四川省成都市石室中学2023-2024学年高二上学期备考期末英语模拟试卷2学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读选择Urban gardens are valuable property to communities. They provide green spaces to grow sustainable food, build community cohesion (凝聚力) make new friends, connect with the earth, and much no re. So, let’s check out our list of four inspiring urban gardens in the US.Got ham GreensWhere: New York & ChicagoWhat: Got ham Greens first started in Brooklyn and now has four locations in New York City and Chicago. Their flagship farm in Brooklyn produced over 100,000 pounds of greens per year. But it doesn’t just produce healthy local vegetables. It is using high-teach green houses with solar panels to make sure the food grown is healthy and sustainable.Baltimore Urban Gardening with StudentsWhere: Baltimore, Mary landWhat: The Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students (BUGS) program encouraged students to get their hands dirty and plant vegetables through their after-school and summer programs. Many of these kids don’t have access to green spaces, and have never had the opportunity to grow food.ReVision Urban FarmWhere: Boston, MassachusettsWhat: ReVision Urban Farm in Boston works in partnership with the ReVision Family Home——a shelter for 22 homeless parents and their kids. The farm provided these families with information on healthy eating, and access to the farm’s fresh vegetables. The organization also provided job training to help families escape the cycle of poverty.SwaleWhere: New YorkWhat: scale, a floating food forest located on a large boat, is an innovative project meant to inspire citizens to rethink the relationship between our cities and our food. This urban garden serves as both a living art exhibit and an educational farm, Food forests are sustainable gardens that include vegetables, fruit, nut trees, bushes, herbs, and vine——eachone complementing the other in a symbiotic (共生的) relationship.1．What is special about Got ham Greens?A．It provides job training for students.B．It offers homeless families formation on healthy eatingC．It creates a sustainable garden on a large boat.D．It uses high-tech green houses to grow healthy food.2．Which urban garden offers first-hand farming experience?A．Got ham Greens.B．Revision Urban Farm.C．Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students D．Scale.3．What do these four urban gardens have in common?A．They are inspirational multinational project.B．They have educational andentertaining purpose.C．They create job opportunities for farmers.D．They are important for citizens.As a geothermal(地热) scientist, I know that boiling rivers exist-but they are always near volcanoes. You need a lot of heat to make that much water boil. We were working in the volcanic gap, a 950-mile-long area that covers most of Peru, where there haven’t been volcanic eruptions for the past two million years.Yet, we’d found the Shanaya, a name originated from “heating thing”. My measurements averaged 190°F-195°F. The locals think it’s so hot because of the Yacumama, or “water mother”—a spirit who gives birth to waters—represented by a snake-head-shaped rock at the origin of the heated water.I had to cut my way through the bush at the side of the river to take temperature readings. All the while, right next to me was this very hot, fast-flowing body of water. A friend at the nearest village had told me, “Use your feet like eyes.” You can’t see heat, but you can feel it when you step near it. I wore sandals(凉鞋).I was at a part of the river measuring 210F, standing on a rock the size of a sheet or paper, when the rain fell. It was like a curtain rising. The temperature difference between the rain and the river caused a whiteout(临时性失明). I couldn’t see, but I whistled to let my partner know I was OK.At 130°F, flesh cooks, and the water around me was nearing twice that. My eyes would have cooked in less than a minute, and I couldn’t have seen how to get out. I saw rats fall in,their eyes turning milky white. I kept whistling.After 15 minutes the rain stopped and the steam cleared. A heavy rain in most situations would have been nothing important. Here, for a matter of minutes, it thinned the line between researching and being boiled alive.4．What do the locals think causes the water so hot?A．The high temperature.B．An imaginary creature.C．The volcanic eruptions.D．The geological conditions.5．Why did the author cut his way through the bush beside the river?A．To get some related data.B．To look into wildlife around the river.C．To know about the quality of the water.D．To appreciate the beautiful scenery there.6．For what reason did the author whistle when it rained?A．He was in trouble.B．He could stand on a rock.C．Nothing was wrong with him.D．He liked the natural phenomenon. 7．What is the best title for the article?A．A Hard Rain B．