小学生思维导图趣味背单词 (38)-其他代词

一文搞定代词（几个表格就ok了）hello，大家好，我是易图记的loridic，我们学过了语法框架和组成框架的大零件，现在我们来学习一下具体细节知识点：代词。

什么是代词？为了避免重复而代替名词的词，就叫代词。

比如：I 我，you 你，this 这个， those 哪些等等。

英语语法把代词分为八类：指示代词、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词、相互代词和关系代词。

一、指示代词英语中用来表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等指示概念的代词称为指示代词。

常见的指示代词有this，that，these，those，such， it等。

指示代词可以作主语、定语、表语、宾语。

比如：That is mine. 那是我们的。

【主语】These books are very interesting. 这些书很有趣。

【定语】It's this, not that. 是这个，而不是那个。

【表语】I like that. 我喜欢那个。

【宾语】二、人称代词人称代词是指人的代词，表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”或“他们”等。

人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。

2.1、主格一般充当主语，比如：I like listening to songs. 我喜欢听歌曲。

2.2、偶尔也可以作表语（主要在it作形式主语的强调句中）It was she that helped us out. 是她帮助我们走出困境的。

解析：这里为啥是she而不是her呢？因为上面这句是强调句，可以还原为：She was the woman who helped us out. 所以用主格she而不是宾格her。

2.3、讲故事时一般把温柔的、可爱的、美丽的动物用she进行拟人化，凶猛的用he或it。

I have a lovely cat. She is my favourite.我有一只可爱的猫。

她是我的宠物。

2.4、当几个不同的人称代词作主语时，常用and或or连接，它们的排列顺序是：单数是 you，he/she and I；复数是we，you and they。

英语代词表格一、人称代词人称代词用于指代人，有主格、宾格和所有格三种形式。

主格用于主语，宾格用于宾语，所有格用于表示所有关系。

1. 主格人称代词：I（我）, you（你/你们）, he（他）, she（她）, it（它）,we（我们）, they（他们/她们/它们）2. 宾格人称代词：me（我）, you（你/你们）, him（他）, her（她）, it（它）, us（我们）, them（他们/她们/它们）3. 所有格人称代词：my（我的）, your（你的/你们的）, his（他的）, her（她的）, its（它的）, our（我们的）, their（他们的/她们的/它们的）二、指示代词指示代词用于指代特定的人或事物，有近指和远指两种形式。

1. 近指指示代词：this（这个）, these（这些）2. 远指指示代词：that（那个）, those（那些）三、疑问代词疑问代词用于构成特殊疑问句，引导疑问词。

1. 谁或哪些人：who（谁）, whom（谁，宾格形式）, whose（谁的，所有格形式）2. 什么或哪些事物：what（什么）, which（哪一个）3. 多少或多少个：how many（多少个）, how much（多少）四、关系代词关系代词用于引导定语从句，连接主句和从句。

1. 人：who（谁），whom（谁，宾格形式），whose（谁的，所有格形式）2. 物：which（哪一个），that（那个）3. 人或物：whoever（无论谁），whomever（无论谁，宾格形式），whichever（无论哪一个），that（那个）五、不定代词不定代词用于指代不确定的人或事物。

1. 某些或某些人：some（一些），any（任何一个），anyone（任何人），everyone （每个人），someone（某人）2. 没有或没有人：no（没有），none（没有人/没有任何事物），nobody（没有人），nothing（没有任何事物）3. 所有或每一个人：all（所有），every（每一个），everyone（每个人），everything（每一件事物）4. 某一个或某一个人：one（一个），ones（一些），each（每一个），either（两者中的任何一个），neither（两者都不）5. 另一个或另一个：other（另一个），others（其他的），another（另一个），the other（另一个），the others（其他的）六、反身代词反身代词用于表示动作的承受者与执行者一致。

专题三不可忽视的小词——代词、冠词和介词(短语)第一讲代词[思维导图]一、人称代词、物主代词与反身代词类别功能第一人称第二人称第三人称主格作主语I we you you he she it They 宾格作宾语me us you you him her it them 形容词性物主代词作宾语my our your your his her its their名词性物主代词作主语、表语或宾语mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs反身代词作宾语、表语或同位语my－selfour－selfyour－selfyour－selveshim－selfher－selfit－selfthem－selves[名师指津] 含有反身代词的习惯用语help oneself to随便吃，随便用hide oneself 把自己藏起来make yourself at home 别客气，不拘束say to oneself 心里想seat oneself 坐下teach oneself 自学come to oneself 苏醒behave oneself 表现得体，有礼貌apply oneself to 致力于……by oneself 独自地of oneself 自动地二、it的用法1．指天气、时间、距离、环境等It is early spring，but it is already hot.现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。

It is twenty miles from here to the village.从这里到那个村庄有20英里路。

2．代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词Although he didn’t like it，I decided to see the movie anyway.尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看。

3．指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁) What will you call it if it is a boy?要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？4．用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：①It＋be＋adj./n.＋for/of sb＋不定式②It is no good/use/useless doing sth③It’s well worth doing...④It＋be＋名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder...)/adj.＋that从句⑤It＋特殊动词(seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb...)＋that从句⑥It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句⑦It takes sb some time/some money to do sthIt is the teachers’ duty to teach the students.教学生是老师的职责。

怎么记忆代词知识点总结一、代词的分类1. 人称代词人称代词用来代替人或事物。

根据在句子中所代表的人或事物的不同，人称代词分为主格人称代词、宾格人称代词、所有格人称代词和反身代词。

主格人称代词用作主语，宾格人称代词用作宾语，所有格人称代词表示所有关系，反身代词则表示动作的反身或相互动作。

主格人称代词：I, you, he, she, it, we, they宾格人称代词：me, you, him, her, it, us, them所有格人称代词：my/mine, your/yours, his, her/hers, its, our/ours, their/theirs反身代词：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves2. 物主代词物主代词用来表示所属关系，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。

形容词性物主代词用在名词前面修饰名词，名词性物主代词则直接代替名词。

形容词性物主代词：my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性物主代词：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3. 指示代词指示代词用来指示代表人或事物的词，分为近指示代词和远指示代词。

近指示代词用来指示离说话人较近的人或事物，远指示代词则用来指示远离说话人的人或事物。

近指示代词：this, these远指示代词：that, those4. 疑问代词疑问代词用来提问，我们常见的疑问代词有：what, which, who, whose, whom。

5. 不定代词不定代词用来表示不确定的人或事物，比较常见的不定代词有：some, any, no, every, many, much, few, little, all, both, either, neither, one, none等。

知识卡片：代词知识点综述代词是高中阶段重要的语法知识，也是高考必考的知识。

作为静词法，代词的知识结构盘杂，内容繁多，难以总结出一套一以贯之的解题思路。

本知识卡片，旨在总结出代词最重要的考点，以供学习和复习之用。

静词法共同的复习特点，是要抓住高考重点考察的几组易混知识。

高考的考察是有重点和有次第的，因此在学习过程中，一定要注意对这几组重要知识点的累积、整理和辨析。

代词详解代词，全称为代名词。

也就是代替名词的词。

其本质上仍然归属于名词此类，并随着语言的用途和发展，具备了形容词的功能。

英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。

其中，关系代词的考察，将在从句类考点中出现，故不列入本节讨论的内容。

核心考点01：it, that, one代词it, that, one都可以指代前文出现过的事物。

其中，one表示泛指，相当于“a + 名词单数”。

that和it 表示特指。

that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个；而it 与所指名词为同一个。

例如：I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.（泛指任意一个）我找不到我的帽子了。

我想我该去买一顶。

The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.（同类但不是同一个）你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。

I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.（同一个东西）我找不到我的帽子。

我不知道我把它放在哪了。

在此还需特别注意it的一个特殊功能。

It在句子中，除了有特指“同类同一事物”的功能，还有一个其他所有代词所不具有的功能——指代某一个语法成分（通常是主语和宾语）。

譬如在以下句子中，it成为形式主语和形式宾语，而真正的主语和宾语后置。

代词2024人称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词1）作主语（用主格）We all like maths very much. 我们都很喜欢数学。

2）作宾语（用宾格）Would you mind giving her a hand? 你能帮帮她吗？I’m very pleased with it. 我对它很满意。

3）作表语（用宾格）Open the door, please. It’s me. 请打开门，是我。

1）形容词性物主代词用法相当于形容词，只能置于名词前作定语.my book. 我的书 her bike. 她的自行车【注意】形容词性物主代词后+own 表示强调.I'd like to a computer of my own.2）名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词+名词.句法功能与名词相同.可以在句子中作主语、表语和宾语，如: A student of his has gone to America.其中his= his students 他的一个学生去美国了。

