【Selected】2010至2017考研英语二作文真题.docx

2017考研英语二作文真题The first paragraph could start with a casual observation about the challenges of preparing for the 2017 exam. You might say something like, "Man, the thought of taking the 2017 graduate entrance exam for English II gives me butterflies in my stomach. It's not just about the test itself, it's all the preparation that comes with it."In the second paragraph, you could shift to a more optimistic tone, discussing the excitement of the learning process. "But you know, it's not all bad. There's something exciting about diving into all those books and articles, expanding your vocabulary, and honing your grammar skills. It's like a treasure hunt for knowledge."The third paragraph could take a more personal turn, sharing some specific challenges you've faced while studying. "For me, the hardest part is staying focused.It's so easy to get distracted by social media or TV, and then realize that you've wasted an entire afternoon withoutmaking any progress."In the fourth paragraph, you might offer some practical advice to other test-takers. "One thing that helps me stay on track is setting daily goals. Even if it's just reading a few pages or doing a practice problem, it feels good to check something off my list."And finally, the last paragraph could end on a hopeful note, looking forward to the exam and what comes after. "All this hard work will be worth it in the end.。

2010考研英语二作文With the advent of the digital age, the landscape ofeducation has been revolutionized. The integration of digital technology in the classroom has not only transformed the way teachers teach but also how students learn. This essay will explore the positive and negative impacts of digital technology on education and discuss the potential it holdsfor the future.Firstly, one of the most significant advantages of digital technology in education is the accessibility it provides. Students can now access a wealth of information at their fingertips through the internet. Online resources such as educational videos, e-books, and digital lectures have made learning more convenient and flexible. This is particularly beneficial for students who may have time constraints or geographical limitations that prevent them from attending traditional classes.Secondly, digital technology has facilitated more interactive and engaging learning experiences. The use of multimediatools like presentations, simulations, and games can make complex subjects more approachable and enjoyable for students. For instance, a history lesson can come alive through avirtual reality tour of a historical site, providing a more immersive learning experience.However, there are also concerns about the over-reliance ondigital technology in education. One of the primary issues is the potential for distraction. With the plethora of online content available, students may find it challenging to stay focused on their studies, especially when social media and other digital distractions are just a click away.Additionally, the digital divide is another significant challenge. Not all students have equal access to digital devices and high-speed internet, which can exacerbateexisting educational inequalities. Ensuring that digital technology benefits all students requires addressing these disparities and providing the necessary resources to those in need.In conclusion, digital technology has brought about profound changes in the field of education. While it offers numerous benefits such as accessibility and engaging learning experiences, it also presents challenges like distraction and the digital divide. As we move forward, it is crucial for educators and policymakers to harness the potential ofdigital technology while mitigating its drawbacks to ensure that education remains effective and inclusive for all students.Word Count: 350 words。

2017考研英语（一）、英语（二）真题及答案（完整版）来源：文都教育2017考研英语（一）真题及答案（完整版）Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing th e common cold after being 7 to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxyt ocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1.［A］Besides［B］Unlike［C］Throughout［D］Despite2.［A］equal［B］restricted［C］connected［D］inferior3.［A］view［B］host［C］lesson［D］choice4.［A］avoid［B］forget［C］recall［D］keep5.［A］collecting［B］affecting［C］guiding［D］involving6.［A］on［B］in［C］at［D］of7.［A］devoted［B］attracted［C］lost［D］exposed8.［A］along［B］across［C］down［D］out9.［A］imagined［B］denied［C］doubted［D］calculated10.［A］served［B］restored［C］explained［D］required11.［A］Thus［B］Still［C］Rather［D］Even12.［A］defeats［B］symptoms［C］errors［D］tests13.［A］highlighted［B］increased［C］controlled［D］minimized14.［A］presented［B］equipped［C］associated［D］compared15.［A］assess［B］generate［C］moderate［D］record16.［A］in the name of［B］in the form of［C］inthe face of［D］in the way of17.［A］attribute［B］commit［C］transfer［D］return18.［A］unless［B］because［C］though［D］until19.［A］remains［B］emerges［C］vanishes［D］decreases20.［A］experiences［B］combines［C］justifies［D］influences【答案】1—5 ACBAD 6—10 ADCDC 11—15 DBBCB 16—20 CABADSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to_________.[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travellers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to_________.[A] quieter.[B] cheaper.[C] wider.[D] faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is_________.[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best titlefor the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety.[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution.[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines.[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes.【答案】21—25 CCADCText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the pikothat connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past； it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT s ite was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates_________.[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to_________.[A] its geographical features.[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because_________.[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy_________.[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of_________.[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.【答案】26—30 ABBADText 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes – all things that contribute to a per son’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he_________.[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_________.[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that_________.[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35. Which of the following is the best for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson.[B]GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health.[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP.[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being.【答案】31—35 CBDCAText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accep ting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court_________.[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves_________.[A] concrete returns for gift-givers[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts[C] leaking secrets intentionally.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is d on t he assumption that public officials are_________.[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to_________.[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is_________.[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportive.【答案】36—40 CCABDPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the listA-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] The first published ske tch, “A Dinner at Poiar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B] The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, because a national figure.[C] Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfull y insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a Drawing Dickens felt, was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the Change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.[D] Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. Amoralist, satirist, and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dick ens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F]Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay office a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dickens’ mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dickens’ birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a sho e-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens’s greatest wound and became hisdeepest secret.He could not confined them even to hiswi fe, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G]After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, he traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.【答案】41—45 FEACGPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol.(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that, (48) Manycountries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish, Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant. (50) It gives a basis to all organization which seeks to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.【参考译文】(46)但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply bec ome lazy and depressed. 6 , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a gre at time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the ratefor 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, bec ause leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1．[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring【答案】[C] warning2．[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty【答案】[A] inequality3．[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction【答案】[D] prediction4．[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured【答案】[A] characterized5．[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom【答案】[B] meaning6．[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 【答案】[B] Indeed7．[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated【答案】[C] working8．[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compen sat ion [D] substitute 【答案】[A] explanation9．[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among 【答案】[D] among10．[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 【答案】[C] worry about11．[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically【答案】[C] necessarily12．[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 【答案】[B] downsides13．[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course【答案】[A] absence14．[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield【答案】[D] yield15．[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship【答案】[C] virtue16．[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce 【答案】[D] scarce17．[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats 【答案】[A] demands18．[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved【答案】[B] tired19．[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into【答案】[D] into20．[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal【答案】[B] professionalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every Sat urday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour. Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the gre at legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling gre en spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C] strengthened community ties[D] bec ome an official festival【答案】[A] gained great popularity22. The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy” has failed to .[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C] improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools【答案】[B] promote sport participation23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers【答案】[C] does not emphasize elitism24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should .[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities【答案】[D] invest in public sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is.[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympathetic【答案】[B] criticalText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. ”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones bec ame a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose you r child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just bec ause a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.[A] simplify routine matters[B] absorb user attention[C] better interpersonal relations[D] increase work efficiency【答案】[B] absorb user attention27.Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.[A] takes away babies’ appetite[B] distracts children’s attention[C] slows down babies’ verbal development[D] reduces mother-child communication【答案】[D] reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C] children are ins ensitive to changes in their parents’ mood[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs【答案】[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C] ensure constant interaction with their children[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens【答案】[C] ensure constant interaction with their children30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.[A] give their parents some free time[B] make their parents more creative[C] help them with their homework[D] help them bec ome more attentive【答案】[A] give their parents some free timeText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t a cademic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college clas ses. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .[A] they think it academically misleading[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C] it feels strange to do differently from others[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses【答案】[C] it feels strange to do differently from others32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .[A] keep students from being unrealistic[B] lower risks in choosing careers[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens[D] relieve freshmen of pressures【答案】[D] relieve freshmen of pressures33. The word “acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .[A] adaptation[B] application[C] motivation[D] competition【答案】[A] adaptation34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them .[A] avoid academic failures[B] establish long-term goals[C] switch to another college[D] decide on the right major【答案】[D] decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be .[A] In Favor of the Gap Year[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year[C] The Gap Year Comes Back[D] The Gap Year: A Dilemma【答案】[A] In Favor of the Gap YearText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern bec ause of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans. Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says.” We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing, conver sat ions about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth from gre enhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is bec omes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015they .[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure【答案】[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget37. Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to.[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas[B] avoid the redirection of federal money[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds【答案】[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that .[A] public debates have not settled yet[B] fire-fighting conditions are improving[C] other factors should not be overlooked[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place【答案】[C] other factors should not be overlooked39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to .[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature【答案】[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should .[A] do away with[B] come to terms with[C] pay a price for[D] keep away from【答案】[B] come to terms withPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore,” he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may be coming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as ma nufacturing,” Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school bef ore switching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I love creating.” he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Gre at Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,” says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,” says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community Coll ege. “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is. ”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives,” she says.【答案】41 [E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find bec ause of stiff competition.42 [A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.43 [G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents.44 [B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill45 [F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, bec ause writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be honest, I said it , because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream—I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion.”【参考译文】我一直梦想着能找到一个结合时尚与出版的工作。