Milky White EyesC．Boiling River D．Water near VolcanoesIn a series of studies, researchers found highly trained dogs may be more successful than untrained pets in independently solving newly-presented problems.Researchers have discovered that one of the factors underlying this process may be persistence (坚持). It involves reinforcement, the principle that behaviors that are rewarded become stronger and more frequent. The other side of this is extinction, which refers to the fact that behaviors that are not rewarded grow weaker and become less likely to appear. When extinction sets in, the animal will simply quit before the problem is solved. It is possible that highly trained dogs have learned to persist and thus have developed resistance to extinction, which would make them better problem solvers.In this recent study, the researchers looked at 26 adult dogs divided into two groups, “trained dogs” and “pet dogs”. There were two tasks that the dogs were tested on. One was a social learning task where the dog had to learn to look directly into the experimenter’s eyes. Every time the dog stared at the experimenter’s face, they received a treat (reinforcement).Once the dogs were performing this task, the extinction stage began, and the staring behavior was no longer rewarded in order to see how persistent the newly learned behavior was.The second task focused on problem-solving. It involved a flat disk that had bone-shaped plastic bones. The dogs had to learn to remove the plastic bones to obtain the treat hiding under each one. After the series of rewarded trials, the extinction stage began, and no more reinforcements were provided for removing the bones.In the social learning task, the trained dogs gazed at the experimenters more than the pet dogs during extinction. While in the problem-solving task, the trained dogs picked up a larger number of bones during extinction. In other words, for dogs who had been trained, their newly learned behaviors persisted longer and were stronger than the behaviors of the pet dogs who received no training in any area.8．How does the author introduce the topic?A．By stating a fact.B．By raising a doubt.C．By making an assumption.D．By presenting a conclusion. 9．Which of the following can be seen as “reinforcement”?A．Chaining a dog up while walking it every day.B．Giving a goat some grass every time it stands up.C．Putting a fish back into the pool every time it jumps out.D．Yelling at a cat every time it fails to catch a mouse.10．How can dogs benefit from training in the experiment?A．Their newly learned behaviors last longer.B．They can grow stronger than untrained dogs.C．They are more likely to live longer.D．They are better at helping their friends.11．Which of the following can be the best title of the text?A．How researchers carry out animal experimentsB．Why trained dogs don’t give up easilyC．Why persistent dogs make better petsD．How to pick out a suitable pet dogWith the growing trend of listening to stories on meditation apps(冥想应用), travel tales—sometimes featuring surrounding sounds of places such as rainforests in Borneo—arehelping people get restful sleep. Imagine a voice softly telling as listeners close their eyes and snuggle down in their beds. Are you paying attention? Actually, it doesn’t matter.According to the CDC, some 70 million Americans struggle with chronic sleep problems. To help with this, many adults are bringing back bedtime stories through meditation apps. Nearly a third of the Calm app’s 300 bedtime stories, which have been listened to more than 450 million times, are about travel. Some 45% of the bedtime stories on the app Breethe are travel-related. Earlier this year, half of the top 10 bedtime stories were travel-themed.Travel bedtime stories are typically an audio retelling of a trip and rely heavily on descriptions, with occasional surrounding noises like ocean waves, train tracks, or soft music. Train stories are particularly popular at bedtime. “You need movement in a bedtime story—if things are static(静止的), it’s too dull and the listener will get restless,” says Martha Bayless, a professor at the University of Oregon’s Folklore and Public Culture Program. “But the movement has to be non-threatening and soothing. The train is the perfect vehicle for sleep, engaging the senses in a gentle way.”One possible reason why travel bedtime stories calm our brains is “mirror neurons(镜像神经元),” says Rachel Salas, a neurologist at Johns Hopkins Center for Sleep and Wellness. “These brain cells might combine our own experiences with someone else’s. For example, a tale of train travel could bring a sense of nostalgia(怀旧)for our own past journeys. The comforting sense of something familiar can help with relaxation and sleep. Additionally, the sound of a train chugging along the tracks serves as a type of white noise that lulls people to sleep,” Salas adds.