1)反身代词与所指代的名词或代词在人称、性别和数上保持一致2)作及物动词或介词的宾语.He knows exactly how to make himself look cool.She cooked the whole meal by herself.3)作主语或宾语的同位语.Y ou'd better go and see him yourself.Y ou have to ask the teacher herself about it.4)固定用法：by ＋oneself 某人独自 for oneself 亲自，独立地 help oneself to… 随便吃… enjoy oneself 玩得开心1.近指.this , these （复数）用来指时间或者空间上较近的事物。

2.远指.that ,those （复数）用来指时间或者空间上较远的事物并列人称代词的排序1.单数形式：Y ou, he/she and I2.复数形式：We, you and they3.男女并列：he ，she4.如果承担错误和责任，通常把第一人称放最前面。

第二章代词思维导图一、代词的定义代词是用来代替名词或名词词组的,它的主要作用是在句子中避免名词的重复.因此,代词的使用必须和它所代替的名词在人称、数、性、格上一致.二、代词的分类在初中英语中常见的代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词和不定代词等.(一)人称代词1.人称代词的分类人称代词是指人的代词,表示“我”“你”“他”“她”“它”“我们”“你们”或“他们”等.人称代词有人称、数和格的变化.单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称I我me我we我们us我们第二人称you你you你you你们you你们第三人称he他him他they他们them他们she她her她they她们them她们it它it它they它们them它们(1)主格人称代词在句中作主语.She is as intelligent as he(is).她像他一样聪明.(2)宾格人称代词在句中作动词宾语或介词宾语.We often go to see her on Saturdays.我们常在星期六去看她.It is a waste of time your talking to him.跟他谈话是白白浪费时间.(3)人称代词作表语时一般用宾格,但在比较正式的场合用主格. -Who is it?谁呀?-It's me.是我.(非正式)-It is I.是我.(正式)(4)人称代词用于as和than之后,如果as和than用作介词,往往用宾格;如果as和than用作连词,则往往用主格.She reads faster than he.她读得比他快些.I am a good student as him.我和他一样是个好学生.(5)we, you, they有时可用来泛指一般人.We/You should keep calm even when we/you are in danger.即使在危急时刻也要保持冷静.They say there is going to be trouble.人们说要有麻烦了.点拨有时在叙述故事时常把动物人格化,可爱、美丽的动物用she来表示,凶猛的动物用he或it表示.表示船只、祖国、大地、月亮等时常用代词she.如:I have a lovely cat. She is my favourite.我有一只可爱的猫.她是我的宠物.China is my motherland. She is getting more and more powerful.我们的祖国是中国.她正变得越来越强大.The moon usually shines brightly on the night of the Mid-autumn Day. She looks like a round silvery plate.通常中秋节之夜月光明亮.她看上去酷似一个银色的圆盘.①用来指代上文提到过的事物.-What do you think of the movie?你觉得这部电影怎么样?-Great! I like it very much.棒极了！我非常喜欢它.②用来指代时间、地点、距离、天气、温度等.It's eight o'clock now.(指时间)现在是8点钟.③用来指代婴儿或不明确的人.The baby is crying. It might be hungry.宝宝在哭,它可能饿了.④作形式主语或形式宾语Did you find it very interesting to play football?你有没有发现踢足球很有趣?3.人称代词的排列顺序几个人称代词同时作主语时,排列次序一般为:you and I; you and he(she); you, she(he) and I; we and you; we and they; we, you and they.You, he and I should help each other.我、你、他应该互相帮助.She and I are of the same age.我和她同岁.但在承认错误时,I放在其他人前面表示勇于承认错误.I and my brother made the mistake.我和兄弟犯了这个错误.(二)物主代词1.物主代词的分类表示所有关系的代词称为物主代词,物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种.形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数第一人称my mine 第二人称your yours第三人称his his her hers its its复数第一人称our ours 第二人称your yours 第三人称their theirs(1)形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特征,在句中用作定语,后面接名词.Our school is not far from here.我们学校离这儿不远.(2)英语中表示身体所有的或随身携带的物主代词一般不可省略,而汉语中有时可以省略.He put on his hat and left.他戴上帽子就走了.(3)形容词性物主代词与own连用时表示强调.I saw it with my own eyes.那是我亲眼看见的.(4)下面结构中,必须要用定冠词the代替形容词性物主代词(不可用物主代词).touch sb. on the head 摸某人的头hit sb. on the head 打某人的头hit sb. on the nose打某人的鼻子strike/hit sb. in the face/chest 打某人的脸／胸部take/catch/pull/sb. by the head/arm抓住某人的头／手3.名词性物主代词的用法名词性物主代词具有名词的特征,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语.它还可以构成“a/an/this/that/some/no+名词＋of+名词性物主代词”句型,在这个句型中,名词性物主代词在句中作定语.(1)作主语.Ours is the best team in the league.我们的队在联赛中是最强的队.Our room is on the first floor and yours(theirs) is on the second.我们的房间在一楼,你们的(他们的)在二楼.(2)作表语.The books over there are not mine. They are hers.那边的书不是我的,是她的.Whose jacket is this? It's hers.这是谁的上衣?这是她的.(3)作宾语.You may have my pen, I'll have his.你可以用我的钢笔,我用他的.I have lost my dictionary. Please lend me yours.我的字典丢了,请把你的借给我.(4)名词性物主代词与of连用可做定语.That son of hers is very naughty.她的那个儿子很淘气.This painting of his is well painted.他的这幅画画得很好.(三)指示代词英语中用来表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等指示概念的代词称为指示代词.常见的指示代词有this, that, these, those, such, same等.1.this,that,these,those的用法;在句中可作主语、宾语、定语或表语(1)作主语.This is my doll. That is Mary's.这是我的洋娃娃,那是玛丽的.Those are his books.那些是他的书.(2)作宾语.Do you like these?你喜欢这些吗?We should always keep this in mind.我们应当永远记住这一点.(3)作定语.I want this radio.我要这台收音机.We are busy these days,这些日子我们很忙.This magazine is about Chinese poetry.这本杂志是关于中国诗歌的.(4)作表语.Oh, it's not that.噢,不是那样的.What I want is this(that).我要的是这个(那个).2.this(these)和that(those)的用法区别(1)this(的复数形式是these),是指时间上或空间上离说话人较近的人或物. that(复数形式是those),是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较远的人或物.This is Mr. Smith and that is Mr. Black.这位是史密斯先生,那位是布莱克先生.These are jeeps. Those are trucks.这些是吉普车,那些是卡车.(2)that/those有时用来代替前面说过的名词,以避免重复.The weather in Shanghai is not so cold as that(=the weather) in Beijing.上海的天气没有北京那么冷.City people stand closer than those who live in the country.城里人比那些住在乡村的人彼此站得更靠近.(3)that/those指前面讲过的事物,this/these指下面要讲的事物.I had a bad cold. That's why I didn't come.我得了重感冒,所以没来.This is the latest news from the United States.下面是来自美国的最新消息.3.such的用法指示代词such表示“如此的,如此的事物”,具有名词和形容词的性质,在句子中可用作主语、定语、表语、宾语等.(1)作主语.Such is life.生活就是这样.Such is our study plan.这就是我们的学习计划.Such were his words.这就是他讲的话.(2)作定语.I don't like such a book.我不喜欢这样的书.Such water is quite clean.这样的水很干净.点拨such作定语时,它所修饰的名词之前如有不定冠词,这个不定冠词应放在such之后.如:such a play, such abook(3)作表语.The birds were such as I never saw before.这样的鸟,我从未见过.The problems are such that we can't solve by ourselves.这样的问题,我们自己是解决不了的.(4)作宾语Take from the drawer such as you need.你需要什么,就从抽屉里拿吧.If you act like a child, you will be treated as such.你要是这样孩子气,人家就把你当孩子看待了.4.same的用法same(同样的)也是指示代词,使用时same之前必须用定冠词the.它也具有名词和形容词的性质,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等.(1)作主语.The same can be said of the other article.另一篇文章也是同样情况.The same happened to me.我也发生了同样的情况.(2)作宾语.She went to swim and I did the same.她去游泳,我也去了.Whatever I did, he tried to do the same.无论我做什么,他也想跟着做什么.(3)作表语.His name and mine are the same.他和我同名.Our ideas are exactly the same.我们的想法完全一个样.(4)作定语.The students are doing the same thing.学生们在做同样的事情.(5)作状语.Thank you all the same.我还是要谢谢你.(四)反身代词1.反身代词的分类反身代词是表示动作回到其执行者本身或是强调代词或名词的一组代词.反身代词是由人称代词第一人称和第二人称的形容词性物主代词和第三人称的宾格加“-self”或“-selves”构成.列表如下:单数复数第一人称myself 我自己ourselves 我们自己第二人称yourself你自己yourselves 你们自己第三人称himself他自己herself 她自己itself 它自己themselves他们／她们／它们自己(1)作表语.She will be herself again in no time.她很快就会好的. That poor boy was myself.那可怜的孩子就是我.(2)作宾语.Did they enjoy themselves last Sunday?他们上个星期天玩得高兴吗?Make yourself at home.别客气,就像在家一样.(3)作主语或宾语的同位语.在作同位语时,反身代词多可译为“本人”(或“本身”).但有时为了加强语气,常译为“自己”或“亲自”.起强调作用时,反身代词可以放在被强调词之后,也可以放在句末.Nobody taught him drawing. He learned it himself. 没有人教他绘画,他是自学的.You'd better ask the teacher yourself (himself).你最好亲自问老师.(你最好问老师本人.)Our guide buys some food from the villagers and we cook it ourselves.我们的向导从村民那里买来一些食物,我们自己烹调.3.反身代词的用法(1)反身代词用来加强语气.反身代词用于强调时,经常做主语或者宾语的同位语,一般放在所强调的名词或代词后面,如果不影响理解,做同位语的反身代词的位置也可以灵活处理.Peter himself closed the window.(=Peter closed the window himself.)彼得亲自关上了窗户.(2)反身代词用于固定搭配中.in oneself本身,本质上of oneself 独自to oneself供自己用between ourselves 私下说的话(不可告诉别人)for oneself替自己,为自己amuse oneself自娱excuse oneself自我辩解call oneself自称help oneself to 随便吃enjoy oneself过得很快活teach oneself自学speak to oneself自言自语devote oneself to 献身于lose oneself=lose one's way 迷路make oneself understood 让别人懂自己的意思seat oneself=sit down=be seated坐下(五)相互代词1.用来表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词英语中相互代词只有each other和one another两个,意为“相互,互相”.each other主要用于两者之间,one another主要用于三者或三者以上之间.但在现代英语中常可通用.宾格所有格each other 相互each other's相互的one another 相互one another's相互的2.相互代词的用法(1)作动词的宾语.The two girls help each other in their lessons.这两个女孩在功课上互相帮助.They saw each other every day.他们每天相见.(2)作介词的宾语.They looked at each other.他们互相看着.You two should learn from each other.你们两人应互相学习.(3)相互代词的所有格形式只能作定语.They looked into each other's (one another's) eyes for a long time.他们彼此对视了很长时间.They know each other's parents.他们都认识对方的父母.(六)疑问代词1.疑问代词是指用来构成特殊疑问句的代词常见的有who, whom, whose, what, which. who常用作主语和表语,whom作宾语,whose, what, which可用作主语、表语、宾语或定语.疑问代词还可用来引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句,所以它们又可称为连接代词.疑问代词有格的变化,还有指人和指物的区别.主格宾格所有格指人who whom whose指物what whose指人或物which whose(1)who ,whom的用法.who只能指人,常作主语和表语,只有名词性质.在非正式英文和口语中,who可以代替whom,但介词后面要用whom; whom也指人,常用作宾语,也只有名词性质.Who would you like to go with?你想和谁一起去?Who are you looking for?你在找谁?By whom was the house built?这房子是谁建的?Who(Whom)are you waiting for?你在等谁?Who (Whom) did you go to the movie with?你同谁一起去看电影的?(2)whose的用法.whose和物主代词一样,具有名词和形容词的性质,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语.Whose is better?谁的好一些?Whose is this?这是谁的?Whose are you going to borrow?你准备借谁的?Whose room is this?这是谁的房间?(3)what的用法.what表示“什么(人或物)”,可用作单数和复数,具有名词和形容词性质,作主语、宾语、表语和定语等.What is happening now?发生什么事了?What do you usually do on Sundays?你星期天通常做什么?What would you like to buy?你想买点什么东西?What's your father?你父亲是干什么的?What time do you usually get up?你通常几点钟起床?点拨what可用来指人的职业;what可用于感叹句;what与like连用表示“······怎么样”如:What is your sister? She is a doctor.你姐姐是干什么的?她是一名医生.What does your father do? He is an engineer.你父亲是做什么工作的?他是一名工程师.What a fine day today!今天天气真好啊！What a pretty girl she is!她真是个美丽的女孩！What is the weather like today?今天天气如何?(4)which的用法.which表示“在一定范围内的哪一个(哪一些)人或物”,可用作单数和复数,具有名词和形容词的性质,用作主语、定语、宾语等.Which is yours?