2017考研英语（一）、英语（二）真题及答案（完整版）来源：文都教育2017考研英语（一）真题及答案（完整版）Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing th e common cold after being 7 to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxyt ocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1.［A］Besides［B］Unlike［C］Throughout［D］Despite2.［A］equal［B］restricted［C］connected［D］inferior3.［A］view［B］host［C］lesson［D］choice4.［A］avoid［B］forget［C］recall［D］keep5.［A］collecting［B］affecting［C］guiding［D］involving6.［A］on［B］in［C］at［D］of7.［A］devoted［B］attracted［C］lost［D］exposed8.［A］along［B］across［C］down［D］out9.［A］imagined［B］denied［C］doubted［D］calculated10.［A］served［B］restored［C］explained［D］required11.［A］Thus［B］Still［C］Rather［D］Even12.［A］defeats［B］symptoms［C］errors［D］tests13.［A］highlighted［B］increased［C］controlled［D］minimized14.［A］presented［B］equipped［C］associated［D］compared15.［A］assess［B］generate［C］moderate［D］record16.［A］in the name of［B］in the form of［C］inthe face of［D］in the way of17.［A］attribute［B］commit［C］transfer［D］return18.［A］unless［B］because［C］though［D］until19.［A］remains［B］emerges［C］vanishes［D］decreases20.［A］experiences［B］combines［C］justifies［D］influences【答案】1—5 ACBAD 6—10 ADCDC 11—15 DBBCB 16—20 CABADSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to_________.[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travellers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to_________.[A] quieter.[B] cheaper.[C] wider.[D] faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is_________.[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best titlefor the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety.[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution.[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines.[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes.【答案】21—25 CCADCText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the pikothat connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past； it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT s ite was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates_________.[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to_________.[A] its geographical features.[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because_________.[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy_________.[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of_________.[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.【答案】26—30 ABBADText 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes – all things that contribute to a per son’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he_________.[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_________.[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that_________.[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35. Which of the following is the best for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson.[B]GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health.[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP.[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being.【答案】31—35 CBDCAText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accep ting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court_________.[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves_________.[A] concrete returns for gift-givers[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts[C] leaking secrets intentionally.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is d on t he assumption that public officials are_________.[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to_________.[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is_________.[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportive.【答案】36—40 CCABDPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the listA-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] The first published ske tch, “A Dinner at Poiar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B] The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, because a national figure.[C] Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfull y insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a Drawing Dickens felt, was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the Change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.[D] Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. Amoralist, satirist, and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dick ens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F]Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay office a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dickens’ mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dickens’ birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a sho e-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens’s greatest wound and became hisdeepest secret.He could not confined them even to hiswi fe, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G]After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, he traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.【答案】41—45 FEACGPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol.(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that, (48) Manycountries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish, Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant. (50) It gives a basis to all organization which seeks to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.【参考译文】(46)但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。

2017考研英语二作文真题As an AI, I don't have access to real historical data or documents, including specific exam papers. However, I can create a fictional example of what a 2017 postgraduate entrance examination English composition might look like in China, based on common themes and formats used in such exams.In the era of globalization, cultural exchange has become an integral part of our lives. It is not only a means of promoting mutual understanding and respect among different nations, but also a powerful tool for fostering global harmony and cooperation.Body:1. Introduction:- The essay begins with an introduction to thesignificance of cultural exchange in today's interconnected world.2. Paragraph 1 - Benefits of Cultural Exchange:- Discuss the benefits of cultural exchange, such as broadening one's horizons, promoting diversity, and enhancing creativity.- Provide examples of how cultural exchange has led to thedevelopment of new ideas and innovations.3. Paragraph 2 - Challenges in Cultural Exchange:- Address the challenges that arise from cultural exchange, such as cultural misunderstandings and the risk of cultural homogenization.- Suggest ways to overcome these challenges, likepromoting open dialogue and mutual respect.4. Paragraph 3 - Personal Experience:- Share a personal experience or anecdote that illustrates the impact of cultural exchange on an individual or community. - Reflect on how this experience has shaped one's perspective on the importance of cultural exchange.5. Conclusion:- Summarize the main points discussed in the essay.- Conclude with a strong statement about the enduringvalue of cultural exchange in our globalized society.Example Sentences:- "Cultural exchange is a bridge that connects people from different backgrounds, allowing them to share their unique perspectives and experiences."- "While cultural exchange can sometimes lead to misunderstandings, it also opens doors to new opportunities and ideas."- "My own experience studying abroad taught me the value of embracing different cultures and the importance of being adaptable in a globalized world."- "In conclusion, cultural exchange is not just a means to an end, but a vital component of our global community that enriches our lives and strengthens our bonds."This is a fictional example and may not reflect the actual content or structure of the 2017 postgraduate entrance examination English composition in China.。

2010英语二作文真题2010年英语二作文真题：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: My View on the Importance of Confidence. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 自信心在人生中的重要性；2. 举例说明自信心给人带来的好处；3. 你如何在学习和生活中树立自信心。

My View on the Importance of Confidence。

Confidence is crucial in our lives. It is the belief in oneself and one's ability to succeed. Without confidence,it is difficult to achieve anything. Therefore, it isimportant to develop and maintain a strong sense of confidence.Confidence brings about numerous benefits. Firstly, it allows individuals to take on challenges and pursue their goals. With confidence, people are more willing to step out of their comfort zones and take risks. This can lead to personal growth and development. Moreover, confidence can also improve one's performance. When individuals believe in themselves, they are more likely to put in the effort and perform better in various aspects of their lives.In order to build confidence, it is important to set realistic goals and work towards achieving them. By setting achievable goals, individuals can experience success and build their confidence. Additionally, it is important to surround oneself with supportive and positive people who can help boost confidence. Finally, it is essential to practice self-compassion and celebrate small victories in order to maintain a strong sense of confidence.In conclusion, confidence is a vital trait that cangreatly impact one's life. It is important to cultivate and nurture confidence in order to achieve success and fulfillment. By believing in oneself and one's abilities, individuals can overcome obstacles and reach their full potential.。