“In most travel bedtime stories, nothing much happens,” says Bayless. “The bedtime stories are about the quiet period between adventures, which is what sleep is also about.”12．In which aspect do people benefit from travel tales?A．Promoting sleep.B．Inspiring imagination.C．Improving concentration.D．Gaining travel information.13．What do the numbers in paragraph 2 mainly indicate?A．Most adults suffer a lot from a lack of sleep.B．Adequate quality sleep is essential to human health.C．Meditation apps help people reduce stress effectively.D．Travel-related bedtime stories are more appealing to listeners.14．Rachel Salas’s words in paragraph 4 serve as ______.A．evidence of the significance of mirror neuronsB．an explanation as to why travel tales help with sleepC．a description of adventurous travel experiencesD．an analysis of how sleep affects people’s memory15．In which section of a newspaper may this article appear?A．Travel.B．Opinion.C．Entertainment.D．Science.Every sentence we speak shows something about who we are as humans. Even peopleor “pop” may reveal what country and what region they are from. What people call the night before Halloween may tie to their religious beliefs.17 Plants and animals that are given names in any language are generally those that are relevant to people speaking the language. The relevance comes from the way that the people have interacted with the animals and plants. In some cases, this has happened over centuries.While we might think of language as having a fixed set of words and rules that we learn in school, in fact language is always developing. New words emerge while others fall out of use. Pronunciation changes over time as does the meaning of words. 18 Our ability to learn language develops when we are young. Sounds heard as infants, or even in the womb (子宫), set the stage for language learning later. Baby cooing (咕咕叫) is the result of babies’ analysis of the languages spoken to them. 19 Children exposed to multiple languages early in life, and growing up multilingual, develop enhanced cognitive functions. These may include the ability to focus and ignore distractions Languages are as diverse as the communities that speak them. Each of the approximately 7,000 bold languages is a proof to a community’s unique human experience. Yet, many languages around the world are endangered. It is possible that as many as half of the world’s languages could go silent by the end of this century. Why? 20 But they boil down to social inequalities and disrespect for others.A．Babies are practicing the pronunciation of sounds that they need for communication.B．Languages change with time.C．These are rooted in their history and culture.D．What kind of slang (俚语) you use may come from the habits of your family.E．Language also shows the connections between us, and our natural environment.F．The reasons are complex.G．People also borrow words from languages other than their own to add to their own vocabulary.二、完形填空If you accuse（起诉）Jared, he will 24 to juvenile detention（少管所）until he’s 21.”I asked the police to 25 until I could speak with Jared. When Jared saw me, his eyes were filled with fear, 26 a note of regret. I seized the moment. “We meet for one hour every Saturday for ten months. We’ll spend a half-hour on homework and a half-hour 27 anything you like. But you must commit, and you must 28 the money you stole.”He took the offer.To my 29 , he showed up in the quiet, appointed place every Saturday. Saturday after Saturday we sat, we 30 , and I listened. I learned about his broken family, the ambitions that seemed far beyond his 31 to work toward them, and his lack of meaningful connections with others. He repaid the money to me. When the ten months ended, I 32 my hand to Jared, “That’s it. Thank you.”He laid his hand in mine, 33 , and looked at me. “That’s it?” he repeated.“Yeah,” I said.Later, we became good friends. Whatever problems our neighbors had, he was ready to help them.Young people sometimes make us 34 with their behavior, but as an adult, our positive guidance may make a great 35 to their whole life.21．A．lived B．spoke C．played D．combined 22．A．knew B．removed C．announced D．refused 23．A．interest B．book C．record D．reward 24．A．reply B．write C．refer D．go 25．A．give up B．hold off C．look around D．carry on26．A．using B．sharing C．showing D．asking 27．A．talking about B．turning down C．looking for D．thinking about 28．A．forget B．own C．remember D．repay 29．A．delight B．anger C．anxiety D．sadness 30．A．agreed B．chatted C．shouted D．cried 31．A．choice B．willingness C．health D．cleverness 32．A．clapped B．waved C．offered D．lent 33．A．doubtful B．calm C．upset D．cold 34．A．happy B．disappointed C．curious D．thankful 35．A．difference B．decision C．apology D．effort三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
