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化工专业英语词汇Polymerization [ˌpɔliməraiˌzeiʃən] 聚合Compounding [ˌkɔmpaundiŋ]改性reactant 反应物[riˌæktənt]recycle [riˌsaɪkəl] 循环回收crystallizetion [ˌkrɪstəlaɪˌzeɪʃn] 结晶drying [ˌdraiiŋ]干燥catalyst [ˌkætlɪst] 催化剂，separation [ˌsepəˌreɪʃən] 分离heat exchange [hi:t iksˌtʃeindʒ] 热交换temperature [ˌtempəritʃə] 温度pressure [ˌpreʃə] 压力content gauge [ˌkɔntent ɡeidʒ] 液面[位]计reactive distillation 反应精馏capital expenditure 基建投资setup 装置capital outlay 费用，成本，基建投资yield 产率，收率reaction byproduct 反应副产物equilibrium constant 平衡常数waste 废物feedstock [ˌfi:dstɔk] 进料，原料product 产物，产品percent conversion百分比转化率ether 乙醚gasoline汽油oxygenate content 氧含量catalyst 催化剂reactant 反应物inert 惰性物，不参加反应的物质reactive distillation 反应精馏energy saving 节约能量energy efficiency 能量效率heat-sensitive material 热敏性物质pharmaceutical 制药foodstuff 食品gas diffusivity气体扩散性，气体扩散系数gas adsorption 吸收；absorption：吸附specialty chemical特殊化学品，特种化学品batch间歇的；continuous：连续的micro-reactor 微型反应器hydrogen and methane oxidation 氢气和甲烷氧化反应ethylene epoxidation 乙烯环氧化反应phosgene synthesis 光气合成. commercial proportions 商业规模replication 复制sensor 传感器，探头separation of solids 固体分离suspension 悬浮液porous medium 多孔介质filtration 过滤medium 介质filter 过滤器trap 收集，捕集Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗Vacuum 真空conical funnel 锥形漏斗filter paper 滤纸area 面积filter cake 滤饼factor 因数，因子，系数，比例viscosity 黏度density 密度corrosive property 腐蚀性particle size 颗粒尺寸shape 形状size distribution 粒度分布packing characteristics填充性质concentration 浓度filtrate 滤液feed liquor 进料液pretreatment 预处理latent heat 潜热resistance 阻力surface layer 表面层filtering medium 过滤介质drop in pressure 压降filtering surface 过滤表面filter cake 滤饼cake filtration 饼层过滤deep bed filtration 深层过滤depth 深度law 定律net flow 净流量conduction 传导convection 对流radiation 辐射temperature gradient 温度梯度metallic solid 金属固体thermal conduction 热传导motion of unbound electrons 自由电子的运动electrical conductivity 导电性thermal conductivity 导热性poor conductor of electricity 不良导电体transport of momentum 动量传递the random motion of molecules 分子无规则运动brick wall 墙壁furnace 火炉，燃烧器metal wall of a tube 金属管壁macroscopic particle 宏观的粒子control volume 控制体enthalpy 焓macroscopic phenomenon 宏观现象forces of friction 摩擦力fluid mechanics 流体力学flux（通量，流通量）of enthalpy 焓通量eddy 尾流，涡流turbulent flow 湍流natural and forced convection 自然对流和强制对流buoyancy force 浮力temperature gradient 温度梯度electromagnetic wave 电磁波fused quartz 熔化的石英reflect 反射，inflection:折射matte无光泽的，无光的temperature level 温度高低inter-phase mass transfer界相际间质量传递rate of diffusion扩散速率acetone 丙酮dissolve 溶解ammonia 氨ammonia-air mixture 氨气-水混合物physical process 物理过程oxides of nitrogen 氮氧化物nitric acid 硝酸carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠actualrate of absorption 实际吸收速率two-film theory 双膜理论concentration difference 浓度差in the vicinity of 在…附近，靠近..,大约…，在…左右molecular diffusion 分子扩散laminar sub-layer 层流底层resistance 阻力，阻止boundary layer 边界层Fick’s Law费克定律is proportional to 与…成比例concentration gradient 浓度梯度plate tower 板式塔installation 装置feed 进料bottom 底部，塔底solvent 溶剂top 顶部，塔顶partial vaporization 部分汽化boiling point 沸点equimolecular counter-diffusion 等分子反向扩散ideal system 理想系统ratio of A to B A与B的比值with the result that：由于的缘故，鉴于的结果tray 塔板packed tower 填料塔bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔spray chamber 喷淋室maintenance expense 维修费foundation 基础tower shell 塔体packing material 填料pump 泵blower 风机accessory heater 附属加热器cooler 冷却器heat exchanger 换热器solvent-recovery system 溶剂回收系统operating cost 操作费用power 动力circulating gas 循环气labor 劳动力steam蒸汽regenerate再生cooling water 冷却水solvent make-up 补充溶剂optimum 最优的unabsorbed component未吸收组分purity纯度volatility挥发性vapor pressure蒸汽压liquid mixture 液体混合物condense凝缩，冷凝binary distillation双组分精馏multi-component distillation多组分精馏stage-type distillation column级板式精馏塔mount 安装，固定conduit导流管）,downcomer 降液管gravity重力weir溢流堰vapor-liquid contacting device汽液接触装置valve tray浮阀塔板reboiler再沸器vaporization汽化condensate冷凝液，凝缩液overhead vapor塔顶汽体condenser冷凝器ifeed tray进料板base塔底，基础bottoms product塔底产品condensation冷凝stripping section汽提段,提馏段distillate section精馏段total condense全凝器distillate product塔顶馏出产品reflux回流thermodynamic equilibrium 热力学平衡solution溶液fractional crystallization分步结晶solubility，溶解度，溶解性soluble可溶解的solvent溶剂employ采纳，利用miscible可混合的，可溶的，可搅拌的mechanical separation 机械分离）liquid-liquid extraction 液液萃取aromatic 芳香烃的paraffin石蜡，链烷烃lubricating oil润滑油decompose分解，离解，还原，腐烂penicillin青霉素streptomycin（链霉素）precipitation沉淀，沉析ethyl alcohol乙醇)extract萃取液heat requirement热负荷solute溶质extract phase萃取相baffle-plate折流挡板，缓冲挡板settling tank沉降槽centrifuge离心.离心机，离心分离emulsifying agent乳化剂density difference密度差raffinate萃余液extract 萃取液drying of Solids 固体干燥process material过程物料(相对最终产品而言的）organic有机的，有机物的benzene苯humidity湿度moisture content湿含量drying rate干燥速率critical moisture content临界湿湿含量falling-rate降速concave （凸的，凸面）or convex（凹的，凹面）approximate to：接近，趋近straight line：直线constant-rate drying period恒速干燥阶段convection drying对流干燥drying gas干燥气体falling-rate period降速干燥阶段mean value平均值vacuum drying真空干燥discolor变色，脱色sublime升华freeze drying冷冻干燥adiabatic绝热的，不传热的pressure gradientperpendicular to：与----垂直counter-current逆流per unit area单位面积water-cooling tower水冷塔sensible heat（sensible heat：显热）water droplet水珠，水滴quantitative relation定量关系thermal diffusion热扩散at right angles to 与…成直角，与…垂直by virtue of 由于，根据，凭借于molecular transfer分子传递balance 抵消，平衡drag forces曳力a function of …的函数of the same order具有同一数量级eddy diffusion涡流扩散is almost inversely proportional to 几乎与…成反比Reynolds number雷诺准数fully developed turbulent flow充分发展湍流coefficient系数In principle从原理而言exothermic（放热的，endothermic吸热的,adiabatic绝热的）triple bond三健，三价nitrogen oxides氮氧化物compound化合物conversion转化，转化率protein蛋白质compress压缩reaction yield反应产率reaction speed反应速度one-pass（单程）reactorenergy input能量输入maximum最大的near toequilibrium接近平衡output产出，输出，产量fertilizer化肥urea尿素ammonium nitrate硝酸铵ammonium phosphate磷酸铵ammonium sulfate硫酸铵diammonium hydrogen phosphate磷酸二氢铵ash纯碱pyridine砒啶polymers聚合物nylon尼龙acrylics丙烯酸树脂via经，由，通过，借助于hydrogen cyanide氰化氢nitric acid硝酸bulk explosive集装炸药crude oil原油natural gas天然气bitumen沥青fossil fuel化石燃料seepage渗出物asphalt沥青oil drilling采油gasoline汽油paint涂料plastic塑料synthetic rubber合成橡胶fiber纤维soap肥皂cleansing agent清洗剂wax石蜡explosive炸药oil shale油页岩deposit沉积物aquatic plant 水生植物sedimentary rock沉积岩sandstone砂岩siltstone泥岩tar sand沥青石chain-shaped链状的methane甲烷paraffin石蜡，烷烃ring-shaped（环状的）hydrocarbonnaphthene环烷烃naphtha石脑油tarry柏油的，焦油的，焦油状的asphaltene沥青油impurity杂质pollutant 污染物combustion燃烧capillarity毛细现象，毛细管力viscous resistance粘性阻力barrel桶(国际原油计量单位)tanker油轮kerosene煤油heavy gas oil重瓦斯油reforming重整cracking裂化octane number of gasoline汽油辛烷值branched-chain（带支链的）materials science材料科学mechanical, thermal, chemical, electric, magnetic, and opticalbehavior.（机械性能、热学性能、化学性能、电学性能、磁性能、光学性能）Amalgam 汞齐，水银；混合物，交叉solid state physics固体物理学metallurgy 冶金学，冶金术magnet 磁铁，有吸引力的人或物insulation 绝缘catalytic cracking 催化裂化structural steels 结构钢computer microchip 计算机芯片Aerospace 航空Telecommunication 电信information processing 信息处理nuclear power 核能energy conversion 能量转化internal structure 内部结构defect structure 结构缺陷crystal flaw 晶体瑕疵vacant atomic site 原子空位dislocation 错位precipitate 沉淀物semiconductor 半导体mechanical disturbance 机械扰动ductility 延展性brittleness 脆性spinning electrons 旋转电子amorphous 非定型的，非晶型的，非结晶的，玻璃状的；无一定目的的，乱七八糟chemical process safety 化工过程安全exotic chemistry 奇异化学hydrodynamic model水力学模型two-phase flow两相流dispersion model分散模型toxic有毒的release释放，排放probability of failure失效概率accident prevention事故预防hard hat 安全帽safety shoe防护鞋rules and regulations 规章制度loss prevention损失预防hazard identification 危害辩识，technical evaluation技术评估safety management support安全管理基础知识safety experience安全经验technical competence技术能力safety knowledge安全知识design engineer设计师cost engineer造价师process engineering过程工程plant layout工厂布局general service facilities公用工程plant location工厂选址close teamwork紧密的团队协作specialized group专业组storage仓库waste disposal废物处理terminology术语，词汇accountant会计师，会计，出纳final-proposal决议tangible return有形回报Empirical model 经验模型process control（过程控制）first-principles基本原理，基本规则regression model回归模型.operating condition操作条件nonlinear-equation-solving technique非线性方程求解技术process-simulation software packages过程模拟软件包least-squares-regression最小二乘法statistical technique 统计技术intensity强度，程度phenomenological model 现象模型model identification模式识别neural network神经网络a priori：先验的，既定的，不根据经验的，由原因推出结果的，演绎的，直觉的process data historian：过程数据历史编撰师qualitative定性的quantitative precision定量的精确high-fidelity高保真的computationally intensive计算量大的mathematical expressionsteady-state model稳态模型bioengineering生物工程artificial人工的hearing aid助听器artificial limb假肢supportive or substitute organ辅助或替代器官biosynthesis生物合成life scientist生命科学家agricultural engineer农艺师fermentation发酵civil engineer土木工程师sanitation卫生physiologists生理学criteria 指标human medicine人体医学medical electronics医疗电子medical instrumentation医疗器械blood-flow dynamics血液流动动力学prosthetics假肢器官学biomechanics生物力学surgeon外科医生replacement organ器官移植physiologist生理学家counterpart对应物，配对物psychology心理学self-taught自学barrier障碍物medical engineering医学工程，医疗工程health care保健diagnostic application of computers计算机诊断agricultural engineering农业工程biological production生物制品生产bionics（仿生学）human-factors engineering人类与环境工程environmental health engineering环境健康工程environmentally benign processing环境友好加工commodity or specialty通用商品或特殊化学品styrene苯乙烯ibuprofen异丁苯丙酸the Chemical Manufacturers Association化工生产协会as a whole整体而言emission释放物，排放物voluntary自愿的，无偿的，义务的；有意的，随意的；民办的in the absence of无---存在deactivate失活bulk chemical 大宗化工产品Fine chemical 精细化工Pharmaceutical制药segment段，片，区间，部门，部分；弓形，圆缺；分割，切断tonnage吨位，吨数，吨产量inorganic salt无机盐hydroquinone 对苯二酚demonstrate论证，证明，证实；说明，表明，显示forefront最前线，最前沿Lewis acid不可再生的路易斯酸anhydrous无水的phaseout消除HF alkylation氰氟酸烷基化catalytic oxidation催化氧化governmental regulation政府规定pharmaceutical intermediate药物中间体stereoselective立体选择性的ketone酮functional group官能团detrimental有害的chlorofluorocarbon二氯二氟化碳，氟里昂carbon tetrachloride四氯化碳straightforward简单明了的coordinating ligand配合体，向心配合体kilogram千克thermal stability热稳定性devastate破坏，蹂躏outline描绘，勾勒membrane technology膜技术production line生产线dairy牛奶water purification水净化lifetime寿命membrane module膜组件durability 耐久性，寿命，使用期限，强度chemical additive添加剂end-of-pipe solution 最终方案closed system封闭系统substitute取代，替代technical challenge技术挑战，技术困难wastewater treatment污水处理fouling污垢，发泡surface treatment表面处理applied Chemistry应用化学nomenclature of chemical compound化学化合物的命名法descriptive 描述性的prefix前缀alkane烷烃family族carbon skeleton碳骨架chain链Latin or Greek stem 拉丁或者希腊词根suffix后缀constitute取代物，取代基homologous series同系物branched chain支链烷烃parent母链，主链derivative衍生物substituent取代基locant位次，位标replicating prefix重复前缀词Gas and Liquid Chromatography气相色谱与液相色谱analytical chemistry分析化学moving gas stream移动的气流heats of solution and vaporization溶解热和汽化热activity coefficient活度系数counteract抵消milliliter毫升essential oil香精油test mixture测试混合物sample样品helium氦argon氩carrier载体injection注射stationary nonvolatile phase静止的不挥发相detector检测器fraction collector馏分收集器columnar liquid chromatography柱状液相色谱仪retention volume保留体积retention times保留时间high-performance高性能mobile phase移动相high-efficiency高效的analyte分析物plane chromatography薄层色谱capillary action毛细管作用assay分析化验fluorescence 荧光色，荧光retardation factor保留因子，延迟因子。

