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2016年上海外国语大学专业学位英语口译/笔译初试英语翻译基础（100分）12月26日14:00—17:00I. Cloze. (共15个空，一空两分，共30分)卷子上的标题是Here’s why the “American century” will survive rise of ChinaThe American century will survive the rise of ChinaJoseph Nye March 25, 2015Entropy is a greater challenge than Chinese growth, writes Joseph NyeIn 1941 Time editor Henry Luce proclaimed “the American century”. Some now see this coming to an end as 1. a result of the nation’s economic and political decline. Many point to the example of US failure to convince its allies to stay out of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, Beijing’s rival to the World Bank; but this was 2.more an example of a faulty decision than evidence of decline, which raises the question of what is the natural life cycle of a nation.A century is generally the limit for a human organism but countries are social constructs. Rome did not collapse until more than three centuries after it reached its apogee of power in 117AD. After American independence in 1776 Horace Walpole, the British politician, lamented that his nation had been reduced to the level of Sardinia, just as Britain was about to enter the industrial revolution that 3. powered its second century as a global power.Any effort at assessing American power in the coming decades should 4. take into account how many earlier efforts have been wide of the mark. It is chastening to remember how wildly 5. exaggerated US estimates of Soviet power in the 1970s and of Japanese power in the 1980s were. Today some see the Chinese as 10ft tall and proclaim this “the Chinese century”.China’s size and relatively rapid economic growth will bring it closer to the US in terms of its power resources in the next few decades. But this does not necessarily mean it will surpass the US in military, economic and soft power.6. Even if China suffers no big domestic political setback, many projections are simple linear extrapolations of growth rates that are likely to slow in the future.7.Moreover, economic projections are one dimensional. They ignore US military and soft power advantages, such as the desire of students around the world to attend US universities. They also overlook China’s geopolitical 8. dis-advantages in the Asian balance of power, compared with America’s relations with Europe, Japan and India, which are likely to remain more favourable.It is not impossible that a challenger such as China, Europe, Russia, India or Brazil will surpass the US in the first half of this century but it is but not likely.On the question of absolute rather than 9. relative American decline, the US faces serious problems in areas such as debt, secondary education, income in?equality and political gridlock but these are only part of the picture. On the positive side of the ledger are favourable trends in demography, technology and energy as well as abiding factors such as geography and entrepreneurial culture.The scenarios that could 10. precipitate decline include ones in which the US overreacts to terrorist attacks by turning inwards and thus cuts itself off from the strength it obtains from openness. Alternatively it could react by overcommitting itself, and wasting blood and treasure as it did in Vietnam and Iraq.As an overall assessment, describing the 21st century as one of American decline is inaccurate and misleading. Though the US has problems it is not in absolute decline, unlike ancient Rome, and it is likely to remain more powerful than any single state in coming decades.The real problem is