学家)Action-reaction forces 反作用力resistance ：阻力；电阻upthrust ：向上推electrostatic：静电的；unbalance [力] 失衡；shape：形状；模型；elastic：松紧带；橡皮圈resilient ：弹回的horizontally ：水平地；横地lamina ：薄板，薄层，叶片clockwise ：顺时针方向的gravitation ：吸引力，趋势geothermal ：地热的hydroelectric ：水力发电的tidal ：潮水的：受潮汐影响的barometer ：气压计, 晴雨表nanometer ：纳米Dependent variable ：因变量Energy levels ：能级Buoyant force ：浮力Equilibrant force ：平衡力Centripetal force ：向心力Gravitational potential energy：重力势能Circular motion 圆周运动Coefficient of friction 摩擦系数Impulse-momentum theorem ：动量定理Coefficient of volume expansion ：体积膨胀系数Inertia ：惯性，Joule ：焦耳Constant acceleration：恒加速度Kelvin temperature scale ：凯式温度Instantaneous acceleration ：瞬时加速度Kinetic energy ：动能Magnification ：放大率weight ：负荷；使…变重moment ：转矩，动量，时刻equilibrium ：平衡，均势Sliding friction ：滑动摩擦Slope ：斜率Simple harmonic motion：简谐运动Static friction ：静摩擦Thermal energy 热能Kinetic-molecular energy ：分子能Momentum 动量Potential difference 势差Law of conservation of energy ：能量守恒定律Pressure：电压Linear accelerator：直线加速度Principle of superposition：叠加原理Uniform circular motion：等速圆周运动Uniform acceleration：匀加速度Thermal physicsconduction ：[生理] 传导,传导convection ：[流][气象] 对流；radiation ：辐射；发光；放射物insulator：[物] 绝缘体；electromagnetic ：电磁的invar ：不胀钢brass ：黄铜，铜管乐器calibrate ：校准，使标准化latent heat of vaporization ：汽化潜热knob ：(门、抽屉的)球形把手thermostat ：恒温(调节)器Mercury ：水星，水银junction ：联结点，枢纽thermocouple ：热电偶thermistor ：电热调节器insulation ：隔离，隔绝solidification ：凝固，spectrum ：光谱；频谱；hypothermic ：体温过低的absolute zero：[物] 绝对零度infra-red：红外线的energy efficient：节能arrangement ：安排；解决办法collide ：相撞，碰撞evaporation ：蒸发；发散；消失cap screw ：帽螺钉bimetallic strip ：(用于恒温器等中的)双金属条conduction ：(热、电等的)传导convection ：传送,对流infrared radiation ：红外辐射ion ：<物>离子metal gauze strainer ：金属网过滤器Bunsen burner ：本生灯(即煤气灯)latent heat of fusion ：熔解潜热boiling ：沸腾的，激昂的manganate ：锰酸盐electromagnetic spectrum ：电磁波频谱stirrer shaft ：搅拌器轴Carnot efficiency ：卡诺循环Specific heat ：比热Cohesive force ：内聚力Thermal equilibrium ：热平衡Convection ：对流传热Thermal expansion ：热膨胀Boiling point ：沸点Insulator：绝缘、隔热或隔音等的物质或装置matt ：表面暗淡的，无光泽的sea breeze ：(白天吹向内陆的)海风adhesion：附着力Bubble chamber ：气泡箱Entropy ：熵Calorimeter ：热量剂Evaporation ：蒸发Capillary action ：毛细管作用Melting point ：熔点Thermometer ：温度计Dynamics ：动力学IGCSE 数学中英对照词汇代数部分1.基础add，plus 加subtract 减difference 差multiply times 乘product 积divide 除divisible 可被整除的divided evenly 被整除dividend 被除数divisor 因子，除数quotient 商remainder 余数factorial 阶乘power 乘方radical sign, root sign 根号round to 四舍五入to the nearest 四舍五入2.有关集合union 并集proper subset 真子集solution set 解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term 代数项like terms, similar terms 同类项5.基本数学概念arithmetic mean 算术平均值weighted average 加权平均值geometric mean 几何平均数exponent 指数，幂base 乘幂的底数,底边cube 立方数，立方体square root 平方根cube root 立方根common logarithm 常用对数constant 常数variable 变量inverse function 反函数complementary function 余函数linear 一次的，线性的factorization 因式分解absolute value 绝对值round off 四舍五入6.有关数论natural number 自然数positive number 正数negative number 负数odd integer 奇整数,odd number 奇数even integer, even number 偶数integer, whole number 整数4.