全国小吃英文翻译中式早點：烧饼Clay [klei]oven rolls油条Fried bread stick韭菜盒Fried leek[li:k]dumplings水饺Boiled dumplings蒸饺Steamed[sti:md]dumplings馒头Steamed buns[bʌnz]-割包Steamed sandwich['sænwidʒ]饭团Rice and vegetable roll -蛋饼Egg cakes皮蛋100-year egg咸鸭蛋Salted duck egg豆浆Soybean['sɔibi:n] milk -饭类：稀饭Rice porridge ['pɔridʒ, 'pɔ:-]白饭Plain[plein] white rice油饭Glutinous['ɡlu:tinəs] oil rice糯米饭Glutinous['ɡlu:tinəs] rice卤肉饭Braised [breizd] pork rice蛋炒饭Fried rice with egg地瓜粥Sweet potato congee['kɔndʒi:]面类：馄饨面Wonton['wɔn'tɔn]& noodles 刀削面Sliced[slaist]noodles麻辣面Spicy['spaisi] hot noodles -麻酱面Sesame['sezəmi,]paste noodles 鴨肉面Duck with noodles鱔魚面Eel[i:l]noodles乌龙面Seafood noodles榨菜肉丝面Pork, pickled['pikld]腌制的mustard ['mʌstəd]芥菜green noodles 牡蛎细面Oyster['ɔistə] thin noodles板条Flat noodles米粉Rice noodles -炒米粉Fried rice noodles冬粉Green bean noodle-汤类：鱼丸汤Fish ball soup貢丸汤Meat ball soup蛋花汤Egg & vegetable soup蛤蜊汤Clams[klæm] soup牡蛎汤Oyster['ɔistə] soup紫菜汤Seaweed['si:wi:d]soup酸辣汤Sweet & sour soup馄饨汤Wonton soup猪肠汤Pork intestine[in'testin]soup肉羹汤Pork thick soup鱿鱼汤Squid[skwid]soup花枝羹Squid thick soup -甜点：爱玉Vegetarian [,vedʒi'tεəriən] 素食者gelatin['dʒelətin] 胶制品糖葫芦Tomatoes on sticks长寿桃Longevity[lɔn'dʒevəti]Peaches 芝麻球Glutinous['ɡlu:tinəs]粘性的rice sesame balls麻花Hemp[hemp]flowers双胞胎Horse hooves[hu:vz]冰类：绵绵冰Mein mein ice麦角冰Oatmeal['əutmi:l]燕麦片ice地瓜冰Sweet potato ice紅豆牛奶冰Red bean with milk ice八宝冰Eight treasures['treʒə]ice豆花Tofu pudding果汁：甘蔗汁Sugar cane[kein]juice酸梅汁Plum[plʌm] juice杨桃汁Star fruit juice青草茶Herb[hə:b, ə:b]juice 点心：牡蛎煎Oyster['ɔistə]omelet['ɔmlit]臭豆腐Stinky['stiŋki] tofu (Smelly tofu) 油豆腐Oily bean curd麻辣豆腐Spicy hot bean curd虾片Prawn[prɔ:n] cracker['krækə]虾球Shrimp[ʃrimp]balls春卷Spring rolls蛋卷Chicken rolls碗糕Salty rice pudding['pudiŋ]豆干Dried tofu筒仔米糕Rice tube pudding红豆糕Red bean cake绿豆糕Bean paste cake糯米糕Glutinous['ɡlu:tinəs]rice cakes 萝卜糕Fried white radish ['rædiʃ] patty ['pæti]芋头糕Taro['tɑ:rəu, 'tæ-]cake肉圆Taiwanese Meatballs['mi:tbɔ:l]水晶饺Pyramid['pirəmid]dumplings肉丸Rice-meat dumplings其他：当归鸭Angelica[æn'dʒelikə] duck槟榔Betel['bi:təl] nut火锅Hot pot水果：凤梨pineapple['pain,æpl]西瓜watermelon['wɔ:təmelən]木瓜papaya[pə'pɑ:iə]槟榔betelnut['bi:tl,nʌt]栗子chestnut['tʃesnʌt]椰子coconut['kəukənʌt]碰柑ponkan橘子tangerine[,tændʒə'ri:n, 'tændʒəri:n]橘mandarin orange甘蔗sugar-cane香瓜muskmelon['mʌsk,melən]文旦shaddock['ʃædək]水蜜桃juice[dʒu:s] peach梨子pear桃子peach杨桃carambola[,kærəm'bəulə]樱桃cherry['tʃeri]柿子persimmon[pə:'simən]苹果apple芒果mango['mæŋɡəu]无花果fig[fiɡ]菱角water caltrop ['kæltrəp]杏仁almond['ɑ:mənd]李子plum[plʌm]哈密瓜honey-dew[dju:]melon['melən]枇杷loquat['ləukwɔt]橄榄olive['ɔliv]红毛丹rambutan[ræm'bu:tən]榴莲durian ['djuəriən]草莓strawberry['strɔ:bəri]葡萄grape [ɡreip]荔枝lichee[,lai'tʃi:, 'li:tʃi:]葡萄柚grapefruit['ɡreipfru:t]龙眼longan['lɔŋɡən]莲雾wax[wæks]-apple番石榴guava ['ɡwɑ:və]香蕉banana熟菜与调味品：四季豆string[striŋ]bean豌豆pea毛豆green soy bean黄豆芽soybean['sɔibi:n]sprout [spraut]绿豆芽mung[mʌŋ]bean sprout[spraut]豆芽bean sprout 豆芽甘蓝菜kale [keil]包心菜; 大白菜cabbage花椰菜broccoli ['brɔkəli]空心菜mater convolvulus[kən'vɔlvjuləs]金针菜dried lily flower芥菜mustard['mʌstəd]leaf芹菜celery['seləri]蒿菜tarragon['tærəɡən, -ɡɔn]甜菜beetroot['bi:t,ru:t] beet紫菜agar-agar['eiɡə, 'eiɡər'eiɡə]生菜lettuce['letis]菠菜spinach['spinidʒ, -itʃ]韭菜leek [li:k]香菜caraway['kærəwei]发菜hair-like seaweed['si:wi:d]海藻榨菜preserved szechuan ['setʃ'wa:n]四川的pickle['pikl] 泡，腌制雪里红salted vegetable莴苣lettuce['letis]芦荟asparagus[ə'spærəɡəs]竹笋bamboo [bæm'bu:] shoot笋干dried bamboo shoot韭黄chives[tʃaivz]白萝卜ternip胡萝卜carrot['kærət]荸荠water chestnut['tʃesnʌt]地瓜ficus[fai'kəs]tikaua 菜瓜long crooked squash丝瓜loofah['lu:fə]南瓜pumpkin['pʌmpkin ]苦瓜bitter gourd[ɡuəd]黄瓜cucumber['kju:kʌmbə]冬瓜white gourd[ɡuəd]小黄瓜gherkin ['ɡə:kin]山芋yam[jæm]芋头taro['tɑ:rəu, 'tæ-]百叶beancurd ['bi:nkə:d]sheets香菇champignon[tʃæm'pinjən]草菇button['bʌtən] mushroom['mʌʃru:m] 金针菇needle mushroom['mʌʃru:m]蘑菇agaricus[ə'ɡærikəs]冬菇dried mushroom['mʌʃru:m]番茄tomato茄子eggplant['eɡplɑ:nt]马铃薯potato, spud[spʌd]莲藕lotus r['ləutəs] oot木耳agaric ['æɡərik]白木耳white fungus['fʌŋɡəs]生姜ginger['dʒindʒə]大蒜garlic['ɡɑ:lik]蒜头garlic['ɡɑ:lik] bulb[bʌlb]葱green onion['ʌnjən]洋葱onion['ʌnjən]青葱scallion ['skæljən], leek面筋wheat gluten['ɡlu:tən]味噌miso['mi:səu]调味品seasoning['sizəniŋ]鱼子酱caviar['kæviɑ:]沙茶酱barbeque['bɑ:bəkju:] sauce 番茄酱tomato ketchup, tomato sauce 芥茉mustard盐salt糖sugar味精monosodium glutamate , gourmet powder醋vinegar甜sweet酸sour苦bitter猪油lard花生油peanut oil酱油soy sauce青椒green pepper红椒paprika八角star anise 肉挂cinnamon['sinəmən]咖喱curry['kə:ri]麦芽糖maltose['mɔ:ltəus]牛肉干jerky['dʒə:ki]牛肉片dried beef slices[slais]猪肉片dried pork slices[slais] 糖果confection[kən'fekʃən]蜜饯glace fruit果酱marmalade柿饼dried persimmon冬瓜糖candied melon红枣red jujube黑枣black date蜜枣glace date桂圆干dried longan葡萄干raisin口香糖chewing gum牛乳糖nougat薄荷糖mint水果糖drop棉花糖marshmallow牛奶糖caramel花生糖peanut brittle细砂白糖castor sugar砂糖granulated sugar 冰糖sugar candy奶酥butter biscuit年糕rice cake月饼moon cake绿豆糕green bean cake 爆米花popcorn巧克力chocolate糖炒栗子marrons glaces 牛排与酒：早餐breakfast午餐lunch早午餐brunch晚餐supper宵夜late snack正餐dinner火腿肠ham and egg奶油土司buttered toast 法国土司French toast松饼muffin酪饼cheese cake白面包white bread黑面包brown bread小型法式面包French roll 开胃菜appetizer蔬菜沙拉green salad 洋葱汤onion soup法国浓汤potage玉米浓汤corn soup蔬菜面条汤minestrone 牛尾汤ox tail soup炸鸡fried chicken烤鸡roast chicken牛排steak丁骨牛排T-bone steak 菲力牛排filet steak沙朗牛排sirloin steak 小牛排club steak全熟well done五分熟medium三分熟rare啤酒beer生啤酒draft beer黑啤酒stout beer罐装啤酒canned beer 红葡萄酒red wine琴酒gin白兰地brandy威士忌whisky伏特加vodka酒加冰块on the rocks兰酒rum香槟其他小吃champagne 肉meat牛肉beef猪肉pork鸡肉chicken羊肉mutton面包bread馒头steamed bread米粉rice noodles河粉fried rice noodles肠粉steamed vermicelli roll 通心粉macaroni冬粉bean thread臭豆腐bean curd with odor 面粉flour-rice noodle面条noodles速食面instinct noodles蔬菜vegetable面包皮crust三明治sandwich 土司toast汉堡hamburger蛋糕cake春卷spring roll煎饼pancake煎贴fried dumpling元宵rice glue ball汤圆glue pudding小米粥millet congee麦片粥cereal蒸饺滑steamed dumpling 馄饨ravioli餐具：咖啡壶coffee pot咖啡杯coffee cup纸巾paper towel餐巾napkin桌布table cloth茶壶tea -pot茶具tea set茶盘tea tray茶罐caddy碟dish盘plate杯子cup小碟子saucer饭碗rice bowl筷子chopsticks汤匙soup spoon餐刀knife玻璃杯glass马克杯mug便当picnic lunch水果盘fruit plate牙签toothpick中餐：熊掌bear's paw鹿脯of deer海参beche-de-mer; sea cucumber 海鳝sea sturgeon海蜇皮salted jelly fish海带kelp,seaweed鲍鱼abalone鱼翅shark fin干贝scallops龙虾lobster燕窝bird's nest考乳猪roast suckling pig 猪脚pig's knuckle盐水鸭boiled salted duck 腊肉preserved meat叉烧barbecued pork香肠sausage肉松fried pork flakes烤肉BAR-B-Q荤菜meat diet素菜vegetables肉羹meat broth地方菜local dish广东菜Cantonese cuisine 客饭set meal咖喱饭curry rice炒饭fried rice白饭plain rice锅巴crispy rice粥gruel, soft rice , porridge 打卤面noodles with gravy 阳春面plain noodle砂锅casserole火锅chafing dish,fire pot 肉包子meat bun烧麦shao-mai腐乳preserved bean curd 豆腐bean curd豆豉fermented blank bean 酱瓜pickled cucumbers皮蛋preserved egg咸鸭蛋preserved egg萝卜干dried turnip西餐与日本料理：菜单menu法国菜French cuisine今日特餐today's special主厨特餐chef's special自助餐buffet快餐fast food招牌菜specialty欧式西餐continental cuisine 饭前酒aperitif点心dim sum炸薯条French fires烘马铃薯baked potato马铃薯泥mashed potatoes 简蛋卷omelette布丁pudding甜点pastries 泡菜pickled vegetables韩国泡菜kimchi蟹肉crab meat明虾prawn海螺conch田螺escargots炖牛肉braised beef熏肉bacon荷包蛋poached egg煎一面荷包蛋sunny side up 煎两面荷包蛋over煎蛋fried egg煎半熟蛋over easy煎全熟蛋over hard炒蛋scramble eggs煮蛋boiled egg石头火锅stone fire pot日本竹筷sashi日本米酒sake味噌汤miso shiru铁板烤肉roast meat生鱼片sashimi奶油butter冷饮：饮料beverages豆浆soya-bean milk酸梅汤syrup of plum番茄汁tomato juice橘子汁orange juice椰子汁coconut milk芦荟汁asparagus juice葡萄柚汁grapefruit juice 蔬菜汁vegetable juice姜汁ginger ale沙士sarsaparilla汽水soft drink可口可乐coco-cola (coke) 茶叶tea leaves红茶black tea茉莉（香片）jasmine tea 茶包tea bag柠檬茶lemon tea冬瓜茶white goup tea蜂蜜honey绿藻chlorella苏打水soda water人工色素artificial color冰水ice water 矿泉水mineral water蒸馏水distilled water保久奶long-life milk炼乳；炼奶condensed milk 可可cocoa奶精coffee mate咖啡coffee冰咖啡iced coffee牛奶咖white coffee纯咖啡black coffee阿华田ovaltine养乐多chlorella yakult鸡精essence of chicken甜筒ice-cream cone圣代；新地sundae雪糕ice-cream窗淇淋soft ice-cream香草冰淇淋vanilla ice-cream 冰棒ice candy奶昔milk-shake吸管straw。