not that it will be overtaken by China or another contender but rather that it faces a rise in the power resources of many others—both states and non-state actors such as transnational corporations, terrorist groups and cyber criminals. And it will face an increasing number of global problems that will 11. call on our ability to organise alliances and networks.12. Contrary to the views of those who proclaim this the Chinese century, we have not entered a post-American world. But the American century of the future will not look the same as in previous decades. The US 13. share of the world economy will be smaller than it was in the middle of the past century.Furthermore, the complexity created by the rise of other countries, as well as the increased role of non-state actors, will make it harder for even America, the biggest power, to 14. wield influence and organise action. Entropy is a greater challenge than China.At the same time, even when the US had its greatest preponderance of power resources, it often failed to secure what it wanted. Those who argue that the disorder of today’s world is much worse than in the past should remember a year such as 1956,when the US was unable to prevent Soviet 15. repression of a revolt in Hungary; orthe Suez invasion by our allies Britain, France and Israel.We must not view the past through rose-tinted glasses. Now, with slightly less preponderance and a much more complex world, the American century will continue for at least a few decades, but it will look very different from when Luce first articulated it.中国崛起能终结美国世纪吗？美国哈佛大学教授约瑟夫-奈为英国《金融时报》撰稿1941年，《时代》杂志(Time)主编亨利-卢斯(Henry Luce)宣称，“美国世纪”已经来临。
上海外国语大学考研翻译学翻译实践英译汉2016年真题回忆版THE SETTING OF THE STAGEWE live under the shadow of a gigantic question mark.Who are we?Where do we come from?Whither are we bound?Slowly, but with persistent courage, we have been pushing this question mark further and further towards that distant line, beyond thehorizon,where we hope to find our answer.We still know very little but we have reached the point where (with a fair degree of accuracy) we can guess at many things.In the beginning, the planet upon which we live was (as far as we now know) a large ball of flaming matter, a tiny cloud of smoke in the endless ocean of space. Gradually, in the course of millions of years, the surface burned itself out, and was covered with a thin layer of rocks. Upon these lifeless rocks the rain descended in endless torrents, wearing out the hard granite and carrying the dust to the valleys that lay hidden between the high cliffs of the steaming earth.Finally the hour came when the sun broke through the clouds and saw how this little planet was covered with a few small puddles which were to develop into the mighty oceans of the eastern and western hemispheres.Then one day the great wonder happened. What had been dead, gave birth to life.The first living cell floated upon the waters of the sea.For millions of years it drifted aimlessly with the currents. But during all that time it was developing certain habits that it might survive more easily upon the inhospitable earth. Some of these cells were happiest in the darkdepths of the lakes and the pools. They took root in the slimy sediments which had been carried down from the tops of the hills and they became plants. Others preferred to move about and they grew strange jointed legs, like scorpions and began to crawl along the bottom of the sea amidst the plants and the pale green things that looked like jelly-fishes. Still others (covered with scales) depended upon