考研英语二考前终极预测题及标准答案解析

2024年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)Section I Use ofEnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Your social life is defined as 'the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are not working'.It's important to have a social life,but what'sright for one person won't be right for another.Some of us feel energised by spending lotsof time with others,_ some of us may feel drained,even if it's doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a 2 in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not 3 others,can make you feel lonely and 4 .Loneliness is known to impact onyour mental health and 5 a low mood.Anyone can feellonely at any time.This might be especially true if, 6 you are working from home and you are 7 onthe social conversations that happen in an office.Other lifechanges also 8 periods of loneliness too, such as retirement,changingjobs or becoming a parent.It's important to recognise these feelings of loneliness.There are ways to 9 a social life.But it be overwhelming 10 .It's a great idea to start by thinking about hobbies you enjoy.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be able to meet 11 people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to 12 anew sport for the first time or networking eventsfor those in the same profession to meet upand 13 ideas.On the other hand,it is 14 possible to havetoo much of a social life.If you feel like you're always doing something and there is never any 15 in your calendar for downtime, you could suffer social bumout or social 16 .We all have our own social limit and it's important to recognise when you're feeling like it's all too much.Low mood,low energy, irritability and trouble sleeping could all be 17 of poor social health.Make sure you 18 some time in your diary when you're 19 for socialising and use this time to relax, 20 andrecover.1.[A]because [B]unless [C]whereas [D]until2.[A]contrast [B]balance [C]link[D]gap3.[A]seeing [B]pleasing [C]judging [D]teaching4.[A]misguided [B]surprised [C]spoiled [D]disconnected5.[A]contribute to [B]rely on [C]interfere with [D]go against6.[A]in fact [B]of course [C]for example [D]on average7.[A]cutting back [B]missing out [C]breaking in [D]looking out8.[A]shorten [B]trigger [C]follow [D]interupt9.[A]assess [B]interpret [C]provide [D]regain10.[A]at first [B]in tum [C]on time [D]by chance11.[A]far-sighted [B]strong-willed [C]kind-hearted [D]like-minded12.[A]try [B]promote [C]watch [D]describe13.[A]test [B]share [C]accept [D]revise14.[A]already [B]thus [C]also [D]only15.[A]visit [B]order [C]space [D]boundary16.[A]fatigue [B]criticism [C]injustice [D]dilemma17.[A]sources [B]standards [C]signs [D]scores18.[A]take over [B]wipe off [C] add up[D]mark out19.[A]ungrateful [B]unavailable [C]responsible [D]regretful20.[A]react [B]repeat [C]return [D]restSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark youranswerson the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Anger over AI's role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technology's future.In her new bookCogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at Cambridge University,argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress.“Whatever we mean by the economy growing,by things getting better, the gains will have to bemoreevenly shared than in the recent past,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,with middle-income jobs undercut by automation, will not be politically sustainable.”Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,says Coyle.But people can't be expected to embracethe changes if they're not seeing the benefits—if they're just seeing goodjobs being destroyed.In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that tech's inequality problem could bea roadblock todeploying AI.“We're talking about disruption,”she says.“These are transformative technologies that change theways we spend our time every day, that change business models that succeed."To make such“tremendous changes,"she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmeringamong many asthe benefits are perceived to go to elites in a handful of prosperous cities.According to the BrookingsInstitution,a short listof eight Americancities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly 38%of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies are particularly concentrated:Brookings's Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account for two-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States (San Francisco and San Jose alone account for about one-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographical disparities in wealth will continue to soar.Not only will this foster political andsocial unrest,but it could,as Coyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining the AI agenda.That willlikely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muroand others have suggested hefty federal funding tohelp create USregional innovation centers,for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies that don't simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts ofthe country care most about,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues in her new book that economic growth should[A]giverise toinnovation[B]diversify career choices[C]benefit people equally[D]be promoted forcefully22.According to paragraph 2,digital technology should be useful to[A]bring about instant prosperity[B]reducepeople's workload[C]raise overall work efficiencyD]enhance croSs-sector cooperation23.What does Coyle fearabout ransformative technology?[A]They may affect work-lifebalance.[B]They may be impractical to deploy.[C]They may incur huge expenditure.[D]They may be unwecome tothe public.24.Several American cities are mentioned to show[A]the uneven distribution of AI technologies in the US[B]the disappointing prospect of tech jobs in the US[C]the fast progress of US regional economies[D]the increasingsignificance of US AI assets25.With regard to Coyle concern,the author suggests[A]raising funds to start new AI projects[B]encouraging collaboration in AI research[C]guarding against the side effects of AI[D]redefining the role of AItechnologiesText 2The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas wamed.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the country's reliance on timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for futuregenerations.Currently only 20 percent of the UK's wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the second-largest net importer of timber in the world.Coming at a time offresh incentives from the UK govemment for landowners to grow more trees,the trade body says thesedon't go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timber supplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisis because of failure to plant trees to produce wood.”said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."For decades wehave not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply,leaving us exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grownwood in England isonly around 25 percent.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to the UK's net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continuesto be on food production and the rewinding andplanting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add: “While food production and biodiversity are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of wood for construction,manufacturing and contribute to net zero.“While the UK government has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action on the ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind those aspirations to ensure we have enough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be learmed from paragraph I thattheUK needsto[A]increase its domesticwood supply[B]reduce its demand for timber[C]lower its wood production costsD]lift its control on timber imports27.According to Confor,the UK government's fresh incentives[A]can hardly address construction crisis[B]are believed to come at the wrong time[C]seemto bemisleading for landowners[D]will be costlyto put into practice28.The UK's exposure to fluctuational wood prices is a result of[A]govenment's inaction on timber imports[B]inadequate investmentin growing wood[C]competiton oftimber traders at home[D]wood products motive to maximise profits29.Which of the following causes the shortage of wood supply in UK?[A]excessive timber consumption in construction[B]unfavorable conditions for growing trees[C]outdated technology for woodproductionD]farmers'unwillingness to plant trees30.What does Goodall think UK govenment should do?[A]Subsidise the building of low-carbon homes.[B]Pay attention torural economy.[C]Provide more support for tree planting.[D]Give priority to pursue net-zero strategyText 3Onebig challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road isconvincing them that it is time to tum over the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops—or is forced to stop—driving,said former risk manager Anne M.Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physician's advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,Menke wrote.“Some states require physicians to report, others allow but do not mandate reports,while a few consider a report breach of confidentiality. There could be liability and penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality"she counseled.Part ofthe problem in keepingolder drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piecemeal by different professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan. “There's not a National Institute of Older Driver Studies,"she said.“We need better evidence on what makesdrivers unsafe”andwhat can help,said Dugan.One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal. Mandatory in-person renewal was associated with a31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be nobenefit from combining the two.Many old drivers don't see eye doctors or can't afford to.Primary care providers have their hands full and may not be able to follow throughwith patients who have trouble driving because they can'tturn their heads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and haven't changed their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily,As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars won't solve the problems of crashes,said Dugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those humandrivers would require to many algorithms,she said.But we need to domore to improve safety,said Dugan.“If we're going to have 100-year lives,we need cars thata 90-year-old can drive comfortably.”31.According to Paragraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road[A]is a new safety measure[B]has become a disputed issue[C]can be a tough task to completeD]will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice[A]has won support from drivers[B]is generally considered unrealistic[C]is wide dismissed as unnecessary[D]has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,efforts to keep older drivers safe[A]have broughtabout big changes[B]need to be well coordinated[C]have gained public concen[D]call forrelevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to[A]stick with bad driving habits[B]have a weakened memory[C]suffer from chronic pains[D]neglect car maintenance35.Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in[A]upgrading self-driving vehicle[B]developing senior-friendly cars[C]renovatingtransport facilities[D]adjusting the age limit for driversText 4If you look at the apps on your phone,chances are you have at least one related to your health—and probably several.Whether it is a mental health app,a fitness tracker,a connected health device or something else,many of us are taking advantage of this technologyto keepbetter track of our health in some shape or form.Recent research from the Organization for the Review of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000 health apps were available on the market, 90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone.While these apps have a great deal to offer,it is not always clear how the personal information we input is collected,safeguarded and shared online.Existing health privacy law, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act,is primarily focused on the way hospitals,doctors'offices,clinics and insurance companies store health records online. The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting typically does not receive the same legalprotections.Without additional protections in place,companies may share (and potentially monetize)personal healthinformationin away consumersmay not have authorized or anticipated. In 2021,Flo Health faced a Federal Trade Commission(FTC)investigation.The FTC alleged in a complaint that "despite express privacy claims,the company took control of users' sensitivity fertility data and shared it with thirdparties."Flo Health and the FTC settled the matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get appusers'express affirmative consent before sharing their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to delete thedata they had obtained.Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against unfair or deceptive acts,meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company's privacy practices are misleading or causeunjustified consumer harm.While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this isAs to the prospects for federal legislation,commentators suggest that comprehensive federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the short term.States have begun implementing their own solutions to shore upprotections for consumer-generated health data.Califomia has been at the forefront of state privacy efforts with the Califomia Consumer Privacy Act of 2018.Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed state consumer dataprivacy legislation.36.The research findings are cited in Paragraph 1 to show[A]the prevalence of health apps[B]the public concem over health[C]the popularity of smartphones[D]the advancement of technology37.What dose the author imply about existing health privacy law?[A]Its coverage needs to be extended.[B]Its enforcement needs strengthening.[C]It has discouraged medical misconduct.[D]It has disappointed insurance companies.38.Before sharing its users'health information,Flo Health is required to[A]seek the approvalof the FTC[B]find qualified third parties[C]remove irrelevant personal data[D]obtain their explicit permission39.What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?[A]The complexity of health information.[B]The rapid increase in new health apps.[C]The subtle deceptiveness ofhealth apps.[D]The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.40.It can be leamed from the last paragraphthat health data protection[A]has been embraced by health app developers[B]has been afocus of federal policy-making[C]hasencountered opposition in Califomia[D]has gainedlegislative support in some statesPart BDirections:Read the following text and choose thebest answer from the right column to complete each of the unfinished statements in the left column.Mark your answers onthe ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)High school students eager to stand out in thecollege application process often participate in a litany of extracurricular activities hoping to bolster their chances of admission a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopeful's extracurricular activities matter more thanthe number of activities he or she participates in.Sue Rexford,the director of college guidance at the Charles.E.Smith Jewish Day School, says it is not necessary for astudent,filing out the Common Application to list 10 activities in the application“No”college will expect that a student has a huge laundry list of extracurricular that they have been passionately involved in each for an tended periodof time,"Rexford wrote in an email Experts say it is tougher to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliated extracurricular activity that is common among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.“The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer,and so if they're going todo a popular activity,I'd say,be thebest at it."says Sara Harherson,a college admission consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independentlyoften impress colleges,experts say.“For example,a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrateskills and potential by starting a profitable small business.”Olivia Valdes,the founde r of Zen Admissionsconsulting firm,wrote in an email.Joseph Adegboyega-Edun,a Maryland High school guidance counselor,says unconventional extracurricular activities can help students,impress college admissions offices,assuming they demonstrated,serious commitment.“Again,since one of the big questions high school seniors must consider is ‘What makes you unique?'having an uncommon,extracurricular activity,a conventional one is an advantage,"he wrote in an email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at least one extracurricular activity can help in the college admissionsprocess,especiallyat top-tier undergraduate institutions.“Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in the admissions process,especially for highly selective institutions,where having top grades and test scores is not enough,"Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wise admissions consultancy, wrote in an email.“Student s need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them to visualize how the student might come and enrich their campus commuity.”Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial,experts suggest.“If you already know your major,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be a big plus,"says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunities with The CabbagePatch Settlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community center.High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through an extracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship,says Erica Gwyn,afomer math and science magnet program assistant at a public high school who is now executive director of the Kaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.答案：41.C 42.E 43.A 44.G 45.BSection II Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colorful vegetables andtempting cheeses,and the buzz of friendly chats,farmers'markets are a feast for the senses.They also provide an opportunity totalk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your local economy and pick up fresh seasonal produce —all at the same time.Farmers'markets are usually weekly or monthly events,most often with outdoor stalls, which allow farmers or producers to selltheir food directly to customers.The size or regularity of marketscan vary from season to season,depending on the area's agricultural calendar,and you're likely to find different produce on sale at different times of the year.By cutting out the middlemen, the farmers secure more profit for their produce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where —and to who—their money is going.参考译文：空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的味道，摊位上挤满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，以及友好聊天的嘈杂声，农贸市场是感官的盛宴(3分)。

