新编英语教程第三版unit4
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Unit 4Language StructureMain Teaching Points:1.Modal auxiliaries may/might used to express “possibility”eg. It may/might be fine tomorrow.2.Modal auxiliaries should/ ought to expressing “obligation”eg. He should/ought to get up early and take some exercise every day. 3.Modal auxiliaries would rather expressing “preference”eg. I would rather do some reading.4.Modal auxiliaries must and can’t used to express “strong probability”and “impossibility” respectivelyeg. He must be in the gym. // Hecan’t be there.Useful Expressionsgo-mountain climbing be in good healthtake notice of be weak in / be poor insuffer from sth. live transmission of sports eventsDialogue A Trip to ChinaA. Listening to the recordingB. Questions on specific detailsC. Broad questions:1. Describe the changes in China’s rural areas, particularly in the coastalareas.2. What are the ways in which Chinese farmers get up-to-dateinformation?3. Why college education important for modern farmers?4. Do you believe in “You get what you put in”?D. Language Points1. Fancy meeting you here.=It’s a surprise to meet you here.2. world-renowned/ world-famous世界闻名的eg. 1) Shanghai is a world-renowned cosmopolitan metropolis.上海是国际知名的大都会。
四、练习答案Part2.Reading-Centered ActivitiesIn-Class ReadingReading Comprehension1.1.Introduction(Paras.1-2)The term“placebo”is introduced:when it is prescribed and what it is.2.The study of the placebo(Paras.3—7)A.One explanation:The placebo works because the human mind fools itself.B.The other explanation:The placebo makes the wish to get better become reality.C.The most powerful placebo of all:the doctor.Supporting evidence:First group(led by a doctor):70percent of the people got better.Second group(led by a nurse):Only25percent of the people got better.3.Different cases in which a placebo may work(Paras.8—9)The placebo has been found to work with seasickness,coughs,colds,and pain after an operation.An experiment was done to see if it works with old people: The first group were given nothing at all.Result:The first group showed no changes from the way old People in that Village had always been.The second group were given a placebo.Result:The second group had much better health and a lower death rate.The third group were given a real drug and told that it would help with the problems of old age.Result:The third group showed much the same results as the group that took the placebo.4.Two opposite attitudes toward the use of a placebo(Paras.10—11):Some doctors think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used.Other countries are known to have been using placebos for hundreds of years.5.Conclusion(Para.12)It is suggested that the human mind may be stronger than we think it is.2.3.OmittedVocabulary1.1.A.substance,especially one taken through the mouth,used in curing disease药物B.the study and practice of treating or preventing illnesses and injuries医学2.A.act of shooting a gun,etc.射击B.an injection of a drug皮下注射3.A.detachable compartment for men or instruments in a spacecraft太空舱B.an outer covering containing a measured amount of medicine,the whole of which is swallowed胶囊4.A.become healthy again身体恢复健康B.become mentally or emotionally strong again after a bad experience心灵被治愈5.A.the act or manner of treating sb./sth.对待B.the treating of illness by medical means治疗6.A.the cutting of the body in order to set right or remove a diseased part手术B.the process of making a machine or system work运转,操作7.A.instance of a disease or an injury;person suffering from this病例B.a situation that exists,especially as it affects a particular person or group情况8.A.give signs(of);make clear,perhaps indirectly表明B.put forward an idea or plan for sb.to consider or propose建议,提议2.1.A2.E3.F4.D5.G6.H7.C8.B3.Translation1.All I can say is that we are extremely sorry to wake you up so early.2.He is highly likely to succeed because of his intelligence and diligence.3.The way she talked to me was odd/strange,as if I were the president of the country.4.It is reported that three people were injured in the traffic accident yesterday.5.The patient is much the same this morning as he was yesterday.6.He’d like to stay at home rather than go to a movie with us.Part3.Further Development1.Grammar Review1.I comfort myself with the fact that all my friends support me.2.In medical school,I learned/was taught the truth that almost all drugs have side effects.3.We are all for your proposal that the discussion(should)be put off.4.I hold the opinion that women need their own space to(be able to)talk freely.5.Have you read about the report that more and more trees will be planted in the next five years?6.I just read in the news that fewer and fewer businesses ask their employees to wear formal dress.7.The first belief is that at present,the employment situation on the whole is good.8.The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.2.Vocabulary Review1.A.reasonable/sensible:showing fairness and good sense公道的,合理的B.sensible(of sth.):that can be perceived by the sense可感觉到的C.reasonable:not too much,too many,too great适度的2.A.absorbed(in sth.):giving or marked by complete attention to专心的,全神贯注的B.absorbs:take in a liquid,gas or other substance from the surface or space around吸收C.addicted:compulsively or physiologically dependent on something habit-forming沉溺于3.A.stems/stemmed(from sth.):exist or happen as a result of源于,来自B.stem(from):originate or be caused by sth.