1－3 蒸馏的分类
• 按操作方式
间歇蒸馏 连续蒸馏
• 按蒸馏方式
简单蒸馏 平衡蒸馏 精馏 特殊精馏……
双组分精馏 • 按物系的组分数 多组分精馏
• 按操作压力
常压蒸馏 加压蒸馏 减压（真空）蒸馏
本章重点： 常压 双组分 连续 精馏
第二节 双组分物系的汽液相平衡
2－1 理想物系的汽液相平衡
•理想溶液：两组分性质极其相似，分子结构相似的溶液。 •非理想溶液：两组分的性质不同，分子结构差异很大的溶液。 •理想气体：总压不太高，温度不太低的气体。
第一节 概述
最早实现工业化的
1－1 蒸馏在化工生产中的应用 一种分离方法
用于均相液体混合物分离以达到提纯或回收有用组分 的目的。
例如：乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯工艺
乙
精
苯
反 粗苯乙烯 馏
原
应
塔
料
1
精苯乙烯
精 馏 塔 2
乙苯
苯
精 馏 塔 3
甲苯
•蒸馏可以用于石油炼制、甲醇及乙醇的生产。 •多数精细化工中间体要通过蒸馏纯化、精制。 • 酿酒以及一些天然产物的分离。
x(y)
两条线、三个区
y-x图
图中显示： • 平衡线上任意一点表示平 衡时的汽液组成； • 平衡线位于对角线上方， 平衡线偏离对角线越远，表 示该溶液越易分离。
该图常用在精馏塔计算中！
对角线—参考线；曲线—平衡线
2－2 非理想溶液的汽液相平衡
溶具 液有
正 偏 差 的
乙醇－水溶液
的具 溶有 液负
偏 差
二、相对挥发度 α 溶液中两组分挥发度之比 。
A pA / xA yAP / xA yA / xA

Analytical chemistry 分析化学Qualitative ['kwɔlitətiv] adj 定性的Quantitative ['kwɔnti,tətiv; -,teitiv] adj 定量的Qualitative analysis 定性分析Quantitative analysis 定量分析Separation [sepə'reiʃ(ə)n] n 分离Classical method 经典方法/ wet chemistry method 湿化学法Precipitation [pri,sipi'teiʃ(ə)n] n 沉淀Extraction [ik'strækʃ(ə)n; ek-] n 萃取Distillation [,disti'leiʃn] n 蒸馏Color ['kʌlə(r)] n 颜色Odor 气味Melting point 熔点Weight [weit] n 质量V olume ['vɔljuːm] n 体积Instrumental method 仪器法Light absorption 光吸收Fluorescence [fluə'res(ə)ns; flɔː-] n 荧光Conductivity [kɔndʌk'tiviti] n 导电性Chromatography [,krəumə'tɔgrəfi] n 色谱分析Electrophoresis [i,lektrə(u)fə'riːsis] n 电泳Sampling ['sɑːmpliŋ] n 取样Reagent Grade 试剂级别Primary Standard Grade 初级标准级Analytical Reagent Grade 分析纯Guaranteed Reagent Grade 保证试剂级Organic Reagent Grade 有机试剂级Chemically Pure Grade 化学纯Technical Grade 工业级Analytical balance 分析天平Desiccator ['desikeitə] n 干燥器Desiccant ['desik(ə)nt] n 干燥剂Hygroscopic [haigrə(u)'skɔpik] adj 吸湿的Crucible ['kruːsib(ə)l] n 坩埚Beaker ['biːkə] n 烧杯Dropping pipet 滴定管Graduated cylinder 量筒Pipet [pi'pɛt] / pipette [pi'pet] n 移液管Buret [bju'rɛt] / burette [bju'ret] n 滴管V olumetric flask 容量瓶Automatic [ɔːtə'mætik] adj 自动的Tap P199Stopcock ['stɔpkɔk] n 活塞Error ['erə] n 误差Uncertainty [ʌn'sɜːt(ə)nti; -tinti] n 不确定Mean [miːn] n 平均值Arithmetic mean 算数平均值Media ['miːdiə] n 中间数Accuracy ['ækjurəsi] n 精确度Precision [pri'siʒ(ə)n] n 准确度Absolute error 绝对误差Percent relative error 相对误差百分数Spread [spred] n 扩展度、分布Range [rein(d)ʒ] n值域、范围Standard deviation 标准偏差Variance ['veəriəns] n 方差Coefficient of variation 方差系数Deviation from the mean 与平均值间的差P201Deviation [diːvi'eiʃ(ə)n] n 偏差Absolute standard deviation 绝对标准偏差Relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差Percent relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差百分数Systematic [sistə'mætik] adj 系统的/ determinate [di'tɜːminət] adj 确定的Sampling error 取样误差Method error 方法误差Measurement error 操作误差Personal error 个人误差Random ['rændəm] adj 随机的/ indeterminate [,indi'tɜːminət] adj 不确定的True value 真实值Bia 偏差P201Sample ['sɑːmp(ə)l] n 样品Population [pɔpju'leiʃ(ə)n] n 总体Probability distribution 分布几率Gaussian ['ɡausiən] adj 高斯的Normal didtribution 正态分布Population’ s centralTrue mean valuePopulation standard deviation 总体标准偏差Confidence interval 置信区间Confidence level 置信水平Confidence limit 置信限度t-test t检验F-test F检验Q-test Q检验Detection limit 检出限Gravimetric analysis 质量分析Precipitation method 沉淀法V olatilization method 挥发法Titrimetric method 滴定法V olumetric analysis 体积分析Primary standard 初级标准Secondary standard 二级标准Standard solution 标准溶液Direct method 直接方法Standardization 标定Secondary standard solution 二级标准溶液Titration [tai'treiʃən] n 滴定Equivalence point 等当点,等效点,当量点Back titration 反滴定End point 终点Titration error 滴定偏差Indicator ['indikeitə] n 指示剂Titration curve 滴定曲线Litmus ['litməs] n 石蕊Phenolphthalein [,fiːnɔl'(f)θæliːn; -'(f)θe il-] n 酚酞Bromothymol blue 溴百里酚蓝Acid-base titration 酸碱滴定Complexometric titration 络合滴定Redox titration 氧化还原滴定Precipitation titration 沉淀滴定Potentiometric [pəu,tenʃiə'metrik] adj 电势测定的V oltammetry [vəul'tæmitri] n 伏安法Coulometry [ku'lɑmitri] n 库伦发Conductometry [kən'dʌktəmetri] n 电导测定法Dielectrometry 介电滴定Potentiometric method 电势测定方法Potentiometry 电势测定法Potentiometer 电位计Reference electrode 参考电极Indicator electrode 指示电极Junction potential 接界电势Coulometric method 库伦法Controlled-potential coulometry 控制电位电势法Potential coulometry 恒电位库伦法Controlled-current coulometry 控制电流库伦法Amperostatic coulometry 恒电流库伦法Electroanalysis [i,lektrəuə'næləsis] n 电分析Coulometric titration 库伦滴定Potentiostat [pəu'tenʃiəstæt] n 稳压器Coulometer [ku'lɑmitɚ] n 库伦计Galvanostat / amperostat 恒流器Coulomb ['kuːlɔm] n 库伦V oltammetry [vəul'tæmitri] n 伏安法V oltammogram 伏安图Working electrode 工作电极Reference electrode 参考电极Auxiliary electrode 辅助电极Saturated calomel electrode 饱和甘汞电极Linear-scan voltammetry 线性扫描伏安法Hydrodynamic voltammetry 流体动力学伏安法Polarography [,pəulə'rɔgrəfi] n 极谱法Amperometry 电流滴定法Stripping voltammetry 溶出伏安法Anodic [æn'ɑdik] adj 阳极的Cathodic [kə'θɔdik] adj 阴极的Adsorptive [æd'sɔrptiv] adj 吸附的Cyclic voltammetry 循环伏安法Alternating current 交替电流Chrono-conductometrySpectroscopy [spek'trɔskəpi] n 光谱学Emission [i'miʃ(ə)n] n 发射Scattering ['skætəriŋ] n 散射Spectrometer [spek'trɔmitə] n 分光仪Prism ['priz(ə)m] n 棱镜Diffraction grating 衍射光栅Monochromatic [mɔnə(u)krə'mætik] adj 单色的Half-mirrored 半透明反射的Sample beam 样品光束Reference 参比Electronic excitation 电子激发Transition [træn'ziʃ(ə)n; trɑːn-; -'siʃ-] n 跃迁Molar absorptivity / molar extinction coefficient 摩尔吸光/消光系数Hypsochromic / blue shift 蓝移Bathochromic / red shift 红移Beer-Lam-bert law朗伯比耳定律Absorbance [əb'zɔːb(ə)ns; -'sɔːb(ə)ns] n 吸光度Transmittance [trænz'mit(ə)ns; trɑːnz-; -ns-] n 透射比Infrared spectrophotometer 红外分光光度计Far-infrared 远红外Rotational 振动的Mid-infrared 中红外Rotational-vibrational 旋转振动的Overtone / harmonic vibration 谐振Resonant frequency 共振频率Vibrational mode 振动模式Vibrational degree of freedom 振动自由度Stretching ['stretʃiŋ] n伸缩、拉伸、伸长Bending ['bendiŋ] n 弯曲Scissoring ['sizəriŋ] n剪刀式摆动、剪,剪切Rocking ['rɔkiŋ] n左右摇摆，摇摆, 摇动Wagging [wæg] n上下摇摆，推移,摇摆Twisting ['twistiŋ] n扭摆，扭曲Symmetric [si'metrik] adj 对称的Antisymmetric stretching 反对称伸缩Fourier transform 傅立叶转换Functional group region 官能团区Fingerprint region 指纹区Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)spectroscopy 傅立叶转换红外光谱Inter ferometer 干涉仪Inter ferogram 干涉图Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) 原子吸收光谱Atomization [,ætomi'zeʃən] n 原子化Flame atomization 火焰原子化Furnace ( electrothermal) atomization 炉子原子化Atomic emission 原子发射Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) 感应耦合等离子体Emission line 发射线Flame photometry火焰光谱Atomic fluorescence 原子荧光Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 核磁共振Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscope 核磁共振光谱Intrinsic magnetic moment固有磁矩Angular moment角动量Nonzero spin 非零自旋P219Resonant frequency 共振频率Nuclear shielding 核屏蔽Chemical shift 化学位移Tetramethylsilane 四甲基硅J-coupling J耦合Scalar coupling标量耦合Spin-spin coupling 自旋耦合Splitting ['splitiŋ] n 分裂Pascal’ s triangle帕斯卡三角Doublet ['dʌblit] n 双重峰Triplet ['triplit] n 三重峰Quartet [kwɔː'tet] n 四重峰One-dimensional technique 一维技术Two-dimensional technique 二维技术Time domain NMR spectroscopic technique 时域核磁共振光谱技术Solid state NMR spectroscopy 固态核磁共振光谱法Mass spectrometry (MS) 质谱学Mass-to-charge ratio 质荷比Molecular ion 分子离子Fragment ion 碎片离子Mass spectrum 质谱Base peak 基峰Mass spectrometer 质谱仪Ion source 离子源Mass analyzer 质量分析器Ion detector 离子检测器Electron impact ( EI ) ionization 电子轰击离子化Chemical ionization 化学电离Electrospray ionization ( ESI) 电喷射离子化Matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization ( MALDI) 基质辅助激光解吸/电离Inductively coupled plasma (ICP)Sector field mass analyzer扇形磁场质谱分析仪Time-of-flight (TOF) analyzer 飞行时间分析仪Quadrupole mass analyzer 四级杆质量分析器Tandem mass spectrometry 串联质谱法Chromatography [,krəumə'tɔgrəfi] n 色谱分析法Mobile phase 流动相Differential partitioning 差动分隔Stationary phase 稳定相Partition coefficient 分配系数Retention [ri'tenʃ(ə)n] n 保留Elution [i'lju:ʃən] n 洗出液Elute [i'l(j)uːt] v 洗提Eluent['ɛljuənt] n 洗脱液Eluotropic series洗脱序(洗脱液洗脱能力大小的次序)Chromatogram 色谱图Distribution constant 分配常数Retention time 保留时间Retention volume 保留体积Dead time 死时间V oid time 空隙时间V oid volume 空隙体积Baseline width 基线宽度Band broadening 谱带增宽Resolution 分辨率Capacity factor 容量因数,容量因子Selectivity factor选择系数，选择因子Theoretical plate 理论塔板Peak capacity 最高容量Column chromatography 柱层析(法), 柱色谱(法)Planar chromatography平面色谱法Paper chromatography 纸色谱法Thin layer chromatography 薄层色谱Retention factor 保留因子Gas chromatography 气相色谱gas-liquid chromatography 气液色谱Capillary column 毛细管柱Packed column 填料柱,填充柱,填料塔Liquid chromatography (LC) 液相色谱法High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 高效液体色谱Normal phase 正相Reverse phase 反相Affinity chromatography (AC) 亲合色谱法Supercritical fluid chromatography 超临界流体色谱法Ion exchange chromatography 离子交换色谱法Ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) 快速蛋白质液相层析Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) 体积排除色谱法Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) 凝胶渗透色谱法Hydrodynamic diameter 流体力学半径Hydrodynamic volume 流体力学体积Electrophoresis [i,lektrə(u)fə'riːsis] n 电泳Capillary zone electrophoresis 毛细管电泳Electroosmotic flow 电渗透流Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography 胶束电动毛细管色谱p226 Capillary gel electrophoresis 毛细管凝胶电泳Capillary electrochromatography 毛细管电色谱Optical microscopy 光学显微镜Electron microscopy 电子显微镜Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 扫描电子显微术Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 透射电子显微镜法Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) 扫描探针显微术Atomic force microscopy (AFM) 原子力显微镜Thermogravimetry (TG) 热重分析法Differential thermal analysis (DTA) 热分析Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 差热扫描量热计Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) 动态力学分析Raman spectroscopy (RS) 拉曼光谱Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) 俄歇电子能谱学Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) 光电子能谱Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) 化学分析用电子能谱学X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) X射线光电子能谱学X-ray fluorescence (XRF) X射线荧光X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD) x射线粉末衍射Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) 电致化学发光。