2024年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)Section I Use ofEnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Your social life is defined as 'the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are not working'.It's important to have a social life,but what'sright for one person won't be right for another.Some of us feel energised by spending lotsof time with others,_ some of us may feel drained,even if it's doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a 2 in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not 3 others,can make you feel lonely and 4 .Loneliness is known to impact onyour mental health and 5 a low mood.Anyone can feellonely at any time.This might be especially true if, 6 you are working from home and you are 7 onthe social conversations that happen in an office.Other lifechanges also 8 periods of loneliness too, such as retirement,changingjobs or becoming a parent.It's important to recognise these feelings of loneliness.There are ways to 9 a social life.But it be overwhelming 10 .It's a great idea to start by thinking about hobbies you enjoy.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be able to meet 11 people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to 12 anew sport for the first time or networking eventsfor those in the same profession to meet upand 13 ideas.On the other hand,it is 14 possible to havetoo much of a social life.If you feel like you're always doing something and there is never any 15 in your calendar for downtime, you could suffer social bumout or social 16 .We all have our own social limit and it's important to recognise when you're feeling like it's all too much.Low mood,low energy, irritability and trouble sleeping could all be 17 of poor social health.Make sure you 18 some time in your diary when you're 19 for socialising and use this time to relax, 20 andrecover.1.[A]because [B]unless [C]whereas [D]until2.[A]contrast [B]balance [C]link[D]gap3.[A]seeing [B]pleasing [C]judging [D]teaching4.[A]misguided [B]surprised [C]spoiled [D]disconnected5.[A]contribute to [B]rely on [C]interfere with [D]go against6.[A]in fact [B]of course [C]for example [D]on average7.[A]cutting back [B]missing out [C]breaking in [D]looking out8.[A]shorten [B]trigger [C]follow [D]interupt9.[A]assess [B]interpret [C]provide [D]regain10.[A]at first [B]in tum [C]on time [D]by chance11.[A]far-sighted [B]strong-willed [C]kind-hearted [D]like-minded12.[A]try [B]promote [C]watch [D]describe13.[A]test [B]share [C]accept [D]revise14.[A]already [B]thus [C]also [D]only15.[A]visit [B]order [C]space [D]boundary16.[A]fatigue [B]criticism [C]injustice [D]dilemma17.[A]sources [B]standards [C]signs [D]scores18.[A]take over [B]wipe off [C] add up[D]mark out19.[A]ungrateful [B]unavailable [C]responsible [D]regretful20.[A]react [B]repeat [C]return [D]restSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark youranswerson the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Anger over AI's role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technology's future.In her new bookCogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at Cambridge University,argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress.“Whatever we mean by the economy growing,by things getting better, the gains will have to bemoreevenly shared than in the recent past,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,with middle-income jobs undercut by automation, will not be politically sustainable.”Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,says Coyle.But people can't be expected to embracethe changes if they're not seeing the benefits—if they're just seeing goodjobs being destroyed.In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that tech's inequality problem could bea roadblock todeploying AI.“We're talking about disruption,”she says.“These are transformative technologies that change theways we spend our time every day, that change business models that succeed."To make such“tremendous changes,"she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmeringamong many asthe benefits are perceived to go to elites in a handful of prosperous cities.According to the BrookingsInstitution,a short listof eight Americancities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly 38%of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies are particularly concentrated:Brookings's Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account for two-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States (San Francisco and San Jose alone account for about one-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographical disparities in wealth will continue to soar.Not only will this foster political andsocial unrest,but it could,as Coyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining the AI agenda.That willlikely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muroand others have suggested hefty federal funding tohelp create USregional innovation centers,for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies that don't simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts ofthe country care most about,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues in her new book that economic growth should[A]giverise toinnovation[B]diversify career choices[C]benefit people equally[D]be promoted forcefully22.According to paragraph 2,digital technology should be useful to[A]bring about instant prosperity[B]reducepeople's workload[C]raise overall work efficiencyD]enhance croSs-sector cooperation23.What does Coyle fearabout ransformative technology?[A]They may affect work-lifebalance.[B]They may be impractical to deploy.[C]They may incur huge expenditure.[D]They may be unwecome tothe public.24.Several American cities are mentioned to show[A]the uneven distribution of AI technologies in the US[B]the disappointing prospect of tech jobs in the US[C]the fast progress of US regional economies[D]the increasingsignificance of US AI assets25.With regard to Coyle concern,the author suggests[A]raising funds to start new AI projects[B]encouraging collaboration in AI research[C]guarding against the side effects of AI[D]redefining the role of AItechnologiesText 2The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas wamed.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the country's reliance on timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for futuregenerations.Currently only 20 percent of the UK's wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the second-largest net importer of timber in the world.Coming at a time offresh incentives from the UK govemment for landowners to grow more trees,the trade body says thesedon't go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timber supplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisis because of failure to plant trees to produce wood.”said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."For decades wehave not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply,leaving us exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grownwood in England isonly around 25 percent.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to the UK's net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continuesto be on food production and the rewinding andplanting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add: “While food production and biodiversity are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of wood for construction,manufacturing and contribute to net zero.“While the UK government has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action on the ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind those aspirations to ensure we have enough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be learmed from paragraph I thattheUK needsto[A]increase its domesticwood supply[B]reduce its demand for timber[C]lower its wood production costsD]lift its control on timber imports27.According to Confor,the UK government's fresh incentives[A]can hardly address construction crisis[B]are believed to come at the wrong time[C]seemto bemisleading for landowners[D]will be costlyto put into practice28.The UK's exposure to fluctuational wood prices is a result of[A]govenment's inaction on timber imports[B]inadequate investmentin growing wood[C]competiton oftimber traders at home[D]wood products motive to maximise profits29.Which of the following causes the shortage of wood supply in UK?[A]excessive timber consumption in construction[B]unfavorable conditions for growing trees[C]outdated technology for woodproductionD]farmers'unwillingness to plant trees30.What does Goodall think UK govenment should do?[A]Subsidise the building of low-carbon homes.[B]Pay attention torural economy.[C]Provide more support for tree planting.[D]Give priority to pursue net-zero strategyText 3Onebig challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road isconvincing them that it is time to tum over the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops—or is forced to stop—driving,said former risk manager Anne M.Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physician's advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,Menke wrote.“Some states require physicians to report, others allow but do not mandate reports,while a few consider a report breach of confidentiality. There could be liability and penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality"she counseled.Part ofthe problem in keepingolder drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piecemeal by different professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan. “There's not a National Institute of Older Driver Studies,"she said.“We need better evidence on what makesdrivers unsafe”andwhat can help,said Dugan.One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal. Mandatory in-person renewal was associated with a31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be nobenefit from combining the two.Many old drivers don't see eye doctors or can't afford to.Primary care providers have their hands full and may not be able to follow throughwith patients who have trouble driving because they can'tturn their heads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and haven't changed their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily,As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars won't solve the problems of crashes,said Dugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those humandrivers would require to many algorithms,she said.But we need to domore to improve safety,said Dugan.“If we're going to have 100-year lives,we need cars thata 90-year-old can drive comfortably.”31.According to Paragraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road[A]is a new safety measure[B]has become a disputed issue[C]can be a tough task to completeD]will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice[A]has won support from drivers[B]is generally considered unrealistic[C]is wide dismissed as unnecessary[D]has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,efforts to keep older drivers safe[A]have broughtabout big changes[B]need to be well coordinated[C]have gained public concen[D]call forrelevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to[A]stick with bad driving habits[B]have a weakened memory[C]suffer from chronic pains[D]neglect car maintenance35.Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in[A]upgrading self-driving vehicle[B]developing senior-friendly cars[C]renovatingtransport facilities[D]adjusting the age limit for driversText 4If you look at the apps on your phone,chances are you have at least one related to your health—and probably several.Whether it is a mental health app,a fitness tracker,a connected health device or something else,many of us are taking advantage of this technologyto keepbetter track of our health in some shape or form.Recent research from the Organization for the Review of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000 health apps were available on the market, 90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone.While these apps have a great deal to offer,it is not always clear how the personal information we input is collected,safeguarded and shared online.Existing health privacy law, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act,is primarily focused on the way hospitals,doctors'offices,clinics and insurance companies store health records online. The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting typically does not receive the same legalprotections.Without additional protections in place,companies may share (and potentially monetize)personal healthinformationin away consumersmay not have authorized or anticipated. In 2021,Flo Health faced a Federal Trade Commission(FTC)investigation.The FTC alleged in a complaint that "despite express privacy claims,the company took control of users' sensitivity fertility data and shared it with thirdparties."Flo Health and the FTC settled the matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get appusers'express affirmative consent before sharing their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to delete thedata they had obtained.Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against unfair or deceptive acts,meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company's privacy practices are misleading or causeunjustified consumer harm.While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this isAs to the prospects for federal legislation,commentators suggest that comprehensive federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the short term.States have begun implementing their own solutions to shore upprotections for consumer-generated health data.Califomia has been at the forefront of state privacy efforts with the Califomia Consumer Privacy Act of 2018.Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed state consumer dataprivacy legislation.36.The research findings are cited in Paragraph 1 to show[A]the prevalence of health apps[B]the public concem over health[C]the popularity of smartphones[D]the advancement of technology37.What dose the author imply about existing health privacy law?[A]Its coverage needs to be extended.[B]Its enforcement needs strengthening.[C]It has discouraged medical misconduct.[D]It has disappointed insurance companies.38.Before sharing its users'health information,Flo Health is required to[A]seek the approvalof the FTC[B]find qualified third parties[C]remove irrelevant personal data[D]obtain their explicit permission39.What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?[A]The complexity of health information.[B]The rapid increase in new health apps.[C]The subtle deceptiveness ofhealth apps.[D]The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.40.It can be leamed from the last paragraphthat health data protection[A]has been embraced by health app developers[B]has been afocus of federal policy-making[C]hasencountered opposition in Califomia[D]has gainedlegislative support in some statesPart BDirections:Read the following text and choose thebest answer from the right column to complete each of the unfinished statements in the left column.Mark your answers onthe ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)High school students eager to stand out in thecollege application process often participate in a litany of extracurricular activities hoping to bolster their chances of admission a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopeful's extracurricular activities matter more thanthe number of activities he or she participates in.Sue Rexford,the director of college guidance at the Charles.E.Smith Jewish Day School, says it is not necessary for astudent,filing out the Common Application to list 10 activities in the application“No”college will expect that a student has a huge laundry list of extracurricular that they have been passionately involved in each for an tended periodof time,"Rexford wrote in an email Experts say it is tougher to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliated extracurricular activity that is common among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.