哪一个是你的?(主语)Which sport do you like best?你最喜欢哪一项运动?(定语)Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?你喜欢哪种,茶还是咖啡?(宾语)点拨(1)who, what, which作表语(指人)时的区别:who问人的身份,多指姓名、关系.what问人的职业.which问在一定范围内的人群中特指的人.(2)what和which作定语时的区别:what指“什么”“哪种”,不限制范围.which指在相当数目中的人或物中进行选择,限制在一定范围内.(3)疑问代词作主语时,后面的谓语动词可以用单数形式,也可以用复数形式,主要看代表的人或物是单数还是复数.(七)不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词(或形容词)的代词叫做不定代词.不定代词有:some一些(可数或不可数) somebody某人someone某人something某物,某事any一些,任何anybody任何人anyone任何人anything任何事物no无nobody无人no one无一人nothing无物all全体,全部both两个neither两者都不none没有人或物either(两者中)任何一个each每个every每个everybody每人,大家,人人everyone每人everything每一个事物,一切other(s)另一个(些) another另外一个,又一个much很多(不可数) many很多(可数) few很少(可数)a few一些,几个(可数) little很少(不可数) a little一些(不可数)one一个(人或物)不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但none和由some, any, no, every和-thing,-body,-one构成的复合不定代词(如somebody等)只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语.1.some的用法(1)some通常指不定数量“一些”,修饰或代替可数名词复数或不可数名词,既可指人,又可指物.常用在肯定句中.There are some animals on the island.这个岛上有一些动物.Give me some water, please.请给我一些水.(2)some也可用在“请求、建议、反问”等含义的疑问句中,以期得到肯定的回答.Didn't he give you some books?难道他没有给你一些书?(3)some有时可修饰可数名词单数,表示“某个”.This morning, some boy asked for you.今天上午,有个男孩要求见你.(4)some也可修饰数词,表示“大约”.It took me some twenty days to get there.我大约花了20天时间才到达那里.2.any的用法(1)不定代词any和some一样表示不定数量“一些”,修饰和代替可数名词复数和不可数名词,既可指人又可指物.但一般用在否定句、疑问句、条件从句中.Do you have any questions? If you have any, don't hesitate to ask me.你有什么问题吗?如果你有问题的话,尽管问我好了.There isn't any tea left. I'll go and make some for you.没有茶了,我去给你泡一些.(2)用于肯定句中,表示“任何一个”,修饰可数名词单数和不可数名词.You can buy this book at any bookstore in our city.你可以在我们市里任何一家书店买到这本书.Any child can answer that question.任何一个小孩都能回答那个问题.3.no的用法(1)不定代词no只有形容词性质,一般作定语来构成否定句,表示“不是”“没有”.She knows no English.(=She doesn't know English at all.)她根本不懂英语.He has no brothers.(=He doesn't have any brothers.)他没有兄弟.(no等于not any)(2)用于警告、命令等.No Parking!禁止停车！(3)修饰表语时,有特殊的意思.试比较:I am no teacher.我不善于教书.I am not a teacher.我不是教师.4.none的用法none只具有名词性质,可以代替人和事物,表示“三者(以上)都不”“没有一个人(一件事物)······”.作主语时,如果谈到的是所有人的情况,动词多用复数形式;如果谈每个人的状况,则多用单数形式.None of us are/is afraid of difficulties.我们谁也不怕困难.None of them has a bike.他们谁也没有自行车.None of the machines is/are working.这些机器都不能工作.We none of us can sing this song.我们中没人能唱这支歌.点拨none和neither的区别:none表示“在三个或三个以上当中,没有人或物······”,而neither指“在两个当中,没有人或物”.如:None of the students has ever read the book.学生中没有谁读过这本书.(不止两个学生)Neither of my parents has ever read the book.我父母亲都没读过这本书.both表示“两者都”,具有名词和形容词的性质,可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语.作主语时谓语动词用复数.Both would like to have a try.两人都想试一试.(作主语)We asked both to put forward their suggestions.我们要两人都提出建议.(作宾语)Give us some bread. We both want to try a bit.给我们一些面包.我们俩都想尝尝.(同位语)Both men were interested in the job.两个人都对这项工作感兴趣.(作定语)点拨(1)both后常跟短语,其后用复数名词或代词,后接复数名词时of常省略,后接复数代词时of则不省略. Both(of)the films were very good.两部电影都很好.点拨(2)相当于名词时,在句中还用作同位语,与复数名词或复数代词同位.在句中的位置取决于谓语动词的形式.作主语同位语时,如谓语为完全动词(包括用作完全动词的have),both位于主语之后、谓语动词之前.We both had a haircut.我俩都理了发.(3)如谓语部分为系表结构,both则位于连系动词之后和表语之前.The children were both too young.这两个孩子都太小了.(4)如谓语是含有助动词或情态动词的动词短语,both则位于助动词或情态动词之后.My parents have both been invited.我父母都受到了邀请.You must both come over some evening.你俩一定要找个晚上过来坐车.(5)作宾语同位语时,位于宾语之后.They told us both to wait.他们告诉我俩都等一等.I've met them both before.我以前见过他俩.6.all的用法(1)当all作主语时,代表三个以上的人,谓语动词用复数形式;指事物或情况时,往往表示“一切”“所有的”的意思,常被看作单数,谓语动词用单数形式.当all作定语时,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词.all具有名词和形容词性质,常表示“全体”“所有的”“一切”的意思;在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语或状语.All are here.大家都到了.(主语,all指人)All is known.一切都明白了.(主语,all指事物,不可数)She has told me all about it.她把一切都告诉我了.(作宾语)Is that all you can help me?这就是你能帮助我做的事吗?(表语)All the apples in that box are rotten.那箱子里所有的苹果都烂了.(定语)They have all gone to America.他们全都到美国去了.(同位语)He is all excited.他非常激动.(作状语,加强语气)(2)当all用作主语时,如果后面跟有人称代词,须在它们之间加上of;如果后面跟的是名词,它们之间可加of,也可不加.All of them are from Beijing.他们全都是北京人.(them为人称代词,of不能省略)All(of)the books are here.所有的书都在这儿.(books为名词,of可省略)(3)当all作同位语时,它在句中的位置随谓语动词而定.当谓语动词是实义动词时,all放在动词前面;谓语动词是be时,all放在be后面;谓语动词是由情态动词或助动词加实义动词组成时,all放在它们之间.They all know the answer.他们都知道这答案.They are all students.他们都是学生.You can all go home.你们都可以回家了.(4)当all用作人称代词宾语的同位语时,all放在宾语后面.如:you all, them all, us all.I'll have to think them all again.我得将它们重新考虑一次.7.each的用法each具有名词和形容词性质,指每个人或事物的个别情况,相当于汉语的“各个”.在句中可用作主语、定语、宾语和同位语.Each of the boys has a bike.每个男孩都有一辆自行车.(作主语,强调个体,每一个).There are flowers on each side of the river.河两岸都是花.(作定语)Two men came and I gave a book to each.两个人来了,我给他们每人一本书.(作宾语)The teacher gave the pupils four textbooks each.教师给每个学生四本教科书.(作同位语)We each have a new schoolbag now.现在我们每人都有一个新书包.(作同位语)好题精练一、用所给的汉语提示填空1.We want__________ (他们)to help us.2.This is__________ (我的)book. That is__________ (你的).3.This doesn't look like__________ (我的)dictionary, it must be__________ (你的).4. __________ (他)often helps__________ (我们)with__________ (我们的)lessons.5.Is this book__________ (你的)?No, it's not__________ (我的).It's__________ (她的).6.I'll work out the problem__________ (我自己)．7.Who are__________ (他们)? __________ (他们)are__________ (我们的)new classmates.8. __________ (她)is very honest. __________ (我们)may depend on__________ (她)9.These books are very important to__________ (我)．10. __________ (我父亲)goes to work by bus every day.答案：1.them2.my,yours3.my,yours4.He,us,our5.yours,mine,hers6.myself7.they,They,our8.She,We,her9.me 10.My father二、选择括号中适当的词填空1. __________ of them knows Japanese.(Neither, Both)2.We study Chinese, English, maths and__________ subjects.(the others, other)3.Don't hurry. There is__________ time left.(little, a little)4.“Is there__________ wrong with your bike?"“Yes, there is__________ wrong with it."(something, anything)5.I don't like this one. Please give me__________.(another, other)6.(He, His, Her)name is Jack. __________ (She, He, His) is a cook.7.He's invited to__________ parties.(a lot of, lots)8.This box is heavier than that__________.(one, ones)9.We must get__________ ready before setting off.(everything, anything)10. __________ of us is afraid of difficulties.(None, All)11.Do you mind if I ask you__________ questions?(few, a few)12.There are many trees on__________ sides of the street in Beijing.(all, both)13.Would you like__________ tea or coffee?(some, any)14.Did they spend__________ money on their trip to Hangzhou?(many, much)15.There's__________ wrong with you, but I'm afraid you're eating too(anything, nothing; many, much)16.Please show__________ (me, I, mine) the way.17.Which of__________ shirts are Tom's?(these, this, that)18.Did__________ ask for me when I was out?(somebody, anybody)19.She's very popular. __________ likes her.(Someone, Everyone)20.“It's going to snow,” the old woman said to__________.(her, herself, hers)答案：1.Neither2.other3.a little4.anything, something5.another6.His,He7.a lot of8.one9.everything 10.None11.a few 12.both 13.some 14.much 15.nothing,much16.me 17.these 18.anybody 19.Everyone 20.herself三、选择填空1. __________ is no use telling him about it.A. TheseB. ThoseC. ItD. They2.We have__________ work to do.A. manyB. a fewC. a lot of D .any3.-How about these two films?-__________ of them are very interesting.A. NeitherB. EitherC. AllD. Both4.The sentence__________ is wrong.A. himselfB. herselfC. itselfD. it5.Is there__________ in today's newspaper?A. anything interestingB. interesting anythingC. something interestingD. interesting something6. __________ like music.A. Both of chem.B. Both of theyC. The both girlsD. Both them7.-What would you like to have, tea or milk?-__________.I'd like to have a glass of water.A. EachB. NeitherC. EitherD. Both8.Mary has made__________ Chinese friends since she came to Beijing.A. a fewB. a littleC. a lotD. lots9. __________ do you like best, bread, rice or noodles?A. WhatB. WhichC. WhoD. Whom10." __________ came to see you yesterday afternoon.”“Who was__________?”A. Somebody; heB. Somebody; sheC. Somebody; itD. Anybody; the one11.I asked her for__________ ink, but she did not have__________.A. any; someB. any; anyC. some; anyD. some; some12. __________ of us went to the Summer Palace except Lin Tao.A. SomeB. EitherC. AllD. Every13.of us has read the story.A. SomeB. BothC. AllD. None14.Our teacher asked us to be strict with__________ in English study.A. oursB. ourC. ourselvesD. oneselves15.Everyone should do__________ best.A. itsB. onesC. theirD. his16. __________ work is heavy, but__________ is heavier than__________A. Our; their; ourB. Our; theirs; oursC. Ours; theirs; ourD. Our; their; ours17.Except Mrs. Lee and__________, no one was old in the waiting room.A. hisB. herC.ID. she18. __________ is a close friend of__________ aunt's.A. She; mineB. Her; mineC. She; myD. Hers; my19.None of us saw how it happened, so we had to ask the boy__________ about his good deeds. But he just gave us a smile.A. himB. himselfC. his ownD. his20.He is a good student. But__________ on hand, he is in poor health.A. otherB. the otherC. other'sD. others答案：1-5CCDCA 6-10ABABC 11-15CCDCD 16-20BBCBB。