20RR年考研英语二真题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.ForeachnumberedblanAtherearefourchoicesmarA edA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarARouranswersonANSWERSHEETl.(10points) TheoutbreaAofswinefluthatwasfirstdetectedinMeRicowasdeclaredaglobalepidemico nJune11,20RR.Itisthefirstworldwideepidemic__1__bRtheWorldHealthOrganizationin41Re ars.Theheightenedalert__2__anemergencRmeetingwithflueRpertsinGenevathatconvene dafterasharpriseincasesinAustralia,andrising__3__inBritain,Japan,Chileandelsewhere.Buttheepidemicis"__4__"inseveritR,accordingtoMargaretChan,theorganization'sdire ctorgeneral,__5__theoverwhelmingmajoritRofpatientseRperiencingonlRmildsRmptomsa ndafullrecoverR,ofteninthe__6__ofanRmedicaltreatment.TheoutbreaAcametoglobal__7__inlateApril20RR,whenMeRicanauthoritiesnoticedan unusuallRlargenumberofhospitalizationsanddeaths__8__healthRadults.AsmuchofMeRico CitRshutdownattheheightofapanic,casesbeganto__9__inNewRorACitR,thesouthwestern UnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.IntheUnitedStates,newcasesseemedtofade__10__warmerweatherarrived.ButinlateSe ptember20RR,officialsreportedtherewas__11__fluactivitRinalmosteverRstateandthatvirtu allRallthe__12__testedarethenewswineflu,alsoAnownas(A)H1N1,notseasonalflu.IntheU.S., ithas__13__morethanonemillionpeople,andcausedmorethan600deathsandmorethan6,00 0hospitalizations.Federalhealthofficials__14__TamifluforchildrenfromthenationalstocApileandbegan__ 15__ordersfromthestatesforthenewswinefluvaccine.Thenewvaccine,whichisdifferentfrom theannualfluvaccine,is__16__aheadofeRpectations.Morethanthreemilliondosesweretobe madeavailableinearlROctober20RR,thoughmostofthose__17__doseswereoftheFluMistna salspraRtRpe,whichisnot__18__forpregnantwomen,peopleover50orthosewithbreathingdifficulties,heartdiseaseorseveralother__19__.Butitwasstillpossibletovaccinatepeopleinoth erhigh-risAgroup:healthcareworAers,people__20__infantsandhealthRRoungpeople.1[A]criticized [B]appointed [C]commented [D]designated2[A]proceeded [B]activated [C]followed [D]prompted3[A]digits [B]numbers [C]amounts [D]sums4[A]moderate [B]normal [C]unusual [D]eRtreme5[A]with [B]in [C]from [D]bR6[A]progress [B]absence [C]presence [D]favor7[A]realitR [B]phenomenon [C]concept [D]notice8.[A]over [B]for [C]among [D]to9[A]staRup [B]cropup [C]fillup [D]coverup10[A]as [B]if [C]unless [D]until11[A]eRcessive [B]enormous [C]significant [D]magnificent12[A]categories [B]eRamples [C]patterns [D]samples13[A]imparted [B]immerse [C]injected [D]infected14[A]released [B]relaRed [C]relieved [D]remained15[A]placing [B]delivering [C]taAing [D]giving16[A]feasible [B]available [C]reliable [D]applicable17[A]prevalent [B]principal [C]innovative [D]initial18[A]presented [B]restricted [C]recommended [D]introduced19[A]problems [B]issues [C]agonies [D]sufferings20[A]involvedin [B]caringfor [C]concernedwith [D]wardingoffSectionSectionⅡReadingcomprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebRch oosingA,B,CandD.MarARouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TeRt1ThelongestbullruninacenturRofart-marAethistorRendedonadramaticnotewithasaleo f56worAsbRDamienHirst,BeautifulInsideMRHeadForever,atSothebR’s inLondononSept ember15th20RR.Allbuttwopiecessold,fetchingmorethanā70m,arecordforasalebRasingle artist.ItwasalastvictorR.Astheauctioneercalledoutbids,inNewRorAoneoftheoldestbanAso nWallStreet,LehmanBrothers,filedforbanAruptcR.TheworldartmarAethadalreadRbeenlosingmomentumforawhileafterrisingbewilderin glRsince20RR.AtitspeaAin20RRitwasworthsome$65billion,recAonsClareMcAndrew,foun derofArtsEconomics,aresearchfirm—doublethefigurefiveRearsearlier.SincethenitmaRhav ecomedownto$50billion.ButthemarAetgeneratesinterestfarbeRonditssizebecauseitbring stogethergreatwealth,enormousegos,greed,passionandcontroversRinawaRmatchedbRf ewotherindustries.IntheweeAsandmonthsthatfollowedMr Hirst’s sale,spending of anR sort became deeplRunfashionable.IntheartworldthatmeantcollectorsstaRedawaRfromgalleriesandsalerooms .SalesofcontemporarRartfellbRtwo-thirds,andinthemostoverheatedsector,theRweredow nbRnearlR90%intheReartoNovember20RR.WithinweeAsthe world’s twobiggestauctionh ouses,SothebR’s and Christie’s,hadtopaRoutnearlR$200minguaranteestoclientswhoha dplacedworAsforsalewiththem.ThecurrentdownturnintheartmarAetistheworstsincetheJapanesestoppedbuRingImp ressionistsattheendof1989.ThistimeeRpertsrecAonthatpricesareabout40%downontheirp eaAonaverage,thoughsomehavebeenfarmorefluctuant.ButEdwardDolman,Christie’s chi efeRecutive,saRs:“I’m prettRconfident we’re atthe bottom.”WhatmaAesthisslumpdifferentfromthelast,hesaRs,isthattherearestillbuRersinthemar Aet.AlmosteverRonewhowasinterviewedforthisspecialreportsaidthatthebiggestproblem atthemomentisnotalacAofdemandbutalacAofgoodworAtosell.ThethreeDs—death,debtanddivorce—stilldeliverworAsofarttothemarAet.ButanRonewhodoesnothavetosellisAeepi ngawaR,waitingforconfidencetoreturn.21.Inthefirstparagraph,DamienHirst'ssalewasreferredtoas“a lastvictorR”because____.A.theartmarAethadwitnessedasuccessionofvictoriesB.theauctioneerfinallRgotthetwopiecesatthehighestbidsC.BeautifulInsideMRHeadForever wonoverallmasterpiecesD.itwassuccessfullRmadejustbeforetheworldfinancialcrisis22.BRsaRing“spending ofanRsortbecamedeeplR unfashionable”(Para.3),theauthorsuggeststhat_____.A.collectorswerenolongeractivelRinvolvedinart-marAetauctionsB.peoplestoppedeverRAindofspendingandstaRedawaRfromgalleriesC.artcollectionasafashionhadlostitsappealtoagreateRtentD.worAsofartingeneralhadgoneoutoffashionsotheRwerenotworthbuRing23.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTture?A.SalesofcontemporarRartfelldramaticallRfrom20RRto20RR.B.TheartmarAetsurpassedmanRotherindustriesinmomentum.C.TheartmarAetgenerallRwentdownwardinvariouswaRs.D.Someartdealerswereawaitingbetterchancestocome.24.ThethreeDsmentionedinthelastparagraphare____A.auctionhouses'favoritesB.contemporarRtrendsC.factorspromotingartworAcirculationD.stRlesrepresentingImpressionists25.ThemostappropriatetitleforthisteRtcouldbe___A.FluctuationofArtPricesB.Up-to-dateArtAuctionsC.ArtMarAetinDeclineD.ShiftedInterestinArtsTeRt2IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom--awomen'sgroupth athadinvitedmentojointhem.ThroughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlRtalAativ efrequentlRofferingideasandanecdoteswhilehiswifesatsilentlRbesidehimonthecouch.To wardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlRcomplainthattheirhusbands don'ttalAtothem.ThismanquicAlRconcurred.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid"She'sthet alAerinourfamilR."Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlooAedpuzzledandhurt."It'strue"he eRplained."WhenIcomehomefromworAIhavenothingtosaR.Ifshedidn'tAeeptheconversat iongoingwe'dspendthewholeeveninginsilence."ThisepisodecrRstallizestheironRthatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalAmorethanwo meninpublicsituationstheRoftentalAlessathome.AndthispatterniswreaAinghavocwithma rriage.ThepatternwasobservedbRpoliticalscientistAndrewHacAerinthelate'70s.SociologistC atherineAohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbooA"DivorceTalA"thatmostofthewomenshein terviewed--butonlRafewofthemen--gavelacAofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivor ces.GiventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearlR50percentthatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUn itedStateseverRRear--avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.InmRownresearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednot ontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanRahusbandt ohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailRlife-supportworAliAecleaningcooAingsocialarr angementsanderrands.InsteadtheRfocusedoncommunication:"Hedoesn'tlistentome""H edoesn'ttalAtome."IfoundasHacAerobservedRearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusba ndstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethiseRpectationof theirwives.InshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotRpicalcartoonsceneo famansittingatthebreaAfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisfacewhileawomangl aresatthebacAofitwantingtotalA.26.Whatismostwives'maineRpectationoftheirhusbands?A.TalAingtothem.B.Trustingthem.C.Supportingtheircareers.D.ShsringhouseworA.27.JudgingfromtheconteRt,thephrase“wrea Aing havoc”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablRmeans___.A.generatingmotivation.B.eRertinginfluenceC.causingdamageD.creatingpressure28.AllofthefollowingaretrueERCEPT_______A.mentendtotalAmoreinpublictanwomenB.nearlR50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbRfailedconversationC.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouplesD.afemaletendstobemoretalAativeathomethanherspouse29.WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemianideaofthisteRt?A.ThemoraldecaRingdeservesmoreresearchbRsociologists.B.MarriagebreaA_upstemsfromseRinequalities.C.HusbandandwofehavedifferenteRpectationsfromtheirmarriage.D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.30.InthefollowingpartimmediatelRafterthisteRt,theauthorwillmostprobablRfocuson______A.avividaccountofthenewbooADivorceTalAB.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotRpicalcartoonC.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S.D.abriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHacAerTRet3overthepastdecade,manRcompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehavi ors—habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollars whencustomerseatsnacAs,applRlotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinAing,ofteninr esponsetoacarefullRdesignedsetofdailRcues.“There arefundamentalpublichealthproblems,liAehandwashingwithsoap,thatremai nAillersonlRbecausewe can’t figureouthowtochange people’shabits,”Dr.Curtissaid.“WewantedtolearnfromprivateindustrRhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatical lR.”ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnile ver—hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesin consumers’livest hatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.IfRoulooAhardenough,R ou’ll findthatmanRoftheproductsweuseeverRdaR—chewin ggums,sAinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacAs,anti perspirants,colognes,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofmanufacture dhabits.AcenturRago,fewpeopleregularlRbrushedtheirteethmultipletimesadaR.TodaR,be causeofcannRadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manRAmericanshabituallRgivetheir pearlRwhitesacavitR-preventingscrubtwiceadaR,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheother brands.Afewdecadesago,manRpeople didn’t drinAwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecom paniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworAersunthinAinglR sipbottledwateralldaRlong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilRbRadolescentboRs,isnowf eaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.SAinmoistu rizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautRrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandput tingonmaAeup.“Our productssucceedwhentheRbecomepartofdailRorweeAlR patterns,”saidCarolB erning,aconsumerpsRchologistwhorecentlRretiredfromProcter&Gamble,thecompanRth atsold$76billionofTide,CrestandotherproductslastRear.“Creating positivehabitsisahuge partofimprovingour consumers’lives,and it’s essentialtomaAingnewproductscommerci allR viable.”ThrougheRperimentsandobservation,socialscientistsliAeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatt hereispowerintRingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughrelentlessadvertising.Asthisn ewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedt osellquestionablebeautRcreamsorunhealthRfoods.31.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitsliAehandwashingwithsoap________.[A]shouldbefurthercultivated[B]shouldbechangedgraduallR[C]aredeepiRrootedinhistorR[D]arebasicallRprivateconcerns32.Bottledwater,chewinggunandsAinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto____[A]revealtheirimpacton people’habits[B]showtheurgentneedofdailRnecessities[C]indicatetheireffecton people’bu Ringpower[D]manifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits33.whichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreate people’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34.FromtheteRtweAonwthatsomeof consumer’s habitsaredevelopeddueto_____[A]perfectedartofproducts[B]automaticbehaviorcreation[C]commercialpromotions[D]scientificeRperiments35.the author’sattitude towardtheinfluenceofadvertisementon people’shabitsis____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedTeRt4ManRAmericansregardthejurRsRstemasaconcreteeRpressionofcrucialdemocraticval ues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracR areequallRcompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlRfromarepres entativecrosssectionofthecommunitR;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonaj urRonaccountofrace,religion,seR,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbRthe irpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunitRandnotjustthelett erofthelaw.ThejurRisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingeRampleofdirectratherthanrepresenta tivedemocracR.InadirectdemocracR,citizenstaAeturnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanel ectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.ButasrecentlRasin1986,jurRselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideal s.Insomestates,foreRample,jurRdutRwaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlRsuperiorintellige nce,education,andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadproh ibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjurRselectionasearlRasthe1880caseofstrauderv.W estVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenient waRaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws.ThesRstemalsofailedtoregularlRincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcenturR.Alt houghwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajoritRofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjurRdutR.EventhenseveralstatesautomaticallReRempted womenfromjurRdutRunlesstheRpersonllRasAedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurRlist. ThispracticewasjustifiedbRtheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditAeptjuriesunre presentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurRSelectionandServiceAct,usheri nginaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejurR.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequire mentsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionofthee ntirecommunitR.InthelandmarA1975decisionTaRlorv.Louisiana,theSupremeCourteRtend edtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitRtothestatelevel.T heTaRlordecisionalsodeclaredseRdiscriminationinjurRselectiontobeunconstitutionaland orderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.36.FromtheprinciplesoftheUSjurRsRstem,welearnthat______[A]bothlitcrateandilliteratepeoplecanserveonjuries[B]defendantsareimmunefromtrialbRtheirpeers[C]noagelimitshouldbeimposedforjurRservice[D]judgmentshouldconsidertheopinionofthepublic37.Thepracticeofselectingso—calledelitejurorspriorto1968showed_____[A]theinadcquavRofantidiscriminationlaws[B]theprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertainraces[C]theconflictingidealsinjurRselectionprocedures38.Eveninthe1960s,womenwereseldomonthejurRlistinsomestatesbecause_____[A]theRwereautomaticallRbannedbRstatelaws[B]theRfellfarshortoftherequiredqualifications[C]theRweresupposedtoperformdomesticduties[D]theRtendedtoevadepublicengagement39.AftertheJurRSelectionandServiceActwaspassed.___[A]seRdiscriminationinjurRselectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeabolished[B]educationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederaljurors[C]jurorsatthestateleveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentirecommunitR[D]statesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejurRsRstem40.indiscussingtheUSjurRsRstem,theteRtcenterson_______[A]itsnatureandproblems[B]itscharacteristicsandtradition[C]itsproblemsandtheirsolutions[D]itstraditionanddevelopmentPartBDirections: ReadthefollowingteRtanddecidewhethereachofthestatementsistrueorfalse.ChooseTifthe statementistrueorFitthestatementisnottrue.MarARouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10poi nts)CopRingBirdsMaRSaveAircraftFuelBOTHBoeingandAirbushavetrumpetedtheefficiencRoftheirnewestaircraft,the787and A350respectivelR.TheircleverdesignsandlightweightcompositescertainlRmaAeadifferenc e.ButagroupofresearchersatStanfordUniversitR,ledbRIlanAroo,hassuggestedthatairlines couldtaAeamorenaturalisticapproachtocuttingjet-fueluse,anditwouldnotrequirethemto buRnewaircraft.Theanswer,saRsDrAroo,lieswithbirds.Since1914,andaseminalpaperbRaGermanresea rchercalledCarlWieselsberger,scientistshaveAnownthatbirdsflRinginformation—aV-shap e,echelonorotherwise—eRpendlessenergR.Theairflowingoverabirdswingscurlsupwardsb ehindthewingtips,aphenomenonAnownasupwash.OtherbirdsflRingintheupwasheRperie ncereduceddrag,andspendlessenergRpropellingthemselves.PeterLissaman,anaeronauticseRpertwhowasformerlRatCaltechandtheUniversitRofSouthernCalifornia,hassuggestedt hataformationof25birdsmightenjoRarangeincreaseof71%.Whenappliedtoaircraft,theprinciplesarenotsubstantiallRdifferent.DrArooandhisteam modelledwhatwouldhappenifthreepassengerjetsdepartingfromLosAngeles,SanFrancisc oandLasVegasweretorendezvousoverUtah,assumeaninvertedV-formation,occasionallRs wapplacessoallcouldhaveaturninthemostfavourablepositions,andproceedtoLondon.The Rfoundthattheaircraftconsumedasmuchas15%lessfuel(withaconcomitantreductionincar bon-dioRideoutput).Nitrogen-oRideemissionsduringthecruisingportionsoftheflightfellb Raroundaquarter.Thereare,ofcourse,AinAstobeworAedout.OneconsiderationissafetR,oratleasttheperc eptionofit.WouldpassengersfeelcomfortabletravellinginconvoR?DrAroopointsoutthatth eaircraftcouldbeseparatedbRseveralnauticalmiles,andwouldnotbeintheunnervinglRcosR groupingsfavouredbRdisplaRteamsliAetheRedArrows.Apassengerpeeringoutofthewind owmightnotevenseetheotherplanes.Whethertheseparationdistancesinvolvedwouldsatisf Rair-traffic-controlregulationsisanothermatter,althoughaworAinggroupattheInternation anisationhasincludedthepossibilitRofformationflRinginablueprintforn ewoperationalguidelines.ItremainstobeseenhowweatherconditionsaffecttheairflowsthatmaAeformationflight moreefficient.Inzonesofincreasedturbulence,the planes’waAeswilldecaRmorequicAlRan dtheeffectwilldiminish.DrAroosaRsthisisoneoftheareashisteamwillinvestigatefurther.Itmi ghtalsobehardforairlinestoco-ordinatethedeparturetimesanddestinationsofpassengerair craftinawaRthatwouldallowthemtogainfromformationflight.Cargoaircraft,incontrast,mig htbeeasiertoreschedule,asmightroutinemilitarRflights.Asithappens,America’s armedforcesareonthecasealreadR.EarlierthisRearthecountrR ’s DefenceAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencRannouncedplanstopaRBoeingtoinvestigat eformationflight,thoughtheprogrammehasRettobegin.TherearereportsthatsomemilitarRaircraftflewinformationwhentheRwerelowonfuelduringthesecondworldwar,butDrLissam ansaRstheRareapocrRphal.“M RfatherwasanRAFpilotandmRcousinthesAipperofaLancas terlostover Berlin,”headds.SoheshouldAnow.41.FindingsoftheStanfordUniversitRresearcherswillpromotethesalesofnewBoeingandAir busaircraft.42.TheupwasheRperiencemaRsavepropellingenergRaswellasreducingresistance.43.Formationflightismorecomfortablebecausepassengerscannotseetheotherplanes.44.TherolethatweatherplaRsinformationflighthasnotRetbeenclearlRdefined.45.IthasbeendocumentedthatduringWorldWarII,A merica’s armedforcesoncetriedforma tionflighttosavefuel.SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:InthissectionthereisateRtinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese.WriteRourtransl ationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)“Suatainabilit R”hasbecomeapopularwordthesedaRs,buttoTedNing,theconceptwill alwaRshavepersonalmeaning.HavingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilitRinhisownli femadeitcleartohimthatsustainabilitR-orientedvaluesmustbeeRpressedthougheverRdaR actionandchoice.NingrecallsspendingaconfusingRearinthelate1990ssellinginsurance.He’d beenthou ghthedot-comboomandburstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagencR.It didn’t gowell.“It wasareallRhadmovebecause that’s notmR passion,”saRsNing,w hosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictablR,intoalacAofsales.“I wasmiserable,Ihads omuchanRietRthatIwouldwaAeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomo neRandneededthejob.EverRonesaid,‘Just wait,R ou’l ltrunthecorner,giveitsome time.’”SectionⅣWritingPartA47.Directions:RouhavejustcomebacAfromtheU.S.asamemberofaSino-Americancultural eRchangeprogram.WritealettertoRourAmericancolleagueto1)ERpressRourthanAsforhis/herwarmreception;2)Welcomehim/hertovisitChinainduecourse.Roushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2. e“ZhangWei”instead. DonotwriteRouraddress.(10points)PartB48.Directions:Inthissection,RouareasAedtowriteanessaRbasedonthefollowingchart.InRo urwriting,Roushould1)Interpretthechartand2)GiveRourcomments.Roushouldwriteatleast150words.WriteRouressaRononANSWERSHEET2.(15points)20RR年考研英语二答案SectionIUSEofEnglish1[D]2[C]3[B]4[A]5[A]6[B]7[D]8[ C]9[B]10[A]11[C]12[D]13[D]14[A]15[C]16[B]17[D]18[C]19[A]20[B] SectionIIReadingComprehension21D选【D】，因为第一段段尾句Astheauctioneercalledoutbids,inNewRorAoneoftheoldestbanAsonWallStreet,LehmanBrothers,filedforbanAruptcR.即雷曼兄弟公司破产。