“The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer,and so if they're going todo a popular activity,I'd say,be thebest at it."says Sara Harherson,a college admission consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independentlyoften impress colleges,experts say.“For example,a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrateskills and potential by starting a profitable small business.”Olivia Valdes,the founde r of Zen Admissionsconsulting firm,wrote in an email.Joseph Adegboyega-Edun,a Maryland High school guidance counselor,says unconventional extracurricular activities can help students,impress college admissions offices,assuming they demonstrated,serious commitment.“Again,since one of the big questions high school seniors must consider is ‘What makes you unique?'having an uncommon,extracurricular activity,a conventional one is an advantage,"he wrote in an email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at least one extracurricular activity can help in the college admissionsprocess,especiallyat top-tier undergraduate institutions.“Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in the admissions process,especially for highly selective institutions,where having top grades and test scores is not enough,"Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wise admissions consultancy, wrote in an email.“Student s need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them to visualize how the student might come and enrich their campus commuity.”Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial,experts suggest.“If you already know your major,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be a big plus,"says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunities with The CabbagePatch Settlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community center.High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through an extracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship,says Erica Gwyn,afomer math and science magnet program assistant at a public high school who is now executive director of the Kaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.答案：41.C 42.E 43.A 44.G 45.BSection II Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colorful vegetables andtempting cheeses,and the buzz of friendly chats,farmers'markets are a feast for the senses.They also provide an opportunity totalk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your local economy and pick up fresh seasonal produce —all at the same time.Farmers'markets are usually weekly or monthly events,most often with outdoor stalls, which allow farmers or producers to selltheir food directly to customers.The size or regularity of marketscan vary from season to season,depending on the area's agricultural calendar,and you're likely to find different produce on sale at different times of the year.By cutting out the middlemen, the farmers secure more profit for their produce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where —and to who—their money is going.参考译文：空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的味道，摊位上挤满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，以及友好聊天的嘈杂声，农贸市场是感官的盛宴(3分)。

2024年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blankandmark A,B,Cor D ontheANSWER SHEET.(10points)Your social life is defined as'the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are not working'.It's important to have a social life,but what's right for one person won't be right for another.Some of us feel energised by spending lots of time with others,some of us may feel drained,evenif it's doing something we enjoyThis is why finding a2in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not3others,can make youfeel lonely and4.Loneliness is known to impact onyourmental health and5a lowmood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.Thismight be especially true if,6you are working from home and you are7on the social conversations that happen in an office.Other life changes also8periods of loneliness too, such as retirement,changingjobs or becoming aparent.It's important to recognise these feelings of loneliness.There are ways to9a social life.But it be overwhelming10.It's a great idea to start by thinking about hobbies you enjoy.You canthen find groups and activities related to those where you will be able to meet_11people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to12anew sport for the first time or networkingeventsfor those in the same profession tomeetupand13ideas.On the other hand,it is14possible to have too much of a social life.If you feel like you're always doing something and there is never any15in your calendar for downtime, you could suffer social bumout or social6.We all have our own social limit and it's important to recognise when you're feeling like it's all too much.Low mood,low energy, irritability and trouble sleeping could all be17of poor social health.Make sure you 18_some time in your diary when you're19for socialising and use this time to relax,20and recover.1.[A]because[B]unless[C]whereas[D]until2.[A]contrast[B]balance[C]link D]gap3.[A]seeing[B]pleasing[C]judging[D]teaching4.[A]misguided[B]surprised[C]spoiled[D]disconnected5.[A]contribute to[B]rely on[C]interferewith[D]go against6.[A]in fact[B]of course[C]for example[D]on average7.[A]cutting back[B]missing out[C]breaking in[D]looking out8.[A]shorten[B]trigger[C]follow D]interrup9.[A]assess[B]interpret[C]provide[D]regain10.[A]at first[B]in turn[C]ontime D]by chance11.[A]far-sighted[B]strong-willed[C]kind-hearted[D]like-minded12.[A]try[B]promote[C]watch[D]describe13.[A]test[B]share[C]accept[D]revise14.[A]already[B]thus[C]also D]only15.[A]visit[B]order[C]space[D]boundary16.[A]fatigue[B]criticism[C]injustice[D]dilemma17.[A]sources[B]standards[C]signs[D]scores18.[A]take over[B]wipe off[C]add up[D]mark out19.[A]ungrateful[B]unavailable[C]responsible[D]regretful20.[A]react[B]repeat[C]return[D]restSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Anger over AI's role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technology's future.In her new book Cogsand Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at Cambridge University,argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress.“Whatever we mean by the economy growing,by things getting better, the gains will haveto bemoreevenlyshared than in the recent past,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionairesand gig workers,withmiddle-income jobs undercut byautomation will not be politically sustainable.”Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for morepeople will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,says Coyle.But people can't be expected to embrace the changes if they're not seeing the benefits—if they're justseeinggoodjobs being destroyedIn a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that tech's inequality problem could bea roadblock to deploying AL.“We're talking about disruption,”she says.“These are transfomative technologies that change the ways wespend our time every day, that change business models that succeed.”To make such“tremendous changes,”she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmeringamong many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites ina handful of prosperous cities.Acording to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly38%of all tech jobs by2019.New AI technologies are particularly concentrated:Brookings's Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just15cities account for two-thirds of theAI assets and capabilities in the United States(San Francisco and San Jose alone account for about one-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographical disparities in wealth will continueto soar.Not only will this foster political andsocial unrest,but it could,as Coyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies togrow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech hason defining the AI agenda.That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muro and others have suggested hefty federal funding to helpcreate US regional innovation centers,for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies that don't simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts ofthecountry care most about,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues in her new book that economic growth should[A]giverise toinnovation[B]diversifycareerchoices[C]benefit people equallyD]be promoted forcefully22.According to paragraph2,digital technology should be useful to[A]bring about instant prosperity[B]reduce people's workload[C]raise overall work efficiencyD]enhance cross-sector coopertion23.What doesCoyle fear about transformative technology?[A]They may affect work-life balance.[B]They may be impracticalto deploy.[C]They may incurhuge expenditure.D]They may be unwelcome to the public24.Several American cities are mentioned to show[A]the uneven distributionof AI technologiesin the US[B]the disappointing prospect of tech jobs inthe US[C]the fast progress of US regional economies[D]the increasing significance of US AI assets25.With regard to Coyle concem,the author suggests[A]raising funds to start new AI projects[B]encouraging collaboration in AI research[C]guarding against the sideeffects of AI[D]redefining the role of AItechnologiesText2The UK is facinga future construction crisis because ofa failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas wamed.The forestryand wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the country's reliance on timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for futuregenerations.Curently only20percent of the UK's wood requirement is home-grown while it remains thesecond-largest net importer of timber in the world.Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK govermment for landowners to grow more trees,the trade body says these don't go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them toboost timber supplies."Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisis because of failure to plant trees to produce wood."said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."For decadeswe have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply,leavingus exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future suppliesof wood as global demand risesand our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes andis a global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grownwood in England is onlyaround25percentWhile productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to the UK's net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continues to be on food production and the rewinding and planting ofnative woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add:“While food production and biodiversity areclearly of critical importance,we need our land to also providesecure supplies of wood for construction,manufacturing andcontribute to net zero.While the UK government has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there hasbeen little action on the ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind those aspirations to ensurewe have enough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be leamed from paragraph I that the UK needs to[A]increase its domestic wood supply[B]reduceits demand for timber[C]lower its wood production costs[D]lift its control on timber imports27.According to Confor,the UK govemment's freshincentives[A]can hardly address construction crisis[B]are believed to come at the wrong time[C]seem to be misleading for landowners[D]willbe costly to put into practice28.The UK's exposure to fluctuational wood prices is a result of[A]government's inaction on timber imports[B]inadequate investment in growing wood[C]competition of timber traders at home[D]wood products motive to maximise profits29.Whichof the following causes the shortage of wood supply in UK?[A]excessivetimber consumption inconstruction[B]unfavorable conditions for growing trees[C]outdated technology for wood production[D]farmers'unwillingness to plant trees30.What does Goodallthink UK govemment should do?[A]Subsidise the building of low-carbonhomes.[B]Pay attention to rural economy.[C]Provide more support for tree planting[D]Give priority to pursue net-zero strategy.Text3Onebig challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it is time to tum over the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops—or is forced to stop—diving,said former risk manager Anne M.Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physician's advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,Menke wrote."Some states require physiciansto report, others allow but donot mandate reports,while a few consider a report breach of confidentiality. There could be liability and penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality”she counseled.Part ofthe problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piecemeal by different professions withdifferent focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan.“There's not a National Institute of Older Driver Studies,"she said.“Weneedbetter evidence on what makes drivers unsafe"and what can help,said DuganOne thing that does seem to workis requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal. Mandatory in-personrenewal was associated with a31percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers85orolder,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for thosedrivers,although there appeared to be nobenefit from combining the two.Many old divers don't see eye doctors or can't afford to.Primarycare providers have their hands full and may notbe able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they can't tumtheir heads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and havent changed their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily,As long asthere are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars won't solve the problems of crashes,said Dugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those human divers would require to many algorithms,she said.But we need to do more to improve safety,said Dugan.“If we're going to have100-year lives,we need cars that a90-year-old can drive comfortably.”31.According toParagraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road[A]is a new safety measure[B]hasbecome a disputed issue[C]can be a toughtask to complete[D]will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice[A]has won support from drivers[B]is generally considered unrealistic[C]is wide dismissed as unnecessary[D]has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,effortsto keep older drivers safe[A]have brought about big changes[B]need to bewell coordinated[C]havegained publicconcern[D]call for relevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to[A]stick with bad driving habits[B]have aweakened memory[C]suffer fromchronic pains[D]neglect car maintenance35.Duganthinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in[A]upgrading self-driving vehicle[B]developing senior-friendlycars[C]renovating transport facilities[D]adjusting the age limit for driversText4If you look at the apps on your phone,chances are you have at least one related to your health—and probably several.Whether it is a mental health app,a fitness tracker,a connected health device or something else,many of us are taking advantage of this technology tokeep better track of our health in some shape or fom.Recent research from the Organization for the Review of Care and Health Applications found that350,000health apps were available on the market, 90,000of which launched in2020alone.While these apps have a great deal to offer,it is not always clear how the personal information we input is collected,safeguarded and shared online.Existing health privacy law, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act,is primarily focused on the way hospitals,doctors'ofices,clinics and insurance companies store health records online. The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting typically does not receive the same legalprotections.Without additional protections in place,companies may share(and potentially monetize)personal health information in a way consumersmay not have authorized oranticipated. In2021,Flo Health faced a Federal Trade Commission(FTC)investigation.The FTC alleged in a complaint that"despite express privacy claims,the company took control of users' sensitivity fertility data and shared it with third parties.”"Flo Health andthe FTC settled the matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get app users'express affirmative consent before sharing their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to delete the data they had obtained.Section5of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against unfair or deceptive acts,meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company's privacy practices are misleadingor causeunjustified consumer harm.While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rateat which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this is.As to the prospects for federal legislation,commentators suggest thatcomprehensive federal privacy legislation seemsunlikely in the short term.States have begun implementing their own solutionsto shore up protections for consumer-generated healthdata.Califomia has been at the forefront of state privacyefforts with theCalifomia Consumer Privacy Act of2018.Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed state consumer data privacy legislation36.The research findings are cited in Paragraph1to show[A]the prevalence of health apps[B]the public concen over health[C]the popularity of smartphonesD]theadvancement of technology37.What dose the author imply about existing health privacy law?[A]Its coverage needs to be extended[B]Its enforcement needs strengthening[C]It has discouraged medical misconduct.[D]It has disappointedinsurance companies.38.Before sharing itsusers'health information.Flo Health is required to[A]seek the approval of theFTC[B]find qualified third parties[C]remove irrelevant personal dataD]obtain their explicit permission39.What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?[A]Thecomplexity of health information[B]The rapid increase in newhealth apps[C]The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.[D]The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.40.It can be leamed from the last paragraph that health data protection[A]has been embraced by health app developers[B]has been a focus of federal policy-making[C]hasencounteredopposition in CalifomiaD]has gained legislative support in some statesPart BDirections:Read the following text and choose the best answer from the right column to complete each of the unfinished statements in the left column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)High school students eagerto stand out in the college application process often participate in a litany of extracurricular activities hoping to bolster their chances of admission a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopeful's extracurricular activities matter more than the number of activities he or she participates in Sue Rexford,the director of collegeguidance at the Charles.E.Smith Jewish Day School, saysit is not necessary for a student,flling out the Common Application tolist10activities in the application“No”college will expect that a student has a huge laundry list of extracurricular that they have beenpassionately involved in each foran tended period of time,"Rexford wrote in an email.Experts say it is tougher to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliated extracurricular activity that is common among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.“The competition to standout and make an impact is going to be much stiffer,and so if they're going todo a popular activity,I'd say,be the best at it.”says Sara Harherson,a college admission consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independently often impress colleges,experts say.“For example,a student withan interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrateskills and potential by starting a profitable small business.”Olivia Valdes,the founder of Zen Admissions consulting firm,wrotein an emailJosephAdegboyega-Edun,a Maryland High school guidance counselor,says unconventional, extracurricular activities can help students,impress college admissionsoffices,assuming they demonstrated,serious commitment.“Again,sinceone of the big questions high school seniors must consider is‘What makesyou unique?'having an uncommon,extracurricular activity,a conventional oneisan advantage,"hewrote in an email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at least one extracurricular activity canhelp in the college admissionsprocess,especially at top-tier undergraduate institutions.“Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in the admissions process,especially for highly selective institutions,where having top grades and test scores is not enough,"Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wiseadmissions consultancy, wrote in an email.“Students need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them to visualize how the student might come and enrich their campus community.”Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial,experts suggest.“Ifyou already know your major,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be a big plus,"says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunities with The Cabbage Patch Settlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community center.High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through an extracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship,says Erica Gwyn,afomer math and science magnet program assistant at a public high schoolwho is now executive directo of the Kaleidoscope Careers Academyin Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.A.Students who stand out in a specific extracurricular activity will befavored by top-tier institutions.41.Sue Rexford B.Students whose extracurricular activity has benefited their communityare likely to win a scholarship.42.Sara Harberson C.Undertaking too many extracurricular activities will hardly be seen as aplus by colleges.43.Katie Kelley D.Student who exhibits activity in doing business canimpress colleges.44.Mayghin Levine E.High school students participating in popular activity should excel in it.45.Erica Gwyn F.Engaging in uncommon activity can demonstrate Students³determination and dedication.G.It is advisablefor students to choose an extracurricular activity that isrelated to their future study at college.答案：41.C42.E43.A44.G45.BSection III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colorful vegetables and tempting cheeses,and the buzz of friendly chats,farmers³markets are a feast for the senses.They also provide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your local economy and pick up fresh seasonal produce—all at the same time.Farmers'markets are usuallyweekly ormonthly events,most often with outdoor stalls, which allowfarmers orproducers to sell their food directly to customers.The size or regularity of marketscan vary from season to season,depending on the area's agricultural calendar,and you're likely to find different produce on sale at different times of theyear.By cutting out themiddlemen, the farmers secure more profit for their produce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where —and to who—their money isgoing.参考译文：空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的味道，摊位上挤满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，以及友好聊天的嘈杂声，农贸市场是感官的盛宴(3分)。

2024年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)Section I Use ofEnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Your social life is defined as 'the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are not working'.It's important to have a social life,but what'sright for one person won't be right for another.Some of us feel energised by spending lotsof time with others,_ some of us may feel drained,even if it's doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a 2 in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not 3 others,can make you feel lonely and 4 .Loneliness is known to impact onyour mental health and 5 a low mood.Anyone can feellonely at any time.This might be especially true if, 6 you are working from home and you are 7 onthe social conversations that happen in an office.Other lifechanges also 8 periods of loneliness too, such as retirement,changingjobs or becoming a parent.It's important to recognise these feelings of loneliness.There are ways to 9 a social life.But it be overwhelming 10 .It's a great idea to start by thinking about hobbies you enjoy.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be able to meet 11 people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to 12 anew sport for the first time or networking eventsfor those in the same profession to meet upand 13 ideas.On the other hand,it is 14 possible to havetoo much of a social life.If you feel like you're always doing something and there is never any 15 in your calendar for downtime, you could suffer social bumout or social 16 .We all have our own social limit and it's important to recognise when you're feeling like it's all too much.Low mood,low energy, irritability and trouble sleeping could all be 17 of poor social health.Make sure you 18 some time in your diary when you're 19 for socialising and use this time to relax, 20 andrecover.1.[A]because [B]unless [C]whereas [D]until2.[A]contrast [B]balance [C]link[D]gap3.[A]seeing [B]pleasing [C]judging [D]teaching4.[A]misguided [B]surprised [C]spoiled [D]disconnected5.[A]contribute to [B]rely on [C]interfere with [D]go against6.[A]in fact [B]of course [C]for example [D]on average7.[A]cutting back [B]missing out [C]breaking in [D]looking out8.[A]shorten [B]trigger [C]follow [D]interupt9.[A]assess [B]interpret [C]provide [D]regain10.[A]at first [B]in tum [C]on time [D]by chance11.[A]far-sighted [B]strong-willed [C]kind-hearted [D]like-minded12.[A]try [B]promote [C]watch [D]describe13.[A]test [B]share [C]accept [D]revise14.[A]already [B]thus [C]also [D]only15.[A]visit [B]order [C]space [D]boundary16.[A]fatigue [B]criticism [C]injustice [D]dilemma17.[A]sources [B]standards [C]signs [D]scores18.[A]take over [B]wipe off [C] add up[D]mark out19.[A]ungrateful [B]unavailable [C]responsible [D]regretful20.[A]react [B]repeat [C]return [D]restSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark youranswerson the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Anger over AI's role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technology's future.In her new bookCogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at Cambridge University,argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress.“Whatever we mean by the economy growing,by things getting better, the gains will have to bemoreevenly shared than in the recent past,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,with middle-income jobs undercut by automation, will not be politically sustainable.”Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,says Coyle.But people can't be expected to embracethe changes if they're not seeing the benefits—if they're just seeing goodjobs being destroyed.In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that tech's inequality problem could bea roadblock todeploying AI.“We're talking about disruption,”she says.“These are transformative technologies that change theways we spend our time every day, that change business models that succeed."To make such“tremendous changes,"she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmeringamong many asthe benefits are perceived to go to elites in a handful of prosperous cities.According to the BrookingsInstitution,a short listof eight Americancities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly 38%of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies are particularly concentrated:Brookings's Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account for two-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States (San Francisco and San Jose alone account for about one-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographical disparities in wealth will continue to soar.Not only will this foster political andsocial unrest,but it could,as Coyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining the AI agenda.That willlikely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muroand others have suggested hefty federal funding tohelp create USregional innovation centers,for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies that don't simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts ofthe country care most about,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues in her new book that economic growth should[A]giverise toinnovation[B]diversify career choices[C]benefit people equally[D]be promoted forcefully22.According to paragraph 2,digital technology should be useful to[A]bring about instant prosperity[B]reducepeople's workload[C]raise overall work efficiencyD]enhance croSs-sector cooperation23.What does Coyle fearabout ransformative technology?[A]They may affect work-lifebalance.[B]They may be impractical to deploy.[C]They may incur huge expenditure.[D]They may be unwecome tothe public.24.Several American cities are mentioned to show[A]the uneven distribution of AI technologies in the US[B]the disappointing prospect of tech jobs in the US[C]the fast progress of US regional economies[D]the increasingsignificance of US AI assets25.With regard to Coyle concern,the author suggests[A]raising funds to start new AI projects[B]encouraging collaboration in AI research[C]guarding against the side effects of AI[D]redefining the role of AItechnologiesText 2The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas wamed.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the country's reliance on timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for futuregenerations.Currently only 20 percent of the UK's wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the second-largest net importer of timber in the world.Coming at a time offresh incentives from the UK govemment for landowners to grow more trees,the trade body says thesedon't go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timber supplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisis because of failure to plant trees to produce wood.”said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."For decades wehave not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply,leaving us exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grownwood in England isonly around 25 percent.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to the UK's net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continuesto be on food production and the rewinding andplanting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add: “While food production and biodiversity are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of wood for construction,manufacturing and contribute to net zero.“While the UK government has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action on the ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind those aspirations to ensure we have enough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be learmed from paragraph I thattheUK needsto[A]increase its domesticwood supply[B]reduce its demand for timber[C]lower its wood production costsD]lift its control on timber imports27.According to Confor,the UK government's fresh incentives[A]can hardly address construction crisis[B]are believed to come at the wrong time[C]seemto bemisleading for landowners[D]will be costlyto put into practice28.The UK's exposure to fluctuational wood prices is a result of[A]govenment's inaction on timber imports[B]inadequate investmentin growing wood[C]competiton oftimber traders at home[D]wood products motive to maximise profits29.Which of the following causes the shortage of wood supply in UK?[A]excessive timber consumption in construction[B]unfavorable conditions for growing trees[C]outdated technology for woodproductionD]farmers'unwillingness to plant trees30.What does Goodall think UK govenment should do?[A]Subsidise the building of low-carbon homes.[B]Pay attention torural economy.[C]Provide more support for tree planting.[D]Give priority to pursue net-zero strategyText 3Onebig challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road isconvincing them that it is time to tum over the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops—or is forced to stop—driving,said former risk manager Anne M.Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physician's advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,Menke wrote.“Some states require physicians to report, others allow but do not mandate reports,while a few consider a report breach of confidentiality. There could be liability and penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality"she counseled.Part ofthe problem in keepingolder drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piecemeal by different professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan. “There's not a National Institute of Older Driver Studies,"she said.“We need better evidence on what makesdrivers unsafe”andwhat can help,said Dugan.One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal. Mandatory in-person renewal was associated with a31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be nobenefit from combining the two.Many old drivers don't see eye doctors or can't afford to.Primary care providers have their hands full and may not be able to follow throughwith patients who have trouble driving because they can'tturn their heads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and haven't changed their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily,As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars won't solve the problems of crashes,said Dugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those humandrivers would require to many algorithms,she said.But we need to domore to improve safety,said Dugan.