人教版四年级下册英语代词拆分记忆代词是英语中非常重要的一部分，它可以代替名词，在句子中起到引导作用。

本文将介绍人教版四年级下册英语中的代词拆分记忆方法。

1. 人称代词人称代词用来指代特定的人或事物。

在人教版四年级下册英语中，常用的人称代词有：I（我），you（你），he（他），she （她），it（它），we（我们），they（他们/她们）。

记忆这些人称代词的拆分方法可以帮助学生更好地理解和运用它们。

1.1 单数人称代词- I（我）：记忆方法是将大写字母"I"的下半部分画出来，形状像一个小鱼钩。

- you（你）：记忆方法是将字母"y"的形状想象成一个人，就像在和别人打招呼一样。

- he（他）：记忆方法是将字母"h"和"e"的形状组合起来，形成一个小男孩的形象。

- she（她）：记忆方法是将字母"s"和"e"的形状组合起来，形成一个小女孩的形象。

- it（它）：记忆方法是将字母"i"和"t"的形状组合起来，形成一个小动物的形象。

1.2 复数人称代词- we（我们）：记忆方法是将字母"w"和"e"的形状组合起来，形成一个小团队的形象。

- they（他们/她们）：记忆方法是将字母"t"、"h"、"e"、"y"的形状组合起来，形成一个团体的形象。

2. 物主代词物主代词用来表示所属关系。

在人教版四年级下册英语中，常用的物主代词有：my（我的），your（你的），his（他的），her （她的），its（它的），our（我们的），their（他们的/她们的）。