源于,来自C.rooted:absolutely still根深蒂固的4.A.response:an action done in answer作为对…的回答B.reaction:(a case or way of)reacting反应C.reaction:your ability to move quickly when sth.dangerous happens suddenly 反应3.Word Association and Story TellingOmitted4.Interpreting an Old SayingOmitted5.Trying to Be a PsychologistOmitted6.Identifying Psychological Principles in AdsOmittedPart4.Translation and Writing2.Translation Practice。
Unit 4Language StructureMain Teaching Points:1.Modal auxiliaries may/might used to express “possibility”eg. It may/might be fine tomorrow.2.Modal auxiliaries should/ ought to expressing “obligation”eg. He should/ought to get up early and take some exercise every day. 3.Modal auxiliaries would rather expressing “preference”eg. I would rather do some reading.4.Modal auxiliaries must and can’t used to express “strong probability”and “impossibility” respectivelyeg. He must be in the gym. // He can’t be there.Useful Expressionsgo-mountain climbing be in good healthtake notice of be weak in / be poor insuffer from sth. live transmission of sports eventsDialogue A Trip to ChinaA. Listening to the recordingB. Questions on specific detailsC. Broad questions:1. Describe the changes in China’s rural areas, particularly in the coastal areas.2. What are the ways in which Chinese farmers get up-to-dateinformation?3. Why college education important for modern farmers?4. Do you believe in “You get what you put in”?D. Language Points1. Fancy meeting you here.=It’s a surprise to meet you here.2. world-renowned/ world-famous世界闻名的eg. 1) Shanghai is a world-renowned cosmopolitan metropolis.上海是国际知名的大都会。
Unit 6一、词汇短语In-Class ReadingRisks and Youhypochondria [] n. 忧郁症,臆想病【例句】People with hypochondria resemble those with OCD: They worry excessively and feel compelled to do something, like visit the doctor over and over.忧郁症与强迫焦虑症相似:他们过分担心并强制自己做一些事情,如一遍又一遍地去看医生。
on the strength of基于;凭借…;依赖…symptom [] n. (疾病的)症状;(不好事情的)征兆,症候;表征【例句】A fever is a symptom of illness. 发烧是生病的症状。
【助记】sym(相同的)+ptom(谐音:怕疼)→共同的症状是怕疼。
【派生】symptomatic adj. 有症状的;症候的all manner of各种各样的;形形色色的(人,东西等)partial [] adj. 部分的;偏袒的,偏爱的;不完全的【例句】The plan calls for partial deployment of missiles. 这个计划要求部分地疏散导弹。
【词组】be partial to对…偏爱,对…偏袒【助记】part(部分)+ial(形容词后缀)→带有部分的观点→偏袒的physician [] n. 医师;内科医师【例句】It is important to see a physician if an ulcer is suspected, since ulcers can eat through the stomach lining into other organs and occasionally be fatal.怀疑生了溃疡,去看医生是很重要的,因为溃疡会腐蚀掉胃部内层进入其他器官,这有时会是致命的。
Unit 8一、词汇短语In-Class ReadingHow to T ake Your Timeantique [ adj. 古老的,年代久远的;过时的,古董的;古风的,古式的n. 古董,古玩;古风,古希腊和古罗马艺术风格vi. 觅购古玩【例句】The antique is a fake. 那古董是一件赝品。
【派生】antiquity n. 高龄;古物;古代的遗物live by以…为生emerge [ v. 显现,浮现;暴露;形成【例句】The sun emerged from behind the clouds. 太阳从云层后面露出来。
【词组】emerge from 自…出现;从…显露出来【助记】e(出来)+merge(沉入)→从沉没状态中出来→浮出。
【派生】emerging adj. 新兴的;出现的;形成的chronobiology n. 时间生物学;生物钟学interact [ vi. 互相作用,互相影响【例句】All things are interrelated and interact on each other. 一切事物互相联系并互相作用。
【词组】interact with 与…相互作用interact on 作用;影响;制约【助记】inter(在…之间)+act(行动)→互动→相互作用【派生】interactive adj. 交互式的;相互作用的interaction n. 相互作用;[数] 交互作用contribute to有助于;捐献addict [ n. 瘾君子,吸毒者;沉溺于不良嗜好的人【例句】There are no lengths to which an addict will not go to obtain his drug.瘾君子为了得到毒品什麽事都做得出来。
【词组】be addicted to对……上瘾,addict oneself to沉迷于feel lost怅然若失timepiece n. 钟等各种计时器living clocks生物物理] 生物钟adjust to调节;调整以适应external [ adj. 外部的,表面的;客观的;外国的;[医] 外用的n. 外部,外面【例句】External causes become operative through internal causes. 外因通过内因而起作用。
Unit 1 PersonalityV ocabulary1. 1) self-conscious 2) self-confidence 3) self-esteem 4) self-destructive 5) self-worth6) self-concept 7) Self-awareness 8) self-assurance/self-confidence2. 1)B 2)I 3)L 4)A 5)H 6)D 7)E 8)N 9)J 10)M 11)C 12)F 13)G 14)K3. 1) profound 2) jealousy 3) numerous 4) overweight 5) overcome 6) eventually7) slim 8) compliments 9) diminish 10) reassurance 11) detrimental12) isolated 13) self-esteem 14) accented4. 1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect/influence 4) viewed/regarded5)sensitive 6) respond/react 7)eliminated 8)overcome my fear9) concentrate on 10) made no commentTranslation1) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising.2) In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before.3) When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it.4) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life.5) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father.6) He finally failed to live up to his parents’expectations.7) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously.8) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness.Part Four Writing and Translation2. Translation Practice1) It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure.2) Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful.3) When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience.4) Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties.5) Don’t let negative thoughts hold you back.6) Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blame yourself too much.Unit 2 Myths and LegendsV ocabulary1. 