“If we're going to have 100-year lives,we need cars thata 90-year-old can drive comfortably.”31.According to Paragraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road[A]is a new safety measure[B]has become a disputed issue[C]can be a tough task to completeD]will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice[A]has won support from drivers[B]is generally considered unrealistic[C]is wide dismissed as unnecessary[D]has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,efforts to keep older drivers safe[A]have broughtabout big changes[B]need to be well coordinated[C]have gained public concen[D]call forrelevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to[A]stick with bad driving habits[B]have a weakened memory[C]suffer from chronic pains[D]neglect car maintenance35.Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in[A]upgrading self-driving vehicle[B]developing senior-friendly cars[C]renovatingtransport facilities[D]adjusting the age limit for driversText 4If you look at the apps on your phone,chances are you have at least one related to your health—and probably several.Whether it is a mental health app,a fitness tracker,a connected health device or something else,many of us are taking advantage of this technologyto keepbetter track of our health in some shape or form.Recent research from the Organization for the Review of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000 health apps were available on the market, 90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone.While these apps have a great deal to offer,it is not always clear how the personal information we input is collected,safeguarded and shared online.Existing health privacy law, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act,is primarily focused on the way hospitals,doctors'offices,clinics and insurance companies store health records online. The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting typically does not receive the same legalprotections.Without additional protections in place,companies may share (and potentially monetize)personal healthinformationin away consumersmay not have authorized or anticipated. In 2021,Flo Health faced a Federal Trade Commission(FTC)investigation.The FTC alleged in a complaint that "despite express privacy claims,the company took control of users' sensitivity fertility data and shared it with thirdparties."Flo Health and the FTC settled the matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get appusers'express affirmative consent before sharing their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to delete thedata they had obtained.Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against unfair or deceptive acts,meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company's privacy practices are misleading or causeunjustified consumer harm.While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this isAs to the prospects for federal legislation,commentators suggest that comprehensive federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the short term.States have begun implementing their own solutions to shore upprotections for consumer-generated health data.Califomia has been at the forefront of state privacy efforts with the Califomia Consumer Privacy Act of 2018.Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed state consumer dataprivacy legislation.36.The research findings are cited in Paragraph 1 to show[A]the prevalence of health apps[B]the public concem over health[C]the popularity of smartphones[D]the advancement of technology37.What dose the author imply about existing health privacy law?[A]Its coverage needs to be extended.[B]Its enforcement needs strengthening.[C]It has discouraged medical misconduct.[D]It has disappointed insurance companies.38.Before sharing its users'health information,Flo Health is required to[A]seek the approvalof the FTC[B]find qualified third parties[C]remove irrelevant personal data[D]obtain their explicit permission39.What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?[A]The complexity of health information.[B]The rapid increase in new health apps.[C]The subtle deceptiveness ofhealth apps.[D]The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.40.It can be leamed from the last paragraphthat health data protection[A]has been embraced by health app developers[B]has been afocus of federal policy-making[C]hasencountered opposition in Califomia[D]has gainedlegislative support in some statesPart BDirections:Read the following text and choose thebest answer from the right column to complete each of the unfinished statements in the left column.Mark your answers onthe ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)High school students eager to stand out in thecollege application process often participate in a litany of extracurricular activities hoping to bolster their chances of admission a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopeful's extracurricular activities matter more thanthe number of activities he or she participates in.Sue Rexford,the director of college guidance at the Charles.E.Smith Jewish Day School, says it is not necessary for astudent,filing out the Common Application to list 10 activities in the application“No”college will expect that a student has a huge laundry list of extracurricular that they have been passionately involved in each for an tended periodof time,"Rexford wrote in an email Experts say it is tougher to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliated extracurricular activity that is common among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.“The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer,and so if they're going todo a popular activity,I'd say,be thebest at it."says Sara Harherson,a college admission consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independentlyoften impress colleges,experts say.“For example,a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrateskills and potential by starting a profitable small business.”Olivia Valdes,the founde r of Zen Admissionsconsulting firm,wrote in an email.Joseph Adegboyega-Edun,a Maryland High school guidance counselor,says unconventional extracurricular activities can help students,impress college admissions offices,assuming they demonstrated,serious commitment.“Again,since one of the big questions high school seniors must consider is ‘What makes you unique?'having an uncommon,extracurricular activity,a conventional one is an advantage,"he wrote in an email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at least one extracurricular activity can help in the college admissionsprocess,especiallyat top-tier undergraduate institutions.“Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in the admissions process,especially for highly selective institutions,where having top grades and test scores is not enough,"Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wise admissions consultancy, wrote in an email.“Student s need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them to visualize how the student might come and enrich their campus commuity.”Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial,experts suggest.“If you already know your major,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be a big plus,"says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunities with The CabbagePatch Settlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community center.High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through an extracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship,says Erica Gwyn,afomer math and science magnet program assistant at a public high school who is now executive director of the Kaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.答案：41.C 42.E 43.A 44.G 45.BSection II Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colorful vegetables andtempting cheeses,and the buzz of friendly chats,farmers'markets are a feast for the senses.They also provide an opportunity totalk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your local economy and pick up fresh seasonal produce —all at the same time.Farmers'markets are usually weekly or monthly events,most often with outdoor stalls, which allow farmers or producers to selltheir food directly to customers.The size or regularity of marketscan vary from season to season,depending on the area's agricultural calendar,and you're likely to find different produce on sale at different times of the year.By cutting out the middlemen, the farmers secure more profit for their produce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where —and to who—their money is going.参考译文：空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的味道，摊位上挤满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，以及友好聊天的嘈杂声，农贸市场是感官的盛宴(3分)。

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Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)While western governments worry over the threat of Ebola, a more pervasive but far less harm-ful 1 is spreading through their populations like a winter sniffle: mobile personal technology.The similarity between disease organisms and personal devices is 2 . Viruses and other para- sites control larger organisms, 3 resources in order to multiply and spread. Smartphones and other gadgets do the same thing, 4 ever-increasing amounts of human attention and electricity sup- plied 5 wire umbilici.It is tempting to 6 a “strategy”to both phages and phablets, neither of which is sentient. 7 , the process is evolutionary, consisting of many random evolutions, 8 experimented with by manyproduct designers. This makes it all the more powerful.Tech 9 occurs through actively-learnt responses, or “operant conditioning”as animal be haviourists call it. The scientific parallel here also involves a rodent, typically a rat, which occupies a 10 cage called a Skinner Box. The animal is 11 with a food pellet for solving puzzles and punished with an electric shock when it fails.“Are we getting a positive boost of hormones when we 12 look at our phone, seeking re- wards?”asks David Shuker, an animal behaviourist at St Andrews university, sounding a little like a man withholding serious scientific endorsement 13 an idea that a journalist had in the shower. Re- search is needed, he says. Tech tycoons would meanwhile 14 that the popularity of mobile devices is attributed to the brilliance of their designs. This is precisely what people whose thought processes have been 15 by an invasive pseudo-organism would believe.16 , mobile technology causes symptoms less severe than physiological diseases. There are even benefits to 17 sufferers for shortened attention spans and the caffeine overload triggered by visits to Starbucks for the free Wi-Fi. Most importantly, you can 18 the Financial Times in places as remote as Alaska or Sidcup. In this 19 , a mobile device is closer to a symbiotic organism than a parasite. This would make it 20 to an intestinal bacterium that helps a person to stay alive, rather than a virus that may kill you.1. [A] phenomenon [B] epidemic [C] issue [D] event2. [A] striking [B] obscure [C] interesting [D] mysterious3. [A] relying [B] choosing [C] grabbing [D] using4. [A] taking over [B] feeding on [C] catching up [D] allowing for5. [A] with [B] over [C] to [D] via6. [A] point [B] turn [C] attribute [D] prefer7. [A] Instead [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise8. [A] which [B] as [C] that [D] where9. [A] progress [B] term [C] crisis [D] addiction10. [A] dangerous [B] special [C] large [D] funny11. [A] rewarded [B] resisted [C] resumed [D] reversed12. [A] anxiously [B] occasionally [C] happily [D] endlessly13. [A] within [B] from [C] about [D] through14. [A] support [B] approve [C] argue [D] insist15. [A] formed [B] separated [C] classified [D] modified16. [A] Surprisingly [B] Importantly [C] Fortunately [D] Regrettably17. [A] compensate [B] help [C] comfort [D] improve18. [A] share [B] obtain [C] subscribe [D] observe19. [A] part [B] sense [C] level [D] way20. [A] adaptive [B] careful [C] similar [D] captSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Rarely have the Christmas results for Britain’s supermarkets been awaited with such anxiety.Most of them, especially the market leader, Tesco, struggled in 2014. The hard-discount stores, Aldi and Lidl, continued to undercut them, gobbling up market share, while falling food prices ate into their profits.Asda’s boss, Andrew Clarke, has warned of more challenging times ahead. Yet the lesson from these results is clear. Grocers with a clearly defined position in the market will continue to prosper, but for those without one there is more pain to come. Thus Waitrose, for instance, has remained res- olutely and distinctly posh. It has refused to chase the upstart discounters by reducing prices, as mid-market rivals have done.Natalie Berg of Planet Retail, a research organization argues that the key to survival in a fero- ciously competitive groceries market is to offer the customer a brand that is “clear, targeted and con- sistent.”Waitrose, at the top end of the market, does this well, as do Lidl and Aldi at the bottom. The rest are stranded in the middle, trying to be all things to all people. This week, for instance, As da, Sainsbury’s and Tesco announced further price cuts. That might fend off the discounters for a bit. It will also muddy perceptions of who their target customers really are.But it is not all gloom for the supermarkets. A more clement economic environment should help all of them. Tumbling fuel prices and—a novelty, this—rising real wages will put more money in shoppers’pockets. The results also demonstrate that supermarkets are rewarded for a strong inter- net presence. Again, Waitrose has done well here: grocery sales through its online service grew by 26% over the Christmas period compared with a year ago. Most of the supermarkets are trying out new digital gizmos to make shopping easier. Waitrose is experimenting with a home-scanning de- vice called Hiku. This will allow people to scan barcodes on Waitrose products at home to add them to their online shopping basket.There are grounds for optimism even at Tesco, argues Bryan Roberts, an analyst at Kantar Re- tail. For a couple of years its stores in London have done better than those in the rest of the country. Store managers in the capital have enjoyed more autonomy to fill their shelves with products suited to the people who live or work in the local area. Devolution seems simple, but effective.21. Which of the following is NOT Aldi and Lidi have done to most of Britain’s supermarkets?[A] Undercut them.[B] Ate into their profits.[C] Gobbled up their market share.[D] Made their food costs increase.22. The clear lessen in Paragraph 2 means grocers should _______ .[A] chase the upstart discounters[B] have target market[C] reduce prices[D] have middle-market rivals23. We can learn from Paragraph 3 that _______ .[A] Asda is at the top end of the market[B] Lidi and Aldi are in the middle of the market[C] Waitrose will muddy its target customers[D] Tesco is stranded in the middle of the market24. The word “gizmos”(Para. 4) probably means _______ .[A] technologies [B] means[C] devices [D] products25. It can be concluded from the last paragraph that _______ .[A] devolution is an effective way to increase sales[B] there is no reason for Tesco to be pessimistic[C] Tesco should merge its stores in the rest of the country[D] Tesco’s stores in London miss local trendsText 2For the past few months, artificial intelligence (AI) has been a much talked about topic in the worlds of both pop culture and science. Last November saw the release of Oscar-nominated and winning biopic, “The Imitation Game”, about the father of the modern computer, Alan Turing. Last month, another Hollywood film about clever robots, Chappie, hit theaters.Is artificial intelligence a boon or does it spell doom for humans? In their book, authors Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, both of whom hail from MIT, US, could barely hide their excite- ment toward the rise of machines.According to the authors, we are entering an age of accelerated development of artificial and robotic technology. “Digital machines have escaped their narrow confines and started to demonstrate broad abilities in pattern recognition, complex communication, and other domains that used to be exclusively human,” write the authors. “We’ve recently seen great progress in natural language pro- cessing, machine learning, computer vision, simultaneous localization and mapping, and many other areas.“We’re going to see artificial intelligence do more and more, and as this happens costs will go down, outcomes will improve, and our lives will get better.”Already AI can help blind people see and deaf people hear. And wheelchairs have been invented that can be controlled by thoughts. We are going to witness more innovations and wonders made possible by AI, according to the authors.However, not all are equally enthusiastic about AI. A February report from the Global Chal- lenges Foundation listed AI, alongside extreme climate change, nuclear war and ecological catastro- phe, as “risks that threaten human civilization”. Many preeminent scientists share the same concern. Stephen Hawking told the BBC last December that “the development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.” “It would take off on its own, and redesign itself at an ever increasing rate,” he said: “Humans, who are limited by slow biological evolution, couldn’t compete, and would be replaced.”Hawking’s worry echoed that of Tesla and SpaceX boss Elon Musk, who said in last October at an MIT conference that “we should be very careful about artificial intelligence. If I had to guess at what our biggest existential threat is, it’s probably that”.26. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that “The Imitation Game”_______ .