英国文学史概述课件

超乎寻常的亲族，漠不相关的路人。——《e of nothing.
一无所有只能换来一无所有。——《李尔王》
病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能 ，破坏 机体内 环境的 相对稳 定性， 且在一 定部位 生长繁 殖，引 起不同 程度的 病理生 理过程
He was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.
病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能 ，破坏 机体内 环境的 相对稳 定性， 且在一 定部位 生长繁 殖，引 起不同 程度的 病理生 理过程
poetry
In his creation of dramas, he succeeded in combing the two sides of his talent— Shakespeare the poet and Shakespeare the dramatist—into one and produced the most remarkable poetic dramas in England or perhaps in the whole world.
•哈姆雷特Hamlet
•克劳狄斯Claudius
病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能 ，破坏 机体内 环境的 相对稳 定性， 且在一 定部位 生长繁 殖，引 起不同 程度的 病理生 理过程
乔特鲁德Gertrude 哈姆莱特之母 奥菲利亚Ophelia 波洛涅斯之女
病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能 ，破坏 机体内 环境的 相对稳 定性， 且在一 定部位 生长繁 殖，引 起不同 程度的 病理生 理过程

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第二时期（1842－1850年）：
《董贝父子》（1846－1848年）
《大卫·科波菲尔》（1849－1850年）
中短篇小说集《圣诞故事集》（1843－1848 年）、以访问美国的见闻和感受为中心内容 的特写集《访美札记》（1842年）和长篇小 说《马丁·朱述尔维特》（1843年）等。
艺术上趋于成熟，结构完整，人物鲜明， 幽默中包含悲凉情调。
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“先生，我太直率了；请你原
谅，பைடு நூலகம்本来应该说，问致电外貌
问题是很不容易当场就随口做出 回答，应该说，各人有个人的审 美观，说美并不重要，或者诸如 此类的话。”
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❖ 唉，它再也不能去求助他了，因为忠 诚已遭破坏—信任已经丧失了，对这 来说，罗撤斯特已不再是过去的他， 因为他原来不像我过去所想像的那样， 我不想把他看成邪恶，我不愿意说他 欺骗了我，不过，他在我心中已失去 了正直不欺的属性，因此我必须离开 他，这一点我看得很清楚。
创作。领会作者的人道主义思想。
（二）课程内容
1、狄更斯的生平、创作和在文学史上的地位。 2、《艰难时世》、《双城记》。
（三）考核要求与考核知识点
1、识记：狄更斯各个时期的代表作品。 2、理解：作者人道主义思想的主要特点。《艰难时世》的 思想价值。 3、掌握：代表作《双城记》的思想内容和艺术成就。从作 品中所刻画的人物看作者的人道主义思想。
英国文学概况
分期与特色——以七十年代为界 “英国杰出的一代小说家” 萨克雷、狄更斯、勃朗特姊妹、盖斯
凯尔夫人 哈代
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萨克雷
《名利场》
副标题: “没有主人公（英 雄）的小说”
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勃朗特姐妹

and anticipated a new ee Renaissance Period
The Renaissance Period marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world .It refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It first started in Italy ,with the flowering of painting , sculpture and literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe . The Renaissance which means rebirth or revival ,is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events ,such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture ,the new discoveries in geography and astrology(占星学），the religious reformation and the economic expansion .
literature
⒈Old and Medieval English Literature （约 5C后期—1485） ⒉The Renaissance Period (15C后期--17C初） ⒊ The Neoclassical Period (17C中期—18C中 期） ⒋ The Romantic Period (1798—1832) ⒌ The Victorian Period (1836—1901) ⒍The Modern Period (1918—1945 ) ⒎ The Contemporary Period (1945– now)