a swimming motion to go from place to place in their search for food, and gradually they populated the ocean with myriads of fishes.Meanwhile the plants had increased in number and they to search for new dwelling places. There was no more room for them at the bottom of the sea. Reluctantly they left the water and made a new home in the marshes and on the mud-banks that lay at the foot of the mountains. Twice a day the tides of the ocean covered them with their brine. For the rest of the time, the plants made the best of their uncomfortable situation and tried to survive in the thin air which surrounded the surface of the planet. After centuries of training, they learned how to live as comfortably in the air as they had done in the water.But some of the fishes too had begun to leave the sea, and they had learned how to breathe with lungs as well as with gills. We call such creatures amphibious, which means that they are able to live with equal ease on the land and in the water. The first frog who crosses your path can tell you all about the pleasures of the double existence of the amphibian.Once outside of the water, these animals gradually adapted themselves more and more to life on land. Some became reptiles (creatures who crawl like lizards) and they shared the silence of the forests with the insects. That they might move faster through the soft soil, they improved upon their legs and their size increased until the world was populated with gigantic forms (which the hand-books of biology list under the names of Ichthyosaurus and Megalosaurus and Brontosaurus) who grew to be thirty to forty feet long and who could have played with elephants as a full grown cat plays with her kittens.。
2016年上外翻译硕士考研入门指导►院系及专业高级翻译学院:055101英语笔译；055102英语口译；055104俄语口译；055108法语口译；055116阿拉伯语口译►费用学费:英语笔译——5万/2.5年;其他——8万/2.5年►培养方式学制:2.5年►入学考试初试:①101思想政治理论②外语基础英语笔译、英语口译、俄语口译、阿拉伯语口译考试科目：211翻译硕士英语法语口译考试科目：214翻译硕士法语③翻译基础英语笔译、英语口译考试科目：357英语翻译基础俄语口译考试科目：358俄语翻译基础法语口译考试科目：360法语翻译基础阿语口译考试科目：640阿拉伯语翻译基础④448汉语写作与百科知识注：报考英语笔译、英语口译的同等学力考生须达到英语专业八级优秀水平或雅思成绩7分以上或托福100分以上；报考俄语口译的同等学力考生须通过俄语专业八级良好以上水平；报考法语口译的同等学力考生须通过法语专业八级良好以上水平复试:内容——专业笔试、专业口试、外语（二外）听说测试方式——差额复试，比例为1:1.5总成绩:初试54%+复试46%►参考书除了101思想政治理论之外，其他三门考试科目均是学校根据国家大纲自主命题，因此每个学校提供的参考书不同，上外仅提供了英语口译和英语笔译的参考书，以下为参考书目，如有需要，请点击链接。
上外翻硕考研部分参考书目►近三年招生情况英语笔译英语口译俄语口译法语口译阿拉伯语口译英语笔译英语口译俄语口译法语口译阿拉伯语口译2015 46 24 10 10 5 42 29 1 2 - 2014 80 - 54 23 2 3 - 2013 80（含推免）- 28 13 2 3 -专业要多，且实际招生情况明显好于其他语种（考研帮发现，英语之外的有些语种算上推免生也出现了未能招满的情况，对于喜欢不同语种的同学来说是个不错的消息，感兴趣的同学可以去学校官网详细查询）。
►近五年分数线走势上海外国语大学2011-2015年复试技术分数要求单科（满分=100分）/单科（满分>100分）/总分英语笔译英语口译俄语口译法语口译2015 334.4 337.2 320.5 347.62014 358.8 370.1 344.1 333.52013 334 349.4 342.2 351.62012 332.3 332.2 319.8 -2011 363.3 380.9 - - 上外复试分数线不是采取的单科、总分分数线划分的方式，而是采用复试技术分分数线划分（复试技术分=业务1+业务2+外语+总分*10%）的方式。
上海外国语大学翻译硕士MTI考研经验分享本人现在是上外高翻笔译研究生，因为前段时间不断有学弟学妹问我关于备考MTI的相关事宜，感觉有必要写一篇经验帖来供后来人参考。
仅是个人愚见，感觉有用的就看看，没用的也凑合着看吧~~呵呵，不过我相信还是有些用处滴~~我当初考研之前也是火急火燎，想要找到组织，想要有人接受，有人指点，遂逛遍各大论坛，遍地留QQ号，可奇怪的是竟没有一个人加我扣扣，而到第二年我考上的时候，加我的人一大把。
我很是郁闷呀，可能是当时没赶上好时间吧。
但是，话又说回来，我还是很感激当年很有爱心的学姐学哥们，他们及时在论坛上留下了回忆版真题，还有备考过程，其间经历的种种，给了我很大的启发。
作为后来人，我也很愿意分享一下自己备考过程中的酸甜苦辣，学习心得，以及备考建议。
（在此须说明一点：所谓别人成功的经验，不要盲目接受，选择最适合自己的才是最重要的哦。
最重要的一点是跟着心里的选择走，认定了就好好拼一把）关于选学校：可能在备考之处，很多人选择MTI的动机各不相同，所以就有人在纠结，我到底该报那所大学？是译专业不强的名牌大学翻，还是专业实力很强的二流大学，或者是专业实力很强的，学校又是全国重点的北上广？我的选择很简单：首先，看自己的兴趣，看自己喜欢什么专业，然后根据专业圈定几所心仪的学校。
然后根据以后的就业情况，以及是否公平公正，学校实力，报录比，学费等综合考虑。
（顺便提醒一点：上外很亲睐跨专业考翻硕的童鞋哦，绝对没有歧视哦）我看中的两点：1.专业很强，老师很强，这样自己才有可能很强。
2.学校不黑：有些学校喜欢开后门，人际关系特别那啥~特别是北方的学校，而且北方的天气空气都不太好。
相比较而言，上外广外比较好考，招生人数也多（上外今年扩招突然人数增加到了七八十人复试录取比1：1.2考进去的机会很大，广外招的人就更多了，一两百呢），所以综合保险起见，东部和东南的学校稍微更好一点，就业前景也不错。