[A] is a science fiction movie[B] is not a Hollywood film[C] won Oscar-nomination[D] is about clever robots27. Which is NOT the ability of digital machines, according to Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee?[A] Natural language processing. [B] Intelligence production.[C] Fingerprint recognition. [D] Simultaneous localization.28. It cannot be inferred that artificial intelligence will _______ .[A] complete more chores[B] help cut down costs[C] help deaf people hear[D] control people’s thought29. According to Stephen Hawking, _______ .[A] AI is one of the risks that threaten human civilization[B] the development of AI cannot threaten human race[C] AI might be substituted for humans in the future[D] AI would redesign itself at a slow rate30. A suitable title for this text would be _______ .[A] Bleak Future of AI[B] Digital Future: Uncertain[C] Bright Future of Digital Machines[D] Doom for Humans in the FutureText 3In his “Odyssey”, Homer immortalized the idea of resisting temptation by having the protago nist tied to the mast of his ship, to hear yet not succumb to the beautiful, dangerous songs of the Sirens. Researchers have long been intrigued as to whether this ability to avoid, or defer, gratifica- tion is related to outcomes in life. The best-known test is the “marshmallow” experiment, in which children who could refrain from eating the confection for 15 minutes were given a second one. Chil- dren who could not wait tended to have lower incomes and poorer health as adults. New research suggests that kids who are unable to delay rewards are also more likely to become criminals later.Recently, four researchers used data from a Swedish survey in which more than 13,000 children aged 13 were asked whether they would prefer to receive $140 now or $1,400 in five years’ time. About four-fifths of them said they were prepared to wait.Unlike previous researchers, the authors were able to track all the children and account for their parental background and cognitive ability. They found that the 13-year-olds who wanted the smaller sum of money at once were 32% more likely to be convicted of a crime during the next 18 years than those children who said they would rather wait for the bigger reward. Individuals who are impatient, they believe, prefer instant benefits and are therefore less likely to be deterred by potential punish- ments.But those who fret that a person’s criminal path is set already as a teenager should not despair. The four researchers offer a remedy. When the respondents’ education was included in the analysis, they found that higher educational attainment was linked to a preference for delayed gratification.Educational attainment and patience are related either because patience helps students to do better or because schooling makes people more likely to postpone rewards. Fortunately, there is evidence in support of the latter theory. Francisco Perez-Arce of the RAND Corporation, a think-tank, interviewed around 2,000 applicants for Mexican universities. The students had similar credentials but some obtained admission through a lottery to a university that did notcharge tuition fees, where- as the rest had to apply elsewhere. As a result, a higher proportion of lottery-winners than losers went to college. After a year, Mr. Perez-Arce found, the lottery-winners were more patient than the losers. Since the process was random, he concluded that higher education can make people place more weight on the future.31. The “marshmallow” experiment is a test about_______ .[A] accepting temptation[B] avoiding outcomes[C] deferring gratification[D] eating the confection32. All of the following make the new research differ from the previous ones EXCEPT _______ .[A] the researchers tracked all the subjects[B] the researchers surveyed a much wider range of children[C] the researchers explained the children’s parental background[D] the researchers considered the parents’ cognitive a bility33. It is believed that individuals who are impatient_______ .[A] tend to get benefits at once[B] are able to delay rewards[C] would rather wait for the bigger reward[D] are probably deterred by potential punishments34 . People who fret that a person ’ s criminal path is set already can take the remedial action of _______ .[A] keeping healthy[B] attaining higher incomes[C] receiving higher education[D] avoiding punishments35. It is concluded that educational attainment and patience are related because_______ .[A] patience helps students to do better[B] gratification is delayed by receiving higher education[C] schooling makes people less likely to postpone rewards[D] higher education can make people value the future moreText 4Ever since Muzak started serenading patrons of hotels and restaurants in the 1930s, piped-in music has been part of the consumer experience. Without the throb of a synthesiser or a guitar’s twang, shoppers would sense something missing as they tried on jeans or filled up trolleys. Special- ists like Mood Media, which bought Muzak in 2011, devise audio programmes to influence the feel of shops and cater to customers’ tastes. The idea is to entertain, and thereby prolong the time shop-pe rs spend in stores, says Claude Nahon, the firm’s international chief. Music by famous artists works better than the generic stuff that people associate with Muzak. The embarrassing brand name was dropped in 2013.Online shopping is an under-explored area of merchandising musicology. A new study commis- sioned by eBay, a shopping website, aims to correct that. Some 1,900 participants were asked to simulate online shopping while listening to different sounds. Some results wereunsurprising. The noise of ro adworks and crying babies soured shoppers’ views of the products on offer. Chirruping birds encouraged sales of barbecues but not blenders or board games.Sounds associated with quality and luxury seemed to be hazardous for shoppers’wallets. The study found classical music and restaurant buzz caused them to overestimate the quality of goods on offer and to pay more than they should. That backs up earlier research which found that shoppers ex- posed to classical music in a wine store bought more expensive bottles than those hearing pop.EBay wants consumers to avoid such unhealthy influences when shopping online. It has blend- ed birdsong, dreamy music and the sound of a rolling train—thought to be pleasant but not overly se- ductive—to help them buy more sensibly. Retailers could presumably counter by turning up the Chopin. “Classical music does seem to be the way to go” if your only interest is the narrow one of squeezing as much money as possible from your clientele, says the study’s author, Patrick Fagan, a lecturer at Goldsmiths, part of the University of London.Few trad itional shops are likely to use that tactic. H&M, a clothes retailer, airs “trendy, up-tempo”music from new artists, while Nespresso’s coffee boutiques go for “lounge-y”sounds, says Mr. Nahon. Grocery stores, with a broad following, play top 40 hits. The tempo tends to be slower in the mornings, when shoppers are sparser and older, and becomes more quick and lively as the day goes on.36. The brand name Muzak was dropped in 2013 because it _______ .[A] was outdated[B] was bought by Mood Media in 2011[C] was often associated with generic music[D] entertained customers better37. The sound of _______may increase sales of board games_______ .[A] roadworks[B] crying babies[C] chirruping birds[D] classic music38. The word “hazardous”(Para. 3) probably means_______ .[A] safe [B] dangerous[C] helpful [D] lucky39. The sound which helps customers buy more sensibly_______ .[A] belongs to classical music[B] includes the sound of a rolling train[C] sounds noisy and unpleasant[D] is overly seductive40. It can be inferred that a fashion shop should play________to attract customers.[A] trendy and up-tempo music[B] “lounge-y”music[C] slow and tender music[D] quick and lively musicPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to itscorrespond- ing information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your an- swers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A Picasso painting valued at about $140 million is the centerpiece of a new type of auction at Christie’s, combining Modern and contemporary artworks spanning 100 years, that will kick-start its postwar and contemporary sales in New York in May.Scheduled for May 11, “Looking Forward to the Past”is an evening sale of about 25 lots orga- nized by Loic Gouzer, of Christie’s postwar and contemporary art department. Mr. Gouzer was also the specialist responsible for Christie’s much-hyped “If I Live I’ll See You Tuesday” auction of 35 works by fashionable contemporary names, which raised $134.6 million last May.“Traditionally, people would start by collecting Impressionist and Modern art, and then gradu- ally turn to contemporary,”Mr. Gouzer said. “Recently, we’re seeing the contrary. Collectors start with contemporary, and then they start to look for other works that have quality, relevance and fresh- ness.”Picasso, who died at 91 in 1973, has nevertheless traditionally been included in auctions of Im- pressionist and Modern art. But Christie’s said that the broadening client base at the week of con- temporary art sales in New York was crucial in persuading an unidentified seller to come forward w ith Picasso’s 1955 canvas “Les Femmes d’Alger (Version ‘O’),” around which the auction house fashioned its “Looking Forward to the Past” sale. Inspired by Eugene Delacroix’s 1834 Orientalist masterpiece, “Women of Algiers,” this was one of a number of work s Picasso produced in the 1950s and 1960s in response to earlier artists he admired. This particular painting was last seen on the mar- ket in November 1997, when it was bought by the London dealer Libby Howie, on the behalf of a client, for $31.9 million at Christie’s auction from the collection of the Americans Victor and Sally Ganz.Christie’s new valuation of about $140 million on this superior Picasso ranks as one of the highest estimates ever put on an artwork at auction. Francis Bacon’s “Three Studies of Lucian Freud,”which sold for a record $142.4 million at Christie’s in November 2013, carried a presale es timate of more than $85 million. Christie’s has guaranteed the seller of “Les Femmes d’Alger (Ver sion ‘O’)” an undisclosed minimum price. It would not specify whether this guarantee had been funded by the auction house or by a third party.Last week, Mr. Gouzer posted an image of a 1938 Picasso painting of Dora Maar on Instagram. That work will be in his sale with an estimate of more than $50 million. But there areSection ⅢTranslation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)Jobs’ genius for creating products and his marketing talent have long been hailed. All of that comes through in Becoming Steve Jobs, Schlender’s and Tetzeli’s new book.They contend that Jobs was a far more complex and interesting man than the half-genius / half-jerk stereotype, and a good part of their book is an attempt to craft a more rounded portrait. What makes their book important is that they also contend—persuasively, I believe—that, the stereotype notwithstanding, he was not the same man in his prime that he had been at the beginning of his career. The inexperienced, impulsive, arrogant youth who co-founded Apple was very differ-ent from the mature and thoughtful man who returned to his struggling creation and turned it into a company that made breathtaking products while becoming the dominant technology company of our time. Had he not changed, they write, he would not have succeeded.Section ⅣWritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you are applying for a volunteer for an international conference. Write an email to the committee to1) express your interest to be the volunteer, and2) show your skills that will help you for the volunteering. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on the ANSWE SHEET. (15 points)。

2022年考研英语二真题解析估分(完整版)完形填空下列每小题的四个选项中，只有-项是最符合题意的正确答案,多选、错选或不选均不得分。

根据以下材料,回答1-20题Harlan Coben believes that if you're a writer ,you'll find the time; and that if you'll can't find the time,then writing isn't a priority and you're not a writer.For him writing is _ 1_job-a job like any other. He has_ 2_ it with plumbing. Pointing out that plumber doesn't wake up and say that he can't woer with pipes today._3 _, like most writers these days, you're holding down a job to pay the bills,it's not_ 4_ to find thetime to write.But it's not impossible. It require determination and Single-mindedness。

5_ that most bestselling authors began writing who are fairly__ 6 often have to do other work to_ 7__ their writing income. .As Halan Coben has suggested, it's a_ 8 _of priorities.To make writing a priority，you'll hace to_ _ 9 _some of your day-to-day activities and some thing you really enjoy. Depengding on your_ 10_and deyouer lifestyle.that might mean spending less time watching television pr listening to music,though some people can write_ 11_ they listen to music. You might have to_12_the amountof exercise orsport you do. You'll have to make social media an_ 13_ activity rather than a daily,time-consuming__ 14 .There'll probably hate to be less ;socializing with your friends an less time with youerfamily。

2024年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)Section I Use ofEnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Your social life is defined as 'the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are not working'.It's important to have a social life,but what'sright for one person won't be right for another.Some of us feel energised by spending lotsof time with others,_ some of us may feel drained,even if it's doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a 2 in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not 3 others,can make you feel lonely and 4 .Loneliness is known to impact onyour mental health and 5 a low mood.Anyone can feellonely at any time.This might be especially true if, 6 you are working from home and you are 7 onthe social conversations that happen in an office.Other lifechanges also 8 periods of loneliness too, such as retirement,changingjobs or becoming a parent.It's important to recognise these feelings of loneliness.There are ways to 9 a social life.But it be overwhelming 10 .It's a great idea to start by thinking about hobbies you enjoy.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be able to meet 11 people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to 12 anew sport for the first time or networking eventsfor those in the same profession to meet upand 13 ideas.On the other hand,it is 14 possible to havetoo much of a social life.If you feel like you're always doing something and there is never any 15 in your calendar for downtime, you could suffer social bumout or social 16 .We all have our own social limit and it's important to recognise when you're feeling like it's all too much.Low mood,low energy, irritability and trouble sleeping could all be 17 of poor social health.Make sure you 18 some time in your diary when you're 19 for socialising and use this time to relax, 20 andrecover.1.[A]because [B]unless [C]whereas [D]until2.[A]contrast [B]balance [C]link[D]gap3.[A]seeing [B]pleasing [C]judging [D]teaching4.[A]misguided [B]surprised [C]spoiled [D]disconnected5.[A]contribute to [B]rely on [C]interfere with [D]go against6.[A]in fact [B]of course [C]for example [D]on average7.[A]cutting back [B]missing out [C]breaking in [D]looking out8.[A]shorten [B]trigger [C]follow [D]interupt9.[A]assess [B]interpret [C]provide [D]regain10.[A]at first [B]in tum [C]on time [D]by chance11.[A]far-sighted [B]strong-willed [C]kind-hearted [D]like-minded12.[A]try [B]promote [C]watch [D]describe13.[A]test [B]share [C]accept [D]revise14.[A]already [B]thus [C]also [D]only15.[A]visit [B]order [C]space [D]boundary16.[A]fatigue [B]criticism [C]injustice [D]dilemma17.[A]sources [B]standards [C]signs [D]scores18.[A]take over [B]wipe off [C] add up[D]mark out19.[A]ungrateful [B]unavailable [C]responsible [D]regretful20.[A]react [B]repeat [C]return [D]restSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark youranswerson the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Anger over AI's role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technology's future.In her new bookCogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at Cambridge University,argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress.“Whatever we mean by the economy growing,by things getting better, the gains will have to bemoreevenly shared than in the recent past,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,with middle-income jobs undercut by automation, will not be politically sustainable.”Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,says Coyle.But people can't be expected to embracethe changes if they're not seeing the benefits—if they're just seeing goodjobs being destroyed.In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that tech's inequality problem could bea roadblock todeploying AI.“We're talking about disruption,”she says.