Two characteristics of the enlightenment:
.a. set a high value on inquiry,reason and scientific development.
b.believed in the attainment of progress by men himself ,by education and by the development of science and technology.
His mind, like Franklin’s, ranged curiously over many fields of knowledge—law, philosophy, government, architecture, education, science, agriculture, mechanics— and whatever he touched, he enriched in some measure.
3.He invented a portable desk, which was a suitcase in his hand. He put it on a desk, which was turned out to be his favorite paper. The small drawer contained ink bottles, quill pens, and a quill pen. Knife. The side drawer has his daily necessities, and a wax and seal that politicians must use.
The
Thomas Jefferson composed the original draft. And with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston. (1776)

LOREM IPSUM DOLOR

6.The 18TH Century The Age Of Enlightenment ⅰ Enlightenment Movement ⅱ Neo-classicism ⅲ Realism ⅳ Sentimentalism
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
Q3: The genres of Literature?
fiction & non-fiction Fiction: Novels, Short stories, Plays and Poems.
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
Non-fiction : Essay (4 categories -- description, narration, exposition and argumentation.)

7. The Romantic Period (1798-1832): a. desire for the good old times b. Looking into the future Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats Walter Scott Jane Austen
(3) Factors related to religious background: the spread
and establishment of Christianity
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
2. General colors of English Literature (1) Factors affecting the colors of English literature: A. Its environment.

小姐啊，不要去看水晶明镜里 你那美丽的自我，永远别去看： 在我的身上，我是说在我的心底， 来把你的栩栩如生的映像细瞻。 在我的内心，虽然它很难展现 世俗的眼睛看不见的神圣事物， 你那天国形体的美好理念， 每一部分都永存而不会腐朽。 倘若我心不是因你的残酷 悲伤得暗淡无光，变成了畸形， 那么你美好的映像，你秀丽的面目， 就在我心中清晰得胜过水晶。 你在我心中的自我，你若能看见， 那就请消除使你光辉变暗的根源
丹尼尔-笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》采用写实的手法，描写主人公在孤岛上的生活， 塑造了一个资产阶级开拓者和殖民主义者形象，具有时代精神。这部小说被认为是 现实主义小说的创始之作，为笛福赢得“英国小说之父”的称号。
乔纳森-斯威夫特是英国文学史上最伟大的讽刺散文作家，他的文风纯朴平易而有力。 斯威夫特的杰作《格列佛游记》是极具魅力的儿童故事，同时包含着深刻的思想内容。 作者通过对小人国、大人国、飞岛国、慧马国等虚构国度的描写，以理性为尺度， 极其尖锐讽刺和抨击了英国社会各领域的黑暗和罪恶。 塞缪尔-理查逊采用书信体创作了《帕米拉》、《克拉丽莎》。 亨利-菲尔丁的《汤姆-琼斯》故事在乡村、路途及伦敦三个不同背景下展开，向读者 展现了当时英国社会风貌的全景图。 劳伦斯-斯特恩的《项狄传》打破传统期（1700—-1764） 1688年的“光荣革命”推翻复辟王朝，确定了君主立宪制，建立起资产阶级和新 贵族领导的政权，英国从此进入一个相对安定的发展时期。18世纪初，新古典 主义成为时尚。新古典主义推崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术 形式的完美与和谐。 亚历山大-蒲柏是新古典主义诗歌的代表，他模仿罗马诗人，诗风精巧隽俏，内容以说 教与讽刺为主，形式多用英雄双韵体，但缺乏深厚感情。 18 世纪英国散文出现繁荣，散文风格基本建立在新古典主义美学原则之上。 塞缪尔-约翰逊是18世纪英国人文主义文学批评的巨擘，《莎士比亚戏剧集》和 《诗人传》是他对文学批评作出的突出贡献。 他的散文风格自成一家，集拉丁散文的典雅、气势与英语的散文的雄健、朴素与一体。 《英语词典》历时七年完成，英语史上第一部标准辞书。