专业英语词汇Unit 1TEXT A： Chemical Reactions and Group Reactionscustomary a. 通常的，惯例的handle n.柄vt.触摸handling n.处理，管理derive vt.取得，得到，衍生oxidate vt.使氧化oxidation n.satisfactory a.令人满意的，符合要求的rapid a.快的，迅速的，动作快的combustion n.燃烧somewhat pron. ad. 一点点，几分，有点effort n.努力commercial a.商业的，商务的undesirable a不.合需要的，不受欢迎的，讨厌的retard vt.延迟，放慢，使停滞transformer n.变压器transform vt.改变，转变automotive a.自动的，机动的，汽车的cracked裂化的sluge n.软泥，淤泥stiff a.硬的，强烈的extent 广度，程度vt.vi.distillation n.蒸馏distillunrefined a.未精致，未提炼的acidity n.酸味，酸性acidify vt.Vi.Involve vt. 包缠，卷缠Fell=followingIndividual a.个人的，个体的Presumable a可.假定的，可推测的Destruction n.破坏，毁灭Overall n。

a.全面的，综合的Exceed 超过，胜过Isolate vt.隔离，孤立，使离析 iso—构词成分“均匀”“异构”“苯”Analyse vt. 分析，分解Carbonyl 羰基Carboxyl羧基Hydroxyl羟基Decomposition分解Alkyl烷基，烃基Ketone 酮Aldehyde n.醛Yield vt. 出产，产出Explosive a. 爆炸Vapor n.蒸汽， vi.蒸发Propagation 繁殖，增殖；传播Dehydrate vt.使脱水Acet 构词成分Acetaldehyde乙醛Resin n.树脂Resinous a.树脂的Carboxylic a.羟基的Substantial a.物质的，实质的Susceptible a易.受感动的，敏感的Analogous a.类似的，相似的（ to）Response n.作答，回答，响应，反应Readily ad.乐意地，很快地Readiness n准.备就绪，愿意Extent n.广度长度Steric 空间的，位的Likewise ad.同样的，照样地；也，又Suffer vt.遭受，经历Progressive a进.步的，长进的，渐次的Adjacent a.邻近的，紧挨着的Terminala.末端的，终点的MethyleneBromide n.溴化物Substitute n.代替物（人），代用品substitution n.代替，替换Remote a相.隔较远的Acetone n.丙酮Ether n.醚，乙醚Correspond vi.符合，一致；相当，相应Reservation n保.留，预定Tend vi.走向，趋向。

食品工业英语词汇(2)食品工业英语词汇(2)食品工业英语词汇(2)原料清理raw material handling (raw material cleaning)原料预处理pretreatment of raw material酸处理acid treatment硫处理sulphuring treatment碱处理alkali treatment粉碎grinding破碎cracking (crushing)打浆mashing搅拌mixing分离separation离心分离centrifugal separation过滤filtration膜分离membrane separation筛分screening (sifting)沉降precipitation浓缩concentration蒸馏distillation精馏rectification (distilling)蒸发evaporation闪蒸flash evaporation离子交换ion exchange吸附adsorption吸收absorption解吸deabsorption干燥drying脱水dehydration复水rehydration浸取extraction压榨pressing乳化emusifying均质homogenizing发酵fermentation酿造brewing糊化gelatinization凝沉retrogradation液化liquifying (liquefaction)糖化saccharification (conversion) 氢化hydrogenation嫩化tenderization软化softening营养强化fortification (enrichment)膨化extrusion (puffing)精制refining烘焙baking熏制smoking保鲜refreshment (refreshing)冷藏cold storage , frozen storage速冻quick-freezing气调贮藏storage in controlled atmosphere干制保藏drying preservation (preserved by dehydration ; drying process)腌制保藏curing preservation (preserved by curing process)盐渍salting酱渍saucing糖渍sugaring酸渍pickling糟渍cured or pickled with germented grains辐照保藏irradiation preservation化学保藏chemical preservation成熟ripening后熟maturation灭菌sterilization超高温瞬时灭菌ultra high temperature short time sterilization商业无菌commercial sterilization消毒disinfection巴氏消毒pasteurization接种inoculation培菌cultivation染菌microbiological contamination （contamination ）食品工业英语词汇(2) 相关内容:。

专业英语词汇Unit 1 TEXT A：Chemical Reactions and Group Reactions customary a. 通常的，惯例的handle n.柄vt.触摸handling n.处理，管理derive vt.取得，得到，衍生oxidate vt.使氧化oxidation n.satisfactory a.令人满意的，符合要求的rapid a.快的，迅速的，动作快的combustion n.燃烧somewhat pron. ad. 一点点，几分，有点effort n.努力commercial a.商业的，商务的undesirable a.不合需要的，不受欢迎的，讨厌的retard vt.延迟，放慢，使停滞transformer n.变压器transform vt.改变，转变automotive a.自动的，机动的，汽车的cracked 裂化的sluge n.软泥，淤泥stiff a.硬的，强烈的extent 广度，程度distillation n.蒸馏distill vt.vi.unrefined a.未精致，未提炼的acidity n.酸味，酸性acidify vt. Vi.Involve vt.包缠，卷缠Fell=followingIndividual a.个人的，个体的Presumable a.可假定的，可推测的Destruction n.破坏，毁灭Overall n。

a.全面的，综合的Exceed 超过，胜过Isolate vt.隔离，孤立，使离析iso—构词成分“均匀”“异构”“苯”Analyse vt. 分析，分解Carbonyl 羰基Carboxyl 羧基Hydroxyl 羟基Decomposition 分解Alkyl 烷基，烃基Aldehyde n.醛Yield vt. 出产，产出Explosive a. 爆炸Vapor n.蒸汽，vi.蒸发Propagation 繁殖，增殖；传播Dehydrate vt.使脱水Acet 构词成分Acetaldehyde 乙醛Resin n.树脂Resinous a.树脂的Carboxylic a.羟基的Substantial a.物质的，实质的Susceptible a.易受感动的，敏感的Analogous a.类似的，相似的（to）Response n.作答，回答，响应，反应Readily ad.乐意地，很快地Readiness n.准备就绪，愿意Extent n.广度长度Steric 空间的，位的Likewise ad.同样的，照样地；也，又Suffer vt.遭受，经历Progressive a.进步的，长进的，渐次的Adjacent a.邻近的，紧挨着的Terminal a.末端的，终点的MethyleneBromide n.溴化物Substitute n.代替物（人），代用品substitution n.代替，替换Remote a.相隔较远的Acetone n.丙酮Ether n.醚，乙醚Correspond vi.符合，一致；相当，相应Reservation n.保留，预定Tend vi.走向，趋向。

常用化学英语知识点归纳化学英语是指在化学学科领域中所使用的英语词汇、表达方式以及相关知识点。

在化学实验、研究和教学等方面，化学英语扮演着重要的角色。

下面将详细介绍一些常用的化学英语知识点。

一、化学实验1. 实验室设备和器具的英文名称：- Beaker：烧杯- Test tube：试管- Flask：烧瓶- Burette：滴定管- Pipette：移液管- Distillation apparatus：蒸馏装置- Evaporating dish：蒸发皿- Crucible：坩埚- Bunsen burner：本生灯- Thermometer：温度计- Balance：天平2. 实验操作和步骤的常用表达方式：- Add：加入- Pour：倾倒- Mix：混合- Stir：搅拌- Heat：加热- Cool：冷却- Filter：过滤- Evaporate：蒸发- Precipitate：沉淀- Measure：测量- Weigh：称量- Calculate：计算- Record：记录3. 化学实验中常见的实验现象和结果的英文表达：- Change：变化- Reaction：反应- Reaction rate：反应速率- Precipitation：沉淀- Dissolve：溶解- Evaporation：蒸发- Combustion：燃烧- Oxidation：氧化- Reduction：还原- Color change：颜色变化- Gas formation：产生气体- Odor：气味- pH change：pH值变化二、化学元素和化合物1. 化学元素的英文名称：- Hydrogen：氢- Carbon：碳- Oxygen：氧- Nitrogen：氮- Sodium：钠- Potassium：钾- Iron：铁- Copper：铜- Gold：金- Silver：银2. 化合物的命名和表示方法：- Chemical formula：化学式- Molecular formula：分子式- Structural formula：结构式- Empirical formula：经验式- Ionic compound：离子化合物- Covalent compound：共价化合物- Organic compound：有机化合物- Inorganic compound：无机化合物- Acid：酸- Base：碱- Salt：盐3. 化学反应和方程式的表达方式：- Reactant：反应物- Product：产物- Chemical equation：化学方程式- Balanced equation：平衡方程式- Stoichiometry：化学计量- Catalyst：催化剂- Rate of reaction：反应速率- Equilibrium：平衡- Redox reaction：氧化还原反应- Acid-base reaction：酸碱反应- Combustion reaction：燃烧反应三、化学性质和分析方法1. 化学性质的英文表达：- Acidic：酸性的- Basic：碱性的- Alkaline：碱性的- Reactive：反应性的- Flammable：易燃的- Soluble：可溶解的- Insoluble：不溶解的- Stable：稳定的- Volatile：易挥发的- Toxic：有毒的2. 化学分析方法的英文名称：- Titration：滴定法- Spectroscopy：光谱分析- Chromatography：色谱法- Mass spectrometry：质谱分析- Electrochemistry：电化学分析- Atomic absorption spectroscopy：原子吸收光谱- Gas chromatography：气相色谱- High-performance liquid chromatography：高效液相色谱- Infrared spectroscopy：红外光谱- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy：核磁共振光谱四、物质计量和单位1. 常用的化学计量单位的英文缩写：- Gram：克- Milligram：毫克- Kilogram：千克- Liter：升- Milliliter：毫升- Microliter：微升- Moles：摩尔- Kilomoles：千摩尔- Atomic mass unit：原子质量单位- Molar mass：摩尔质量2. 温度、压力和浓度的英文表示方式：- Celsius：摄氏度- Kelvin：开尔文- Fahrenheit：华氏度- Pressure：压力- Atmosphere：大气压强- Pascal：帕斯卡- Concentration：浓度- Molarity：摩尔浓度- Mass concentration：质量浓度- Volume concentration：体积浓度以上只是化学英语知识点的一小部分，涵盖了化学实验、化学元素和化合物、化学性质和分析方法以及物质计量和单位等方面的内容。