“These are transformative technologies that change theways we spend our time every day, that change business models that succeed."To make such“tremendous changes,"she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmeringamong many asthe benefits are perceived to go to elites in a handful of prosperous cities.According to the BrookingsInstitution,a short listof eight Americancities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly 38%of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies are particularly concentrated:Brookings's Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account for two-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States (San Francisco and San Jose alone account for about one-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographical disparities in wealth will continue to soar.Not only will this foster political andsocial unrest,but it could,as Coyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining the AI agenda.That willlikely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muroand others have suggested hefty federal funding tohelp create USregional innovation centers,for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies that don't simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts ofthe country care most about,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues in her new book that economic growth should[A]giverise toinnovation[B]diversify career choices[C]benefit people equally[D]be promoted forcefully22.According to paragraph 2,digital technology should be useful to[A]bring about instant prosperity[B]reducepeople's workload[C]raise overall work efficiencyD]enhance croSs-sector cooperation23.What does Coyle fearabout ransformative technology?[A]They may affect work-lifebalance.[B]They may be impractical to deploy.[C]They may incur huge expenditure.[D]They may be unwecome tothe public.24.Several American cities are mentioned to show[A]the uneven distribution of AI technologies in the US[B]the disappointing prospect of tech jobs in the US[C]the fast progress of US regional economies[D]the increasingsignificance of US AI assets25.With regard to Coyle concern,the author suggests[A]raising funds to start new AI projects[B]encouraging collaboration in AI research[C]guarding against the side effects of AI[D]redefining the role of AItechnologiesText 2The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas wamed.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the country's reliance on timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for futuregenerations.Currently only 20 percent of the UK's wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the second-largest net importer of timber in the world.Coming at a time offresh incentives from the UK govemment for landowners to grow more trees,the trade body says thesedon't go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timber supplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisis because of failure to plant trees to produce wood.”said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."For decades wehave not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply,leaving us exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grownwood in England isonly around 25 percent.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to the UK's net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continuesto be on food production and the rewinding andplanting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add: “While food production and biodiversity are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of wood for construction,manufacturing and contribute to net zero.“While the UK government has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action on the ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind those aspirations to ensure we have enough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be learmed from paragraph I thattheUK needsto[A]increase its domesticwood supply[B]reduce its demand for timber[C]lower its wood production costsD]lift its control on timber imports27.According to Confor,the UK government's fresh incentives[A]can hardly address construction crisis[B]are believed to come at the wrong time[C]seemto bemisleading for landowners[D]will be costlyto put into practice28.The UK's exposure to fluctuational wood prices is a result of[A]govenment's inaction on timber imports[B]inadequate investmentin growing wood[C]competiton oftimber traders at home[D]wood products motive to maximise profits29.Which of the following causes the shortage of wood supply in UK?[A]excessive timber consumption in construction[B]unfavorable conditions for growing trees[C]outdated technology for woodproductionD]farmers'unwillingness to plant trees30.What does Goodall think UK govenment should do?[A]Subsidise the building of low-carbon homes.[B]Pay attention torural economy.[C]Provide more support for tree planting.[D]Give priority to pursue net-zero strategyText 3Onebig challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road isconvincing them that it is time to tum over the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops—or is forced to stop—driving,said former risk manager Anne M.Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physician's advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,Menke wrote.“Some states require physicians to report, others allow but do not mandate reports,while a few consider a report breach of confidentiality. There could be liability and penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality"she counseled.Part ofthe problem in keepingolder drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piecemeal by different professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan. “There's not a National Institute of Older Driver Studies,"she said.“We need better evidence on what makesdrivers unsafe”andwhat can help,said Dugan.One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal. Mandatory in-person renewal was associated with a31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be nobenefit from combining the two.Many old drivers don't see eye doctors or can't afford to.Primary care providers have their hands full and may not be able to follow throughwith patients who have trouble driving because they can'tturn their heads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and haven't changed their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily,As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars won't solve the problems of crashes,said Dugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those humandrivers would require to many algorithms,she said.But we need to domore to improve safety,said Dugan.“If we're going to have 100-year lives,we need cars thata 90-year-old can drive comfortably.”31.According to Paragraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road[A]is a new safety measure[B]has become a disputed issue[C]can be a tough task to completeD]will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice[A]has won support from drivers[B]is generally considered unrealistic[C]is wide dismissed as unnecessary[D]has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,efforts to keep older drivers safe[A]have broughtabout big changes[B]need to be well coordinated[C]have gained public concen[D]call forrelevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to[A]stick with bad driving habits[B]have a weakened memory[C]suffer from chronic pains[D]neglect car maintenance35.Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in[A]upgrading self-driving vehicle[B]developing senior-friendly cars[C]renovatingtransport facilities[D]adjusting the age limit for driversText 4If you look at the apps on your phone,chances are you have at least one related to your health—and probably several.Whether it is a mental health app,a fitness tracker,a connected health device or something else,many of us are taking advantage of this technologyto keepbetter track of our health in some shape or form.Recent research from the Organization for the Review of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000 health apps were available on the market, 90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone.While these apps have a great deal to offer,it is not always clear how the personal information we input is collected,safeguarded and shared online.Existing health privacy law, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act,is primarily focused on the way hospitals,doctors'offices,clinics and insurance companies store health records online. The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting typically does not receive the same legalprotections.Without additional protections in place,companies may share (and potentially monetize)personal healthinformationin away consumersmay not have authorized or anticipated. In 2021,Flo Health faced a Federal Trade Commission(FTC)investigation.The FTC alleged in a complaint that "despite express privacy claims,the company took control of users' sensitivity fertility data and shared it with thirdparties."Flo Health and the FTC settled the matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get appusers'express affirmative consent before sharing their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to delete thedata they had obtained.Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against unfair or deceptive acts,meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company's privacy practices are misleading or causeunjustified consumer harm.While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this isAs to the prospects for federal legislation,commentators suggest that comprehensive federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the short term.States have begun implementing their own solutions to shore upprotections for consumer-generated health data.Califomia has been at the forefront of state privacy efforts with the Califomia Consumer Privacy Act of 2018.Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed state consumer dataprivacy legislation.36.The research findings are cited in Paragraph 1 to show[A]the prevalence of health apps[B]the public concem over health[C]the popularity of smartphones[D]the advancement of technology37.What dose the author imply about existing health privacy law?[A]Its coverage needs to be extended.[B]Its enforcement needs strengthening.[C]It has discouraged medical misconduct.[D]It has disappointed insurance companies.38.Before sharing its users'health information,Flo Health is required to[A]seek the approvalof the FTC[B]find qualified third parties[C]remove irrelevant personal data[D]obtain their explicit permission39.What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?[A]The complexity of health information.[B]The rapid increase in new health apps.[C]The subtle deceptiveness ofhealth apps.[D]The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.40.It can be leamed from the last paragraphthat health data protection[A]has been embraced by health app developers[B]has been afocus of federal policy-making[C]hasencountered opposition in Califomia[D]has gainedlegislative support in some statesPart BDirections:Read the following text and choose thebest answer from the right column to complete each of the unfinished statements in the left column.Mark your answers onthe ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)High school students eager to stand out in thecollege application process often participate in a litany of extracurricular activities hoping to bolster their chances of admission a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopeful's extracurricular activities matter more thanthe number of activities he or she participates in.Sue Rexford,the director of college guidance at the Charles.E.Smith Jewish Day School, says it is not necessary for astudent,filing out the Common Application to list 10 activities in the application“No”college will expect that a student has a huge laundry list of extracurricular that they have been passionately involved in each for an tended periodof time,"Rexford wrote in an email Experts say it is tougher to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliated extracurricular activity that is common among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.“The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer,and so if they're going todo a popular activity,I'd say,be thebest at it."says Sara Harherson,a college admission consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independentlyoften impress colleges,experts say.“For example,a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrateskills and potential by starting a profitable small business.”Olivia Valdes,the founde r of Zen Admissionsconsulting firm,wrote in an email.Joseph Adegboyega-Edun,a Maryland High school guidance counselor,says unconventional extracurricular activities can help students,impress college admissions offices,assuming they demonstrated,serious commitment.“Again,since one of the big questions high school seniors must consider is ‘What makes you unique?'having an uncommon,extracurricular activity,a conventional one is an advantage,"he wrote in an email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at least one extracurricular activity can help in the college admissionsprocess,especiallyat top-tier undergraduate institutions.“Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in the admissions process,especially for highly selective institutions,where having top grades and test scores is not enough,"Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wise admissions consultancy, wrote in an email.“Student s need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them to visualize how the student might come and enrich their campus commuity.”Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial,experts suggest.“If you already know your major,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be a big plus,"says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunities with The CabbagePatch Settlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community center.High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through an extracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship,says Erica Gwyn,afomer math and science magnet program assistant at a public high school who is now executive director of the Kaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.答案：41.C 42.E 43.A 44.G 45.BSection II Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colorful vegetables andtempting cheeses,and the buzz of friendly chats,farmers'markets are a feast for the senses.They also provide an opportunity totalk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your local economy and pick up fresh seasonal produce —all at the same time.Farmers'markets are usually weekly or monthly events,most often with outdoor stalls, which allow farmers or producers to selltheir food directly to customers.The size or regularity of marketscan vary from season to season,depending on the area's agricultural calendar,and you're likely to find different produce on sale at different times of the year.By cutting out the middlemen, the farmers secure more profit for their produce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where —and to who—their money is going.参考译文：空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的味道，摊位上挤满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，以及友好聊天的嘈杂声，农贸市场是感官的盛宴(3分)。