1) A. invitation B. invited C. inviting 2) A. prepare B. prepared C. preparation D.preparatory/preparation3) A. discoveries B. discoverers C. discovered4) A. approval B. approve C. approved D. approving E. disapprove5) A. eloquent B. eloquence C. eloquently6) A. faithful B. unfaithful/faithless C. faith d. faithfully7) A. occasional B. occasionally C. occasion8) A. delivery B. delivering C. delivered9) A. troublesome B. troubled C. troubled D. troubling 10) A. assurance B. assured C. assure2. 1) got/ran into trouble 2) no trouble 3) asking for trouble 4) have …trouble 5) troublewith6) in serious/deep/big trouble 7) get/getting …into trouble 8) took the trouble3. 1) with a pattern of roses 2) prepared a wonderful/goof meal for us3) promised faithfully 4) deliver this letter5) a selection of milk and plain chocolate 6) keep out of mischief/behave themselves7) the sound of distant thunder 8) received approval from the government9) in spite of the fact that he drank too much 10) agree whether the drug is safe or notPart Three Further Development5. Complete the following Ancient Chinese story by translating the Chinese into English1) the true reason why there was no such animal in Guizhou2) they were of no use at all in this place3) when he saw the donkey all of a sudden, he thought it was a monster4) he hid himself in the trees while looking at the donkey5) what kind of animal is this and why does it look different from other animals that I’ve seen?6) But one day the donkey stretched its thin neck and cried7) the tiger discovered that the donkey didn’t have any other skills besides crying8) But he dared not rush to it and eat it just as he did to other animals9) This did irritate the donkey (made the donkey angry), who raised its hind leg and kicked thetiger10) This time he rushed to it without hesitation and bit its rhroatPart Four Writing and Translation2. Translation Practice万物之初天地还是一体充满混沌。
Unit SixText I1.Pre-Reading QuestionsThink about the following questions before you read the text.1. How do people usually think of pearl? As an ordinary piece of jewellery? A thing of great value?A useless ornament? Give reasons for your answer.2. What might happen if a very poor person came into possession of a very large pearl of great value? Think of two or three possibilities.For your reference(They are open questions. Let the students air their views freely and exercise their imagination.)2.The Main IdeaMuch of the language of the text is metaphorical, and that makes it difficult for you to understand the meaning of the passage quickly. But it is far from incomprehensible. Go over the text once, not too rapidly, and see how much you understand at first reading.Now answer the following questions:1.What point is made about the news in a town?2.What was the news in the town?3.Who were particularly interested in Kino’s pearl?For your referenceAnswers:1.It travels fast.2.That Kino had found the Pearl of the World.3.The priest, the shopkeepers, the doctor, the beggars, the agents of the buyer of pearls.3.Background Notes(1) colonial animalA colonial animal is an association of individual organisms that are incompletely separated. Life forms such as corals and moss animals are good examples of colonial animals. They are individual organisms that normally exist in mass of large collections.4.TextThe PearlKino, a poor fisherman, has just found a very large and valuable pearl and is going to the nearest town to sell it. He needs money urgently to get medical help for his baby who has just been stung by a scorpion. Before Kino found the pearl, the only doctor available had refused to treat the baby because Kino could not afford to pay for the treatment.A town is a thing like a colonial animal. A town has a nervous system and a head and shoulders and feet. (1)A town is a thing separate from all other towns, so that there are no two towns alike. (2)And a town has a whole emotion. How news travels through a town is a mystery not easily to be solved. News seems to move faster than small boys can (1)scramble and (2)dart to tell it, (3)faster than women can call it over the fences.