关于学费：选择学校的时候自己要做好心里准备，一般而言，专硕的学费是相当贵的，这一点一定要想到。
2016年外交学院翻译硕士考研真题今年的题总体比较简单英语翻译基础缩略语有30个，政治、经济、科技都有涉及，但是今年出的比较简单，感觉还是跟时政，热词联系较多,每个缩略语后还有提示，就像QM（学科名词）这样的QM BBA AIIB UNSC HSBC CCTV(不是中央电视台)EFTA（国际组织）影子银行三严三实hedge fund英译汉有6小段，每段4-6行吧，内容是一个《卫报》的编辑写给《卫报》成立100周年的文章,开头第一句话是A hundred years is a long time; It’s a long time even……..汉译英是时文翻译，内容跟外交关系有关:(育明教育押中原题）翻译硕士英语第一题是20个单选题，主要考词汇辨析，但是今年没有很长很偏的词，最后两个单选就是给出一句话，让选择选项中与所给句子中标黑的单词的同义词。
第二题是改错，有10个，考试形式跟专八改错一样，但是比专八稍简单第三题是阅读，共6篇，总体比较简单，但是问题形式多样，有一般的选择，还有判断对错（Yes or No or Not Given）,多选，填文章主旨句，总之就是题型很多最后一题是作文，400词左右，写一下技术是怎样改变人们的交流方式和人际关系的。
汉语写作与百科知识今年这门科目变化挺大，但总体不难，第一题是30个选择，设计中国文化、文学、近代史（我觉得可能是因为今年是抗日战争胜利70周年，近代史的题有好几个），英美文学（主要是美国文学，但是题很少），还有跟时政有关的题，还有与朝鲜有关的题，是这样考的：新千年之际，朝韩实现了世纪握手，当时的朝韩总统是谁。
第二题是10个填空题，每个题不止一个空，全部是时政题，考了今年的矛盾文学奖、屠呦呦、达沃斯论坛及其主题、9.3阅兵、《三体》、波茨坦公告和联合国宣言……第三题是名词解释，有5个，新亚欧大陆桥、亚投行、一带一路、唯美主义、话本第四题是根据所给材料改写成通知，材料很短，就几行，改写的是关于开年度营销会的通知第五题是根据材料改写成报告，这篇比较长，材料是关于一家银行开投标会的流程报告。
上海外国语大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试英汉互译真题回忆版一、英译汉选自伊莎多拉•邓肯的自传My LifeISADORA DUNCAN’S AUTOBIOGRAPHY:CHAPTER ONEThe character of a child is already plain,even in its mother’s womb.Before I was born my mother was in great agony of spirit and in a tragic situation.She could take no food except iced oysters and iced champagne.If people ask me when I began to dance I reply,“In my mother’s womb,probably as a result of the oysters and champagne—the food of Aphrodite.”My mother was going through such a tragic experience at this time that she often said,“This child that will be born will surely not be normal,”and she expected a monster. And in fact from the moment I was born it seemed that I began to agitate my arms and legs in such a fury that my mother cried,“You see I was quite right,the child is a maniac!”But later on,placed in a baby jumper in the center of the table I was the amusement of the entire family and friends,dancing to any music that was played. My first memory is of a fire.I remember being thrown into the arms of a policeman from an upper window.I must have been about two or three years old,but I distinctly remember the comforting feeling,among all the excitement—the screams and the flames—of the security of the policeman and my little arms round his neck.He must have been an Irishman.I hear my mother cry in frenzy,“My boys,my boys,”and see her held back by the crowd from entering the building in which she imagined my two brothers had been left.Afterwards I remember finding the two boys sitting on the floor of a bar-room,putting on their shoes and stockings,and then the inside of a carriage,and then sitting on a counter drinking hot chocolate.I was born by the sea,and I have noticed that all the great events of my life have taken place by the sea.My first idea of movement,of the dance,certainly came from the rhythm of the waves.I was born under the star of Aphrodite,Aphrodite who was also born on the sea,and when her star is in the ascendant,events are always propitious to me.At these epochs life flows lightly and I am able to create.I have also noticed that the disappearance of this star is usually followed by disaster for me.The science of astrology has not perhaps the importance to-day that it had in the time of the ancient Egyptians or of the Chaldeans,but it is certain that our psychic life is under the influence of the planets,and if parents understood this they would study the stars in the creation of more beautiful children.I believe,too,that it must make a great difference to a child’s life whether it is born by the sea or