• In the field of literature, enlightenmenters believed that the artistic should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy . seek proportion, unity, harmony and grace in literary expression, in an effort to delight, instruct and correct human beings. • Neoclassicism. A revival in literature in the late 17th and 18th centuries, characterized by a regard for the classical ideals of reason, form, and restraint.
Achievements



Poetry Much of old English poetry was probably intended to be chanted, with harp (a kind of instrument in Chinese means 竖琴) accompaniment, by Anglo-Saxon scop (poet in Chinese means 吟游诗人), often bold and strong, but also mournful and elegiac (sad) in spirit. Major achievement: Beowulf
What is Literature?
Literature refers to the practice and profession of writing. It comes from human interest in telling a story, in arranging words in artistic forms, in describing in words some aspects of human experiences. Literature shows us not only what a society is like in a certain age, but also what individuals feel about it, what they hope from it, and how they can change it or escape from it.

John Bunyan (1628-1688)
Works
➢ The Pilgrim’s Progress
✓ It is an allegory ✓ It abounds in acute social criticism
Bunyan in prison
✓ It is noted for its prose style. It is a nice amalgam of the basic features of the language of the Bible and popular speech. Simple, lucid and forceful
the sea, and had plundered and brought in a tremendous amount of wealth from its colonies.
The Classic Age An Introduction
Economic and Political Situation ➢ Inside the British Isles, things appeared basically all
➢ There are also writers taking a close look at the social problems.
➢ The novel appeared.
The Classic Age
An Introduction
Features of Neoclassicism ➢ Frequent allusions and references to Greek and Roman
emphasis on clarity of thought and orderly structure; ➢ Focus on formal perfection like metric regularity, aversion

emphasis on the imagination, on invention and experimentation
man as an imperfect being, inherently sinful, whose potential was limited.
emphasis on order and reason, on restraint, on common sense
Enlightenment Movement
The England Enlightener (P127)
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The 18th Century England
comparatively peaceful development
In politics
a constitutional monarchy
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Dissimilarities in Point of View
man as a being fundamentally good and possessed of an infinite potential for spiritual and intellectual growth.
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The Features of English Enlightenment
▪ (1)English enlighteners believed in the power of reason. That is why the 18th century has often been called “the age of reason” or “the kingdom of reason”.
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Hawthorne’s Major Works
1)Two collections of short stories: Twice-told Tales 《故事新编》 Mosses from an Old Manse «古宅青苔»
2) The Scarlet Letter «红字» masterpiece, which established him as the leading American native novelist of the 19th century
May – October 1692: Salem [`seɪləm] , MA Constitute a series of investigations and persecutions that caused 19 ―witches‖ to be hanged and many others imprisoned Period of public hysteria generated by false accusations and coerced [kəʊ‘ɜ:s]强迫 confessions

Causes for the Outbreak

An unfortunate combination of an ongoing frontier war, economic conditions, congregational 公 理 教 会 的 strife, teenage boredom, and personal jealousies can account for the spiraling连锁的 accusations, trials, and executions that occurred in the spring and summer of 1692.

2 the Enlightenment in Europe when: the 18th century, what: an intellectual movement, the essence: an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism, the aim: fighting against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other
The Enlightenment Period
Objectives:
Learning about the historical and cultural background of the Enlightenment in England;
Learning about the definition of the Enlightenment;
historical reconstruction, showing the care for persistent record of the
detail of daily life
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The Enlightenment Period
Major Writers of the period
Daniel Defoe (1660 -1731) Special features an anti-feudal, anti-romantic realistic writer, the Puritan virtues of self-reliance, diligence, patience, fortitude and
deep sympathy for the poor and oppressed; liberal-minded, a fighter for truth, justice, equality, and

