独立主格和with复合结构详细讲练

独立主格结构用法归纳The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home.Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tom orrow.An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given t omorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were c rossed under his head).A hunter came in, his face red with cold (=and his face was red with cold).We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。

英语独立主格结构常见类型独立主格类型1：名词（代词）+现在分词The question settled, we went home.问题解决之后，我们就回家了。

We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting.明天假设天气好，我们就进行比赛。

The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off.班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。

独立主格类型2：名词（代词）+过去分词The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。

The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.最后一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家。

More time given, we should have done the job much better.如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。

独立主格类型3：名词（代词）+不定式Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week.如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。

So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。

独立主格类型4：名词（代词）+介词短语The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。

A girl came in, book in hand. 一个少女进来了，手里拿着书。

He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影。

独立主格类型5：名词（代词）+形容词或副词He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. 他坐在前排，嘴半开着。

She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter. 她坐在桌前，衣领已解掉，头低了下来，拿好钢笔，准备开始写一封长信。

独立主格类型6：There being +名词（代词）There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。

There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。

独立主格类型7：It being +名词（代词）It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。

It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。

说明：独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with。

如：Don’t sleep with the windows open. 别开着窗睡觉。

He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低着头站在老师面前。

He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。

She came in with a book in her hand. 她手里拿着一本书走了进来。

He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。

I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。

He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。

I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。

With 复合结构With+宾语（名词/代词）+ 宾补被称为With的复合结构.。

宾补可以由形容词（短语），副词（短语），介词（短语），名词（短语），动词的过去分词（表被动），现在分词（表主动），不定式（表将来）充当。

这种结构用法十分灵活而且复杂。

近年来，高考命题者常常通过一定的语境来考查with这一复合结构的用法With 复合结构在句中作状语表示条件，原因，伴随等，因此可以和相应的状语从句转换也可以和and的并列句转换。

1 时间状语从句转化为With 复合结构When the moon rose in the sky, the children sang merrily.With the moon rising in the sky , the children sang merrily.As soon as the film star appeared, all the audience cheered.With the film star appearing , all the audience cheered..2 原因状语从句转化为With 复合结构Because the prices of oil have increased, many people have to go to work by buses not by car. With the prices of oil increasing , many people have to go to work by bus not by car.As the diamond ring was stolen, the bride cried all night long .With the diamond ring stolen , the bride cried all night long .3 条件状语从句转化为With 复合结构If you help me , I’m sure I can learn to drive the car.With you to help me , I’m sure I can learn to drive the car.If time permits, we will go to the flower show..With time permitting, , we will go to the flower show..4 and 的并列句转化为With 复合结构作伴随方式状语He is having supper and the TV is on.He is having supper with the TV is on.Tom went out of the room and the door was unlocked.Tom went out of the room with the door unlocked .Two boys stood in the classroom and their faces were to the wall.Two boys stood in the classroom with their faces to the wall.He worked from morning till night, and he had little time to rest.He worked from morning till night with little time to rest.注意as和with的区别:表示”随着” as为连词，接句子。

with为介词，接词组。

时光流逝，他的头发越来越灰白了。

As time went on, his hair became greyer and greyer.With time going on, his hair became greyer and greyer.练习：汉译英手头无事可做，我看了会儿电视。

全部工作完成后，他们回去了他睡着了，脸上盖着一本杂志。

他感到很自由，因为父母都出去了。

Answers:With nothing to do, I watched TV for a while.With all the work finished, they went back.He slept with a magazine covering his face.He felt free with his parents out.单项选择：1________ the deserts expanding , more areas are facing the danger of sandstorms .A. AsB. ForC. WithD. By2 With a lot of dishes ______, she had to work far into the night.A. washedB. to washC. washingD. to be washed3. With his house ____ by the big fire, he had no room to live in.A. destroyB. was destroyedC. destroyingD. destroyed4．With on-line shopping ____ more and more popular, more people shop at home through the Internet.A. has becomeB. becomesC. becomingD. became5. He stared at his friend with his mouth ________．A. wide openB. widely openC. wide openedD. widely opeded1．[解析] 答案C。