记忆这些物主代词的拆分方法可以让学生轻松记住它们的用法。

2.1 单数物主代词- my（我的）：记忆方法是将字母"m"和"y"的形状组合起来，形成一个小手的形象。

实用标准文案人称代词格排列顺序主格宾格单数231单数复数单数复数I you he she itweyoutheymeyouhimheritusyouthem动介前后复数123than/as后或作表语主宾均可指看不见时人表示时间/天气/温度/距离/情况作形式主语或形式宾语It is +adj.+for sb.+to do It takes sb. st.to doI find it+adj.+to do 译为“某人/物”代词人称物主不定疑问反身指示相互连接关系起代替作用精彩文档疑问代词 who whose 宾格whomwhat which whoever what color what about whichever what size what kind 构成感叹句“多么”根据句意需要选 物主代词形容词性 名词性 my your his her its our your their mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 胆小派：后必跟名词 独行侠：后不跟名词 双重所有格:of +名代 his/its 双重身份 译为“某人的”精彩文档关系代词who whom which that引导定从先行词是主语人先行词是宾语人先行词是物先行词特殊情况不定代词常规复合“一些”“任一”“都”“都不”“每个”another (the) other(s)“其它的”“许多”“少量”something someone somebody anything anyone anybody nothingno one仅指人注意“数”注意肯否定被视为单数后不接of“敢死队”冲锋在前定语后置nobodysome 肯定句any否疑句either两者任一any三者任一all ≥3both＝2neither＝2none ≥3不接of可接of 加减法加法another确概数确数带themany+复数much+不可数(a)few+复数不加a表否定(a)little+不可不加a表否定every≥3单复数复数带s 关one…the other 联some…otherseach ≥2后可接of精彩文档反身代词构成考点myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselvesthemselves公式 单复数by oneself help oneself to enjoy oneself teach oneselflearn …by oneself译为“某人自己”指示代词构成 这/那个/些考点近处 远处单数this单数that than 后代指同类用于打电话时复数these 复数those单数that 复数those“我”this “你”that精彩文档相互代词构成 译为“互相” 所有格 each other （=2）one another （≥3） each other’s one another’s 连接代词 that 引导宾从if/whether 引导陈述句，可省略 引导一般疑问句特殊疑问词 引导特殊疑问句 有or(not)时只用whether 引导词后用陈述语序 近七年河北中考代词真题再现2006年29.On sides of the street are a lot of colourful flowers.A.eachB.bothC.eitherD.all 2007年28. My aunt has two children. But _____________ of them lives with her. A. each B. neither C. either D. both 41. Do you know the man ___ is sitting behind Nancy? A. what B. which C. who D. whom 2008年22. Look at the photo. The girl beside _ _is Nancy. A. I B.my C. me D.mine 28. I tried several jackets on, but of them looked good.A.both B.either C.none D.neither36. This is the dictionary Mun gave me for my birthday. A.which B.what C.whose D.whom 2009年28. Is there any difference between your idea and___?A.he B.his C.she D.her代词中考点人称/物主不定代词 关系代词2012年27. Don’t worry about me. I’m old enough to think for ________.A. himselfB. herselfC. yourselfD. myself34. Could you record the football game for me? I can watch ________ later.A. itB. oneC. thisD. that精彩文档。