2010年考研英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic__1__ by the World Health Organization in 41 years. The heightened alert__2__an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising__3__in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere. But the epidemic is "__4__" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, __5__ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the __6__ of any medical treatment. The outbreak came to global __7__ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths __8__ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to __9__ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world. In the United States, new cases seemed to fade __10__ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was __11__ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the__12__ tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has __13__ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations. Federal health officials __14__Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began__15__orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is __16__ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those __17__doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not__18__for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other __19__. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people __20__ infants and healthy young people.1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums4 [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by6 [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor7 [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice8. [A]over [B] for [C] among [D] to9 [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up10 [A] as [B] if [C] unless [D] until11 [A] excessive [B] enormous [C] significant [D]magnificent12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected [D] infected14 [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved [D] remained 215 [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking [D] giving16 [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable17 [A] prevalent [B] principal [C] innovative [D] initial18 [A] presented [B] restricted [C] recommended [D] introduced19 [A] problems [B] issues [C] agonies [D] sufferings20 [A] involved in [B] caring for [C] concerned with [D] warding off SectionSection Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B ,C and D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008 (see picture). All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” because ____.A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoryiesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22. By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggeststhat_____ .A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB. people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD. works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23. Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C. The market generally went downward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A. auction houses ' favoritesB. contemporary trendsC. factors promoting artwork circulationD. styles representing impressionists25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A. Fluctuation of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art AuctionsC. Art Market in DeclineD. Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -- a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A. Talking to them.B. Trusting them.C. Supporting their careers.D. Shsring housework.27. Judgin g from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A. generating motivation.B. exerting influenceC. causing damageD. creating pressure28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A. men tend to talk more in public tan womenB. nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC. women attach much importance to communication between couplesD. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29. Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .B. Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C. Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30. In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on ______A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits —among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins —are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our cons umers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31. According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deepiy rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32. Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on people’buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33. which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34. From the text wekonw that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35. the author’sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36. From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37. The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures38. Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40. in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentPart BDirections:Read the following text and decide whether each of the statements is true or false. Choose T if the statement is true or F it the statement is not true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Copying Birds May Save Aircraft FuelBOTH Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.The answer, says Dr Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, and a seminal paper by a German researcher called Carl Wieselsberger, scientists have known that birds flying in formation—a V-shape, echelon or otherwise—expend less energy. The air flowing over a birds wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as up wash. Other birds flying in the up wash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California ,has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%.When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr Kroo and his team modelled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to rendezvous over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally swap places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (with a concomitant reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.There are, of course, kinks to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in convoy? Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the unnervingly cosy groupings favoured bydisplay teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation. Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes’ wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights.As it happens, America’s armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year the country’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the programme has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the second world war, but Dr Lissaman says they are apocryphal. “My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin,” he adds. So he should know.41. Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new Boeing and Airbus aircraft.42. The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.43.Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other planes.44. The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.45. It has been documented that during World War II, America’s armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel.Section Ⅲ Translation46.Directions: In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability” has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.It didn’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”Section Ⅳ WritingPart A47.Directions: You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to1)Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) Interpret the chart and2)Give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)2010年考研英语二答案Section I USE of English1 [D]2 [C]3 [B]4 [A]5 [A]6 [B]7 [D]8 [C]9 [B] 10 [A]11[C] 12 [D] 13 [D] 14 [A] 15 [C] 16 [B] 17 [D] 18 [C] 19 [A] 20 [B]Section II Reading Comprehension21 D选【D】，因为第一段段尾句As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. 即雷曼兄弟公司破产。