甲醇methanol ['mɛθənɔl] MeOH methyl alcohol ['mɪθɪl] ['ælkəhɔl]乙醇ethanol EtOHe thyl alcohol二氯甲烷methylene dichloride CH2Cl2 dichloromethanemethylene chloridedichlormethane三氯甲烷（氯仿）chloroform CHCl3 trichloromethane丙酮acetone['æsɪton] H3CCOCH3乙酸acetic acid [ə'sitɪk] ['æsɪd]乙酸乙酯ethyl acetate [ˈɛθəl ˈæsɪˌtet] EA 石油醚petroleum ether [pə'trolɪəm] ['iθɚ] PE 乙醚diethyl ether [daɪ'ɛθəl]乙腈acetonitrile[æsɪtoʊ'naɪtrɪl]乙酰丙酮acetylacetone[,æsitil'æsitəun]Diacetone[daɪ'æsɪtoʊn]N,N-二甲基甲酰胺N,N-Dimethylformamide[daɪmeθɪl'fɔ:mæmaɪd] DMF 二甲亚砜dimethylsulfoxide[daɪ,mɛθəlsʌl'fɑksaɪd]DMSO 二甲氧基乙烷DME 三乙胺triethylamine[traɪ,ɛθəl'læmɪn]正己烷hexane[hɛk'sen]四氢呋喃tetrahydrofuran ['tɛtrə,haɪdro'fjʊ'ræn] THF 嘧啶pyrimidine [pɪ'rɪmɪdiːn]吡啶pyridine ['pɪrɪ,din]苯benzene ['bɛnzin]甲苯methylbenzene三氟乙酸Trifluoroacetic Acid盐酸hydrochloric acid浓盐酸concentrated hydrochloric acid稀盐酸diluted hydrochloric acid[daɪ'lutɪd]硝酸nitric acid浓硝酸concentrated nitric acidaqua fortis硫酸sulfuric acid [sʌl'fjʊrɪk]浓硫酸concentrated sulfuric acid氢氧化钠sodium hydroxide氨水ammonium hydroxideammonia solution甲基吡咯烷酮N-Methylpyrrolidone NMP容器类：量杯measuring cup烧杯beaker 不锈钢杯stainless-steel beaker量筒measuring flask/measuring cylinder 量筒graduated flask/measuring cylinder 坩埚crucible 坩埚钳crucible clamp 坩埚crucible pot, melting pot试管test tube 试管架test tube holder漏斗funnel 分液漏斗separatory funnel烧瓶flask 锥形瓶conical flask塞子stopper洗瓶plastic wash bottle滴定管burette玻璃活塞stopcock冷凝器condenser试剂瓶reagent bottles玻棒glass rod 搅拌棒stirring rod蒸馏烧瓶distilling flask碘量瓶iodine flask表面皿watch glass蒸发皿evaporating dish容量瓶volumetric flask/measuring flask移液管(one-mark) pipette刻度移液管graduated pipettes称量瓶weighing bottle吸液管pipette滤管filter天平balance/scale分析天平analytical balance台秤platform. balance游码crossbeams and sliding weights酒精灯alcohol burner酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner搅拌装置stirring device洗耳球rubber suction bulb研磨钵mortar 研磨棒pestle 玛瑙研钵agate mortar瓷器porcelain白细口瓶flint glass solution bottle with stopper滴瓶dropping bottle 小滴管dropper蒸馏装置distilling apparatus蒸发器evaporator试验用器材：升降台lab jack铁架台iron support万能夹extension clamp蝴蝶夹double-buret clamp双顶丝clamp regular holder止水夹flatjaw pinchcock圆形漏斗架cast-iron ring移液管架pipet rack试管架tube rack沸石boiling stone橡胶管rubber tubing药匙lab spoon镊子forceps坩埚钳crucible tong剪刀scissor打孔器stopper borer石棉网asbestos-free wire gauze电炉丝wire coil for heater脱脂棉absorbent cottonphph试纸universal ph indicator paper滤纸filter paper称量纸weighing paper擦镜纸wiper for lens秒表stopwatch量杯glass graduates with scale白滴定管（酸）flint glass burette with glass stopcock棕色滴定管（酸）brown glass burette with glass stopcock 白滴定管（碱）flint glass burette for alkali棕色滴定管（碱）brown glass burette for alkali比重瓶specific gravity bottle水银温度计mercury-filled thermometerph计ph meter折光仪refractometer真空泵vacuum pump冷、热浴bath离心机centrifuge口罩respirator防毒面具respirator、gasmask磁力搅拌器magnetic stirrer电动搅拌器power basic stirrer烘箱oven闪点仪flash point tester马弗炉furnace电炉heater微波炉电热套heating mantleBunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵化学反应：analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的仪器中英文对照Aging Property Tester 老化性能测定仪Amino Acid Analyzer 氨基酸组成分析仪Analyzer for Clinic Medicine Concentration 临床药物浓度仪Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 原子吸收光谱仪Atomic Emission Spectrometer 原子发射光谱仪Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy 原子荧光光谱仪Automatic Titrator 自动滴定仪Basic Physics 基本物理量测定Biochemical Analyzer 生化分析仪Biochemicalanalysis 生物技术分析Bio-reactor 生物反应器Blood-gas Analyzer 血气分析仪Centrifuge 离心机ChemiluminescenceApparatus 化学发光仪CHN Analysis 环境成分分析仪CO2 Incubators CO2培养箱Combustion PropertyTester 燃烧性能测定仪Conductivity Meter 电导仪Constant Temperature Circulator 恒温循环泵Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometer 直流等离子体发射光谱仪DNA Sequencers DNA测序仪DNA synthesizer DNA合成仪Electrical Property Tester 电性能测定仪Electro Microscopy 电子显微镜Electrolytic Analyzer 电解质分析仪Electron Energy Disperse Spectroscopy 电子能谱仪Electron Paramagnetic ResonanceSpectrometer 电子顺磁共振波谱仪Electrophoresis 电泳Electrophoresis System 电泳仪ELIASA 酶标仪Energy Disperse Spectroscopy 能谱仪Fermenter 发酵罐Flow Analytical and Process AnalyticalChemistry 流动分析与过程分析Fraction Collector 部分收集器FreezeDrying Equipment 冻干机FT-IR Spectrometer 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪FT-Raman Spectrometer 傅里叶变换拉曼光谱仪Gas Analysis 气体分析Gas Chromatograph 气相色谱仪GC-MS 气相色谱-质谱联用仪Gel PermeationChromatograph 凝胶渗透色谱仪HighPressure/Performance Liquid Chromatography 高压/效液相色谱仪Hybridization Oven 分子杂交仪ICP-MS ICP-质谱联用仪Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer 电感偶合等离子体发射光谱仪Instrument for Nondestructive Testing 无损检测仪Instrument for Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR仪Inverted Microscope 倒置显微镜Ion Chromatograph 离子色谱仪Isotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer 同位素X荧光光谱仪LC-MS 液相色谱-质谱联用仪Mass Spectrometer 质谱仪Mechanical Property Tester 机械性能测定仪Metal/material elemental analysis 金属/材料元素分析仪Metallurgical Microscopy 金相显微镜Microwave Inductive Plasma Emission Spectrometer 微波等离子体光谱仪Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer 核磁共振波谱仪Optical Microscopy 光学显微镜Optical PropertyTester 光学性能测定仪Other/Miscellaneous 其他Particle Size Analyzer 粒度分析仪PCR Amplifier PCR仪Peptide synthesizer 多肽合成仪pH Meter pH计PhysicalProperty Analysis 物性分析Polarograph 极谱仪Protein Sequencer 氨基酸测序仪Rheometer 流变仪Sample Handling 样品处理Scanning Probe Microscopy FG|8oU 扫描探针显微镜Sensors 传感器Sequencers and Synthesizers for DNA and Protein DNA及蛋白质的测序和合成仪Shaker 摇床Size Exclusion Chromatograph 体积排阻色谱Surface Science 表面科学SurfaceAnalyzer 表面分析仪Thermal Analyzer 热分析仪Thermal Physical Property Tester 热物理性能测定仪Ultrahigh Purity Filter 超滤器Ultra-low Temperature Freezer 超低温冰箱Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor 超声破碎仪Ultraviolet Detector 紫外检测仪UltravioletLamp 紫外观察灯Urine Analyzer 尿液分析仪UV-Visible Spectrophotometer 紫外-可见光分光光度计Viscometer 粘度计Voltammerter 伏安仪Water Test Kits 水质分析仪X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer X射线荧光光谱仪X-RayDiffractomer X射线衍射仪磁力搅拌器magnetic stirrer电动搅拌器power basic stirrer烘箱oven闪点仪flash point tester马弗炉furnace电炉heater微波炉电热套heating mantle Bunsen burner本生灯product化学反应产物apparatus设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass卵形瓶litmus石蕊litmus paper石蕊试纸burette滴定管retort曲颈甑still蒸馏釜cupel烤钵化学反应：analysis分解 fractionation分馏 endothermic reaction吸热反应exothermic reaction放热反应precipitation沉淀to precipitate沉淀to distil,to distill蒸馏distillation蒸馏to calcine煅烧to oxidize氧化alkalinization碱化to oxygenate,to oxidize脱氧,氧化to neutralize中和to hydrogenate氢化to hydrate水合,水化to dehydrate脱水fermentation发酵solution溶解combustion燃烧fusion,melting熔解alkalinity碱性isomerism,isomery同分异物现象hydrolysis水解electrolysis电解electrode电极anode阳极,正极cathode阴极,负极catalyst催化剂catalysis催化作用oxidization,oxidation氧化reducer还原剂dissolution分解synthesis合成reversible可逆的仪器中英文对照Aging Property Tester老化性能测定仪Amino Acid Analyzer氨基酸组成分析仪Analyzer for Clinic Medicine Concentration临床药物浓度仪Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy原子吸收光谱仪Atomic Emission Spectrometer原子发射光谱仪Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy原子荧光光谱仪Automatic Titrator自动滴定仪Basic Physics基本物理量测定Biochemical Analyzer生化分析仪Biochemicalanalysis生物技术分析Bio-reactor生物反应器Blood-gas Analyzer血气分析仪Centrifuge离心机ChemiluminescenceApparatus化学发光仪CHN Analysis环境成分分析仪CO2 Incubators CO2培养箱Combustion PropertyTester燃烧性能测定仪Conductivity Meter电导仪Constant Temperature Circulator恒温循环泵Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometer直流等离子体发射光谱仪DNA Sequencers DNA测序仪DNA synthesizer DNA合成仪Electrical Property Tester电性能测定仪Electro Microscopy电子显微镜Electrolytic Analyzer电解质分析仪Electron Energy Disperse Spectroscopy电子能谱仪Electron Paramagnetic ResonanceSpectrometer电子顺磁共振波谱仪Electrophoresis电泳Electrophoresis System电泳仪ELIASA酶标仪Energy Disperse Spectroscopy能谱仪白细口瓶flint glass solution bottle with stopper滴瓶dropping bottle 小滴管dropper蒸馏装置distilling apparatus蒸发器evaporator试验用器材：升降台lab jack铁架台iron support万能夹extension clamp蝴蝶夹double-buret clamp双顶丝clamp regular holder止水夹flatjaw pinchcock圆形漏斗架cast-iron ring移液管架pipet rack试管架tube rack沸石boiling stone橡胶管rubber tubing药匙lab spoon镊子forceps 坩埚钳crucible tong剪刀scissor打孔器stopper borer石棉网asbestos-free wire gauze 电炉丝wire coil for heater脱脂棉absorbent cottonph ph试纸universal ph indicator paper滤纸filter paper称量纸weighing paper擦镜纸wiper for lens秒表stopwatch量杯glass graduates with scale白滴定管（酸）flint glass burette with glass stopcock棕色滴定管（酸）brown glass burette with glass stopcock白滴定管（碱）flint glass burette for alkali棕色滴定管（碱）brown glass burette for alkali比重瓶specific gravity bottle 水银温度计mercury-filled thermometer ph计ph meter折光仪refractometer真空泵vacuum pump冷、热浴bath离心机centrifuge口罩respirator防毒面具respirator、gasmask 磁力搅拌器magnetic stirrer电动搅拌器power basic stirrer烘箱oven闪点仪flash point tester马弗炉furnace电炉heater微波炉电热套heating mantle Bunsen burner本生灯product化学反应产物apparatus设备 PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass卵形瓶litmus石蕊litmus paper石蕊试纸burette滴定管retort曲颈甑still蒸馏釜cupel烤钵化学反应：analysis分解fractionation分馏endothermic reaction吸热反应exothermic reaction放热反应precipitation沉淀to precipitate沉淀to distil,to distill蒸馏distillation蒸馏to calcine煅烧to oxidize氧化alkalinization碱化to oxygenate,to oxidize脱氧,氧化to neutralize中和to hydrogenate氢化to hydrate水合,水化to dehydrate脱水fermentation发酵solution溶解combustion燃烧fusion, melting熔解alkalinity碱性isomerism,isomery同分异物现象hydrolysis水解electrolysis电解。

有机化学专业词汇Route [`raut]【路线】Strategy ['strætidʒi]【策略】Rearrangement [ˏri:ә'reindʒmәnt]【重排】Asymmetric ['eisi'metrik]【不对称】Migration [mai'greiʃәn]【迁移】Mechanism ['mekәnizәm]【机理】Substrate ['sʌbstreit]【底物、培养基】Synthesis ['sinθisis]【合成】Labile ['leibail]【不稳定的】Azeotropic [әˏzi:ә'trɔpik]【共沸的】Scheme [ski:m]【图示】Derivative [di'rivәtiv]【衍生物】Analogous [ә'nælәgәs]【类似物】Primary ['praimәri]【伯-】Secondary ['sekәndәri]【仲-】Tertiary ['tә:ʃәri]【叔-】Functional ['fʌŋkʃәnl] group【官能团】Catalyst [`kætәlist] 【催化剂】Catalysis [kә`tælisis]【催化（作用）】Catalytical [kætә`litikәl] 【催化的】Hydrogenolysis [ˏhaidrәudʒә'nɔlәsis]【氢化】Hydrogenous [hai'drɔdʒinәs] 【含氢的】pericyclic [peri'saiklik] reaction【周环反应】transition [træn'ziʒәn] state 【过渡态】homolysis [hɔ'mɔlisis] 【均裂】heterolysis [ˏhetә'rɔlisis] 【异裂】homogeneous [ˏhɔmәu'dʒi:njәs]【均相的】heterogeneous [ˏhetәrәu'dʒi:niәs] 【非均相的】Steric ['sterik] hindrance[`hindrәns] 【立体位阻】Lipophilic [ˏlipә`filik]【亲脂性的】chiral [`kai rәl] 【手性的】electrophile [i`lektrәfail] 【亲电试剂】nucleophilic [ˏnju:kliәu'filik]【亲核的】hydrolysis [hai`drɔlisis] 【水解(作用)】acidolysis [ˏæsi`dɔlisis] 【酸解(作用)】displacement [dis'pleismәnt] 【取代】formalin ['fɔ:mәlin] 【甲醛溶液】dilute [dai'lju:t] 【稀释】dehydrate [di:'haidreit] 【脱水】dilation [dai'leiʃәn]【膨胀】saponification [sәpɔnifi'keiʃәn]【皂化】emul sification [iˏmʌlsifi'keiʃәn] 【乳化】reactant [ri:'æktәnt]【反应物】adduct [ә'dʌkt]【加合物】dissolve [di'zɔlv]【溶解】degradation [ˏdegrә'deiʃәn]【降解】mild [maild]【（反应）温和的】harsh [hɑ:ʃ] 【（反应）苛刻的】racemic [rә'si:mik]【消旋的】substituent [sʌb'stitjuәnt]【取代基】conjugation [ˏkɔndʒu'geiʃәn]【偶和】equivalent [i'kwivәlәnt]【当量的】volatile ['vɔlәtail]【易挥发的】susceptible [sә'septәbl]【易受影响的】in large scale【大量】protease ['prәutieis]【蛋白酶】side chain【侧链】Impuritiy [im'pjuәriti]【杂质】Component [kәm'pәunәnt]【组分】Tare [tєә]【去皮】Syringe ['sirindʒ]【注射器】Concentrate ['kɔnsentreit]【浓缩】Aqueous ['eikwiәs]【水相（的）】Methodology [meθә'dɔlәdʒi]【方法学】Precursor [pri(:)'kә:sә] 【前体】Separation [sepә'reiʃәn]【分离】Purification [ˏpjuәrifi'keiʃәn]【纯化】Recrystallization ['rikristәlai'zeiʃәn]【重结晶】Crystalline ['kristәlain]【晶体】Distillation [ˏdisti'leiʃәn]【蒸馏】Sublimation [ˏsʌbli'meiʃәn] 【升华】Microwave ['maikrәuweiv]【微波】Infrared ['infrә'red]【红外】ultraviolet ['ʌltrә'vaiәlit] active【紫外显色】isotope ['aisәutәup] 【同位素】isomer ['aisɔmә] 【同分异构体】Isomerization [aiˏsɔmәrai'zeiʃәn]【异构化】Transformation [ˏtrænsfә'meiʃәn]【转化】Stability [stә'biliti]【稳定性】Poisoned ['pɔiznd]【中毒的】Filter ['filtә]【过滤器】Filtration [fil'treiʃәn]【过滤】Filtrate ['filtreit]【滤液】Filter Cake【滤饼】Eluent ['eljuәnt]【淋洗液】Thin-layer-chromatography [ˏkrәumә'tɔgrәfi] TLC【薄层色谱】Preparative [pri'pærәtiv] TLC【制备薄层色谱】HPLC【高效液相色谱】LC-MS【液质联用仪】Protic ['prәutik]【质子的】Aprotic[ә'prәutik]【非质子的】Decompose [ˏdi:kәm'pәuz]【分解】Removal [ri'mu:vәl]【除去】Reduced [ri'dju:st] pressure 【减压】Vacuum ['vækjuәm] 【真空】Elimination [iˏlimi'neiʃәn]【消除】Addition [ә'diʃәn]【添加、加成】Ligand ['laigәnd]【配体】Stopper ['stɔpә]【塞子】Separatory/ addition/ Büchner funnel ['fʌnәl]【分液/加料/布什】column chromatography【柱层析】Run column【用柱层析分离】Stopcock ['stɔpkɔk] 【旋塞阀】Condenser [kәn'densә]【冷凝管】Chamber ['tʃeimbә]【（薄层用）展缸】Bench [bentʃ] 【实验台】Hood [hud] 【通风橱】Rotavapor [ˏrәutә'veipә]【旋蒸】Evaporation [iˏvæpә'reiʃәn] 【蒸发】vacuum hose [hәuz]【真空管】silicon ['silikәn] oil bath 【（硅）油浴】sink [siŋk]【水槽】neutralize ['nju:trәlaiz]【中和】stir bar 【搅拌子】Dry ice trap【干冰冷阱】Glovebox [glʌvә'bɔks]【手套箱】vacuum pump [pʌmp]【真空泵】spatula ['spætjulә] 【刮刀】miscible ['misibl]【混溶的】Quench [kwentʃ]【淬灭】Purging ['pә:dʒiŋ]【鼓气】Titration [tai'treiʃәn]【滴定】Trituration [tritju'reiʃәn]【研磨】Dessicator ['desikeitә:]【干燥剂】Hygroscopic [ˏhaigrәu'skɔpik] 【吸湿的】Lachrymator ['lækriˏmeitә]【催泪剂】DI (de-ion) water【去离子水】Stoichiometric [ˏstɔikiәuˋmєtrik]【化学量的】Volumetric [vɔlju'metrik] 【测体积的】Weighing ['weiiŋ] paper【称量纸】Mechanical [mi'kænikl] stirring apparatus [ˏæpә'reitәs]【机械搅拌装置】heating mental ['mentl] 【加热套】Eclipse [i'klips] 【使失色】Anomeric ['ænәˏmerik] Effect 【端基异构效应】Equatorial [ˏekwә'tɔ:riәl]【平伏（键）的】Axial ['æksiәl]【直立（键）的】Gauche [gәuʃ] 【构象】Thermodynamic ['θә:mәudai'næmik]【热力学的】Kinetic [kai'netik]【动力学的】Enantioselective [eˏnæntiәsi'lektiv]【对映选择性的】Diastereotopic [ˏdaiәstiәriә'tɔpik] 【非对映的】Chemoselectivity 【化学选择性】Regioselective ['ri:dʒәu si'lektiv] 【区域选择性的】Stereoselectivity [ˏstiәriәˏsilek'tiviti]【立体选择性】Synthon ['sinθɔn]【合成子】Nitrosation [naitrә'seiʃә:n] 【亚硝化】Tautomer ['tɔ:tәmә]【（互变）异构体】Confirmation [ˏkɔnfɔ:'meiʃәn] 【构型】Equilibrium [ˏi:kwi'libriәm]【平衡】pyrolysis [ˏpaiә'rɔlisis] 【热解】ozonolysis [ ,әuzәu'nɔlisis ] 【臭氧分解】conversion [kәn'vә:ʃәn] ratio ['reiʃiәu] 【转化率】Deprotection【脱保护】Introduction【引入】Cleavage【分离，脱除】。