第二章代词思维导图一、代词的定义代词是用来代替名词或名词词组的,它的主要作用是在句子中避免名词的重复.因此,代词的使用必须和它所代替的名词在人称、数、性、格上一致.二、代词的分类在初中英语中常见的代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词和不定代词等.(一)人称代词1.人称代词的分类人称代词是指人的代词,表示“我”“你”“他”“她”“它”“我们”“你们”或“他们”等.人称代词有人称、数和格的变化.2.人称代词的句法功能(1)主格人称代词在句中作主语.She is as intelligent as he(is).她像他一样聪明.(2)宾格人称代词在句中作动词宾语或介词宾语.We often go to see her on Saturdays.我们常在星期六去看她.It is a waste of time your talking to him.跟他谈话是白白浪费时间.(3)人称代词作表语时一般用宾格,但在比较正式的场合用主格.-Who is it?谁呀?-It's me.是我.(非正式)-It is I.是我.(正式)(4)人称代词用于as和than之后,如果as和than用作介词,往往用宾格;如果as和than用作连词,则往往用主格.She reads faster than he.她读得比他快些.I am a good student as him.我和他一样是个好学生.(5)we, you, they有时可用来泛指一般人.We/You should keep calm even when we/you are in danger.即使在危急时刻也要保持冷静.They say there is going to be trouble.人们说要有麻烦了.点拨(6)it的用法.①用来指代上文提到过的事物.-What do you think of the movie?你觉得这部电影怎么样?-Great! I like it very much.棒极了！我非常喜欢它.②用来指代时间、地点、距离、天气、温度等.It's eight o'clock now.(指时间)现在是8点钟.③用来指代婴儿或不明确的人.The baby is crying. It might be hungry.宝宝在哭,它可能饿了.④作形式主语或形式宾语Did you find it very interesting to play football?你有没有发现踢足球很有趣?3.人称代词的排列顺序几个人称代词同时作主语时,排列次序一般为:you and I; you and he(she); you, she(he) and I; we and you; we and they; we, you and they.You, he and I should help each other.我、你、他应该互相帮助.She and I are of the same age.我和她同岁.但在承认错误时,I放在其他人前面表示勇于承认错误.I and my brother made the mistake.我和兄弟犯了这个错误.(二)物主代词1.物主代词的分类表示所有关系的代词称为物主代词,物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种.2.形容词性物主代词的用法(1)形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特征,在句中用作定语,后面接名词.Our school is not far from here.我们学校离这儿不远.(2)英语中表示身体所有的或随身携带的物主代词一般不可省略,而汉语中有时可以省略.He put on his hat and left.他戴上帽子就走了.(3)形容词性物主代词与own连用时表示强调.I saw it with my own eyes.那是我亲眼看见的.(4)下面结构中,必须要用定冠词the代替形容词性物主代词(不可用物主代词).touch sb. on the head 摸某人的头hit sb. on the head 打某人的头hit sb. on the nose打某人的鼻子strike/hit sb. in the face/chest 打某人的脸／胸部take/catch/pull/sb. by the head/arm抓住某人的头／手3.名词性物主代词的用法名词性物主代词具有名词的特征,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语.它还可以构成“a/an/this/that/some/no+名词＋of+名词性物主代词”句型,在这个句型中,名词性物主代词在句中作定语.(1)作主语.Ours is the best team in the league.我们的队在联赛中是最强的队.Our room is on the first floor and yours(theirs) is on the second.我们的房间在一楼,你们的(他们的)在二楼.(2)作表语.The books over there are not mine. They are hers.那边的书不是我的,是她的.Whose jacket is this? It's hers.这是谁的上衣?这是她的.(3)作宾语.You may have my pen, I'll have his.你可以用我的钢笔,我用他的.I have lost my dictionary. Please lend me yours.我的字典丢了,请把你的借给我.(4)名词性物主代词与of连用可做定语.That son of hers is very naughty.她的那个儿子很淘气.This painting of his is well painted.他的这幅画画得很好.(三)指示代词英语中用来表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等指示概念的代词称为指示代词.常见的指示代词有this, that, these, those, such, same等.1.this,that,these,those的用法;在句中可作主语、宾语、定语或表语(1)作主语.This is my doll. That is Mary's.这是我的洋娃娃,那是玛丽的.Those are his books.那些是他的书.(2)作宾语.Do you like these?你喜欢这些吗?We should always keep this in mind.我们应当永远记住这一点.(3)作定语.I want this radio.我要这台收音机.We are busy these days,这些日子我们很忙.This magazine is about Chinese poetry.这本杂志是关于中国诗歌的.(4)作表语.Oh, it's not that.噢,不是那样的.What I want is this(that).我要的是这个(那个).2.this(these)和that(those)的用法区别(1)this(的复数形式是these),是指时间上或空间上离说话人较近的人或物. that(复数形式是those),是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较远的人或物.This is Mr. Smith and that is Mr. Black.这位是史密斯先生,那位是布莱克先生.These are jeeps. Those are trucks.这些是吉普车,那些是卡车.(2)that/those有时用来代替前面说过的名词,以避免重复.The weather in Shanghai is not so cold as that(=the weather) in Beijing.上海的天气没有北京那么冷.City people stand closer than those who live in the country.城里人比那些住在乡村的人彼此站得更靠近.(3)that/those指前面讲过的事物,this/these指下面要讲的事物.I had a bad cold. That's why I didn't come.我得了重感冒,所以没来.This is the latest news from the United States.下面是来自美国的最新消息.3.such的用法指示代词such表示“如此的,如此的事物”,具有名词和形容词的性质,在句子中可用作主语、定语、表语、宾语等.(1)作主语.Such is life.生活就是这样.Such is our study plan.这就是我们的学习计划.Such were his words.这就是他讲的话.(2)作定语.I don't like such a book.我不喜欢这样的书.Such water is quite clean.这样的水很干净.点拨such作定语时,它所修饰的名词之前如有不定冠词,这个不定冠词应放在such之后.如:such a play, such a book(3)作表语.The birds were such as I never saw before.这样的鸟,我从未见过.The problems are such that we can't solve by ourselves.这样的问题,我们自己是解决不了的.(4)作宾语Take from the drawer such as you need.你需要什么,就从抽屉里拿吧.If you act like a child, you will be treated as such.你要是这样孩子气,人家就把你当孩子看待了.4.same的用法same(同样的)也是指示代词,使用时same之前必须用定冠词the.它也具有名词和形容词的性质,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等.(1)作主语.The same can be said of the other article.另一篇文章也是同样情况.The same happened to me.我也发生了同样的情况.(2)作宾语.She went to swim and I did the same.她去游泳,我也去了.Whatever I did, he tried to do the same.无论我做什么,他也想跟着做什么.(3)作表语.His name and mine are the same.他和我同名.Our ideas are exactly the same.我们的想法完全一个样.(4)作定语.The students are doing the same thing.学生们在做同样的事情.(5)作状语.Thank you all the same.我还是要谢谢你.(四)反身代词1.反身代词的分类反身代词是表示动作回到其执行者本身或是强调代词或名词的一组代词.反身代词是由人称代词第一人称和第二人称的形容词性物主代词和第三人称的宾格加“-self”或“-selves”构成.列表如下:2.反身代词的用法(1)作表语.She will be herself again in no time.她很快就会好的.That poor boy was myself.那可怜的孩子就是我.(2)作宾语.Did they enjoy themselves last Sunday?他们上个星期天玩得高兴吗?Make yourself at home.别客气,就像在家一样.(3)作主语或宾语的同位语.在作同位语时,反身代词多可译为“本人”(或“本身”).但有时为了加强语气,常译为“自己”或“亲自”.起强调作用时,反身代词可以放在被强调词之后,也可以放在句末.Nobody taught him drawing. He learned it himself. 没有人教他绘画,他是自学的.You'd better ask the teacher yourself (himself).你最好亲自问老师.(你最好问老师本人.)Our guide buys some food from the villagers and we cook it ourselves.我们的向导从村民那里买来一些食物,我们自己烹调.3.反身代词的用法(1)反身代词用来加强语气.反身代词用于强调时,经常做主语或者宾语的同位语,一般放在所强调的名词或代词后面,如果不影响理解,做同位语的反身代词的位置也可以灵活处理.Peter himself closed the window.(=Peter closed the window himself.)彼得亲自关上了窗户.(2)反身代词用于固定搭配中.in oneself本身,本质上of oneself 独自to oneself供自己用between ourselves 私下说的话(不可告诉别人)for oneself替自己,为自己amuse oneself自娱excuse oneself自我辩解call oneself自称help oneself to 随便吃enjoy oneself过得很快活teach oneself自学speak to oneself自言自语devote oneself to 献身于lose oneself=lose one's way 迷路make oneself understood 让别人懂自己的意思seat oneself=sit down=be seated坐下(五)相互代词1.用来表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词英语中相互代词只有each other和one another两个,意为“相互,互相”.each other主要用于两者之间,one another主要用于三者或三者以上之间.但在现代英语中常可通用.宾格所有格each other 相互each other's相互的one another 相互one another's相互的2.相互代词的用法(1)作动词的宾语.The two girls help each other in their lessons.这两个女孩在功课上互相帮助.They saw each other every day.他们每天相见.(2)作介词的宾语.They looked at each other.他们互相看着.You two should learn from each other.你们两人应互相学习.(3)相互代词的所有格形式只能作定语.They looked into each other's (one another's) eyes for a long time.他们彼此对视了很长时间.They know each other's parents.他们都认识对方的父母.(六)疑问代词1.疑问代词是指用来构成特殊疑问句的代词常见的有who, whom, whose, what, which. who常用作主语和表语,whom作宾语,whose, what, which可用作主语、表语、宾语或定语.疑问代词还可用来引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句,所以它们又可称为连接代词.疑问代词有格的变化,还有指人和指物的区别.2.疑问代词的用法(1)who ,whom的用法.who只能指人,常作主语和表语,只有名词性质.在非正式英文和口语中,who可以代替whom,但介词后面要用whom; whom也指人,常用作宾语,也只有名词性质.Who would you like to go with?你想和谁一起去?Who are you looking for?你在找谁?By whom was the house built?这房子是谁建的?Who(Whom)are you waiting for?你在等谁?Who (Whom) did you go to the movie with?你同谁一起去看电影的?(2)whose的用法.whose和物主代词一样,具有名词和形容词的性质,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语.Whose is better?谁的好一些?Whose is this?这是谁的?Whose are you going to borrow?你准备借谁的?Whose room is this?这是谁的房间?(3)what的用法.what表示“什么(人或物)”,可用作单数和复数,具有名词和形容词性质,作主语、宾语、表语和定语等.What is happening now?发生什么事了?What do you usually do on Sundays?你星期天通常做什么?What would you like to buy?你想买点什么东西?What's your father?你父亲是干什么的?What time do you usually get up?你通常几点钟起床?点拨what可用来指人的职业;what可用于感叹句;what与like连用表示“······怎么样”如:What is your sister? She is a doctor.你姐姐是干什么的?她是一名医生.What does your father do? He is an engineer.你父亲是做什么工作的?他是一名工程师.What a fine day today!今天天气真好啊！What a pretty girl she is!她真是个美丽的女孩！What is the weather like today?今天天气如何?(4)which的用法.which表示“在一定范围内的哪一个(哪一些)人或物”,可用作单数和复数,具有名词和形容词的性质,用作主语、定语、宾语等.Which is yours?哪一个是你的?(主语)Which sport do you like best?你最喜欢哪一项运动?(定语)Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?你喜欢哪种,茶还是咖啡?(宾语)点拨(1)who, what, which作表语(指人)时的区别:who问人的身份,多指姓名、关系.what问人的职业.which问在一定范围内的人群中特指的人.(2)what和which作定语时的区别:what指“什么”“哪种”,不限制范围.which指在相当数目中的人或物中进行选择,限制在一定范围内.(3)疑问代词作主语时,后面的谓语动词可以用单数形式,也可以用复数形式,主要看代表的人或物是单数还是复数.(七)不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词(或形容词)的代词叫做不定代词.