2010至2017考研英语二作文真题2010~2017考研英语作文真题2010年Part AYou have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to：1) Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” ins tead. Do not write your address. (10 points)PartBIn this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) Interpret the chart and2) Give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)2011Part ASuppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to:1)Congratulate him/her, and2)Give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Zhang Wei instead.Do not write the address.Part BWrite an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should :1)Interpret the chart, and2)Give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 22012Part ASuppose you have fund something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day. Write an email to the customer service center to :1)Make a complaint, and2)Demand a prompt solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Zhang Wei instead.Do not write the address.Part BWrite an essay based on the following table. In your writing you should:1)Describe the table, and2)Give your comments,You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 22013Part ASuppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to :1)Inform them about the details, and2)Encourage them to participateYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. Do not write the address.Part BWrite an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should:1)Describe the table, and2)Give your comments,You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 22014 Part A Part B Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student, write him an email to1) Tell him about your living habits, and2) Ask for advice about living thereYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2 Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Zhang Wei instead. Do not write the address.1) Describe the table, and2) Give your comments, You should write at least 150 words. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 22015Part APart BSuppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to :1) Briefly introduce the camp activities, and2) Call for volunteer You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET 2 Do not use your name or the name of your university Do not write your address1) Describe the table, and2) Give your comments, You should write at least 150 words. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 22016Part APart B Part A Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend, jack, wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice or translation. Write him a replay to:1) Thank him, and2) Give him adviceYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2 Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Zhang Wei instead. Do not write the address.1) Describe the chart, and2) Give your comments, You should write at least 150 words. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2注：37% 欣赏风景；33% 缓解压力 ； 9% 广交朋友 ；6% 培养独立能力 ； 15% 其他2017Part B Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to:1) Accept the invitation, and2) Introduce the key points of your presentationYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2 Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. Do not write the address. Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should:1) Describe the chart, and2) Give your comments, You should write at least 150 words. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2。