化工英语词汇Analysis [ə'nælɪsɪs] n.(化合物或混合物的)分解，解析，分析Analyse[ˈænəlaiz] vt. 分析, 分解, 解释fractionation [,frækʃən'eʃən] n. 分别；分馏法蒸馏（Distillation）和分馏（Fractionation）是分离、提纯有机化合物最重要最常用的方法之一。

The technologies and processes available to manufacture these products are by fractionation, hydrogenation and interesterification .该技术和工艺可以生产这些产品的分馏，加氢和交换。

Fermentation required only a day, and fractionation was not complicated.发酵只需要一天，分馏并不复杂。

distill [dɪs'tɪl] vt. 提取；蒸馏；使滴下vi. 蒸馏；滴下；作为精华产生（等于distil）Distill Recycle 蒸馏回收Downstream assets include refineries, which distill crude into different chemicals, including gasoline.下游资产通常包括炼油厂，即从原油中提取出不同的化工产品，比如汽油。

Distillation n. 蒸馏，净化；蒸馏法；精华，蒸馏物英[,dɪstɪ'leɪʃn]美[,dɪstl'eʃən]distillation column [化工] 分裂蒸馏塔; [化工] 蒸馏塔; [化工] 蒸馏柱; [化工] 精馏塔distillation tower 蒸馏塔He tried to obtain another material by distillation.他试图通过蒸馏法获得另一种物质。

化学专业英语之沸点与蒸馏BOILING POINTS AND DISTILLATIONBoiling Points of Pure LiquidsAny given liquid, when admitted into a closed evacuated space, evaporates until the vapor attains a certain definite pressure, which depends only upon the temperature. This pressure, which is the pressure exerted by the vapor in equilibrium with the liquid, is the vapor pressure of the liquid at that temperature. As the temperature increases .the vapor pressure of a typical liquid x increases regularly as shown by the generalized vapor pressure-temperature curve BC, in Fig. 5.At the temperature, Tp, where the vapor pressure reaches 101.3kPa. x begins to boil and Tp is called the NORMAL BOILING POINT of x. Every liquid which does not decompose before its vapor pressure reaches 101.3kPa. has its own characteristic boiling point. In general, the boiling point of a substance depends upon the mass of its molecules and the strength of the attractive forces between them. For a given homologous series, the boiling points of the member compounds rise fairly regularly with increasing molecular weight.Polar liquids tend to boil higher than nonpolar liquids of the same molecular weight, and associated polar liquids usually boil considerably higher than nonassociated polar compounds.The boiling point is a characteristic constant that is widely used in the identification of liquids. Because of its marked dependence upon pressure and its rather erratic response to impurities, however, it is generally less reliable and useful in characterization and as a criterion of purity than is the melting point for solids1.Boiling Points of SolutionsThe normal boiling point of any solution is the temperature at which the total vapor pressure of the solution is equal to 101.3kPa. The effect of any solute, Y, on the boiling point of X will depend, then, upon the nature of Y. If Y is less volatile than X. then the total vapor pressure of the solution is lower, at any given temperature, than the vapor pressure of pure X.Such a case is represented by curve B'C , in which the experimentally determined values tor the vapor pressures of a solution are plotted against temperature. The vapor pressure of the solution does not reach 101.3kPa. until a temperature Tp' is attained. In other words, the presence of the less volatile solute raises the boiling point of X from Tp to Tp'. A solution of sugar or salt in water is a familiar example of this type of solution.Figure 5. Generalized vapor pressurediagrams for a pure liquid (BO , for a solutionin which the solute is less volatile than thesolvent (B'C), and for a solution in whichthe solute is more volatile than thesolvent(B"C").On the other hand, if Y is more volatile than X. then the total vaporpressure of the solution is higher than that of pure X, as shown by curve B"C". The vapor pressure of such a solution reaches 101.3kPa. at temprature Tp"; hence the effect of the more volatile solute is to lower the boiling point of X from Tp to Tp". A solution of acetone in water is an example of this type.In any solution of two liquids X and Y, the molecules of X are diluted by molecules of Y, and, conversely, the molecules of Y are diluted by molecules of X. You would therefore expect the vapor pressure due to X to be less than that of pure X; in fact, you might predict that the PARTIAL PRESSURE due to X would be proportional to the molecular concentration of X.Similarly, the partial pressure of Y might be expected to be proportional to the molecular concentration of Y. This is, in fact, the relationship which holds for so -called ideal solutions. It is expressed in Raoult's Law-the partial pressure of a component in a solution at a given temperature is equal to the vapor pressure of the pure substance multiplied by its mole fraction in solution. In symbols, for a solution of components X and Y.P x =Px0Nxwhere Px= the partial pressure of X in solution,Px0= the vapor pressure of pure X at that temperature,Nx= the mole fraction of X in the solution.Similarly.P y = Py0Nywhere Py= the partial pressure of Y in solution.Py0 = the vapor pressure of pure Y at that temperature,Ny= the mole fraction of y in solution.The total pressure, PTof the solution would be the sum of the partial pressures of X and Y.P T = Px+PyTemperature-Composition Diagram for Solutions which Follow Raoult's Law.These facts are represented graphically in Fig. 6 which shows a typical temperature-composition diagram. This diagram is atemperature-composition plot of the experimentally determined values for the system benzene-toluene, but it is representative of the plot for all solutions which are described by Raoult's Law.Boiling points (ordinates) are plotted against composition expressed as mole fractions (abscissae). Pure benzene (100 percent x ) boils at 80.1° (point A) and pure toluene (100 percent y ) at 110.6° (point B). All mixtures of the two boil at intermediate temperatures, as shown by the liquid (lower) curve. This curve shows the temperature at which a mixture of benzene and toluene of any given composition begins to boil. The vapor (upper) curve represents the composition of the vapor in equilibrium with the liquid at any given temperature.For example .consider the changes which occur when a 20 mole per cent benzene —80 mole per cent toluene solution (represented by point P) is heated. At 101.6°, corresponding to point L1the liquid begins to boil. The first trace of vapor which is formed is, of course* in equilibrium with the liquid at 101.6°. It has the composition 38 mole per cent benzene —62 mole per cent toluene, as represented by point V1, and is therefore considerably richer than the liquid in benzene.Figure 6. Temperature-Composition diagram of the systembenzene-toluene.As the distillation proceeds, the concentration of toluene in the liquid phase and the boiling point increase continuously .following the values represented by L1B. Finally, at the end of the distillation, the liquid phase is pure toluene boiling at 110.6°. Similarly, the vapor becomesprogressively richer in toluene also, following V1B. Always, however, it is richer in benzene than is the liquid with which it is in equilibrium, as shown by the points of intersection of any horizontal line with the vapor and liquid curves2.Obviously, a single simple distillation could never separates 20:80 molar mixture of benzene and toluene into the pure components. But now consider what would be accomplished if the first trace of vapor formed by distillation of the mixture were cooled and condensed. It would, ofcourse, form liquid corresponding to point L2of composition 38 mole per cent benzene —62 mole per cent toluene at 94.5°.Now, if liquid L2were distilled, the first trace of vapor formed would have the composition 59 mole per cent benzene —41 mole per cent toluene(point V2) and when cooled would condense to liquid at 88° (point L3).This, in turn, may be further enriched in benzene as indicated on the graph.。

化工装置常用英语词汇对照1. 反应釜（Reactort） Reactor2. 蒸馏塔（Distillation Tower） Distillation Column3. 冷凝器（Condenser） Condenser4. 换热器（Heat Exchanger） Heat Exchanger5. 压缩机（Compressor） Compressor6. 泵（Pump） Pump7. 阀门（Valve） Valve8. 管道（Pipeline） Pipeline9. 传感器（Sensor） Sensor10. 控制系统（Control System） Control System11. 进料（Feed） Feed12. 产品（Product） Product13. 副产品（Byproduct） Byproduct14. 废料（Waste） Waste15. 物料（Material） Material16. 流量（Flow Rate） Flow Rate17. 压力（Pressure） Pressure18. 温度（Temperature） Temperature19. 浓度（Concentration） Concentration20. 比重（Specific Gravity） Specific Gravity21. 开车（Startup） Startup22. 停车（Shutdown） Shutdown23. 维修（Maintenance） Maintenance24. 检修（Overhaul） Overhaul25. 调试（Commissioning） Commissioning26. 操作规程（Operating Procedure） Operating Procedure27. 安全规程（Safety Procedure） Safety Procedure28. 紧急停车（Emergency Shutdown） Emergency Shutdown29. 报警系统（Alarm System） Alarm System30. 防爆区域（Explosionproof Area） Explosionproof Area 化工装置常用英语词汇对照（续）31. 化学反应（Chemical Reaction） Chemical Reaction32. 反应速率（Reaction Rate） Reaction Rate33. 溶解度（Solubility） Solubility34. 酸碱度（pH Value） pH Value35. 悬浮物（Suspension） Suspension36. 沉淀（Precipitation） Precipitation37. 搅拌（Agitation） Agitation38. 过滤（Filtration） Filtration39. 萃取（Extraction） Extraction40. 吸附（Adsorption） Adsorption41. 蒸发（Evaporation） Evaporation42. 结晶（Crystallization） Crystallization43. 干燥（Drying） Drying44. 焙烧（Calcination） Calcination45. 熔融（Melting） Melting46. 铸造（Casting） Casting47. 冷却（Cooling） Cooling48. 加热（Heating） Heating49. 真空（Vacuum） Vacuum50. 压缩空气（Compressed Air） Compressed Air51. 工艺流程（Process Flow） Process Flow52. 设备布局（Equipment Layout） Equipment Layout53. 流程图（Piping and Instrumentation Diagram, P&ID）Piping and Instrumentation Diagram54. 设计规范（Design Specification） Design Specification55. 操作手册（Operation Manual） Operation Manual56. 安全手册（Safety Manual） Safety Manual57. 环保要求（Environmental Requirements） Environmental Requirements58. 能耗（Energy Consumption） Energy Consumption59. 自动化（Automation） Automation60. 信息化（Informatization） Informatization这些词汇在化工装置的日常操作、维护和管理中扮演着重要角色。

136.可触摸 tangible
137.微波 microwave
138.液态 liquid
139.超声波 ultrasonic wave
140.红外线infrared ray
141.大 max
142.小min
143.开 turn on
144.关 turn of
145.蒸馏 distillation
美容院中常用英语词汇
1.洗面奶 cleansing milk
2.去黑头洗面奶 biological cleanser
3.清洁面霜 clarifying cream
4.眼部御妆水 eye make up removing
5.按摩霜 massage cream
6.按摩油 massage oil
257.化装棉cotton pads
258.口红刷lip brush
259.胭脂扫 blush brush
260.转笔刀pencil sharpener
261.电动剃毛器 electric shaver-for women
262.电动睫毛卷electric lash curler?
154.协调 harmonize
155.选择 choose
156.粗 thick
157.细 thin
158.简单 easy
159.整体 whole
160.尖形 point
161.椭圆形 ellipse
162.抬起 raise
163.部位、位置 position
62.洗甲水 cleaner
63.指甲油 nail polish
64.擦光剂 polish

化验室一些常规英语翻译一、化验室常用的名词、动词、副词形容词名词:reagent试剂 solid 固体liquid液体 gas气体 solution溶液 indicator 指示剂 distillate蒸馏液 filtrated滤液 residue残留物 precipitate沉淀动词:perform a test 做个试验 write记录 record记录mark做记号take notes 做记录color change颜色变化 digest消化 power into倾倒 collect收集grind搅拌 crash粉碎 dilute稀释 distill蒸馏 weigh称重 dry干燥take out sth. from取出 cool冷却 ignite燃烧 burn灼烧 boil沸腾prepare准备 add添加 dissolve溶解 assay化验 collect收集 filter过滤heat加热 titrate滴定 shake振荡 stir搅拌 switch打开 combine连接adjust调整 calculate计算 mix well / thoroughly 充分混合 store 保存freeze 冷冻 indicate 指明指示说明 remove 除去 elute洗脱evaporate蒸发 adjust 调整 allow to stay overnight 静置过夜 make sure/ensure保证 select选择 validate 验证 spike 掺加 decant 倾倒mix…with…混合 Rinse wash 润洗, 洗涤 preserve 保持保存保护separate 分离 analyse/analyze 分析 sieve 筛分 suspend 悬浮treat 处理 check 检查 make up to the mark with 定容到刻度take place / occur 发生 Identify, identification 鉴定v ,/ nFill with 装，注满 Plug a stopper 塞塞子/盖子 observe 观察avoid 避免 match 匹配 confirm 确认 overload 过载 hold 保持optimize 优化 transfer 转移到 compensate 补偿compare with/compare to比较 inject 注射 apply to 适用形容词、副词：exactly 精确地 gently 轻轻地 approximately 大约immediately立即 preferably 最好，优先 Regularly 周期性地有规律地critical至关重要的、决定性的 accurately 准确地 careful 小心handy 方便的 Greatly/ significantly 极大地 be valid for 有效期…Respectively / separately 分别地 Unless otherwise stated 除非另有说明necessary 必需的 vital 十分重要的 important 重要的be satisfied 满意的 Repeat twice, Repeatability 重复两次重现性additionally 再者 completely 完全地二、常见的样品前处理玻璃器皿及其他仪器Pipette (n) pipete (v) 移液管/ 移液 desiccator 干燥器 burette 滴定管water bath 水浴 Round flask 原底烧瓶 sonicator 超声器 beaker 烧杯Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗 glass rode 玻璃棒Alcohol blast burner 酒精喷灯 sampling spoon取样勺Agate mortar玛瑙研钵 Vacuum cabinet通风厨 distilled water蒸馏水deionized water去离子水 ultrapure water超纯水glass cylinder 玻璃量筒 furnace （muffle furnace) 炉 oven 烘箱gas cylinder气瓶 volumetric flask容量瓶 asbestosed wire gauze石棉网funnel/funel 漏斗 Crucible, Porcelain crucible 坩埚瓷坩埚conical flask 三角瓶 forceps 夹钳 Centrifuger 离心机Auto clave 高压灭菌锅 gloves 手套 vortex mixer 涡旋混合器protection glass 护目镜 Orbital/Vertical shaker 水平/垂直混合混合器lab coat 实验服 paper towel 擦手纸 watch glass 表面皿container 容器 glass wool 玻璃棉 heater 加热器 test tube 试管 acid wash 酸洗 gas pipe，gas line 气体管道magnetic stirrer 磁力搅拌 gas valve 气阀门Superspeed centrifuger 超高速离心机 Autosampler 自动进样器Syringe ，needle 注射器,针头 First aid 急救包 incubator 培养箱bench 试验台 vial 小瓶 centrifuge tube 离心管 Freeze dryer 冷冻干燥三、方法翻译（以一个滴定为例）称取0.5g样品到250mL三角瓶中，加入50mL水，浸泡30min，摇匀，加入1mL10%铬酸钾指示剂，用0.1mol/L的硝酸银标准液滴定至砖红色，30s不褪色为终点，同时做一空白对照。