(4)Before Kino and Juana and the other fishers had come to Kino’s brush house, the nerves of the town were pulsing and (3)vibrating with the news — Kino had found the Pearl of the World. Before panting little boys could strangle out the words, their mothers knew it. (5)The news swept on past the brush houses, and it washed in a foaming wave into the town of stone and plaster. It came to the priest walking in his garden, and it put a thoughtful look in his eyes and a memory of certain repairs necessary to the church. He wondered what the pearl would be worth. And he wondered whether he had baptized Kino’s baby, or married him (6)for that matter. The news came to the shopkeepers and they looked at men’s clothes that had not sold so well.The news came to the doctor where he sat with a woman whose illness was age, thoughneither she nor the doctor would admit it. And when it was made plain who Kino was, the doctor grew (4)stern and (5)judicious at the same time. “He is (7)a client of mine,” the doctor said. “I am treating his child for a scorpion sting.” And the doctor’s eyes rolled up a little in their fat hammocks and he thought of Paris. He remembered the room he had lived in there as a great and (6)luxurious place. The doctor looked past his (7)aged patient and saw himself sitting in a restaurant in Paris and a waiter was just opening a bottle of wine.The news came early to the beggars in front of the church, and it made them giggle a little with pleasure, for they knew that (8)there is no (8)alms-giver in the world like a poor man who is suddenly lucky.Kino has found the Pearl of the World. In the town, in little offices, sat the men who bought pearls from the fishers. They waited in their chairs until the pearls came in, and then they (9)cackled and fought and shouted and threatened until they reached the lowest price the fisherman would stand. But there was a price below which they dared not go, for it had happened that a fisherman in despair had given his pearls to the church. And when the buying was over, these buyers sat alone and their fingers played (10)restlessly with the pearls, and they wished they owned the pearls. For there were not many buyers really — there was only one, and he kept these agents in separate offices to give a (9)(11)semblance of competition. The news came to these men, and their eyes (12)squinted and (10)their finger-tips burned a little, and each one thought how the (13)patron could not live forever and someone had to take his place. And each one thought how with some capital he could get a new start.All manner of people grew interested in Kino — people with things to sell and people with favors to ask. Kino had found the Pearl of the World. (11)The essence of pearl mixed with essence of men and a curious dark (14)residue was (15)precipitated. Every man suddenly became related to Kino’s pearl, and Kino’s pearl went into the dreams, the speculations, the schemes, the plans, the futures, the wishes, the needs, the lusts, the hungers, of everyone, and only one person stood in the way and that was Kino, so that he became curiously every man’s enemy. The news stirred up something infinitely black and evil in the town; (12)the black (16)distillate was like the scorpion, or like hunger in the smell of food, or like loneliness when love is (17)withheld. The poison sacs of the town began to manufacture (18)venom, and (13)the town (19)swelled and (20)puffed with the pressure of it.By John Steinbeck (an excerpt)Words and phrases: (点击文中红色单词或词组,出现该红色部分及e.g.字样,再单击e.g. ,出现例句)1.scramble:v. move somewhere in a hurried awkward waye.g. The man scrambled to his feet(=stood up very quickly and awkwardly)and hurried intothe kitchen.Your students may scramble up the bank of the river to follow you.2.dart: v. move suddenly and quickly in a particular directione.g. His teacher darted forward and pulled him away from the fire.The guard pulls the fire alarm, and the elevator stops, giving the passengers time todart down the stairwell.3.vibrate: v. shake quickly and continuously with very small movementse.g. The floor was vibrating to the beat of the music.The sea began to vibrate with waves that spread out in a circle.4.stern: a. serious and strict, and showing strong disapproval of someone's behaviore.g. Father looked stern at us for a while, and then we went to watch him hunt.Now it takes a stern soul to resist the temptation to check the headlines at least oncewhile you're away.5.judicious: a. done in a sensible and careful waye.g. In an environment of multiple campaigns promoting judicious antibiotic use in children,identification of effective strategies is important.Meditators should learn how to be judicious without being judgmental.6.luxurious: a. very expensive, beautiful, and comfortablee.g. She tried hard to retrieve her luxurious life.The luxurious liner is cleaving through the waves.7.aged: a. advanced in yearse.g. I well remember taking my aged grandfather across a road.He is aged, but his memory is still good.8.alms-giver: n. people who give money, food etc. to poor peoplee.g. But William is an entrepreneur, not just an alms-giver.There can be no friendship between a beggar and an alms-giver.9.cackle: v. laugh in a loud unpleasant way, making short high soundse.g. The women cackled when they saw the movie