不定代词有:some一些(可数或不可数) somebody某人someone某人something某物,某事any一些,任何anybody任何人anyone任何人anything任何事物no无nobody无人no one无一人nothing无物all全体,全部both两个neither两者都不none没有人或物either(两者中)任何一个each每个every每个everybody每人,大家,人人everyone每人everything每一个事物,一切other(s)另一个(些) another另外一个,又一个much很多(不可数) many很多(可数) few很少(可数)a few一些,几个(可数) little很少(不可数) a little一些(不可数)one一个(人或物)不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但none和由some, any, no, every 和-thing,-body,-one构成的复合不定代词(如somebody等)只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语.1.some的用法(1)some通常指不定数量“一些”,修饰或代替可数名词复数或不可数名词,既可指人,又可指物.常用在肯定句中.There are some animals on the island.这个岛上有一些动物.Give me some water, please.请给我一些水.(2)some也可用在“请求、建议、反问”等含义的疑问句中,以期得到肯定的回答.Didn't he give you some books?难道他没有给你一些书?(3)some有时可修饰可数名词单数,表示“某个”.This morning, some boy asked for you.今天上午,有个男孩要求见你.(4)some也可修饰数词,表示“大约”.It took me some twenty days to get there.我大约花了20天时间才到达那里.2.any的用法(1)不定代词any和some一样表示不定数量“一些”,修饰和代替可数名词复数和不可数名词,既可指人又可指物.但一般用在否定句、疑问句、条件从句中.Do you have any questions? If you have any, don't hesitate to ask me.你有什么问题吗?如果你有问题的话,尽管问我好了.There isn't any tea left. I'll go and make some for you.没有茶了,我去给你泡一些.(2)用于肯定句中,表示“任何一个”,修饰可数名词单数和不可数名词.You can buy this book at any bookstore in our city.你可以在我们市里任何一家书店买到这本书.Any child can answer that question.任何一个小孩都能回答那个问题.3.no的用法(1)不定代词no只有形容词性质,一般作定语来构成否定句,表示“不是”“没有”.She knows no English.(=She doesn't know English at all.)她根本不懂英语.He has no brothers.(=He doesn't have any brothers.)他没有兄弟.(no等于not any)(2)用于警告、命令等.No Parking!禁止停车！(3)修饰表语时,有特殊的意思.试比较:I am no teacher.我不善于教书.I am not a teacher.我不是教师.4.none的用法none只具有名词性质,可以代替人和事物,表示“三者(以上)都不”“没有一个人(一件事物)······”.作主语时,如果谈到的是所有人的情况,动词多用复数形式;如果谈每个人的状况,则多用单数形式.None of us are/is afraid of difficulties.我们谁也不怕困难.None of them has a bike.他们谁也没有自行车.None of the machines is/are working.这些机器都不能工作.We none of us can sing this song.我们中没人能唱这支歌.点拨5.both的用法both表示“两者都”,具有名词和形容词的性质,可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语.作主语时谓语动词用复数.Both would like to have a try.两人都想试一试.(作主语)We asked both to put forward their suggestions.我们要两人都提出建议.(作宾语)Give us some bread. We both want to try a bit.给我们一些面包.我们俩都想尝尝.(同位语)Both men were interested in the job.两个人都对这项工作感兴趣.(作定语)点拨(1)both后常跟短语,其后用复数名词或代词,后接复数名词时of常省略,后接复数代词时of则不省略. Both(of)the films were very good.两部电影都很好.点拨(2)相当于名词时,在句中还用作同位语,与复数名词或复数代词同位.在句中的位置取决于谓语动词的形式.作主语同位语时,如谓语为完全动词(包括用作完全动词的have),both位于主语之后、谓语动词之前.We both had a haircut.我俩都理了发.(3)如谓语部分为系表结构,both则位于连系动词之后和表语之前.The children were both too young.这两个孩子都太小了.(4)如谓语是含有助动词或情态动词的动词短语,both则位于助动词或情态动词之后.My parents have both been invited.我父母都受到了邀请.You must both come over some evening.你俩一定要找个晚上过来坐车.(5)作宾语同位语时,位于宾语之后.They told us both to wait.他们告诉我俩都等一等.I've met them both before.我以前见过他俩.6.all的用法(1)当all作主语时,代表三个以上的人,谓语动词用复数形式;指事物或情况时,往往表示“一切”“所有的”的意思,常被看作单数,谓语动词用单数形式.当all作定语时,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词.all具有名词和形容词性质,常表示“全体”“所有的”“一切”的意思;在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语或状语.All are here.大家都到了.(主语,all指人)All is known.一切都明白了.(主语,all指事物,不可数)She has told me all about it.她把一切都告诉我了.(作宾语)Is that all you can help me?这就是你能帮助我做的事吗?(表语)All the apples in that box are rotten.那箱子里所有的苹果都烂了.(定语)They have all gone to America.他们全都到美国去了.(同位语)He is all excited.他非常激动.(作状语,加强语气)(2)当all用作主语时,如果后面跟有人称代词,须在它们之间加上of;如果后面跟的是名词,它们之间可加of,也可不加.All of them are from Beijing.他们全都是北京人.(them为人称代词,of不能省略)All(of)the books are here.所有的书都在这儿.(books为名词,of可省略)(3)当all作同位语时,它在句中的位置随谓语动词而定.当谓语动词是实义动词时,all放在动词前面;谓语动词是be时,all放在be后面;谓语动词是由情态动词或助动词加实义动词组成时,all放在它们之间.They all know the answer.他们都知道这答案.They are all students.他们都是学生.You can all go home.你们都可以回家了.(4)当all用作人称代词宾语的同位语时,all放在宾语后面.如:you all, them all, us all.I'll have to think them all again.我得将它们重新考虑一次.7.each的用法each具有名词和形容词性质,指每个人或事物的个别情况,相当于汉语的“各个”.在句中可用作主语、定语、宾语和同位语.Each of the boys has a bike.每个男孩都有一辆自行车.(作主语,强调个体,每一个).There are flowers on each side of the river.河两岸都是花.(作定语)Two men came and I gave a book to each.两个人来了,我给他们每人一本书.(作宾语) The teacher gave the pupils four textbooks each.教师给每个学生四本教科书.(作同位语) We each have a new schoolbag now.现在我们每人都有一个新书包.(作同位语)好题精练一、用所给的汉语提示填空1.We want__________ (他们)to help us.2.This is__________ (我的)book. That is__________ (你的).3.This doesn't look like__________ (我的)dictionary, it must be__________ (你的).4. __________ (他)often helps__________ (我们)with__________ (我们的)lessons.5.Is this book__________ (你的)?No, it's not__________ (我的).It's__________ (她的).6.I'll work out the problem__________ (我自己)．7.Who are__________ (他们)? __________ (他们)are__________ (我们的)new classmates.8. __________ (她)is very honest. __________ (我们)may depend on__________ (她)9.These books are very important to__________ (我)．10. __________ (我父亲)goes to work by bus every day.答案：1.them2.my,yours3.my,yours4.He,us,our5.yours,mine,hers6.myself7.they,They,our8.She,We,her9.me 10.My father二、选择括号中适当的词填空1. __________ of them knows Japanese.(Neither, Both)2.We study Chinese, English, maths and__________ subjects.(the others, other)3.Don't hurry. There is__________ time left.(little, a little)4.“Is there__________ wrong with your bike?"“Yes, there is__________ wrong with it."(something, anything)5.I don't like this one. Please give me__________.(another, other)6.(He, His, Her)name is Jack. __________ (She, He, His) is a cook.7.He's invited to__________ parties.(a lot of, lots)8.This box is heavier than that__________.(one, ones)9.We must get__________ ready before setting off.(everything, anything)10. __________ of us is afraid of difficulties.(None, All)11.Do you mind if I ask you__________ questions?(few, a few)12.There are many trees on__________ sides of the street in Beijing.(all, both)13.Would you like__________ tea or coffee?(some, any)14.Did they spend__________ money on their trip to Hangzhou?(many, much)15.There's__________ wrong with you, but I'm afraid you're eating too(anything, nothing; many, much)16.Please show__________ (me, I, mine) the way.17.Which of__________ shirts are Tom's?(these, this, that)18.Did__________ ask for me when I was out?(somebody, anybody)19.She's very popular. __________ likes her.(Someone, Everyone)20.“It's going to snow,” the old woman said to__________.(her, herself, hers)答案：1.Neither2.other3.a little4.anything, something5.another6.His,He7.a lot of8.one9.everything 10.None11.a few 12.both 13.some 14.much 15.nothing,much16.me 17.these 18.anybody 19.Everyone 20.herself三、选择填空1. __________ is no use telling him about it.A. TheseB. ThoseC. ItD. They2.We have__________ work to do.A. manyB. a fewC. a lot of D .any3.-How about these two films?-__________ of them are very interesting.A. NeitherB. EitherC. AllD. Both4.The sentence__________ is wrong.A. himselfB. herselfC. itselfD. it5.Is there__________ in today's newspaper?A. anything interestingB. interesting anythingC. something interestingD. interesting something6. __________ like music.A. Both of chem.B. Both of theyC. The both girlsD. Both them7.-What would you like to have, tea or milk?-__________.I'd like to have a glass of water.A. EachB. NeitherC. EitherD. Both8.Mary has made__________ Chinese friends since she came to Beijing.A. a fewB. a littleC. a lotD. lots9. __________ do you like best, bread, rice or noodles?A. WhatB. WhichC. WhoD. Whom10." __________ came to see you yesterday afternoon.”“Who was__________?”A. Somebody; heB. Somebody; sheC. Somebody; itD. Anybody; the one11.I asked her for__________ ink, but she did not have__________.A. any; someB. any; anyC. some; anyD. some; some12. __________ of us went to the Summer Palace except Lin Tao.A. SomeB. EitherC. AllD. Every13.of us has read the story.A. SomeB. BothC. AllD. None14.Our teacher asked us to be strict with__________ in English study.A. oursB. ourC. ourselvesD. oneselves15.Everyone should do__________ best.A. itsB. onesC. theirD. his16. __________ work is heavy, but__________ is heavier than__________A. Our; their; ourB. Our; theirs; oursC. Ours; theirs; ourD. Our; their; ours17.Except Mrs. Lee and__________, no one was old in the waiting room.A. hisB. herC.ID. she18. __________ is a close friend of__________ aunt's.A. She; mineB. Her; mineC. She; myD. Hers; my19.None of us saw how it happened, so we had to ask the boy__________ about his good deeds. But he just gave usa smile.A. himB. himselfC. his ownD. his20.He is a good student. But__________ on hand, he is in poor health.A. otherB. the otherC. other'sD. others 答案：1-5CCDCA 6-10ABABC 11-15CCDCD 16-20BBCBB。