医学翻译词汇六医学翻译词汇六医学翻译词汇六294direct laryngoscope 直接喉镜direct lead 直接导程direct ophthalmoscope 直接检眼镜direct optical viewfinder 直视光学取景器director ①导子，导引器，探针②指示器③经理directory 指南，手册directoscope 直接检喉镜direct reading 直接读数direct reading analytical balance 直读式分析天平direct reading balance 直读式天平direct reading dosimeter 直读式剂量仪direct reading microchemical balance 直读式微量化学天平direct reading photometer 直读式光度计direct reading table balance 直读式托盘天平direct reading thermometer 直读式温度计direct viewing type ultrasonic thickness gauge 直观式超声波厚度计direct vision prism 直视棱镜direct vision spectroscope 直视分光镜direct-writing 直描式direct-writing color vcg 彩色直描式心向量图机direct-writing electrocardiograph 直描式心电图机direct writing paper 示波记录纸295direct writing recorder 直描式记录器direct writing residual volume tester 直描式残气量测定仪dis- ①分，离②二，两，双disarticulation 关节切断术，关节断离术disarticulation rasp 关节断离骨膜剥离器disc 圆盘，板，（圆）片disc centrifuge 圆盘式离心机disc clutch 盘型离合器disc colorimeter 盘式比色计disc crusher 盘式压碎机disc curet 圆形刮匙disc electrophoresis 圆盘电泳discharge ①放电②排出discharger ①放电器②发射装置discharge roller 出料滚discharge tube 放电管discharging ①放电的②卸货，排出discharging rod 放电棒，避雷针disciform 盘状的，（椭）圆形的discipline ①学科②训练discission knife 内障针刺刀，刺囊刀discission needle 晶状体刺开针，载囊针296disclosing solution 显示波disc memory 盘式存储器disc meter 盘式流量计disco- 盘，盘形discogram 椎间盘x 射线（照）片discography 椎间盘造影术disconnect 拆开、断开、断路discontinuous centrifuge 间歇离心机discontinuous sterilization 离歇灭菌法discount 折扣（额），酌减discount on 打折扣disc recorder 唱片录音机discrete device 分立器件discriminator 鉴别器，鉴相器disc scanner 析象圆盘disease （疾）病dish 皿，碟，盘disinfectant ①消毒的②消毒剂disinfection room 消毒室disinfector 消毒器disinsector 杀昆虫器disintegration 分解，分裂，蜕变297disintegrator 粉碎机，碎磨机disk 圆盘，板，（圆）片disk forceps 盘钳disk alser 盘形激光器diskogram 椎间盘x 射线（照）片diskography 椎间盘x 射线造影术disk storage 磁盘存储器disk type spray dryer 小型喷雾干燥器dislocation 脱位dislodger ①沉积槽②取石器dismembyator 研磨器disorder 病症，障碍dispatcher 分配器dispatch-tube 气动输送管dispensary ①药房②医务所dispensatory 处方集dispense 调剂，配药dispenser 分注器，分片器，分配器dispensing balance 调剂天平dispensing bottle 投药瓶dispensing scale 调剂天平dispensing table 调剂台298disperse blood bandage 驱血绷带disperser 扩散器，分散器dispersing electrode 弥散电极dispersing lens 色散透镜dispersing prism 色散棱镜dispersity 分散性，分散度dispersor 分散器，扩散器，色散器displacement recorder 位移记录器displacer 置换器，排出器display ①显示器②显示，显像display device 显示装置display equipment 显示装置display format 显示形式display lamp 指示灯display panel 显示板display sensitivity 显示灵敏度display unit 显示部件，显示器disposable 用后可弃的，一次用弃的disposable blade 可调换式刀片disposable blood donor set 用后可废输血器disposable bronchial cannula 用后可废支气管导管disposable cannula 用后可弃套管299disposable catheter 用后可弃导管disposable cock 用后可弃阀门disposable cup 用后可弃杯disposable dialyzer 用后可弃透析器disposable feeding tube 用后可弃输液管disposable gloves 用后可弃手套disposable intrathoracic drain 用后可弃胸引流管disposable intravenous infusionset 用后可弃静脉输液器disposable mask 用后可弃面罩disposable needle 用后可弃针头disposable oxygen tube 用后可弃输氧管disposable pus basin 用后可弃污物盒disposable solution infusion set 用后可弃输液器disposable syringe 用后可弃注射器disposable urine bag 用后可弃尿袋disposable vaccum blood collector 用后可弃真空血液收集器disposal 处理，处置，安排dissecting forceps 解剖镊dissecting hook 解剖钩dissecting instrument 解剖器械dissecting knife 解剖刀dissecting microscope 解剖显微镜300dissecting needle 解剖针dissecting pan 解剖盘dissecting probe 解剖探针dissecting saw 解剖锯dissecting scalpel 解剖刀dissecting scissors 解剖剪dissecting table 解剖台dissection 解剖，分解dissector 剥离器，解剖器dissociation 分离，分解，分裂dissolubility 溶解度dissolution system 药物溶解仪dissolvent 溶剂，溶媒distal end 末端，顶部distal hood 末端罩，顶部罩distance 距离，间隔distance finder 测距计distant 远距离的，遥远的distant control 遥控，远距离控制distant thermometer 遥测温度计distension 膨胀（作用），扩张distillate cooler 蒸馏冷却器distillating still 蒸馏釜distillation 蒸馏（法），馏出物distillation apparatus 蒸馏器distillation chamber 蒸馏室distillation column 蒸馏塔distillation equipment 蒸馏设备distillation film 蒸馏薄膜distillation flask 蒸馏瓶distillation still 蒸馏釜distillation tower 蒸馏塔distillation tube 蒸馏管distillator 蒸馏器distillatory vessel 蒸馏器distilled water 蒸馏水distilled water unit 蒸馏水器distiller 蒸馏器distiller condenser 蒸馏冷凝器distilling apparatus 蒸馏水器distilling flask 蒸馏瓶distilling machinery 蒸馏器distilling tube 蒸馏管distinctometer 腹脏边缘触诊器302distinctor 触诊器distortion analyzer 失真分析仪distortion meter 失真计distribution ①分布，分配②经销distribution board 配电盘distribution contract 经销合同distribution switchboard 配电盘distributor ①分配器，分布器②销售者（尤指批发商）district 地区，地段disturbance 障碍，失调，紊乱ditto 同上（的），同前（的）diu(drip infusion urography) (大剂量静脉)滴注泌尿系造影术divalent element 二价元素divan 睡榻，长沙发椅divergent prism 散开性棱镜diverging collimator 扩散型准直器diverging lens 分散透镜diverter （电阻）分流器，换向器diverticuleve 膀胱憩室起子，憩室整复器diverticulogram 憩室（x 射线）造影片diverticulum 憩室，膨部divided dental splint 分段式牙科夹303divided spectacles 双焦点眼镜divider ①分配器②分样器dividing mold cup 分模杯division ①分裂②部分，科室divulsion needle 扯裂针（眼用）divulsor ①扯裂器②尿道扩张器dna(deoxyribonucleic acid) 脱氧核糖核酸dna synthesizer. dha 合成仪d/o(delivery order) 提华单docimasia 检查，检验docimaster 检验师doctor 医师，博士doctrine 学说，原则document．nbsp①文件，证件②资料，记录document．for claim 索赔文件dodec (a)- 十二dodecadactylon 十二指肠dodging 闪避法（放射诊断学）dolor （疼）痛dolorimeter 测痛计domestic 国产的，家用的，自制的domestic market 国内市场304domestic soap 家用皂，兽脂皂domiciliary 住处的，家庭的domicilium 气疗箱，呼吸体操箱dominant wave 主波donator 供体，损赠者donee 受体，受血者donkey pump 辅助泵donor 供血者，供体donor set 输血器donut 电子回旋加速器，环状真空室door trip 门开关door magnetic strip seal 门磁封条doppler direction finder 多普勒首效应定向仪doppler effect 多普勒效应doppler filter 多普勒频率滤波器doppler frequency analyzer 多普勒频率分析器doppler sound detector 多普勒胎儿心音探测器doppler s transducer 多普勒换能器，分娩监护换能器doppler ultrasound equipment 多普勒超声波诊断仪dorsum 背dosage 剂量dosage meter 放射线量计305dose 量，一次剂量dose calibrator 放射线剂量校准器dosemeter 放射线剂量仪dose monitor 剂量监测器doser 剂量仪dose-rate meter 放射线剂量率计，放射率计dose-rate monitor 放射率探测器dpse reader probe 剂量读数器探头dosigraph 剂量记录器dosimeter ①剂量仪②曝光表dosimetric system 剂量制dosimetry 剂量测定dosing pump 计量泵，定量泵dossier 病历夹，病历表册dot 小点，圆点dotted line 虚线double-action skull forceps 双关节颅骨钳double anastomosis forceps 双吻合钳double-barreled microelectrode 双管缴电极double beam microspectrophotometer 双光束显微分光光度计double beam oscillograph 双光束示波器，双线示波器double beam spectrophotometer 双光束分光光度计306double binocular microscope 双人双目显微镜double blade rectal speculum 双翼直肠窥器double catheterizing cystoscope 双插管膀胱镜double catheterizing telescope 双插管窥镜double channel catheter 双腔导管double condenser 双聚光镜double cone classifier 双锥选粒器double contrast enema technique 双对比灌肠造影法double contrast roentgenography 双衬x 射线造影术double crank ward cot 双摇手儿童病床double current generator 双流（交直流）发电机double distilling apparatus 重蒸馏水器double edged knife 双刃刀double electrode 双导电极double elevator 双头起子double-ended amputating knife 双头截肢刀double-ended dissector 双头剥离器double-ended probe 双头探针double-ended retractor 双头拉钩，双头牵开器double-ended uterine curet 双头子宫刮匙double-ended uterine dilator 双头子宫扩张器double focus tube 双焦点（x 射线）管307double forceps 双头镊（细菌培养用）double grating monochromator 双光栅单色仪double image 复像，重像double knife 双刃刀double ligature 复扎法double lumen catheter 双腔导管double monochromator 双单色器double motion agitator 双动搅拌器double oscillograph 双线示波器，双电子束示波器double pleximeter 双扣诊板double prism 双棱镜double pulse generator 双脉冲发生器doubler 倍压器，倍频器double saw 复齿锯double side razor blade 双面保险刀double spine saw 复齿锯doublet ①双合透镜②双重线doublet lens 双合透镜doublet magnifier 双合放大镜double trace scope 双迹示波器double track 双声道，双声轨（录音磁带）double tube 双路管308double tube catheter 双腔导管double tube percolator 复管式渗漉器double tube pressure gauge 双管压力计double vaginal speculum 双头窥阴器douche ①冲洗，灌洗②冲洗器，灌洗器douche bag 冲洗袋douche can 冲洗罐doughnut 电子回旋加速器环状真空室douglas bag 道格拉斯氏气袋（测劳动代谢的集气袋）douglasscope 道格拉斯氏镜。

