句子成分和基本句型

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2011年高考英语复习:句子成分和基本句型主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English. He is asleep.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. (名词)She was very tired and looked it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式)The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste (尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉) ...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词)We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。

We elected him monitor. (名词)We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. ( 副词 )Please make yourself at home. 介词短语)Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)主补:对主语的补充。

He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词)We belong to the third world. (数词) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词)The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。

表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

(以下例句按上述顺序排列)I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:1、简单句(Simple Sentences):只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,例如:She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮。

主语谓语2):包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接,例如:The food was good, but he had little appetite. 食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。

主语系表主语谓宾3):包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如:The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了。

主句从句基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:1)主 + 动(SV)I work.我工作。

2)主 + 动 + 表(SVP)John is busy.约翰忙。

3)主 + 动 + 宾(SVO)She studies English.她学英语。

4)主 + 动 + 宾 + 补(SVOC)Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。

5)主 + 动+ 间宾 + 直宾(SVOiOd)My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。

一. Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。

这种句型中的动词基本上都是不及物动词,这些动词常见的有:appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等,但可以在其后添加修饰成分,如副词,介词短语,甚至状语从句作状语。

Time flies.(主语+谓语) The moon rose.月亮升起来了。

(主语+谓语)Birds sing beautifully.(副词) They stayed in a hotel. (介词短语)She apologized to me again. (副词) I had left when they came.(时间状语从句)二.Subject (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语,才能表达完整的意思。

主系表结构中的表语常常有以下成分充当:(代词).2) S + Lv + Adj(形容词) She is beautiful.3) S + Lv + Adv (副词) Class is over.4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase He is in good health.5) S + Lv + Participle(分词)He is excited. The film is interesting.三. Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。

同时,句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。

1)S+VT(及物动词)+名词/代词He knows the answer.(名词) I like her.(代词)2)S+VT(及物动词)+不定式I want to help him.(不定式)常用于这句型的动词有:attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。