star step out of the limousine.The teacher let us cut the cackle in the class.10.restlessly: adv. act unwillingly to keep still or stay where a person is, especially because heor she is bored, impatient, or dissatisfied, and wants to do something elsee.g. I bought a rose and restlessly searched for her in the restaurant.As for poor Leo, after turning restlessly for hours, at last he had dropped off into asleep or stupor.11.semblance: n. a situation, condition etc. that is close to or similar to a particular one, usuallya good onee.g. After the war, life returned to a semblance of normality.Pursuing name brands can only create the semblance of wealth, not win actual respect.12.squint: v. look at something with eyes partly closed in order to see bettere.g. He also seems to be slightly blinded by the sun, causing him to squint.Increase the text size if you can. Small text that forces you to squint is much harder onthe eyes.13.patron: n.someone who supports the activities of an organization, for example by givingmoneye.g. A patron of the arts should have deep pockets.He was warmly welcomed at the annual meeting as a celebrated patron of the Hope Project.14.residue: n. a substance that remains on a surface, in a container etc. and cannot be removedeasily, or that remains after a chemical processe.g. In the United States, shredders generate about 5 million tons of shredder residue everyyear.Recently the reports on pesticide residue and unsafe bottled drinking water haveprompted government action.15.precipitate: v. separate a solid substance from a liquid by chemical action, or to be separatedin this waye.g. Diamond is precipitated from the kimberlite magma.If the blood acid content increased, it will also precipitate the formation of stones.16.distillate: n. a purified liquid produced by condensation from a vapor during distilling; theproduct of distillinge.g. Most ships run on bunker fuel, which is cheaper than distillate, but more polluting.U.S. distillate fuel consumption fell 4% last year as a mild winter curbed heating oiluse.17.withhold: v. refuse to give someone somethinge.g. Jack was accused of withholding vital information from the police.The boss withheld payment until they had completed the work.18.venom: n. a liquid poison that some snakes, insects etc. produce when they bite or sting youe.g. The infection or venom from the bite could kill my sheep.The drugs are developed from the venom of poisonous snakes.19.swell: v. become larger and rounder than normal, especially about parts of the bodye.g. His ankle was already starting to swell.The little girl’s arm was beginning to swell up where the bee had stung her.20.puff: v. become bigger by increasing the amount of air inside, or to make something bigger inthis waye.g. He would surely puff out if he ate everything he wanted.Her eyes were puffed from lack of sleep.Notes (点击文中蓝色字体,出现该内容,再点击,出现下面的注释内容)1. A town is a thing separate from all other townsA town is detached from / apart from all other towns; in other words, each town is a separateentity, not joined to or connected with any other town.2.And a town has a whole emotion.This is an example of metaphor. A town is compared to a living being with feelings of all kinds — love, joy, hate, fear, grief, etc.3.faster than women can call it over the fencesfaster than women can talk about it to their neighbours over the fences that separate theirhomes4.Before ... the nerves of the town were pulsing and vibrating with the news — Kino hadfound the Pearl of the World.Before ... the town was alive with the news that Kino had found the Pearl of the World. Here the author wants to show us how fast news travelled. Kino found the Pearl of the World when he was out fishing, but before he reached home, the news had already spread through thewhole town and was on everyone’s lips.5.The news swept on past the brush houses and it washed in a foaming wave into the townof stone and plaster.The brush houses, referring to the houses in the area where the poor fishermen live, which is presumably just outside the town, form a strong contrast with the town of stone and plaster, where the priest, shopkeepers, doctor, and pearl buyers live. Note also how the author uses the figurative language to make the scene more vivid, comparing the news to a body ofwater that swept on and washed in a foaming wave.6.for that matterThis phrase gives emphasis to what he had said. In other words, if he had baptized Kino’s baby or had married him, Kino would be grateful to him and would show him his gratitude.7. a client of mineA client is a person who gets help or advice from any kind of professional. Usually, however,a lawyer has a “client”, whereas a doctor has a “patient” and a shopkeeper has a “customer”.8.there’s no alms-giver in the world like a poor man who is suddenly luckyA poor man who becomes suddenly rich is more generous than any alms-giver.alms — money, clothes or food given to the poor (usually money)Alms has only one form