小学生学英语最怕的应该就是记单词，记了忘，忘了记，反反复复，让孩子心生厌烦。

但不背单词又不行，单词记不住，一切都白搭，懂得再多语法、词法都没用。

其实记单词也是有方法的，要把那些零散分布的单词串联在一起，找到它们之间内在的联系，这样记忆起来就比较简单了。

一般可以采用两种记忆方式：归类记忆法和词根记忆法。

当然这两种方法可以混合使用。

归类记忆法：就是把同类型的单词都放到一起记忆，比如月份、星期、蔬菜、水果、动物、植物、学校等等。

同时还可以带上一些常用的短语以及句型。

看下这几个思维导图：这个思维导图就把有关动物的单词都放到一起，当然可能还有很多，可以让孩子自己补充下。

同时还把小学里面学过的常用句型也放进去了，这样就可以一举两得。

这是有关学校的单词汇总导图，也可以加上一些学校常用的问候句型，比如“How are you？”等。

这种类型会有很多，孩子要用心把这些单词分类整理好，开始阶段肯定会比较繁琐，要让孩子有耐心来完成这个前期工作，当导图画好以后，以后学习、复习就简单多了，把这些导图贴在墙上或者装订到一个文件夹里，没事的时候就可以看一下。

词根记忆法：就用把具有相同词根的单词放到一起，有些单词不单是有同样的词根，它们的意思还能有一定的关联。

看下下面几张导图。

孩子在画思维导图过程中，也会发现这两种方法其实是可以混合起来使用的，也会让记忆的效率更高。

当然还可以对画出的导图进行延伸，比如“OO”词根发散出good，就可以继续发散出它的反义词bad，这个就可以让孩子自由发挥了。

无论学习那个学科，都是有方法和技巧，用对方法就才会事半功倍。

思维导图是一个可以提高孩子思维力、提升学习效率、提高学习成绩的思维工具。

让孩子系统学习下思维导图，是非常有必要的。

代词知识框架1.人称代词作主语时用格，作宾语时用格They all like (he) very much.(her)gave the books to you and (I).2. (you, I, she ) all enjoy the music.(you, we, they ) all enjoy the music.3.We love our motherland, we hope (her )willl be stronger and bigger.4.The ship is leaving. (her)is on her first trip to Boston.5.What’s the weather like today?–is windy. (that, it )is about five minutes’ walk from home to school. (that, it )6. —who is the person over there?—is the headteacher. (it, that)7. is hard to reach the apples. (it, that)is good for you taking a walk after supper. (it, that)8. --- Who is knocking at the door?--- I don’t know . I was lying in the bed and just ask who ____ was.A. heB. sheC. it9.. I can’t find my hat . I don’t know where I put ____.A. oneB. itC. that10. I can’t find my hat . I think I must buy__.A. itB. oneC. that11.It is hard (for, of ) me to do this work.12.It’s very kind (for, of ) you to help me.1.轮到某人做…It’s one’s turnIt’s your turn (clean) the room.2. 是（某人）做某事的时候了It’s time (for sb.)It’s time for you (do) the homework.3.据说…It’s said that …It’s said that your teacher (leave) our school.4. 某人花费时间做某事It takes sb. some timeIt took me 2 hours (have) English classes.5. 自从…以来，已经有…（时间）了。

代词人称代词物主代词指示代词不定代词疑问代词反身代词人称代词的用法i t 作代词的常见用法1）作主语2）作动词或介词的宾语3）作表语 She often chats with her E-friends on theI nternet on Sundays.W e should keep our city clean. 几个人称代词作并列主语时，I 总是放在最后，把第二三人称放在前面，表示礼貌和谦虚。

Y ou,she and I are going to have a picnic thisS atursay.P lease show me how to do it.T hese presents are for him.H i,it's me! 用法口诀人称代词分两格，主格宾格分开说；主格要把主语作，宾格可把宾表作；主格放在动词前，宾格位于动介后。

1）it 表示前面已经提到的某物后面再次提到M y dog's name is Heihei.It has black hair.T his car is beautiful.It is Mr Brown's.2）在不知道性别的情况下，我们可用it 来指人W ho is it ？It is me ，Jack.T here is a baby in the room.It is crying.1. 形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特征，后面紧跟名词，前后不能用定冠词the 。

H er mother is a doctor.I s that your jacket? 2. 名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，具有名词的特征，后面不能直接名词。

M y coat is yellow,and his is black.（主语）（his=his coat ）T hat is my bag,and this is yours.（表语）（yours=your bag ） That hamburger is for your sister.This is one for mine.（宾语）（m ine=my sister ）1. 指示代词可起到名词的作用，作主语、宾语或表语T hose are books.（主语）H e has three daughters. He likes this best.（宾语）（this 指代女儿）Y our friend is over there. Mine is this.（表语）2. 指示代词也可起到形容词的作用，作定语T his Walkman is new. (The Walkman is new.)T hese trousers are very nice.(The trousers are very nice.) 1. many 和m uch 的用法1）表示“许多”m anym uch作定语后跟可数名词复数 作主语，表示许多事物是可数的，谓语动词用复数形式作定语后跟不可数名词 作主语，表示许多事物不可数，谓语动词用单三形式T here are many students in the room.T here isn't much juice in the bottle. My friends will come to the party.Many oft hem are good at dancing. The pond is full of rain.Much is running intot he river. 2）与how 构成疑问词，对名词的数量进行提问h ow many 后接可数名词复数h ow much 后接不可数名词h ow much 还可对物品的价格提问H ow many toys do you have?H ow much milk is there in the fridge?H ow much are the shoes?2. no 的用法 表示“没有，全无”，相当于not any 或not a/a n ，作代词式时不能单独使用，后面接名词T here is no rice in the bowl.=There is not any rice in the bowl.T here is no apple in the bag.=There is not an apple in the bag.I have no daughter.=I do not have a daughter.3. some 和any 的用法 均表示“一些”，可修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词s ome 常用语肯定句中 any 常用语疑问句和否定句中S ome students are playing games in the playground.T here isn't any water in the glass. some 用于表示请求的疑问句，表示希望得到对方的肯定回答C an I have some writing paper,Mum? 4. something,anything和nothing 用法 1）something 常用语肯定句，There's something on the desk.但在表示请求，建议或希望得到对方肯定回答的一般疑问句中用s omething ，如：Would you like something to drink?2) anything 常用语否定句he 疑问句中，Is there anything in your schoolbag? 3）nothing 相当于not anything ，There's nothing interesting in today's newpaper.=T here's not anything interesting in today's newspaper.5. both 和all 的用法均表示“全部都”b oth 指两个人或两个事物，如：Her parents are both going to Amy's birthday party.a ll 指三个或三个以上的人或事物，如：Qiangqiang,Liutao and Mike are all good students. 用法口诀形容词性物主代词能力差，自己不能来当家，句子中作定语，后面要把名词加；名词性物主代词能力强，自己独来又独往，句中主语、宾语、表语当。