➢ Before 1600: histories and comedies
➢ The works of the first period are generally happy and cheerful
➢ Henry IV, Love’s Labor’s Lost, Richard III, Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, The Merry Wives of Windsor, As You Like It
Philip Sidney
(1554-1586)
➢ Educated at Oxford and was widely read. ➢ A good number of his poems appear in Arcadia. ➢ Astrophel and Stella contains his best poetic
• Introduction • Works
King James Bible
William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
Introduction ➢ The most popular and most widely
respected writer in all English literature ➢ Born on April 26, 1564 in Stratford on Avon; died on April 23, 1616 and buried at Stratford ➢ He excelled in the literary fields of poetry and drama
English Drama: A Sketchy Account

The Old English Period
History of Invasions ➢ 5th century BC: tribal kingdoms of Celtic people ➢ 55 BC: invaded by the Roman Empire (under control
for over 400 years) ➢ 5th Century: by Germanic people: the Angles and the
Chaucer and English Language
➢ Sometimes called the father of English literature, Chaucer is credited by some scholars as the first author to demonstrate the artistic legitimacy of the vernacular Middle English, rather than French or Latin.
English Literature Chapters 1—2
Key Points in Chapter 1
The Old English (Anglo-Saxon) Period
• History of Invasion • Anglo-Saxons • Caedmon • Beowulf • King Alfred the Great
The Pre-Elizabethan Period: A Brief Introduction
• 3 Major Events Turning the Middle Ages into the Modern Time • Reformation • Renaissance

He felt that poetry should bring joy and happiness and love and certitude to an age when these were absent and people were suffering.
As a literary critic, Arnold’s theory was original in ideas and assured in tone.
Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)
Introduction I He was a son of a builder and became a builder himself
and one of the three most preeminent Victorian writers. In Hardy’s time science and industrialization went hand
Key Points in Chapter 15
Thomas Hardy
✓ Introduction ✓ Tess of the D’Urbervilles ✓ Jude the Obscure
George Gissing George Moore Oscar Wilde Robert Louis Stevenson
by his contemporaries chiefly for its didactic features. In more than one sense Tennyson was a domestic poet,
placing abundant emphasis on love, duty and allegiance and on marriage and home and children.

总结词
讲述了吉卜赛弃儿希斯克利夫被山庄 老主人收养后所经历的爱情与复仇的 故事，展现了人性的复杂与矛盾。
详细描述
小说通过希斯克利夫的人生经历和爱 情故事，揭示了人性中的爱与恨、善 良与邪恶等复杂情感。作品语言独特 ，情节紧张，人物形象鲜明，具有很 高的艺术价值。
PART 04
维多利亚时期文学的影响 和意义
了工业革命后社会的变化。
浪漫主义时期文学
个性解放
强调个性的自由和情感的表达 ，反对工业化和城市化对人的 束缚。代表人物有威廉·布莱
克和约翰·济慈。
诗歌
以拜伦、雪莱和华兹华斯等为 代表的诗歌创作，表达了对自
然、自由和爱情的向往。
小说
以简·爱和呼啸山庄为代表， 关注人性的复杂性和情感的深
度。
维多利亚时期文学
维多利亚时期作家介绍
查尔斯·狄更斯
总结词
维多利亚时期最著名的作家之一，以其对社会问题的深刻洞察和生动描绘而著 称。
详细描述
狄更斯是19世纪英国文坛的巨匠，创作了多部经典小说，如《双城记》、《雾 都孤儿》和《大卫·科波菲尔》。他的作品揭示了社会不公和贫困问题，同时也 描绘了人性的复杂和多样。
勃朗特姐妹
托马斯·哈代
总结词
以描绘人物命运和社会现实而著称，作品具有强烈的悲剧色 彩。
详细描述
托马斯·哈代是维多利亚时期的一位重要作家，他的作品如《 德伯家的苔丝》和《无名的裘德》展示了其对人物命运和社 会现实的深刻洞察。他的小说常常以悲剧收场，反映了人生 的无常和社会的冷酷。
PART 03
维多利亚时期文学作品选 读
小说
出现了以《罗密欧与朱丽 叶》为代表的一系列悲剧 和喜剧作品，反映了当时 社会的矛盾和冲突。