for both singular and plural.Other examples of nouns with plural forms:earnings, savings, surroundings, belongings, goods, remains, headquarters, thanks9. a semblance of competitionan outward appearance of competition that aimed to fool the fishermen10.their finger-tips burned a littleeach of them felt a little uneasy, hoping to start a pearl buying business of his own11.The essence of pearl mixed with essence of men and a curious dark residue wasprecipitated.The great value of the pearl and man’s insatiable desire to possess wealth combine to form a strange sort of wickedness / a strange wicked greed quickly.12.the black distillatea metaphor for the deep, evil feelings and desires of people who were affected by the news13.the town swelled and puffedthe town became vain and conceited / was filled with self-interest and vanityments on the TextThis excerpt is a good example of creativity in writing. It describes the psychology of various kinds of people just before Kino, a poor fisherman, goes to the town to sell the Pearl of the World, which he has found in the sea. The writer, through his excellent use of language, sets the scene for Kino’s arrival in the town and the reader is likely to anticipate with interest the meeting between him and the pearl buyers.What makes it possible for the writer to produce such vivid and immediate description, which leaves the reader with a profound impression of the town, its people and the forces at work in it?1. His close contact with and awareness of different types of people.2. His thorough and profound understanding of “human nature”.3. His keen power of observation and active imagination.4. His effective use of language.6.ExercisesA. Answer the following questions.(先单击出现黑色问题, 后单击出现蓝色答案)1. At what point in the story is the scene of this extract set?It is set before the arrival in town of the central figure, Kino. Kino is going to sell his newly found Pearl of the World.2. What personal details do we know about Kino?Kino is a poor fisherman who lives in a brush house. He has a child. He is in great need of money because his child has been stung by a scorpion and needs treatment. He is eager to sell the pearltoget money to pay for medical treatment of the sting.3. Why does the writer tell us that the shopkeepers looked at men’s clothes that had not sold so well?The shopkeepers are concerned about their business which has not been brisk, so there are a lot of men’s clothes in stock. When they learn that Kino has found a valuable pearl, they think of Kino as a possible buyer of the men’s clothes. Steinbeck tells us about the shopkeepers as an illustration of the effect of Kino’s find on other people.4. What details are given to describe the doctor’s appearance and his thoughts?Why does the writer want to supply us with such information?The doctor “grew stern and judicious at the same time” and his “eyes rolled up a little in their fat hammocks”, which suggests that he is immediately aware of what treating Kino’s child might mean for him. He thinks of Paris, recalling his room there as “a great and luxurious place” and imagines himself eating and drinking in a Parisian restaurant. The writer gives the reader this description to remind us that doctors whose work is curing people can be as money-oriented and pleasure-seeking as anyone else. This acts as a statement about “human nature”.5. How does the writer prepare the stage fo r a “battle” between the pearl buyers and Kino? How does the writer make the reader anticipate the meeting?The writer prepares the stage for the battle by telling us that the pearl buyers were experienced in bargaining with and “beating down” the pearl se llers. As Kino is presumably eager to get as much money as possible because of his child, the reader is likely to be looking forward with interest to the meeting of the two parties.6. Who do “the people with things to sell” and “the people with favours to ask” include?“The people with things to sell” include:1) the priest (who sells spiritual comfort)2) the shopkeepers (who sell men’s clothes)3) the doctor (who sells his medical skill)“The people with favours to ask” include:1) the beggars in front of the church2) the other poor fishers7. What does the writer mean by “The essence of pearl mixed with essence of men and a curious dark residue was precipitated”?The sentence can be interpreted as: The combination of the inestimable value of pearl and the fundamental human vice — greed — resulted in evil intentions and malicious plots. The writer wants to show that when people are obsessed with the idea of money, they are very likely to do evil things.B. Explain the following in your own words.