2010~2017考研英语作文真题2010年Part AYou have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to：1) Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instea d. Do not write your address. (10 points)PartBIn this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) Interpret the chart and2) Give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)2011Part ASuppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to:1)Congratulate him/her, and2)Give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Zhang Wei instead. Do not write the address.Part BWrite an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should :1)Interpret the chart, and2)Give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 22012Part ASuppose you have fund something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day. Write an email to the customer service center to :1)Make a complaint, and2)Demand a prompt solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Zhang Wei instead. Do not write the address.Part BWrite an essay based on the following table. In your writing you should:1)Describe the table, and2)Give your comments,You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2Part ASuppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to :1)Inform them about the details, and2)Encourage them to participateYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. Do not write the address.Part BWrite an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should:1)Describe the table, and2)Give your comments,You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2Part APart BWrite an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should:1)Describe the table, and2)Give your comments,You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student, write him an email to1)Tell him about your living habits, and2)Ask for advice about living thereYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Zhang Wei instead. Do not write the address.Part APart BWrite an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should:1)Describe the table, and2)Give your comments,You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to :1)Briefly introduce the camp activities, and2)Call for volunteerYou should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET 2Do not use your name or the name of your universityDo not write your address2016Part ASuppose you won a translation contest and your friend, jack, wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice or translation. Write him a replay to:1)Thank him, and2)Give him adviceYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Zhang Wei instead. Do not write the address.Part BWrite an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should:1)Describe the chart, and2)Give your comments,You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2注：37% 欣赏风景；33% 缓解压力；9% 广交朋友；6% 培养独立能力；15% 其他2017Part ASuppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to:1)Accept the invitation, and2)Introduce the key points of your presentationYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. Do not write the address.Part BWrite an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should:1) Describe the chart, and2) Give your comments,You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2赠送以下资料考研英语作文模板（英语一）大作文考研英语大作文一般是看图写作，从一幅图分析含义及意义，所以只需要几个好的模板，根据题目套上去就行了。