in the mountains.The sea has always drawn me to it,whereas in the mountains I have a vague feeling of discomfort and a desire to fly.They always give me an impression of being a prisoner to the earth.Looking up at their tops,I do not feel the admiration of the general tourist,but only a desire to leap over them and escape.My life and my art were born of the sea.I have to be thankful that when we were young my mother was poor.She could not afford servants or governesses for her children,and it is to this fact that I owe the spontaneous life which I had the opportunity to express as a child and never lost.My mother was a musician and taught music for a living and as she gave her lessons at the houses of her pupils she was away from home all day and for many hours in the evening.When I could escape from the prison of school,I was free.I could wander alone by the sea and follow my own fantasies.How I pity the children I see constantly attended by nurses and governesses,constantly protected and taken care of and smartly dressed.What chance of life have they?My mother was too busy to think of any dangers which might befall her children,and therefore my two brothers and I were free to follow our own vagabond impulses,which sometimes led us into adventures which,had our mother known of them,would have driven her wild with anxiety.Fortunately she was blissfully unconscious.I say fortunately for me,for it is certainly to this wild untrammeled life of my childhood that I owe the inspiration of the dance I created,which was but the expression of freedom.I was never subjectedto the continual“don’ts”which it seems to me make children’s lives a misery.二、汉译英林语堂的《秋天的况味》秋天的黄昏，一人独坐在沙发上抽烟，看烟头白灰之下露出红光，微微透露出暖气，心头的情绪便跟着那蓝烟缭绕而上，一样的轻松，一样的自由。
上海外国语大学考研笔译方向经验分享及参考书目推荐复试准备阶段：二月十八号查的成绩，当时我就震惊了：法语本来以为不能过的，考了70；英汉互译本来以为只能得个两位数的，得了137。
算算技术分，比我想的好很多，激动地忍不住全身发抖。
给家人通报了好消息之后开始准备复试的书：在图书馆借了奈达的书和冯庆华的蓝砖头（论坛里说不用看的，也就没看），网上买了芒迪的中文版，打印了芒迪的英文版，后来看帖子里的经验又借了谢天振的《当代国外翻译理论导读》。
那段时间又要准备专八，所以就是白天看专八，晚上看芒迪（先看中文再看英文），就这样看了快一个月，晚上一看到芒迪的书就犯困，到了第七章左右索性不看英文了，只看中文。
看完了芒迪一点印象也没有，然后开始看奈达。
奈达前两章还算好懂，看完就考专八了，考完专八就该是实习期了，于是我又拎着书回家了（这剧情有点熟啊）。
早上九点多起，读一篇生而为赢，练六七条谚语（一开始张口哑巴，后来练多了也能讲出点东西，可惜思维混乱，深度不够），读两课法语课文单词，然后就中午了。
中午玩会电脑，下午看谢天振的书，记笔记（谢天振的书分学派的，条目倒是挺明晰，也能和芒迪的书前后呼应，可是有些理论还是很晦涩，比如说我一直不太懂阐释学派和解构主义）。
晚上看奈达的书，记笔记（奈达后面的部分就有点太杂了，看着看着我就晕了，也不高兴细看，把重点记下）。
然后玩电脑，睡觉……后来把谢天振的书看完就开始看第二遍芒迪了，先看，再把重点画出来，根据论坛里分享的别人的笔记和总结记笔记。
时间有点紧，一天完成两章的样子，好歹在去上海之前看完了。
复试情况：四月八号报到。
中午就笔试，题目先举出奈达认为翻译中需要注意的几个方面：Reproducing the message, Equivalence rather than identity, Natural equivalence, The closest equivalence, The priority of meaning, The significance of style……然后问How to bring these seemingly contradicting parameters into coordination？我一看到题目愣了好久，不知道它想问什么，也不记得奈达说过什么于此相关的话。
2016年外交学院翻译硕士考研规划，考研经验9月上旬至11月下旬：开始这一阶段复习之前，要保证《英语三级笔译》已经全部做完，单词（可以用新东方专八和GRE乱序版）至少背过两遍，百科知识和缩略语翻译已经有一定的基础。
进入《英语二级笔译》的练习。
其实整个复习阶段的翻译练习主要就是以三笔和二笔为主，辅之以各校历年真题，所以，这个阶段就是二笔和考研真题（注意，这里的真题最好不要做近两年的，因为近两年真题留到最后冲刺阶段的自我检测，可以用时间稍微久远的真题练习自测）。
但是三笔不能放下。
每天一定要抽出半个到一个小时从第一单元开始，把三笔当做视译材料，看着翻译下来，用上以前积累的好句型，把译文质量提高。
政府工作报告（当年和前一年）的翻译。
上网把中英文下载下来，对照复习，政工报告在很多学校的考试中都是重点考查内容，政治性很强，可以对专业性的政治经济词汇有个了解，是不错的复习资料。
刚开始看的时候会很枯燥，但是一旦找到感觉就发现工作报告其实不难，所以也是提高自信的利器。
英语写作：翻译硕士英语这门考试中有一篇英语写作，一般是400至500字的命题作文。
这对英语专业的学生来说不是难事，但是想要提高写作速度，就要加强练习，所以，至少需要每周写三篇作文，可以按照各校历年真题的题目来，也可以按照专八考试真题的题目来写，计时写作，30到40分钟内完成。
（一般作文的写作思路是：提出问题或现状，分析原因，提出解决方法，做归纳性总结。
）英语阅读：外交学院的题量很大，要求的单词量很大，前两年题还是比较难的，但最近外院的题一直在往简单走，所以，如果基础不错的话，这一科不用花太多时间。
建议用书：《专八标准阅读一百篇》，《冲击波改错》。
阅读和改错要留到10月下旬开始，因为质量高的题有限，不能浪费。
在这之前可以慢慢做育明的翻译硕士英语考研真题，看看题型，掌握速度，这本书相当于题库，尤其是单选，命中率很高的，所以要重视。
冲刺阶段首先进行扫尾工作，然后针对自己的薄弱项查漏补缺。