(先单击出现黑色问题, 后单击出现蓝色答案)1. Before panting little boys could strangle out the words, their mothers knew it.The mothers had already learned the news before their sons could stammer it out.2. The news swept on past the brush houses, and it washed in a foaming wave into the town of stone and plaster.The news spread from one brush house to another and continued to travel fast into the town.3. And when it was made plain who Kino was, the doctor grew stern and judicious at the same time.When the doctor realized that Kino was the man who had asked for his help, he became both serious(about the treatment) and wise / clever (about how he could gain).4. And the doctor’s eyes rolled up a little in their fat hammocks and he thought of Paris.For a moment the doctor’s eyes were focused on nothing as his thoughts turned to Paris.5. The news stirred up something infinitely black and evil in the town; the black distillate was like the scorpion, or like hunger in the smell of food, or like loneliness when love is withheld.The news caused a profound “negative force” to be at work in the town. This could be compared to a scorpion, which causes pain, or the hunger created by the smell of food, or feeling of loneliness which comes when love is refused.6. The poison sacs of the town began to manufacture venom, and the town swelled and puffed with the pressure of it.What acted as the “venom-producing bag” of the town, i.e., the increasing self-interest in the townspeople, began to create poison which afflicted the whole town with a negative force.。
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 新编大学英语第三版综合教程第四册课后答案Unit 1 PersonalityVocabulary1. 1) self-conscious 2) self-confidence 3) self-esteem 4) self-destructive 5) self-worth6) self-concept 7) Self-awareness 8) self-assurance/self-confidence2. 1)B 2)I 3)L 4)A 5)H 6)D 7)E 8)N 9)J 10)M 11)C 12)F 13)G 14)K3. 1) profound 2) jealousy 3) numerous 4) overweight 5) overcome 6) eventually7) slim8) compliments 9) diminish 10) reassurance 11) detrimental12) isolated 13) self-esteem 14) accented4. 1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect/influence 4) viewed/regarded5)sensitive 6) respond/react7)eliminated8)overcome my fear9) concentrate on10) made no commentTranslation1) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising.2) In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before.3) When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it.4) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life.5) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father. 6) He finally failed to live up to his parents’expectations.7) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously.8) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal1/ 18weakness.Part Four Writing and Translation2. Translation Practice---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 1) It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure. 2) Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful. 3) When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience. 4) Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties. 5) Don’t let negative thoughts hold you back. 6) Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blame yourself too much.Unit 2 Myths and LegendsVocabulary1. 1) A. invitation B. invited C. inviting2) A. prepare B. prepared C. preparationD.preparatory/preparation3) A. discoveries B. discoverers C. discovered4) A. approval B. approve C. approved D. approvingE. disapprove5) A. eloquent B. eloquence C. eloquently6) A. faithful B. unfaithful/faithless C. faithd. faithfully7) A. occasional B. occasionallyC. occasion8) A. delivery B. delivering C. delivered9) A. troublesome B. troubled assured C. assureC. troubledD. troubling 10) A. assurance B.2. 1) got/ran into trouble trouble2) no trouble3) asking for trouble 4) h ave … trouble 5)with6) in serious/deep/big trouble 7) get/getting … into trouble 8) took the trouble3/ 183. 1) with a pattern of roses2) prepared a wonderful/goof meal for us3) promised faithfully4) deliver this letter5) a selection of milk and plain chocolate 6) keep out of mischief/behave themselves7) the sound of distant thunder8) received approval from the government9) in spite of the fact that he drank too much 10) agree whether the drug is safe or notPart Three Further Development5. Complete the following Ancient Chinese story by translating the Chinese into English1) the true reason why there was no such animal in Guizhou2) they were of no use at all in this place3) when he saw the donkey all of a sudden, he thought it was a monster4) he hid himself in the trees while looking at the donkey 5) what kind of animal is this and why does it look different from other animals that I’ve seen?6) But one day the donkey stretched its thin neck and cried 7) the tiger discovered that the donkey didn’t have any other skills besides crying8) But he dared not rush to it and eat it just as he did to other animals9) This did irritate the donkey (made the donkey angry), who raised its hind leg and kicked thetiger10) This time he rushed to it without hesitation and bit its rhroatPart Four Writing and Translation2. Translation Practice万八---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------一起。