2010英语二考研作文In the era of rapid technological advancement, the landscape of modern education has been profoundly transformed. The integration of technology into educational settings has brought about a myriad of changes, from the way students learn to how teachers teach. This essay aims to explore the impact of technology on modern education, highlighting both its benefits and potential drawbacks.Firstly, technology has made education more accessible. With the advent of online learning platforms, students can now access a wealth of educational resources from anywhere in the world. This has been particularly beneficial for those who live in remote areas or have limited access to traditional educational institutions. Online courses and webinars have democratized education, allowing anyone with an internet connection to pursue their academic interests.Secondly, technology has enhanced the interactive nature of learning. Interactive whiteboards, educational apps, and virtual reality simulations have made learning more engaging and immersive. Students can now visualize complex concepts, participate in virtual experiments, and collaborate withtheir peers in real-time, regardless of geographical boundaries. This interactive approach fosters a deeper understanding and retention of knowledge.However, the integration of technology into education is notwithout its challenges. One of the most significant concerns is the digital divide, where disparities in access to technology can exacerbate existing inequalities in education. Students from less affluent backgrounds may not have the same access to technological resources, putting them at a disadvantage compared to their more privileged peers.Moreover, there is a risk that an over-reliance on technology could lead to a reduction in critical thinking and problem-solving skills. With the abundance of information readily available online, students may become too dependent on search engines and digital tools, neglecting the development oftheir own analytical abilities.In conclusion, while technology has undoubtedlyrevolutionized modern education, it is essential to strike a balance between leveraging its benefits and addressing its challenges. Educators must ensure that technology is used as a tool to enhance learning, rather than replacing the fundamental skills and human interaction that are at the core of education. By doing so, we can harness the power of technology to create a more inclusive and effective educational experience for all students.。

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案解析1.【答案】[D]【解析】思路(1)：本题目可依据句意找到意思线索，排除[A]、[B]两项。

本句的含义是“这是世界卫生组织41年来的第一起世界性瘟疫”。

[A]项criticized“批评”,可排除，其逻辑对象应该是“人或事”，不该是“瘟疫”这一客观现象；[B]项appointed“任命，委派”，可排除，其逻辑对象应该是“人”，不应是“瘟疫”；[C]、[D]两项仅看句意，线索不足。

思路(2)：上文提到“...was declared a global epidemic...”，根据declare的逻辑(“宣布为”)，可知应选[D]项designated“命名，指定”，而不是[C]项commented“评论”，这是典型的近义词复现题目。

2.【答案】[C]【解析】本题目可依据句意找到意思线索，选出答案，难度在于空格处是个长难句。

本句的理解应该抓住alert、meeting和a sharp rise三者的关系，根据after a sharp rise可知rise (“病例数的增加”)是meeting(“日内瓦专家会议”)的原因，由此可推导出alert并非是meeting的原因，而是结果，即meeting使得alert升级。

根据上述分析可以排除[B]、[D]项，[B]项activated“激活，激起”，[D]项promoted“促使，引起”，此两项都在讲alert 导致了meeting的召开，不正确。

[C]项followed意思是“接着……发生，在……后发生”，体现出after的逻辑，完全满足本句rise之后是meeting，meeting之后是alert的逻辑，所以是正确项。

而[A]项proceeded“继续”，属不及物动词，不可接宾语，在用法和逻辑上都不合适。

3.【答案】[B]【解析】本题目应该关注并列连词and，从并列呼应来看：空格后的表达in Britain...对应前面的in Australia，所以空格处rising应该对应a sharp rise in cases(“病例数的剧增”)，因此空格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。

2010年考研英语二作文参考范文：Critical thinking is an essential skill that every individual should possess in order to succeed in today's complex and rapidly changing world. It is the ability to analyze, evaluate, and interpret information in a logical and rational manner, and to make sound decisions based on evidence and reasoning. In this essay, we will discuss the importance of critical thinking and how it can be developed and nurtured in individuals.First and foremost, critical thinking is important because it enables individuals to make informed decisions and solve problems effectively. In today's information age, we are bombarded with a constant stream of information from various sources, and it is crucial to be able to sift through this information and discern what is reliable and what is not. Critical thinking allows individuals to evaluate the credibility of information, identify biasesand fallacies, and make well-informed decisions based on evidence and reasoning.Furthermore, critical thinking is essential for success in the workplace. Employers are increasingly seeking employees who can think critically, solve complex problems, and make informed decisions. In a rapidly changing and competitive global economy, individuals who possess strong critical thinking skills are more likely to thrive and succeed in their careers. They are able to adapt to new challenges, think creatively, and make sound decisions that benefit both themselves and their organizations.In addition, critical thinking is important forpersonal development and growth. It enables individuals to think independently, question assumptions, and challenge conventional wisdom. By developing critical thinking skills, individuals can become more self-aware, open-minded, and capable of engaging in meaningful and productivediscussions with others. They are better equipped to navigate the complexities of the world and make informed choices that align with their values and goals.So, how can critical thinking be developed and nurtured in individuals? One effective way is through education. Schools and universities can incorporate critical thinking into their curriculum and provide students withopportunities to practice and develop this skill. This can be done through assignments, projects, and classroom discussions that encourage students to analyze, evaluate, and interpret information in a systematic and rational manner.Another way to develop critical thinking is through practice and reflection. Individuals can engage inactivities that require them to think critically, such as solving puzzles, debating issues, or analyzing complex problems. They can also reflect on their own thought processes, identify any biases or assumptions they may have, and consider alternative perspectives and solutions.In conclusion, critical thinking is an essential skill that is important for success in today's world. It enables individuals to make informed decisions, solve problemseffectively, and navigate the complexities of the world. By developing and nurturing critical thinking skills, individuals can become more self-aware, open-minded, and capable of thriving in their personal and professional lives. It is crucial for educators, employers, and individuals themselves to recognize the importance of critical thinking and take steps to cultivate this skill in themselves and others.。

2010年英语二真题作文In recent years, with the increasing popularity of the Internet and social media, a heated debate has emerged regarding the impact of these technological advancements on human communication. Some argue that the Internet has greatly improved global communication, while others contend that it has led to the deterioration of traditional forms of communication. This essay aims to explore both sides of the argument and provide a balanced view on the topic.One of the main advantages of the Internet in terms of communication is its ability to connect people across the globe. In the past, communication with individuals from different countries required significant effort and time, but now it can be achieved with a few clicks. This has undoubtedly facilitated the exchange of ideas and perspectives, fostering a sense of global community. For instance, social media platforms have allowed people with shared interests to form online communities, where they can discuss and share knowledge on various topics. This has not only expanded individuals' horizons but also strengthened connections between people from different cultures and backgrounds.Moreover, the Internet has revolutionized the way information is disseminated, providing instant access to news and updates. Traditional media outlets often face constraints in terms of time and space, limiting their ability to provide comprehensive coverage of events. However, through online platforms, users can access a vast array of news sources, both mainstream and alternative. This has promoted freedom of information andenabled individuals to stay informed about current events on a global scale, without being solely reliant on traditional media outlets.On the other hand, critics argue that the Internet has had negative consequences on the quality of communication. They claim that the rise of social media and instant messaging has led to the erosion of face-to-face interaction and the development of shallow relationships. In the quest for online popularity and approval, individuals often prioritize quantity over quality, leading to surface-level connections devoid of genuine emotional connection. Additionally, the perceived anonymity of online communication sometimes encourages the spread of hate speech and cyberbullying, further deteriorating the quality of communication.Furthermore, the constant engagement with electronic devices for communication purposes has led to a reduced attention span and decreased ability to focus. With the influx of information available online, individuals tend to skim through content rather than engage in in-depth analysis. This can hinder the development of critical thinking skills and impair the abilityto engage in meaningful conversations.In conclusion, the impact of the Internet and social media on communication is multifaceted. While it has undeniably facilitated global communication and provided instant access to information, it has also raised concerns about the quality of interpersonal connections and the loss of face-to-face interaction. Ultimately, it is essential for individuals to strike a balance between online and offline communication, utilizing the advantages of technology while remaining aware of its potential drawbacks. By doing so,society can harness the full potential of technological advancements while preserving the importance of genuine human connection.。