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction，common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数tenths unit十分位irrational(number)无理数inverse倒数composite number合数reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子common factor公因子prime number质数ordinary scale, decimal scale十进制nonnegative非负的units个位mode众数median中数common ratio公比positive whole number 正整数negative whole number 负整数consecutive number 连续整数real number, rational number 实数,有理数arentheses 括号=32proportion 比例permutation 排列combination 组合table 表格trigonometric function 三角函数unit 单位,位numerical coefficient 数字系数inequality 不等式triangle inequality 三角不等式range 值域original equation 原方程equivalent equation 同解方程等价方程linear equation 线性方程(7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列geometric progression(sequence)等比数列8.其它approximate 近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal 基数ordinal 序数direct proportion 正比distinct 不同的estimation 估计，近似几何部分1.所有的角alternate angle 内错角corresponding angle 同位角vertical angle 对顶角central angle 圆心角interior angle 内角exterior angle 外角supplementary angles 补角complementary angle 余角adjacent angle 邻角acute angle 锐角obtuse angle 钝角right angle 直角round angle 周角straight angle 平角included angle 夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle 等边三角形scalene triangle 不等边三角形isosceles triangle 等腰三角形right triangle 直角三角形oblique 斜三角形inscribed triangle 内接三角形solid 立体的cone 圆锥sphere 球体5.有关立体图形cube 立方体，立方数rectangular solid 长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron 正多面体circular cylinder 圆柱体tangent 切线的transversal 截线intercept 截距6.有关图形上的附属物altitude 高depth 深度side 边长circumference, perimeter 周长radian 弧度surface area 表面积volume 体积arm 直角三角形的股cross section 横截面center of acircle 圆心chord 弦radius 半径angle bisector 角平分线diagonal 对角线diameter 直径edge 棱face of a solid 立体的面hypotenuse 斜边3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle 半圆concentric circles 同心圆quadrilateral 四边形pentagon 五边形hexagon 六边形heptagon 七边形octagon 八边形nonagon 九边形decagon 十边形polygon 多边形parallelogram 平行四边形equilateral 等边形plane 平面square 正方形，平方rectangle 长方形regular polygon 正多边形rhombus 菱形trapezoid 梯形4.其它平面图形arc 弧line, straight line 直线line segment 线段parallel lines 平行线segment of a circle 弧形其它相关词汇cent 美分penny 一美分硬币included side 夹边leg 三角形的直角边median of a triangle 三角形的中线base 底边，底数(e.g.2 的5 次方，2 就是底数) opposite 直角三角形中的对边midpoint 中点endpoint 端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点quart 夸脱gallon 加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard 码meter 米micron 微米inch 英寸7.有关坐标coordinate system 坐标系rectangular coordinate 直角坐标系origin 原点abscissa 横坐标ordinate 纵坐标Number line 数轴quadrant 象限slope 斜率complex plane 复平面8.其它plane geometry 平面几何trigonometry 三角学bisect 平分circumscribe 外切inscribe 内切intersect 相交nickel 5 美分硬币dime 一角硬币dozen 打(12 个)score 廿(20 个)Centigrade 摄氏Fahrenheit 华氏foot 英尺minute 分(角度的度量单位，60 分=1 度) square measure 平方单位制cubic meter 立方米pint 品脱(干量或液量的单位) perpendicular 垂直Pythagorean theorem 勾股定理congruent 全等的multilateral 多边的。

