2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 3 The world online Section
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Section Ⅲ Grammar——助动词
语
境 自 主 领 悟
先观察原句
①I am speaking in favour of the Internet.
②There are two main points which must be included when we analyse the Internet.
③With the touch of a button or the click of a mouse，a student will find abundant
information.
④These problems do not occur as often when people use traditional reference
materials.
⑤To help solve this problem，a special clinic was opened in Beijing in 2005.
⑥One university did a study about the students who had dropped out.
后自主感悟
1.按英语词类划分，以上各句中黑体部分的词均为助动词。
2.以上各句中黑体部分的词均无词汇意义，不能单独作谓语。
3.例句②中的be和例句⑤中的was在句中与实义动词include和open一起构成被动语态。
4.例句①中的am，例句③中的will和例句⑥中的had在句中与实义动词speak，find和drop一起构成不同的时态。
5.例句④中的do not在句中与实义动词occur一起构成否定形式。
助动词一般本身没有独立的实际意义，不能单独作谓语，通常帮助实义动词并与实义动词一起构成谓语，助动词与实义动词连用，表示时态、语态、语气等，或构成陈述句、疑问句和否定句。
一、助动词的分类
类别 例词 特点
基本助动词 be，do，have 无词汇意义，只有语法作用，协助主要动词构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句等
助动词短语(半助动词) be about to，be due to，be going to，be likely to，be meant to，be
supposed to，be willing to，have to，seem to，be unable to，be unwilling
to 在功能上介于主要动词和助动词之间的一类结构
其他助动词 will，shall，should, would
无词义，主要用来构成将来时
[即时训练1] 用适当的助动词填空
①In the past，many students did not know the importance of English.
②I have not seen him for a long time.
③Only then did she realize the stress he was under.
④He will come to my office tomorrow.
二、基本助动词的用法
1．助动词be的用法
(1)“be＋现在分词”构成进行时态。
He is giving a lecture.
他在做报告。
English is becoming more and more important.
英语现在越来越重要。
(2)“be＋过去分词”构成被动语态
English is taught throughout the world.
世界各地都教英语。
(3)“be＋动词不定式”可表示下列内容：
①用现在时表示最近、未来的计划或安排，这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态的表达法。
He is to go to New York next week.
他下周要去纽约。
②表示命令。
All the questions are to be answered at once.
所有的问题都必须立即回答。
③征求意见。
How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他？
④表示相约、商定。
We
are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.
我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。
[即时训练2] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①James has just arrived，but I didn't know he was coming (come) until yesterday.
②Sorry，I'm busy right now.I am filling (fill) in an application form for a new
job.
③Unless some extra money is found (find)，the theatre will close.
2．助动词do的用法
(1)构成一般疑问句。
Does she get up early in the morning?
她早上起得早吗？
(2)do＋not构成否定句。
I do not want to be criticized.
我不想挨批。
(3)构成否定祈使句。
Don't go out on so cold a day.
这么冷的天，不要出去。
(4)放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。
I did go there.我确实去那儿了。
I do miss you.我确实想你。/我真想你了。
(5)用于倒装句。
引导此类倒装句的副词有never，seldom，rarely，little，only，so等。
Never did I hear of such a thing.
我从未听说过这样的事情。
Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.
只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。
(6)用作代动词。
－Do you like Beijing?
——你喜欢北京吗？
－Yes，I do.
——是的，喜欢。
She works harder than he does.
她学习比他努力。
[名师点津]
(1)构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。
(2)助动词do用于加强语气时，只用于一般现在时、一般过去时以及肯定句中。
[即时训练3] 完成句子
①Do you understand?
你懂吗？
②Don't swim in the river.
别在河里游泳。
③I did return the book to you yesterday.
我昨天的确把书还给你了。
3．助动词have的用法
(1)“have＋过去分词”构成完成时态。
He has left for London.
他已去了伦敦。
The teacher had taught us the words several times before he asked us to read them.
老师在让我们读这些单词之前已经教了我们好几遍了。
(2)“have＋been＋现在分词”构成完成进行时。
I have been studying English for ten years.
我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。
He looks tired because he has been painting the living room all day.
他看起来很累，因为他刷了一整天起居室了。
(3)“have＋been＋过去分词”构成完成时态的被动语态。
Paper money has been used for over a thousand years.
纸币已经被使用一千多年了。
[即时训练4] 单句语法填空
①We won't start the work until all the preparations have been made (make)．
②Since the time humankind started gardening，we have been trying (try) to make
our environment more beautiful.
③By the end of last month，they had finished(finish) half of their work.
二、半助动词的用法
半助动词是指在功能上介于主动词和助动词之间、本身具有词义的一类结构。常见的半助动词有：be able to，be about to，be due to，be going to，be likely to，be meant
to，be supposed to，be willing to，have to，used to，seem to，be unable to等。
We were about to start when it rained.
我们正要出发，这时下雨了。
We have to be careful when driving.
我们开车时要小心。
[即时训练5] 写出下列各句中加黑部分的汉语意思
①You are not supposed to park your car here.应该
②He is likely to win the game.很有可能
③My father used to walk to work.过去常常