英语二2010年真题The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic_____1_____ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert _____2_____an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_____3_____in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is "_____4_____" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, _____5_____ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the _____6_____ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global_____7_____in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths_____8_____healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to _____9_____in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_____10_____warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was _____11_____flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the_____12_____tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has_____13_____more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials_____14_____Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began_____15_____orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16_____ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those _____17_____doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not_____18_____for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other _____19_____. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people _____20_____infants and healthy young people.1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums4 [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by6 [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor7 [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice8. [A]over [B] for [C] among [D] to9 [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up10 [A] as [B] if [C] unless [D] until11 [A] excessive [B] enormous [C] significant [D]magnificent12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected [D] infected14 [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved [D] remained15 [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking [D] giving16 [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable17 [A] prevalent [B] principal [C] innovative [D] initial18 [A] presented [B] restricted [C] recommended [D] introduced19 [A] problems [B] issues [C] agonies [D] sufferings20 [A] involved in [B] caring for [C] concerned with [D] warding off Section Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”，at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare Mc Andrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort b ecame deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the Second World War. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on theirpeak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” because ____.A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3)，the author suggests that_____.A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C. The market generally went downward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A. auction houses ' favoritesB. contemporary trendsC. factors promoting artwork circulationD. styles representing impressionists25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A. Fluctuation of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art AuctionsC. Art Market in DeclineD. Shifted Interest in ArtsI was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true," he explained. "When I come home from work, I have nothing to say. If she didn't keepthe conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent，that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year —a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me." "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A. Talking to them.B. Trusting them.C. Supporting their careers.D. Sharing housework.27. Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A. generating motivation.B. exerting influenceC. causing damageD. creating pressure28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A. men tend to talk more in public than womenB. nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC. women attach much importance to communication between couplesD. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on ______A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed description of the stereotypicalcartoonC. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerText 3Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to —Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins— are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually C are deeply rooted in history D are basically private concerns32. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’s habits [B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C] indicate their effect on people’s buying power[D] manifest the significant role of good habits33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B] Crest[C] Colgate[D] Unilever34. From the text we know that some of consumer’s habit s are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products [B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35. The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A] indifferent[B] negative[C] positive[D] biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act,ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor vs. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36. From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that ______[A]both liberate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37. The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures[D]the arrogance common among the Supreme Court justices38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A] sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B] educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C] jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40. In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and development46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability” has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice。

2010考研英语二作文It was the year of 2010, and I was about to take the English postgraduate entrance exam. The pressure was on, and I had to study day and night to prepare for it. I remember feeling both nervous and excited at the same time. The thought of getting into my dream school kept me going, despite the challenges I faced.One thing that really helped me during my preparation was practicing speaking English with native speakers. It not only improved my speaking skills, but also gave me a better understanding of the language. I would often engage in conversations with them, discussing various topics and learning new phrases and expressions along the way.As the exam day approached, I found myself feeling more and more anxious. I had put in a lot of hard work, but I couldn't shake off the feeling of uncertainty. I tried to stay positive and calm my nerves, reminding myself that I had done everything I could to prepare.When the day finally arrived, I walked into the exam room with a mix of confidence and apprehension. The test was challenging, but I did my best to answer all the questions to the best of my ability. After it was over, I felt a sense of relief wash over me. I had given it my all, and now all I could do was wait for the results.In the end, all the hard work paid off. I received my acceptance letter from my dream school, and I couldn't have been happier. Looking back, I realized that the journey to achieving my goal was not easy, but it was definitely worth it. It taught me the importance of perseverance and determination, and I will carry those lessons with me as I continue to pursue my academic and career goals.。

2017考研英语二作文真题The 2017 Graduate Entrance Examination for English II, commonly known as the "Kao Yan" in China, featured an essay prompt that was designed to test the candidates' ability to write an argumentative essay. Here is a sample essay that could have been written in response to the prompt:In the digital age, social media has become an integral part of our daily lives. It has transformed the way we communicate and interact with each other. While some argue that social media has brought us closer together, others believe it has had a detrimental effect on our personal relationships. This essay will explore both sides of the argument and present my view on the impact of social media on personal relationships.On one hand, proponents of social media argue that it has revolutionized the way we maintain connections. With platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, we can now stay in touch with friends and family who are far away, sharing updates, photos, and messages instantly. This has made it easier than ever to keep up with the lives of those we care about, regardless of the distance that separates us.Moreover, social media has also been a powerful tool for networking and meeting new people. It allows us to connectwith individuals who share similar interests, join groups, and participate in discussions that we might not have access to in our offline lives. This can lead to the formation of new friendships and professional connections that might not have been possible otherwise.However, critics argue that social media has led to a decline in the quality of our personal relationships. They point out that while we may have more "friends" online, these connections are often superficial and lack depth. The constant barrage of updates and notifications can lead to a sense of information overload, making it difficult to focus on and maintain meaningful conversations.Additionally, the anonymity and distance provided by social media can sometimes lead to negative behaviors, such as cyberbullying and trolling. These behaviors can have a profound impact on individuals' mental health and well-being, and can strain or even sever relationships.In my opinion, while social media has undoubtedly made it easier to stay connected, it is crucial that we do not let it replace face-to-face interactions. We should use social media as a tool to enhance our relationships, not as a substitute for genuine human connection. It is important to find a balance between our online and offline lives, ensuring that we invest time and energy into nurturing the personal relationships that truly matter.In conclusion, the impact of social media on personal relationships is a complex issue with no one-size-fits-allanswer. While it offers many benefits, such as convenience and the ability to connect with a wider network, it also presents challenges that we must be mindful of. Ultimately, it is up to each individual to use social media responsibly and to prioritize the quality of their relationships over the quantity of their online connections.This essay provides a balanced view of the topic, acknowledges different perspectives, and concludes with a personal stance that emphasizes the importance of balance and quality in personal relationships.。

2017考研英语二作文真题Nowadays, with the prevalence of digital devices such as smartphones and tablets, there has been a significant shiftin the way children engage with reading material. The following essay will explore the impact of these devices on children's reading habits and discuss the potential benefits and drawbacks associated with this trend.Firstly, one of the most notable impacts is the convenience that digital devices offer. Children can access a vast array of books, articles, and other reading materials at the touch of a button, which can foster a love for reading and make it more accessible for those who may not have easy access to physical books.Secondly, digital devices often come with interactive features that can make reading more engaging for children. Features such as animations, clickable words for definitions, and interactive quizzes can enhance the reading experience and help children better understand and retain the information they read.However, there are also concerns that the overuse of digital devices may negatively affect children's reading habits. One of the primary issues is the potential for distraction. With the constant barrage of notifications, games, and social media, children may find it difficult to focus on reading for extended periods, which can hinder their ability to developdeep reading comprehension skills.Additionally, there is a debate over the quality of reading material that children may encounter on digital devices.While there are many high-quality e-books and educationalapps available, there is also a plethora of low-quality or inappropriate content that parents and educators must be vigilant about monitoring.In conclusion, digital devices have undoubtedly changed the landscape of children's reading habits. While they offer many advantages such as convenience and interactivity, they also present challenges in terms of distraction and contentquality. It is crucial for parents, educators, and policymakers to work together to ensure that children canreap the benefits of digital reading while mitigating its potential drawbacks. This may involve setting guidelines for screen time, promoting high-quality digital reading materials, and encouraging a balance between digital and traditional reading experiences.。