ig physics各章单词第一章：运动的描述。

1. 质点（particle）：[ˈpɑːtɪkl]，n.2. 参考系（reference frame）：[ˈrefrəns freɪm]，n.3. 坐标系（coordinate system）：[kəʊˈɔːdɪnət ˈsɪstəm]，n.4. 时间（time）：[taɪm]，n.5. 时刻（instant）：[ˈɪnstənt]，n.6. 位移（displacement）：[dɪsˈpleɪsmənt]，n.7. 路程（path）：[pɑːθ]，n.8. 速度（velocity）：[vəˈlɒsəti]，n.9. 平均速度（average velocity）：[ˈævərɪdʒ vəˈlɒsəti]，n.10. 瞬时速度（instantaneous velocity）：[ˌɪnstənˈteɪniəs vəˈlɒsəti]，n.11. 加速度（acceleration）：[əkˌseləˈreɪʃn]，n.第二章：匀变速直线运动的研究。

1. 匀变速直线运动（uniformly variable rectilinear motion）：[ˈjuːnɪf ɔːmli ˈveəriəbl ˌrektɪˈlɪniəˈməʊʃn]，n.2. 速度 - 时间图象（v - t graph）：[vi: - ti: ɡrɑ:f]，n.3. 位移 - 时间图象（x - t graph）：[eks - ti: ɡrɑ:f]，n.4. 自由落体运动（free - fall motion）：[fri: - fɔːl ˈməʊʃn]，n.5. 重力加速度（acceleration of gravity）：[əkˌseləˈreɪʃn ɒv ˈɡrævəti]，n.第三章：相互作用。

1. 力（force）：[fɔːs]，n.2. 重力（gravity）：[ˈɡrævəti]，n.3. 弹力（elastic force）：[ɪˈlæstɪk fɔːs]，n.4. 摩擦力（frictional force）：[ˈfrɪkʃənl fɔːs]，n.5. 静摩擦力（static frictional force）：[ˈstætɪk ˈfrɪkʃənl fɔːs]，n.6. 滑动摩擦力（sliding frictional force）：[ˈslaɪdɪŋˈfrɪkʃənl fɔːs]，n.7. 力的合成（composition of forces）：[ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn ɒv ˈfɔːsɪz]，n.8. 力的分解（resolution of forces）：[ˌrezəˈluːʃn ɒv ˈfɔːsɪz]，n.第四章：牛顿运动定律。

igcse 计算机词汇词汇发音词性释义。

Algorithm/ˈælɡərɪðəm/noun算法，计算步骤。

Byte/baɪt/noun字节，位组。

Compiler/kəmˈpaɪlə(r)/noun编译程序。

Debug/diːˈbʌɡ/verb调试，除错。

Encryption/ɪnˈkrɪpʃn/noun加密，编密码。

Firewall/ˈfaɪəwɔːl/noun防火墙。

Hardware/ˈhɑːdweə(r)/noun硬件。

Input/ˈɪnpʊt/noun/verb输入（名词）；输入（数据等）（动词）Interface/ˈɪntəfeɪs/noun/verb接口（名词）；（使通过界面或接口）接合（动词）Java/ˈdʒɑːvə/noun爪哇（一种计算机编程语言）Kernel/ˈkɜːnl/noun内核，核心程序。

Loop/luːp/noun/verb循环（名词）；使成环（动词）Memory/ˈmeməri/noun存储器，内存。

Network/ˈnetwɜːk/noun/verb网络（名词）；将……连接成网络（动词）Output/ˈaʊtpʊt/noun/verb输出（名词）；输出（数据等）（动词）Peripheral/pəˈrɪfərəl/noun/adj外围设备（名词）；外围的（形容词）Program/ˈprəʊɡræm/noun/verb程序（名词）；编写程序（动词）Queue/kjuː/noun/verb队列（名词）；排队（动词）Register/ˈredʒɪstə(r)/noun/verb寄存器（名词）；登记，注册（动词）Software/ˈsɒftweə(r)/noun软件。