Unit 4Language StructureMain Teaching Points:1.Modal auxiliaries may/might used to express “possibility”eg. It may/might be fine tomorrow.2.Modal auxiliaries should/ ought to expressing “obligation”eg. He should/ought to get up early and take some exercise every day.3.Modal auxiliaries would rather expressing “preference”eg. I would rather do some reading.4.Modal auxiliaries must and can't used to express “strong probability”and “impossibility”respectivelyeg. He must be in the gym. // He can't be there.Useful Expressionsgo-mountain climbing be in good healthtake notice of be weak in / be poor insuffer from sth. live transmission of sports eventsDialogue A Trip to ChinaA. Listening to the recordingB. Questions on specific detailsC. Broad questions:1. Describe the changes in China's rural areas, particularly in the coastal areas.2. What are the ways in which Chinese farmers get up-to-date information?3. Why college education important for modern farmers?4. Do you believe in “You get what you put in”?D. Language Points1. Fancy meeting you here.=It's a surprise to meet you here.2. world-renowned/ world-famous 世界闻名的eg. 1) Shanghai is a world-renowned cosmopolitan metropolis.上海是国际知名的大都会。
2)Tonight a solo concert will be given by a world-renowned singer in Shanghai gymnasium. 今晚一位世界著名的歌手在上海体育馆举办个人演唱会。
3. on and off/ off and on : not happening continuously or regularly断断续续地eg. 1) John has worked with Johnny on and of for 10 years.断断续续共事了十年。
2)It rained on and off all day. 雨断断续续下了一天。
4. legacy: 遗产;遗留之物,后果eg. 1) Part of her legacy from her parents is a golden pocket watch.父母留给她的遗产中有一块黄金怀表。
2)The masterpiece of Leonardo da vinci are invaluable cultural legacy of the Renaissance.达.芬奇的的杰作是文艺复兴时期宝贵的文化遗产。
5. capture: v. 抓住,捕获,夺取;(用画面、音乐,文字等)捕捉,n. 捕获,捕捉;俘虏,战利品描绘;eg. 1) The police finally captured the escaped convict after a two-weeksearch.经过两周的搜捕,警方终于抓获了逃犯。
2)Last night he met a charming woman at the party who captured his heart.昨晚他在聚会上遇到了一位让他心动的魅力女士。
3)These photographs capture the aftermath of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.这些照片捕捉了广岛和长崎原子弹爆炸后的惨状。
4)He hasn't eaten anything since his capture.自从被俘后他没有吃过任何东西。
6. inexhaustible: 用不尽的,无穷尽的eg. 1) The man seems to have an inexhaustible supply of energy.2) To be frank, my patience is not inexhaustible.重大问题显露的一小部分;冰山一角: the tip of the iceberg7.thetip of cases of the water pollution are only the eg. 1) The reported。
报道的水污染事件只是冰山一角iceberg.Only the tip of the iceberg pokes up above the surface of the sea. )2只有冰山的一角突出海平面。
)Ernest. Hemingway,1899-1961美国著名作家欧内斯特.海明威(认为作者只应描写“冰山”。
他以“冰山”为喻,提出过著名的“冰山原则”露出水面的部分,水下的部分应该通过本文的提示让读者去想象补充。
海明威的写作风格以惜墨如金且轻描淡写而著称,对美国文学以及20世纪文学的发展有极为深远的影响。
8. authentic : true or geniue真正的,真实的;that can be trusted, reliable可靠的,可信的eg. 1) The authentic manuscript of the celebrated writer is exhibited in themuseum.这位著名作家的手稿陈列在博物馆里。
2)The police have obtained all the authentic details of the murder.警方已经取得了有关那起谋杀案的所有可靠细节。
9. unparalleled a. bigger, better or worse than anything else无与伦比的,无双的(中性词)eg. 1) He has made an achievement unparalleled in sporting history.他取得的成就在体育界无人能及。
2)This county is confronted with a financial crisis upparalleled sincethe 1930s. 这个国家面临着20世纪30年代以来空前的经融危机。
.10. take sth./sb. for granted (that) : 认为…是理所当然的eg. 1) I just took it for granted that he'd always be around.我还想当然的以为他总能随叫随到呢。
2)Her husband was always there, and she just took him for granted.她丈夫随时都在身边,她认为他理应如此。
11. prevailing a. 普遍的,流行的,盛行的prevail v.eg. 1) The prevailing view seems to be that they will find her guity.一般人的看法似乎认为她会被判有罪。
the prevailing economic conditions普遍的经济状况the attitudes towards science prevailing at the time 时下对科学的流行看法2) Justice will prevail over tyranny. 正义必将战胜暴虐。
12. breathtaking: a. very exciting or impressive (usually in a pleasant way); very surprising激动人心的,惊人的eg. 1) The scene was one of the breathtaking beauty.美妙的景色宁人叹为观止。
2)He spoke with breathtaking arrogance.他说话时的傲慢态度令人乍舌。
a breathtaking view of the mountains 群山的壮丽景色a breathtakingly expensive diamond 昂贵的惊人的钻石E. Retelling1. Ted tells Bob about his trip to China.2. Ted introduces many world-famous places he has visited.3. Ted describes Xi'an's terracotta warriors and horses.4. Ted describes Chinese food and cooking styles, the spicy-hot Sichuan dishes in particular.Reading 1 Human NeedsA.Listening to the recordingB.Questions on specific details1.Why is food a basic need?2.How can we avoid malnutrition?3.Why did primitive people eat only the food that could be grown near their homes?4.What is the difference between needs and wants?(Needs are something necessary to life, and wants are things that we'd like to have.)5.How do we differ from primitive men in our food wants? three things that a modern house contains but an ancient palace did not?C.The structure of the passagePart 1 (para.1-para.3) What is a basic human need?-food.Part 2 (para.4) clothing.Part 3 (para.5) shelter.nguage Points1.do without: do sth.without sth. or sb.没有某人或某物也可以做某事eg. 1) Man cannot do without water.2) We ran out of surgar so you'll have to do without.所以你得克服一下了。