2024年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blankandmark A,B,Cor D ontheANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Your social life is defined as 'the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are not working'.It's important to have a social life,but what's right for one person won't be right for another.Some of us feel energised by spending lots of time with others, some of us may feel drained,evenif it's doing something we enjoyThis is why finding a 2 in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not 3 others,can make youfeel lonely and 4 .Loneliness is known to impact onyourmental health and 5a lowmood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.Thismight be especially true if, 6 you are working from home and you are 7 on the social conversations that happen in an office.Other life changes also 8 periods of loneliness too, such as retirement,changingjobs or becoming aparent.It's important to recognise these feelings of loneliness.There are ways to 9 a social life.But it be overwhelming 10 .It's a great idea to start by thinking about hobbies you enjoy.You canthen find groups and activities related to those where you will be able to meet_ 11 people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to 12 anew sport for the first time or networkingeventsfor those in the same profession tomeetupand 13 ideas.On the other hand,it is 14 possible to have too much of a social life.If you feel like you're always doing something and there is never any 15 in your calendar for downtime, you could suffer social bumout or social 6 .We all have our own social limit and it's important to recognise when you're feeling like it's all too much.Low mood,low energy, irritability and trouble sleeping could all be 17 of poor social health.Make sure you 18 _some time in your diary when you're 19 for socialising and use this time to relax, 20 and recover.1.[A]because [B]unless [C]whereas[D]until2.[A]contrast [B]balance[C]link D]gap3.[A]seeing [B]pleasing [C]judging [D]teaching4.[A]misguided [B]surprised [C]spoiled [D]disconnected5. [A]contribute to[B]rely on [C]interferewith [D]go against6.[A]in fact [B]of course [C]for example[D]on average7.[A]cutting back [B]missing out[C]breaking in [D]looking out8.[A]shorten [B]trigger[C]follow D]interrup9.[A]assess [B]interpret [C]provide [D]regain10. [A]at first[B]in turn [C]ontime D]by chance11.[A]far-sighted [B]strong-willed [C]kind-hearted [D]like-minded12.[A]try[B]promote [C]watch [D]describe13.[A]test [B]share[C]accept [D]revise14.[A]already [B]thus [C]also D]only15.[A]visit [B]order [C]space[D]boundary16. [A]fatigue[B]criticism [C]injustice [D]dilemma17.[A]sources [B]standards [C]signs[D]scores18.[A]take over [B]wipe off [C]add up [D]mark out19.[A]ungrateful [B]unavailable[C]responsible [D]regretful20.[A]react [B]repeat [C]return [D]restSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Anger over AI's role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technology's future.In her new book Cogsand Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at Cambridge University,argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress.“Whatever we mean by the economy growing,by things getting better, the gains will haveto bemoreevenlyshared than in the recent past,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionairesand gig workers,withmiddle-income jobs undercut byautomation will not be politically sustainable.”Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for morepeople will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,says Coyle.But people can't be expected to embrace the changes if they're not seeing the benefits—if they're justseeinggoodjobs being destroyedIn a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that tech's inequality problem could bea roadblock to deploying AL.“We're talking about disruption,”she says.“These are transfomative technolog ies that change the ways wespend our time every day, that change business models that succeed.”To make such “tremendous changes,”she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmeringamong many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites ina handful of prosperous cities.Acording to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly 38%of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies are particularly concentrated:Brookings's Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account for two-thirds of theAI assets and capabilities in the United States (San Francisco and San Jose alone account for about one-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographical disparities in wealth will continueto soar.Not only will this foster political andsocial unrest,but it could,as Coyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies togrow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech hason defining the AI agenda.That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muro and others have suggested hefty federal funding to helpcreate US regional innovation centers,for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies that don't simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts ofthecountry care most about,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues in her new book that economic growth should[A]giverise toinnovation[B]diversifycareerchoices[C]benefit people equallyD]be promoted forcefully22.According to paragraph 2,digital technology should be useful to[A]bring about instant prosperity[B]reduce people's workload[C]raise overall work efficiencyD]enhance cross-sector coopertion23.What doesCoyle fear about transformative technology?[A]They may affect work-life balance.[B]They may be impracticalto deploy.[C]They may incurhuge expenditure.D]They may be unwelcome to the public24.Several American cities are mentioned to show[A]the uneven distributionof AI technologiesin the US[B]the disappointing prospect of tech jobs inthe US[C]the fast progress of US regional economies[D]the increasing significance of US AI assets25.With regard to Coyle concem,the author suggests[A]raising funds to start new AI projects[B]encouraging collaboration in AI research[C]guarding against the sideeffects of AI[D]redefining the role of AItechnologiesText 2The UK is facinga future construction crisis because ofa failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas wamed.The forestryand wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the country's reliance on timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for futuregenerations.Curently only 20 percent of the UK's wood requirement is home-grown while it remains thesecond-largest net importer of timber in the world.Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK govermment for landowners to grow more trees,the trade body says these don't go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them toboost timber supplies."Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisis because of failure to plant trees to produce wood."said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."For decadeswe have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply,leavingus exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future suppliesof wood as global demand risesand our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes andis a global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grownwood in England is onlyaround 25 percentWhile productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to the UK's net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continues to be on food production and the rewinding and planting ofnative woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add: “While food production and biodiversity areclearly of critical importance,we need our land to also providesecure supplies of wood for construction,manufacturing andcontribute to net zero.While the UK government has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there hasbeen little action on the ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind those aspirations to ensurewe have enough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be leamed from paragraph I that the UK needs to[A]increase its domestic wood supply[B]reduceits demand for timber[C]lower its wood production costs[D]lift its control on timber imports27.According to Confor,the UK govemment's freshincentives[A]can hardly address construction crisis[B]are believed to come at the wrong time[C]seem to be misleading for landowners[D]willbe costly to put into practice28.The UK's exposure to fluctuational wood prices is a result of[A]government's inaction on timber imports[B]inadequate investment in growing wood[C]competition of timber traders at home[D]wood products motive to maximise profits29.Whichof the following causes the shortage of wood supply in UK?[A]excessivetimber consumption inconstruction[B]unfavorable conditions for growing trees[C]outdated technology for wood production[D]farmers'unwillingness to plant trees30.What does Goodallthink UK govemment should do?[A]Subsidise the building of low-carbonhomes.[B]Pay attention to rural economy.[C]Provide more support for tree planting[D]Give priority to pursue net-zero strategy.Text 3Onebig challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it is time to tum over the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops—or is forced to stop—diving,said former risk manager Anne M.Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physician's advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,Menke wrote."Some states require physiciansto report, others allow but donot mandate reports,while a few consider a report breach of confidentiality. There could be liability and penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality”she counseled.Part ofthe problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piecemeal by different professions withdifferent focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan. “There's not a National Institute of Older Driver Studies,"she said.“Weneedbetter evidence on what makes drivers unsafe"and what can help,said DuganOne thing that does seem to workis requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal. Mandatory in-personrenewal was associated with a31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 orolder,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for thosedrivers,although there appeared to be nobenefit from combining the two.Many old divers don't see eye doctors or can't afford to.Primarycare providers have their hands full and may notbe able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they can't tumtheir heads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and havent changed their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily,As long asthere are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars won't solve the problems of crashes,said Dugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those human divers would require to many algorithms,she said.But we need to do more to improve safety,s aid Dugan.“If we're going to have 100-year lives,we need cars that a90-year-old can drive comfortably.”31.According toParagraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road[A]is a new safety measure[B]hasbecome a disputed issue[C]can be a toughtask to complete[D]will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice[A]has won support from drivers[B]is generally considered unrealistic[C]is wide dismissed as unnecessary[D]has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,effortsto keep older drivers safe[A]have brought about big changes[B]need to bewell coordinated[C]havegained publicconcern[D]call for relevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to[A]stick with bad driving habits[B]have aweakened memory[C]suffer fromchronic pains[D]neglect car maintenance35.Duganthinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in[A]upgrading self-driving vehicle[B]developing senior-friendlycars[C]renovating transport facilities[D]adjusting the age limit for driversText 4If you look at the apps on your phone,chances are you have at least one related to your health—and probably several.Whether it is a mental health app,a fitness tracker,a connectedhealth device or something else,many of us are taking advantage of this technology tokeep better track of our health in some shape or fom.Recent research from the Organization for the Review of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000 health apps were available on the market, 90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone.While these apps have a great deal to offer,it is not always clear how the personal information we input is collected,safeguarded and shared online.Existing health privacy law, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act,is primarily focused on the way hospitals,doctors'ofices,clinics and insurance companies store health records online. The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting typically does not receive the same legalprotections.Without additional protections in place,companies may share (and potentially monetize)personal health information in a way consumersmay not have authorized oranticipated. In2021,Flo Health faced a Federal Trade Commission(FTC)investigation.The FTC alleged in a complaint that "despite express privacy claims,the company took control of users' sensitivity fertility data and shared it with third parties.”"Flo Health andthe FTC settled the matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get app users'express affirmative consent before sharing their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to delete the data they had obtained.Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against unfair or deceptive acts,meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company's privacy practices are misleadingor causeunjustified consumer harm.While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rateat which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this is.As to the prospects for federal legislation,commentators suggest thatcomprehensive federal privacy legislation seemsunlikely in the short term.States have begun implementing their own solutionsto shore up protections for consumer-generated healthdata.Califomia has been at the forefront of state privacyefforts with theCalifomia Consumer Privacy Act of 2018.Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed state consumer data privacy legislation36.The research findings are cited in Paragraph 1 to show[A]the prevalence of health apps[B]the public concen over health[C]the popularity of smartphonesD]theadvancement of technology37.What dose the author imply about existing health privacy law?[A]Its coverage needs to be extended[B]Its enforcement needs strengthening[C]It has discouraged medical misconduct.[D]It has disappointedinsurance companies.38.Before sharing itsusers'health information.Flo Health is required to[A]seek the approval of theFTC[B]find qualified third parties[C]remove irrelevant personal dataD]obtain their explicit permission39.What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?[A]Thecomplexity of health information[B]The rapid increase in newhealth apps[C]The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.[D]The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.40.It can be leamed from the last paragraph that health data protection[A]has been embraced by health app developers[B]has been a focus of federal policy-making[C]hasencounteredopposition in CalifomiaD]has gained legislative support in some statesPart BDirections:Read the following text and choose the best answer from the right column to complete each of the unfinished statements in the left column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)High school students eagerto stand out in the college application process often participate in a litany of extracurricular activities hoping to bolster their chances of admission a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopeful's extracurricular activities matter more than the number of activities he or she participates in Sue Rexford,the director of collegeguidance at the Charles.E.Smith Jewish Day School, saysit is not necessary for a student,flling out the Common Application tolist 10 activities in the application“No”college will expect that a student has a huge laundry list of extracurricular that they have beenpassionately involved in each foran tended period of time,"Rexford wrote in an email.Experts say it is tougher to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliated extracurricular activity that is common among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.“The competition to standout and make an impact is going to be much stiffer,and so if they're going todo a popular activity,I'd say,be the best at it.”says Sara Harhe rson,a college admission consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independently often impress colleges,experts say.“For example,a student withan interest in entrepreneurship could de monstrateskills and potential by starting a profitable small business.”Olivia Valdes,the founder of Zen Admissions consulting firm,wrotein an emailJosephAdegboyega-Edun,a Maryland High school guidance counselor,says unconventional, extracurricular activities can help students,impress college admissionsoffices,assuming they demonstrated,serious commitment.“Again,sinceone of the big questions high school seniors must consider is ‘What makesyou unique?'having an uncommon,extracurricular activity,a conventional oneisan advantage,"hewrote in an email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at least one extracurricular activity canhelp in the college admissionsprocess,especially at top-tier undergraduate institutions.“Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in the admissions process,especially for highly selective institutions,where having top grades and test scores is not enough,"Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wiseadmissions consultancy, wrote in an email.“Student s need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them to visualize how the student might come and enrich their campus community.”Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial,experts suggest.“Ifyou already know your major,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be a big plus,"says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunities with The Cabbage Patch Settlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community center.High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through an extracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship,says Erica Gwyn,afomer math and science magnet program assistant at a public high schoolwho is now executive directo of the Kaleidoscope Careers Academyin Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.答案：41.C 42.E 43.A 44.G 45.BSection III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colorful vegetables and tempting cheeses,and the buzz of friendly chats,farmers³markets are a feast for the senses.They also provide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your local economy and pick up fresh seasonal produce —all at the same time.Farmers'markets are usuallyweekly ormonthly events,most often with outdoor stalls, which allowfarmers orproducers to sell their food directly to customers.The size or regularity of marketscan vary from season to season,depending on the area's agricultural calendar,and you're likely to find different produce on sale at different times of theyear.By cutting out themiddlemen, the farmers secure more profit for their produce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where —and to who—their money isgoing.参考译文：空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的味道，摊位上挤满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，以及友好聊天的嘈杂声，农贸市场是感官的盛宴(3分)。