Syntax/ˈsɪntæks/noun语法，句法。

Variable/ˈveəriəbl/noun/adj变量（名词）；可变的（形容词）。

IGCSE 物理中英词汇General Physicsmovement ：运动；活动position ：位置，方位acceleration ：加速，促进velocity ： [力 ] 速率；迅速investigate ：调查；研究force ：力量；促使weight ：重量，重力friction ：摩擦， [ 力] 摩擦力precise：精确的，准确的accurate ：精确的，准确的tape measure ：卷尺verniercalliper ：游标卡尺micrometer screwgauge ：螺旋千分尺 [测微计 ]Measuring cylinder ：量筒slidingscale ：计算尺 ,按比例增减mass ：团，块，堆Pascal ：帕斯卡 (Blaise,1623-1662,法国数学家、物理学家、哲学家)Action-reactionforces 反作用力resistance ：阻力；电阻upthrust ：向上推electrostatic ：静电的；unbalance [ 力 ] 失衡；shape ：形状；模型；elastic ：松紧带；橡皮圈resilient ：弹回的horizontally ：水平地；横地lamina ：薄板，薄层，叶片clockwise ：顺时针方向的gravitation ：吸引力，趋势geothermal ：地热的hydroelectric ：水力发电的tidal ：潮水的：受潮汐影响的barometer ：气压计 , 晴雨表nanometer ：纳米Dependent variable ：因变量Energy levels Buoyant forceEquilibrant force ：能级：浮力：平衡力Centripetalforce ：向心力Gravitational potentialenergy：重力势能Circularmotion 圆周运动Coefficient offriction 摩擦系数Impulse-momentum theorem ：动量定理Coefficient of volumeexpansion ：体积膨胀系数Inertia ：惯性，Joule ：焦耳Constantacceleration ：恒加速度Kelvin temperature scale ：凯式温度Instantaneousacceleration ：瞬时加速度Kineticenergy ：动能Magnification ：放大率weight ：负荷；使⋯变重moment ：转矩，动量，时刻equilibrium ：平衡，均势Slidingfriction ：滑动摩擦Slope ：斜率Simple harmonicmotion：简谐运动Staticfriction ：静摩擦Thermalenergy热能Kinetic-molecular energy ：分子能Momentum 动量Potentialdifference 势差Law of conservation of energy ：能量守恒定律Pressure ：电压Linearaccelerator ：直线加速度Principle of superposition ：叠加原理Uniform circularmotion ：等速圆周运动Uniform acceleration ：匀加速度Thermal physicsconduction ： [生理 ] 传导 ,传导convectio n ： [流 ][气象 ] 对流；radiation ：辐射；发光；放射物insulator ： [物 ] 绝缘体；electromagnetic ：电磁的invar ：不胀钢brass ：黄铜，铜管乐器calibrate ：校准，使标准化latent heat ofvaporization：汽化潜热 knob ： (门、抽屉的 )球形把手thermostat ：恒温 (调节 )器Mercury ：水星，水银junction ：联结点，枢纽thermocouple ：热电偶thermistor ：电热调节器insulation ：隔离，隔绝solidification ：凝固，spectrum ：光谱；频谱；hypothermic ：体温过低的absolute zero ： [物 ] 绝对零度infra-red ：红外线的energy efficient ：节能arrangement ：安排；解决办法collide ：相撞，碰撞evaporation ：蒸发；发散；消失cap screw ：帽螺钉bimetallic strip ： (用于恒温器等中的)双金属条conduction ： (热、电等的 )传导convection ：传送 ,对流infraredradiation ：红外辐射ion ： <物>离子metal gauze strainer ：金属网过滤器Bunsen burner ：本生灯 (即煤气灯 )latent heat offusion ：熔解潜热boiling ：沸腾的，激昂的manganate ：锰酸盐electromagneticspectrum：电磁波频谱stirrer shaft ：搅拌器轴Carnot efficiency ：卡诺循环Specific heat ：比热Cohesive force ：内聚力Thermal equilibrium ：热平衡Convection ：对流传热Thermal expansion ：热膨胀Boiling point ：沸点Insulator ：绝缘、隔热或隔音等的物质或装置matt ：表面暗淡的，无光泽的sea breeze ： (白天吹向内陆的)海风adhesion ：附着力Bubble chamber ：气泡箱Entropy ：熵Calorimeter ：热量剂Evaporation ：蒸发Capillary action Melting point Thermometer：毛细管作用：熔点：温度计Dynamics ：动力学IGCSE 数学中英对照词汇代数部分1.基础add ， plus加subtract 减difference 差multiplytimes 乘product 积divide 除divisible 可被整除的dividedevenly 被整除dividend 被除数divisor 因子，除数quotient 商remainder余数factorial 阶乘power 乘方radical sign, rootsign 根号round to 四舍五入to thenearest 四舍五入2.有关集合union 并集proper subset 真子集solution set 解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraicterm 代数项like terms, similar 同类terms 项5.基本数学概念arithmeticmean 算术平均值weighted average 加权平均值geometricmean 几何平均数exponent 指数，幂base 乘幂的底数 ,底边cube 立方数，立方体square root 平方根cuberoot 立方根common logarithm 常用对数digit 数字constant 常数variable 变量inverse function 反函数complementaryfunction 余函数linear 一次的，线性的factorization 因式分解absolutevalue 绝对值round off 四舍五入6.