实验室经常使用英文术语之答禄夫天创作1. 1.当你进入国外的实验室之前,如果不能熟练掌握实验过程中相关物品的英文名称及读音,你与同处一室的技术人员之间势必发生强烈的交流障碍,实验效率也将因此年夜打折扣.这里我汇总了数篇文章的相关内容,并结合自己实验室的情况,弥补了年夜量辞汇,希望对即将出国留学的生物学科研人员有所帮手.欢迎年夜家弥补指正.一．容器与耗材（vessel & consumable material）小瓶vial量杯measuring cup烧杯beaker量筒measuring flask/measuring cylinderer 坩埚crucible坩埚钳crucible clamp试管test tube漏斗funnel比色皿cuvette鱼缸aquarium烧瓶flask锥形瓶conical flask塞子stopper/plug洗瓶plastic wash bottle玻璃活塞stopcock试剂瓶reagent bottles玻棒glass rod搅拌棒stirring rod容量瓶volumetric flask/measuring flask 移液管(one-mark) pipette吸液管pipette滤器filter滤纸filter paper培养皿culture dish移液枪pipette 移液枪枪头pipette tips剃刀刀片razor blade手术刀scalpel垃圾袋disposable bag垃圾桶garbage bin橡皮筋rubber band托盘Tray铝箔aluminium foil洗耳球rubber suction bulb保鲜膜preservative film研磨钵mortar研杵pestle小滴管dropper蒸馏装置distilling apparatus桶bucket广口瓶wide-mouth bottle离心机转子rotor试管架test tube holder/rack酒精灯alcohol burner酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner搅拌装置stirring device石蜡封口膜Parafilm微量离心管（EP管）Eppendorf tube 载玻片Slide盖玻片Cover glass离心管Centrifuge tube 电泳槽Gel tank电线Electrical leads牙签Toothpick螺丝钉Screw锁紧螺母Nut, Cap nut 复印纸Copy paper复写纸Carbon paper钉Nail试管刷test-tube brush 计时器Timer闹钟Alarm clockU形钉Staple衣服挂钩Coat hanger 电泳用的梳子Comb扳手Shifting spanner订书机Stapler订书钉staple圆珠笔芯Refill灯胆Globe记号笔marker pen注射器syringe注射器活塞plunger铁架台iron support万能夹extension clamp 止水夹flatjaw pinchcock圆形漏斗架cast-iron ring橡胶管rubber tubing药匙lab spoon镊子forceps/ tweezers蜂鸣器buzzer架子shelf剪刀scissor打孔器stopper borer移液吸管serological pipette血球计数板hemocytometerpH试纸universal ph indicator paper称量纸weighing paper透明胶带sellotape筛子sieve网眼mesh格子grid擦镜纸wiper for lens水银温度计mercury-filled thermometer白年夜褂white gown真空泵vacuum pump水浴锅water bath kettle口罩respirator电极electrode阳极,正极anode阴极,负极cathode二．实验把持（manipulation）：抛弃discard转移容器decant吸出aspirate吹吸blowing and suction离心收集pellet重悬resuspend絮状沉淀flocculent precipitate 浑浊的turbid烘bake灭菌sterilize均质化homogenize分装aliquot培养foster通风ventilate冷却chill down稀释dilute洗脱elute 孵育incubate超声破碎ultrasonication 淬灭quench裂解物Lysate沉淀物Sediment上清Supernatant小滴droplet一批batch色谱chromatograph沉淀precipitate接种inoculate探针probe蒸馏distil/distill搅拌Stir/agitate旋转swirl/ spin中和neutralize校准calibrate平衡equilibrate结块、块状沉淀clump 粘稠的viscous漂洗rinse脱水dehydrate发酵fermentation溶解dissolve燃烧combustion水解hydrolysis过滤filtrate浓缩condense催化剂catalyst研磨grind破碎crush催化作用catalysis分解dissolution涡旋震荡Vortex电泳Electrophoresis抽滤suction filtration电转化electrotransformation收菌harvest切碎chop/mince灌注perfusion浆液slurry三．仪器（apparatus）恒温循环仪Thermostatic circulator空调机Air conditionerpH计pH meter照度计(丈量荧光素酶酶活) luminometer 磁力搅拌器magnetic stirrer烘箱oven微波炉microwave oven电磁炉electromagnetic oven凝胶系统Gel system电子天平Electronic balance转接器Adapter离心机centrifuge盖子lid/ cap封口设备Sealing equipment复印机Duplicator, copying machine超净工作台super clean bench通风橱fume cupboard药柜Cupboard高压蒸汽灭菌器autoclave电泳电源Electrophoresis power supply 紫外灯Ultraviolet illumination真空泵Vacuum pump天平balance/scale 分析天平analytical balance台秤platform balance涡旋振荡器Vortexing machineCO2培养箱CO2 Incubators电子显微镜Electro Microscopy电泳仪Electrophoresis System恒流泵constant flow pump解剖镜anatomical lensPCR仪Thermocycler颠倒显微镜Inverted Microscope核磁共振波谱仪Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer光学显微镜Optical Microscopy摇床Shaker培养箱incubator超滤器Ultrahigh Purity Filter超高温冰箱Ultra-low Temperature Freezer 超声破碎仪Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor紫外观察灯Ultraviolet Lamp紫外-可见光分光光度计UV-Visible Spectrophotometer计算器calculator/numerator四．化学试剂（reagent）1、氨基酸丙氨酸alanine (Ala, A)缬氨酸valine (Val, V)亮氨酸leucine (Leu, L)异亮氨酸isoleucine (Ile,I)脯氨酸proline (Pro, P)苯丙氨酸phenylalanine (Phe, F) 色氨酸tryptophan (Trp, W) 蛋氨酸methionine (Met, M) 甘氨酸glycine (Gly, G)丝氨酸serine (Ser, S)苏氨酸threonine (Thr, T)半胱氨酸cysteine (Cys, C) 酪氨酸tyrosine (Tyr, Y)天冬氨酸asparagines (Asn, N)谷氨酰胺glutamine (Gln, Q)赖氨酸lysine (Lys, K)精氨酸arginine (Arg, R)组氨酸histidine (His, H)天冬氨酸aspartic acid (Asp, D)谷氨酸glutamic acid (Glu, E)2、核苷酸腺苷adenosine鸟嘌呤核苷guanosine胞苷cytidine胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷thymidine尿嘧啶核苷uridine脱氧deoxy-3、其他化学试剂二甲苯Xylene冰乙酸Acetic acid glacial硼酸Boric acid氯化钙Calcium chloride巯基乙醇mercaptoethanol咪唑Imidazole盐酸胍guanidine hydrochloride无水乙醇absolute ethanol乙酸钠Sodium acetate氯化钠Sodium chloride生理盐水physiological saline洗涤剂detergent十二烷基磺酸钠Sodium dodecyl sulphate 盐酸hydrochloric acid氢氧化钠sodium hydrate/hydroxide胰卵白胨Tryptone 酵母提取物yeast extract琼脂Agar甘油glycerin内毒素endotoxin两性霉素amphotericin氨苄Ampicillin肝素heparin卡那霉素Kanamycin胰卵白酶Trypsin溴化乙锭ethidium bromide胰岛素Insulin树脂resin糖类saccharide蔗糖Sucrose醋酸钾Potassium acetate异丙醇Isopropanol醋酸铵Ammonium acetate异戊醇Isoamyl alcohol氯仿Chloroform甲醇methanol遗传霉素geneticin糖原glycogen血清serum高锰酸钾potassium hypermanganate 考马斯亮蓝Coomassie brilliant blue 液氮liquid nitrogen次氯酸钠clorox苯酚phenol阴离子anion碱性alkalinity实验室经常使用英语-化学生物类1. 2. 来美国学习遇到了一个很郁闷的事：走进实验室跟他人交流非常困难,自己做实验也是磕磕碰碰.一个很年夜的原因就是一些实验仪器或是药品的名称不知道怎么说,以前学英文历来没有学这些内容.郁闷之余,我在网上搜集了一些相关仪器和药品的中英对比,与年夜家一起学习分享,希望对学化学生物类的朋友有些帮手.由于药品种类繁多,各人使用相关也很年夜,以下仅列仪器部份.容器类：量杯measuring cup烧杯beaker不锈钢杯stainless-steel beaker量筒measuring flask/measuring cylinder 量筒graduated flask/measuring cylinder 坩埚crucible 坩埚钳crucible clamp坩埚crucible pot, melting pot 试管test tube试管架test tube holder漏斗funnel分液漏斗separatory funnel烧瓶flask锥形瓶conical flask塞子stopper洗瓶plastic wash bottle滴定管burette玻璃活塞stopcock冷凝器condenser试剂瓶reagent bottles玻棒glass rod搅拌棒stirring rod蒸馏烧瓶distilling flask碘量瓶iodine flask概况皿watch glass蒸发皿evaporating dish容量瓶volumetric flask/measuring flask 移液管(one-mark) pipette刻度移液管graduated pipettes称量瓶weighing bottle吸液管pipette 滤管filter天平balance/scale分析天平analytical balance台秤platform balance游码crossbeams and sliding weights酒精灯alcohol burner酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner搅拌装置stirring device洗耳球rubber suction bulb研磨钵mortar研磨棒pestle玛瑙研钵agate mortar磁器porcelain白细口瓶flint glass solution bottle with stopper滴瓶dropping bottle小滴管dropper蒸馏装置distilling apparatus蒸发器evaporator试验用器材：升降台lab jack铁架台iron support万能夹extension clamp蝴蝶夹double-buret clamp双顶丝clamp regular holder止水夹flatjaw pinchcock圆形漏斗架cast-iron ring移液管架pipet rack试管架tube rack沸石boiling stone橡胶管rubber tubing药匙lab spoon镊子forceps坩埚钳crucible tong剪刀scissor打孔器stopper borer石棉网asbestos-free wire gauze电炉丝wire coil for heater脱脂棉absorbent cottonphph试纸universal ph indicator paper 滤纸filter paper称量纸weighing paper擦镜纸wiper for lens秒表stopwatch 量杯glass graduates with scale白滴定管（酸）flint glass burette with glass stopcock棕色滴定管（酸）brown glass burette with glass stopcock白滴定管（碱）flint glass burette for alkali 棕色滴定管（碱）brown glass burette for alkali比重瓶specific gravity bottle水银温度计mercury-filled thermometerph计ph meter折光仪refractometer真空泵vacuum pump冷、热浴bath离心机centrifuge口罩respirator防毒面具respirator、gasmask磁力搅拌器magnetic stirrer电动搅拌器power basic stirrer烘箱oven闪点仪flash point tester马弗炉furnace电炉heater微波炉电热套heating mantleBunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel烤钵化学反应：analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的仪器中英文对比Aging Property Tester 老化性能测定仪Amino Acid Analyzer 氨基酸组成份析仪Analyzer for Clinic Medicine Concentration 临床药物浓度仪Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 原子吸收光谱仪Atomic Emission Spectrometer 原子发射光谱仪Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy 原子荧光光谱仪Automatic Titrator自动滴定仪Basic Physics 基本物理量测定Biochemical Analyzer 生化分析仪Biochemicalanalysis生物技术分析Bio-reactor 生物反应器Blood-gas Analyzer 血气分析仪Centrifuge 离心机ChemiluminescenceApparatus化学发光仪CHN Analysis 环境成份分析仪CO2 Incubators CO2培养箱Combustion PropertyTester燃烧性能测定仪Conductivity Meter 电导仪Constant Temperature Circulator 恒温循环泵Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometer 直流等离子体发射光谱仪DNA Sequencers DNA测序仪DNA synthesizer DNA合成仪Electrical Property Tester 电性能测定仪Electro Microscopy 电子显微镜Electrolytic Analyzer 电解质分析仪Electron Energy Disperse Spectroscopy 电子能谱仪Electron Paramagnetic ResonanceSpectrometer电子顺磁共振波谱仪Electrophoresis 电泳Electrophoresis System 电泳仪ELIASA 酶标仪Energy Disperse Spectroscopy 能谱仪Fermenter 发酵罐Flow Analytical and Process AnalyticalChemistry流动分析与过程分析Fraction Collector 部份收集器FreezeDrying Equipment 冻干机FT-IR Spectrometer 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪FT-Raman Spectrometer 傅里叶变换拉曼光谱仪Gas Analysis 气体分析Gas Chromatograph 气相色谱仪GC-MS 气相色谱-质谱联用仪Gel PermeationChromatograph凝胶渗透色谱仪HighPressure/Performance Liquid Chromatography 高压/效液相色谱仪Hybridization Oven 分子杂交仪ICP-MS ICP-质谱联用仪Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer 电感偶合等离子体发射光谱仪Instrument for Nondestructive Testing 无损检测仪Instrument for Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR仪Inverted Microscope 颠倒显微镜Ion Chromatograph 离子色谱仪Isotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer 同位素X荧光光谱仪LC-MS 液相色谱-质谱联用仪Mass Spectrometer 质谱仪Mechanical Property Tester 机械性能测定仪Metal/material elemental analysis 金属/资料元素分析仪Metallurgical Microscopy 金相显微镜Microwave Inductive Plasma Emission Spectrometer 微波等离子体光谱仪Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer 核磁共振波谱仪Optical Microscopy 光学显微镜Optical PropertyTester光学性能测定仪Other/Miscellaneous 其他Particle Size Analyzer 粒度分析仪PCR Amplifier PCR仪Peptide synthesizer 多肽合成仪pH Meter pH计PhysicalProperty Analysis 物性分析Polarograph极谱仪Protein Sequencer 氨基酸测序仪Rheometer流变仪Sample Handling 样品处置Scanning Probe MicroscopyFG|8oU 扫描探针显微镜Sensors 传感器Sequencers and Synthesizers for DNA and Protein DNA及卵白质的测序和合成仪Shaker 摇床Size Exclusion Chromatograph 体积排阻色谱Surface Science 概况科学SurfaceAnalyzer概况分析仪Thermal Analyzer 热分析仪Thermal Physical Property Tester 热物理性能测定仪Ultrahigh Purity Filter 超滤器Ultra-low Temperature Freezer 超高温冰箱Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor 超声破碎仪Ultraviolet Detector 紫外检测仪UltravioletLamp紫外观察灯Urine Analyzer 尿液分析仪UV-Visible Spectrophotometer 紫外-可见光分光光度计Viscometer 粘度计Voltammerter伏安仪Water Test Kits 水质分析仪X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer X射线荧光光谱仪X-RayDiffractomer X射线衍射仪分子生物学实验室经常使用仪器物品英文辞汇口罩respirator试验管tube耐酸橡胶手套rubber gloves试管架test tube rack药匙lab spoon洗瓶plastic wash bottle钳子pliers玻璃搅棒glass stirring stick扳子spanne研钵mortars螺丝刀screw driver研棒pestles多用电源插座multi-purpose socket 冰盒ice box复印纸copy paper液氮罐Dewar flask 笔记本note book记号笔marker pen培养皿culture dish夹子clip皮氏培养皿petri dish擦镜纸wiper for lens培养三角瓶culture flask 标签纸paper label接种环inoculating loop打火机lighter接种针inoculating needle 温度计thermometer过滤灭菌器syringe filters 按时器timer镊子forceps棉线（细绳）cotton rope剪刀scissors橡皮圈rubber band解剖刀片scalpel blade清洁布rag解剖刀柄scalpel handle牛皮纸kraft paper酒精灯alcohol burner塑料筐plastic basker样品推车lab cart塑料桶plastic basin保温桶thermos封口膜parafilm wrap and dispenser 不锈钢盘stainless steel tray塑料膜plastic film搪瓷盘enamel tray保鲜膜cling film铝箔纸aluminum foil烧杯beaker脱脂棉absorbent cotton三角瓶、烧瓶flask容量瓶volumetric flask铁架台iron support量筒graduated cylinder石棉网asbestos board移液器pipette玻璃干燥器glass desiccator移液管serological pipette三角漏斗funnel吸耳球bulb for pipet布氏漏斗buchner funnel移液管架pipet rack玻璃漏斗glass funnel离心管架centrifuge tube rack酸碱滴定管Burette天平balance平安帽safety helmet分析天平analytical balance工作服lab coat称量瓶weighting bottle工作鞋footware称量纸weighing paper隔热手套heat insulation gloves比重计hydrometer体重计body weight scales 酸度计pH meterpH试纸pH indicator paper升降台lab jack电磁搅拌器magnetic stirring电磁搅棒magnetic stirring bar匀浆器homogenixe摇床shaker水浴摇床reciprocating shaker bath涡旋振荡器vortex mixer离心机centrifuge烘箱oven高温水浴refrigerating circulator冰箱refrigerator超高温冰箱ultra-low temperature freezer 培养箱incubator分光光度计spectrophotometer石英比色杯quartz cuvette超声波清洗器ultrasonic cleaner杂交炉hybridization oven。