有关数论naturalnumber 自然数positivenumber 正数negative number 负数oddinteger 奇整数 ,odd number 奇数even integer, even number 偶数integer, whole number 整数4.有关分数和小数properfraction 真分数improper fraction 假分数mixed number 带分数vulgar fraction ，common fraction 普通分数 simplefraction 简分数complex fraction 繁分数numerator 分子denominator 分母(least)common denominator( 最小 )公分母quarter 四分之一decimal fraction 纯小数infinite decimal 无穷小数recurring decimal 循环小数tenths unit 十分位irrational(number) 无理数inverse 倒数composite number 合数reciprocal 倒数common divisor 公约数multiple 倍数(least)common multiple( 最小 )公倍数(prime)facto r( common factor primenumber质 )因子 公因子 质数ordinary scale, decimal scale 十进制nonnegative 非负的tens 十位units 个位mode 众数median 中数common ratio 公比positive wholenumber 正整数negative wholenumber负整数consecutive number 连续整数real number, rational number 实数 ,有理数arentheses 括号=32proportion 比例permutation 排列combination 组合table 表格trigonometricfunction 三角函数unit 单位 ,位numericalcoefficient 数字系数inequality 不等式triangleinequality 三角不等式range 值域originalequation 原方程equivalent equation 同解方程等价方程linear equation线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)7.数列arithmeticprogression(sequence) 等差数列geometricprogression(sequence) 等比数列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise( 逆 )顺时针方向cardinal 基数ordinal 序数direct proportion 正比distinct 不同的estimation 估计，近似几何部分1.所有的角alternate angle 内错角corresponding angle 同位角vertical angle central angle interior angle exterior angle 对顶角圆心角内角外角supplementaryangles 补角complementary angle 余角adjacentangle邻角acute angle 锐角obtuseangle钝角rightangle 直角roundangle 周角straightangle 平角includedangle 夹角2.所有的三角形equilateraltriangle 等边三角形scalene triangle 不等边三角形isoscelestriangle 等腰三角形righttriangle 直角三角形oblique 斜三角形inscribedtriangle 内接三角形solid 立体的cone 圆锥sphere 球体5.有关立体图形cube 立方体，立方数rectangular solid 长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron 正多面体circular cylinder 圆柱体tangent 切线的transversal 截线intercept 截距6.有关图形上的附属物altitude 高depth 深度side 边长circumference, perimeter 周长radian 弧度surface area 表面积volume 体积arm 直角三角形的股cross section 横截面center ofacircle圆心chord 弦radius 半径anglebisector 角平分线diagonal 对角线diameter 直径edge 棱face of asolidhypotenuse 立体的面斜边 3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外 semicircle 半圆concentriccircles 同心圆 quadrilateral 四边形 pentagon 五边形 hexagon 六边形 heptagon 七边形 octagon 八边形 nonagon 九边形 decagon 十边形 polygon 多边形 parallelogram 平行四边形 equilateral 等边形 plane 平面 square 正方形，平方 rectangl e 长方形 regular polygon 正多边形 rhombus 菱形 trapezoid 梯形4.其它平面图形 arc弧 line, straightline 直线 line segment 线段 parallellines 平行线 segment of acircle 弧形 其它相关词汇 cent 美分 penny 一美分硬币 included side 夹边 leg 三角形的直角边 median of atriangle 三角形的中线 base 底边，底数 (e.g.2的5 次方，2 就是底数 ) opposite 直角三角形中的对边midpoint 中点endpoint 端点vertex( 复数形式 vertices) 顶点quart 夸脱gallo n 加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard 码meter 米micron微米inch 英寸7.有关坐标coordinate system 坐标系rectangular coordinate 直角坐标系 origin 原点abscissa 横坐标ordinate 纵坐标Number line 数轴quadran t 象限slop e 斜率complex plane 复平面8.其它 plane geometry 平面几何trigonometry 三角学bisect 平分circumscribe 外切inscribe 内切intersect 相交nickel 5 美分硬币dime 一角硬币dozen 打(12 个 )score 廿(20 个 )Centigrade 摄氏Fahrenheit 华氏foot 英尺minute 分 (角度的度量单位， 60分 =1 度 ) square measure 平方单位制cubicmeter 立方米pint 品脱 (干量或液量的单位 )perpendicular 垂直Pythagorean theorem 勾股定理congruent 全等的multilateral 多边的。